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lace
f
r
ee
ly
,
wh
ile
I
n
d
o
n
esi
an
s
o
ciety
is
n
o
t
y
et
r
ea
d
y
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
f
o
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
k
ills
an
d
s
k
ills
ce
r
tific
atio
n
[
6
]
.
T
r
u
s
t
is
g
iv
en
to
Vo
ca
tio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
t
io
n
b
y
estab
lis
h
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
m
ass
iv
ely
.
T
h
is
is
wit
h
h
o
p
es
th
at
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
is
ab
le
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
q
u
alif
ie
d
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
n
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
r
ates,
an
d
b
e
ab
le
to
co
m
p
ete
in
th
e
AE
C
,
as
well
as
o
th
er
AS
E
AN
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
7
]
,
o
f
co
u
r
s
e,
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ar
e
s
im
ilar
.
T
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
is
th
at
Vo
ca
tio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
ac
cu
ltu
r
ate
its
elf
as
wh
at
is
n
ee
d
ed
b
y
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
co
m
p
e
ten
ce
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
i
n
ac
co
r
d
a
n
ce
with
th
e
s
k
ill
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
is
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
n
ew
p
o
licy
f
o
r
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
-
b
ased
Vo
ca
tio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
T
r
ain
in
g
[
8
,
9]
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
a
cc
o
u
n
ted
f
o
r
.
C
o
m
p
eten
ce
will
n
o
t
b
e
f
a
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
atio
n
al
q
u
alif
icatio
n
s
’
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
r
a
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
ten
ca
lled
KKNI
.
I
n
t
h
eir
p
e
r
io
d
[
1
0
]
h
a
d
d
esig
n
ed
w
o
r
k
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
tr
ain
in
g
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
is
wo
r
k
was
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
[
1
1
]
an
d
b
ec
a
m
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
[
1
2
]
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
co
m
p
eten
c
y
-
b
ased
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Simp
ly
s
tated
,
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
d
o
wo
r
k
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
[
1
3
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
1
4
]
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
"g
r
ad
u
ate
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
is
th
e
q
u
alif
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ate’
s
ab
ilit
ies";
(
Ma
n
p
o
wer
Act,
Nu
m
b
er
1
3
,
(
2
0
0
3
a)
"in
d
i
v
id
u
al
wo
r
k
ab
ilit
ies
in
clu
d
e
as
p
ec
ts
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
,
an
d
wo
r
k
attitu
d
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
"
[
1
3
]
as
well
as
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
p
er
s
o
n
.
C
o
m
p
eten
cies,
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
etailed
in
t
h
e
r
ev
is
ed
2
0
1
3
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
c
h
an
g
es.
T
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
n
ee
d
ed
i
s
b
ased
o
n
Natio
n
al
Vo
ca
tio
n
a
l
Qu
alif
icatio
n
s
(
NQV)
[
1
5
]
as
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
co
m
p
eten
cy
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
f
u
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
ea
ch
s
ch
o
o
l
m
u
s
t
estab
lis
h
a
1
st
p
ar
ty
Pro
f
ess
i
o
n
al
C
er
tific
atio
n
Ag
en
cy
(
L
S
P)
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
co
m
p
eten
t
g
r
ad
u
ates
[
1
]
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
co
m
p
eten
c
y
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
a
p
er
s
o
n
to
wo
r
k
.
T
h
e
jo
u
r
n
ey
o
f
im
p
le
m
en
tin
g
th
e
r
e
v
is
ed
2
0
1
3
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
th
e
L
SP
is
s
till
f
ar
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
licen
s
ed
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
an
o
b
s
tacle
f
o
r
th
em
to
estab
lis
h
L
SP
,
ev
en
m
o
r
e,
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
less
d
ir
ec
ted
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
ea
b
le
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
Fu
ll
atten
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
iv
en
to
teac
h
in
g
s
taf
f
,
th
ey
m
u
s
t
co
m
m
it
to
h
av
i
n
g
a
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
ce
r
tific
ate
as
m
an
d
ate
d
b
y
B
NSP
[
1
6
]
.
Un
til
cu
r
r
en
tly
,
at
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
f
in
al
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
test
ed
,
n
am
ely
th
e
Vo
ca
tio
n
al
C
o
m
p
eten
cy
T
est
(
UKK)
as
a
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
ea
ch
s
ch
o
o
l
s
till
h
as
n
o
t
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
h
e
s
am
e
m
o
d
el,
m
ea
n
in
g
th
at
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
ac
h
iev
ed
will a
ls
o
b
e
v
ar
ie
d
.
Pro
b
lem
s
ar
is
e
if
th
ese
test
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
s
p
ec
ial
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
th
eir
f
ield
o
r
ce
r
tific
ate
r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
th
e
im
p
ar
tiality
o
f
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
to
b
e
v
er
y
h
ig
h
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
is
to
o
b
tai
n
a
test
s
tan
d
ar
d
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
a
n
y
o
n
e
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
n
o
t
m
u
ch
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
ju
s
tifie
d
ass
ess
m
en
t p
r
in
cip
les.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
UKK
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
B
an
ten
p
r
o
v
in
c
e
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
(
a)
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
UKK
was
ass
es
s
ed
b
y
in
ter
n
al
ed
u
c
ato
r
s
with
o
u
t
h
ig
h
er
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
;
(
b
)
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
UKK
was
ass
es
s
ed
b
y
in
ter
n
al
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
a
n
d
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
was
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
an
d
(
c)
it wa
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
UKK
f
r
o
m
1
st
p
ar
ty
L
SP
wer
e
tech
n
ical
ex
p
e
r
ts
an
d
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
ield
s
tu
d
y
,
it
was
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
a
t
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
th
at
th
er
e
was
a
test
m
o
d
el
co
n
ce
p
t
with
n
atio
n
al
r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
with
ass
es
s
m
en
t
p
r
in
cip
les.
T
h
e
r
en
ewa
l
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
test
m
o
d
el
g
ets
d
o
u
b
le
o
u
t
p
u
t,
wh
er
e
UKK
is
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
ely
f
u
lf
illed
a
n
d
it
g
ets
tech
n
ical
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
an
d
s
o
lv
es
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
g
ap
p
r
o
b
le
m
[
1
7
]
w
h
ich
i
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
r
elev
a
n
ce
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
8
]
.
Plan
n
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
test
m
o
d
el
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
E
n
g
i
n
e
T
u
n
e
-
Up
I
n
jectio
n
Sy
s
tem
(
E
T
U
-
SI)
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
is
th
at
th
is
s
u
b
ject
h
as
co
m
p
lex
co
m
p
eten
cy
th
at
co
n
tain
s
s
ev
er
al
s
u
b
-
co
m
p
eten
cies
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
f
i
eld
s
,
n
am
ely
en
g
in
e,
elec
tr
ica
l
an
d
b
asic
co
m
p
eten
cies.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
E
T
U
-
SI
is
an
au
to
m
o
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
is
ap
p
lied
in
v
ar
io
u
s
v
eh
ic
les
to
d
ay
an
d
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
r
e
q
u
ir
es
th
ese
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
KKNI
an
d
L
SP
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
tag
es
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cy
test
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
1
6
8
-
1
7
6
170
r
ef
er
to
[
1
8
]
n
am
ely
(
a
)
s
ettin
g
o
f
g
o
als;
(
b
)
co
llectio
n
o
f
ev
i
d
en
ce
;
(
c)
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
ev
id
e
n
ce
with
o
b
jectiv
es,
an
d
(
d
)
o
p
in
io
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
co
n
ten
t
o
r
n
o
t y
et
c
o
m
p
eten
t)
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
eten
c
y
test
as
s
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
th
e
C
B
A
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
1
9
]
in
clu
d
in
g
:
(
1
)
r
estricte
d
an
d
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
test
s
,
(
2
)
o
r
al
ass
ess
m
en
t,
(
3
)
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t,
(
4
)
wo
r
k
s
-
b
ases
ass
ess
m
en
t.
R
est
r
icted
an
d
o
p
e
n
-
en
d
e
d
test
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
wr
itten
test
s
,
b
o
th
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
-
c
h
o
ice
q
u
esti
o
n
s
an
d
ess
ay
s
ta
ilo
r
ed
to
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
u
n
its
in
th
e
test
clu
s
ter
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
T
h
e
o
r
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
attitu
d
es
an
d
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
,
it
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
d
ialo
g
u
e
with
test
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
r
Pro
d
u
ct
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
test
th
at
in
v
o
lv
es
test
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wo
r
k
in
g
d
ir
ec
tly
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
wo
r
k
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
will
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
h
o
lis
tically
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
test
tak
er
s
to
war
d
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
wo
r
k
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
ity
.
W
o
r
k
-
b
ased
ass
es
s
m
en
t
is
an
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
th
at
v
ar
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
wo
r
k
.
T
h
is
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
test
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t’
s
wo
r
k
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
test
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
co
n
tain
s
elem
en
ts
(
1
)
task
s
k
ill
s
,
(
2
)
task
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
k
ills
,
(
3
)
co
n
tin
g
en
c
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
k
ills
,
an
d
(
4
)
jo
b
/r
o
l
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
k
ills
,
[
2
0
,
21]
.
C
o
m
p
eten
cy
test
ass
es
s
m
en
t
[
2
2
]
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
4
(
f
o
u
r
)
s
ta
g
es,
n
am
ely
:
(
1
)
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
;
(
2
)
g
ath
er
in
g
e
v
id
en
c
e;
(
3
)
ev
al
u
atio
n
b
y
o
th
er
s
; (
4
)
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t c
o
m
p
e
ten
cy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t a
ctiv
ities
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
was te
s
ted
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
b
ased
o
n
asp
ec
ts
:
v
alid
,
r
eliab
le,
f
lex
ib
le,
f
air
,
o
b
jectiv
e,
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
u
s
ab
le.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
th
at
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
p
o
s
itiv
e
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
esear
ch
u
s
ed
a
m
o
d
if
ied
B
o
r
g
&
Gall
m
o
d
e
l.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
was
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
in
B
an
te
n
Pro
v
in
ce
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
o
m
e
f
ac
ts
:
(
1
)
h
av
in
g
s
u
f
f
ici
en
t
1
st
p
ar
t
y
L
SP
with
3
rd
p
a
r
t
y
T
UK
L
SP
p
ar
tn
er
wh
o
s
e
ad
eq
u
ac
y
was
v
er
if
ied
;
(
2
)
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
tech
n
ical
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ex
p
e
r
ts
as
ass
es
s
o
r
s
wh
o
h
av
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
test
in
g
an
d
n
e
ed
a
n
ew
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
test
n
am
ely
E
T
U
-
SI;
(
3
)
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
E
T
U
-
SI
test
s
ch
em
e;
an
d
(
4
)
au
to
m
o
tiv
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
is
lim
ited
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
eo
p
le
an
d
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
its
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
tim
e
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t r
esear
c
h
is
in
2
0
1
9
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
th
is
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
ar
e
ass
ess
ee
s
as
m
an
y
as
2
0
p
eo
p
le
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
6
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
,
5
p
e
o
p
le
f
r
o
m
wo
r
k
er
s
,
an
d
9
p
eo
p
le
f
r
o
m
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
s
ch
o
o
l
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
3
ex
ter
n
al
ass
ess
o
r
s
(
3
rd
p
ar
ty
L
SP
)
with
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
1.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
test
b
y
co
m
p
eten
c
y
ass
ess
m
en
t e
x
p
er
ts
Ex
p
e
r
t
s
Ex
p
e
r
t
i
se
D
e
scr
i
p
t
i
o
n
Ex
p
e
r
t
1
Th
e
e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
a
n
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
v
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
st
r
u
c
t
o
r
a
t
t
h
e
V
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
C
e
n
t
e
r
f
o
r
1
6
y
e
a
r
s.
H
e
h
a
s
sen
i
o
r
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
f
i
e
l
d
w
i
t
h
4
0
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
u
n
i
t
s
.
M
e
mb
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
V
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Le
c
t
u
r
e
r
s
a
n
d
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
A
sso
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
l
so
,
a
C
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
A
ssesso
r
s
a
t
t
h
e
C
e
n
t
e
r
f
o
r
V
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
,
C
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
A
s
sesso
r
s
a
t
LSP
TO
,
LSP
TO
P
,
a
n
d
i
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
a
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
H
R
i
n
t
h
e
M
i
n
i
s
t
r
y
a
s w
e
l
l
a
s
i
n
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
v
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
Ex
p
e
r
t
2
Th
e
e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
a
s
e
n
i
o
r
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
o
r
a
t
B
B
P
L
K
B
a
n
d
u
n
g
.
H
a
v
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
t
i
se
i
n
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
mo
t
i
v
e
f
i
e
l
d
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
T
u
n
e
-
U
p
I
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
ms.
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
f
P
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
C
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
f
o
r
A
u
t
o
mo
t
i
v
e
P
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
Te
c
h
n
i
c
i
a
n
s
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
a
g
e
n
c
y
a
t
t
h
e
c
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
se
c
t
i
o
n
.
A
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
g
e
n
c
y
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
,
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
G
e
r
ma
n
y
.
Ex
p
e
r
t
3
Th
e
e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
a
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
f
r
o
m
s
t
a
t
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
e
s
f
o
r
5
y
e
a
r
s
.
P
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
l
y
a
s
a
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
i
n
a
v
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
sch
o
o
l
f
o
r
5
y
e
a
r
s
.
A
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
r
e
sea
r
c
h
.
J
o
i
n
i
n
g
a
s
a
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
y
a
ssess
o
r
.
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
d
ata
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
two
ty
p
es
o
f
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
[
2
3
]
,
n
am
ely
th
e
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
an
d
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
as
s
ess
m
en
t
d
ata
was
a
co
g
n
itiv
e
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
r
estricte
d
test
;
p
s
y
ch
o
m
o
to
r
,
an
d
af
f
ec
tiv
e
test
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ass
es
s
m
en
t
an
d
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
ac
tical
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
t
s
k
ills
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
ex
t
r
ac
ti
n
g
ev
id
en
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
r
al
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
test
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
e
ten
cy
ass
ess
m
en
t
ex
p
er
ts
,
E
T
U
I
n
jectio
n
Sy
s
tem
s
ex
p
er
ts
,
an
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
.
T
h
is
was
in
ten
d
ed
to
o
b
tain
u
n
if
o
r
m
in
p
u
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
wa
s
ap
p
lied
e
m
p
ir
ically
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
lly
p
r
o
v
ed
its
s
u
itab
ilit
y
with
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
u
s
in
g
f
ac
to
r
a
n
a
ly
s
is
.
Valid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
in
s
t
r
u
m
en
t
esp
ec
ially
th
e
wr
itten
test
in
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
r
e
f
er
en
ce
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
estricte
d
test
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
in
s
t
r
u
m
en
t
[
2
4
]
.
Me
asu
r
i
n
g
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
m
ee
t
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
v
alid
ity
,
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
tia
tin
g
p
o
wer
,
w
h
ile
in
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
s
o
m
e
c
r
iter
ia
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
lev
el
was
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
ts
[
2
5
]
with
(
1
)
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t m
o
d
el
fo
r
co
mp
e
ten
cy
imp
r
o
ve
men
t a
n
d
n
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tio
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a
l
vo
ca
tio
n
a
l..
.
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
N
u
r
ta
n
to
)
171
=
−
1
[
1
−
∑
2
∑
2
]
(
1
)
r
=
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
ee
f
f
icien
t
k
=
item
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
2
=
item
v
ar
ian
t
2
=
to
tal
v
ar
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t
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
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test
in
g
o
f
th
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i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
cr
iter
ia
u
s
es
th
e
in
t
er
r
ater
co
ef
f
icien
t
an
aly
s
is
,
w
h
ich
is
to
s
ee
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
in
g
iv
in
g
r
atin
g
s
to
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
s
h
ee
ts
.
Me
asu
r
in
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
in
ter
r
ater
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
ts
an
d
o
r
al
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
C
o
h
en
's
Ka
p
p
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
ƙ
)
an
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
es o
f
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
ts
.
C
o
h
en
’
s
Kap
p
a.
C
o
ef
f
icien
t
eq
u
atio
n
(
ƙ
)
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
6
]
is
as f
o
llo
ws
(
2
)
:
ƙ
=
∑
0
−
∑
−
∑
(
2
)
ƙ
=
ag
r
ee
m
en
t le
v
el
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
t
0
=
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
=
ex
p
ec
ted
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
N
=
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ass
ess
ed
item
s
T
h
e
lo
wer
lim
it
o
f
th
e
r
eliab
il
ity
co
ef
f
icien
t
f
o
r
a
g
o
o
d
test
is
0
.
7
0
(
E
d
u
c
atio
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t,
3
r
d
ed
,
1
9
8
9
)
.
Nex
t,
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
test
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
test
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ar
e
th
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cy
test
m
o
d
els
in
th
e
E
T
U
-
SI
s
ch
em
e
b
eg
an
with
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
in
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
tr
ai
n
in
g
ce
n
tr
es,
L
S
Ps
an
d
T
UKs
at
SMK
N
1
C
ileg
o
n
.
O
b
s
er
v
atio
n
c
o
n
d
u
cted
o
n
t
h
e
au
to
m
o
tiv
e
s
ec
to
r
in
B
an
ten
as
a
p
lace
f
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
ce
n
tr
e
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
ex
p
er
ts
at
th
e
C
en
ter
f
o
r
J
o
b
T
r
ain
in
g
(
B
B
L
K)
in
th
e
a
u
to
m
o
ti
v
e
f
ield
in
B
an
d
u
n
g
as
a
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
e
ten
cy
test
s
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
ass
ess
o
r
s
'
a
s
s
o
ciatio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
3
rd
p
ar
ty
L
SP
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
wer
e
also
m
ad
e
at
T
UK
wh
en
3
rd
p
ar
ty
L
SP
p
ar
tn
er
s
at
SMK
N
1
C
ileg
o
n
.
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
T
U
-
SI
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
ass
es
s
m
en
t
m
o
d
els
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
ex
p
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
clu
d
es
KKNI
co
m
p
eten
cies
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
g
en
e
r
al
wo
r
k
s
an
d
ex
p
e
r
t
wo
r
k
with
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e,
p
s
y
ch
o
m
o
to
r
also
wo
r
k
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
af
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
[
2
7
–
2
9
]
.
T
h
o
s
e
co
m
p
eten
ci
es
in
clu
d
e
(
a)
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
m
ain
ten
an
ce
/s
e
r
v
icin
g
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
1
.
0
0
1
;
(
b
)
r
ea
d
in
g
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
te
ch
n
ical
d
r
awin
g
s
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
1
.
0
0
9
;
(
c)
m
e
asu
r
em
en
t
to
o
ls
u
s
ag
e
an
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
1
.
0
1
0
;
(
d
)
co
m
p
lian
ce
to
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
h
ea
lth
an
d
s
af
ety
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
1
.
0
1
6
;
(
e)
u
s
ag
e
an
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
f
wo
r
k
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
an
d
to
o
ls
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
1
.
0
1
7
;
(
f
)
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
m
an
u
al
w
o
r
k
in
g
o
p
er
atio
ns
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
1
.
0
1
8
;
(
g
)
t
h
e
en
g
in
e
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
o
r
s
er
v
ice
an
d
its
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
2
.
0
0
1
;
(
h
)
th
e
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
r
s
er
v
icin
g
an
d
its
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
KUK
.
OT
O.
KR
0
2
.
0
1
0
;
(
i)
en
g
in
e
f
u
el
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
r
s
er
v
ic
e
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
2
.
0
1
4
;
(
j)
e
m
is
s
i
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
t
en
an
ce
o
r
s
er
v
ice
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
2
.
0
2
0
;
(
k
)
b
atter
y
test
,
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
r
s
er
v
ice
an
d
r
ep
lace
m
en
t
K
UK.
OT
O.
KR
0
5
.
0
1
;
(
l)
th
e
ig
n
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
r
ep
ai
r
KU
K.
OT
O.
KR
0
5
.
0
1
1
;
(
m
)
en
g
in
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
o
r
s
er
v
ice
an
d
r
ep
ai
r
KUK.
OT
O.
KR
0
5
.
0
1
2
.
(
2
)
So
f
ar
,
t
h
e
UKK
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
h
as
b
ee
n
in
co
m
p
lete
an
d
o
n
ly
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
o
n
in
ter
n
al
ass
ess
o
r
s
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t
y
et
h
a
v
e
th
e
tech
n
ica
l
ex
p
er
tis
e
an
d
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
wh
ich
r
esu
lts
in
h
ig
h
im
p
ar
tiality
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lts
in
h
i
g
h
test
s
u
cc
es
s
r
ates
b
u
t
s
till
b
ein
g
f
ar
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
.
(
3
)
HR
in
1
st
p
ar
t
y
L
SP
SMK
N
1
C
ileg
o
n
d
id
n
’
t h
av
e
tech
n
ical
ex
p
er
ts
at
E
T
U
-
SI
wh
ile
t
h
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
m
ee
ts
th
e
tech
n
ical
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
T
UK
at
th
e
tim
e.
Facto
r
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
as
s
es
s
e
e
in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
test
s
in
clu
d
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
an
d
lear
n
er
s
’
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
ar
e
r
ela
tiv
ely
n
o
t
r
ea
d
y
to
b
e
test
ed
b
y
ex
ter
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
i
tio
n
,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
lear
n
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
is
v
er
y
lo
w,
wh
ile
th
e
d
esire
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
f
o
r
h
av
i
n
g
a
ce
r
tific
ate
o
f
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
test
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
E
T
U
-
SI
s
ch
em
e
is
a
co
m
p
eten
cy
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
th
at
is
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
g
en
e
r
al
p
u
b
lic
te
s
tin
g
,
b
o
th
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
an
d
allo
ws
th
e
test
to
b
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
as
lo
n
g
as
it
m
ee
ts
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
test
ad
eq
u
ac
y
(
1
3
KUK
u
n
its
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cy
)
.
B
eg
in
n
in
g
with
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cies
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
QF
a
n
d
th
en
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
in
to
th
e
te
s
t
m
ate
r
ial.
T
h
e
tes
t
m
ater
ial
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
t
o
s
o
m
e
ev
id
e
n
ce
co
llectio
n
s
,
n
am
ely
d
ir
ec
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
ac
tice
(
p
s
y
ch
o
m
o
to
r
asp
ec
ts
)
an
d
in
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iews
(
af
f
ec
tiv
e
a
s
p
ec
ts
)
an
d
th
e
f
iv
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
co
m
p
eten
ce
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
0
:
1
6
8
-
1
7
6
172
task
s
k
ill
(
T
S),
task
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
k
ills
(
T
MS)
,
an
d
co
n
tin
g
en
cy
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
s
k
ills
(
C
MS)
,
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
Sk
ills
(
E
MS)
,
a
n
d
J
o
b
R
o
le
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
Sk
ills
(
J
R
E
S).
I
n
d
ir
ec
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
in
clu
d
es
m
u
ltip
le
-
ch
o
ice
test
s
(
co
g
n
itiv
e
asp
ec
ts
)
f
o
r
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
in
teg
r
ate
d
f
o
r
ass
ess
ee
s
'
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
.
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
[
3
0
]
is
u
s
ed
as
a
te
s
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
f
u
lf
ilm
e
n
t
o
f
ev
id
en
ce
c
o
llectio
n
as
a
"c
o
m
p
eten
t"
o
r
"n
o
t
co
m
p
eten
t"
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
.
E
ac
h
ass
ess
m
en
t m
o
d
el
test
k
it is
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
ass
ess
m
en
t in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
.
E
q
u
i
p
m
en
t
tr
ials
wer
e
co
n
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I
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2252
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01
No
A
sesi
N
a
me
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
A
.
G
1
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
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t
e
n
t
2
A
.
G
2
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
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t
e
n
t
3
A
.
G
3
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
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t
e
n
t
4
A
.
G
4
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
t
5
A
.
G
5
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
t
6
A
.
L1
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
t
7
A
.
L2
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
t
8
A
.
L3
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
t
9
A
.
L4
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
t
10
A
.
L5
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
nt
11
A
.
L6
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
NC
C
C
C
n
o
t
-
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
t
12
A
.
L7
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
NC
C
C
C
C
n
o
t
-
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
t
13
A
.
L8
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
NC
C
C
NC
n
o
t
-
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
t
14
A
.
L9
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
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ased
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ate
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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task
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T
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Sk
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ten
t
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s
o
th
at
th
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wer
e
p
r
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tical
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m
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test
in
g
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
wed
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at
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
E
T
U
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SI
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m
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test
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in
ac
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h
e
d
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t o
f
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ased
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Per
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Ass
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O
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Ass
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d
a
f
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d
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aster
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All
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et
1
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d
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e
n
th
e
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s
o
n
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lar
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e
n
o
t
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m
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ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
ev
id
e
n
ce
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llectio
n
in
t
eg
r
a
tes
all
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ts
an
d
all
co
m
p
eten
cy
test
s
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
8
.
T
ab
le
8
.
C
o
m
p
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ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t statis
tic
s
S
t
a
t
i
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i
c
s
R
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st
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c
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e
d
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20
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20
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n
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36
M
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
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N
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ter
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S),
task
m
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MS)
,
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Sk
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Sk
ills
(
J
R
E
S).
T
h
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
c
o
m
p
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n
cy
ass
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m
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t
in
clu
d
e:
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if
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ca
tio
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o
f
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eq
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eq
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in
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tiality
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m
e
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eq
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ts
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v
alid
ity
,
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f
lex
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f
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s
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d
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)
,
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d
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ec
o
m
m
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n
d
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s
".
T
h
is
s
tu
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y
h
as
p
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d
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d
a
c
o
m
p
eten
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test
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is
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ac
co
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an
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with
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to
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o
tiv
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s
tr
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s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
in
E
T
U
-
SI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
M
a
c
lea
n
a
n
d
D.
Wi
lso
n
,
E
d
s.,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
C
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
W
o
rl
d
o
f
W
o
rk
:
Brid
g
in
g
Aca
d
e
mic
a
n
d
V
o
c
a
ti
o
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l
L
e
a
rn
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n
g
.
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
Ne
t
h
e
rlan
d
s
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
]
P
.
C.
Die
p
,
"
H
o
Ch
i
M
i
n
h
C
it
y
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
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n
d
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Vie
tn
a
m
,
"
n
o
.
8
,
p
.
1
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
P
.
P
a
ry
o
n
o
,
"
Re
g
i
o
n
a
l
q
u
a
li
f
ica
ti
o
n
fra
m
e
wo
rk
s
in
S
o
u
th
e
a
st
As
i
a
:
c
u
rre
n
t
sta
tu
s,
o
p
p
o
rt
u
n
it
ies
,
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s.
P
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
t
e
d
a
t
th
e
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
‘Ha
rn
e
ss
i
n
g
Qu
a
li
fica
ti
o
n
F
ra
m
e
wo
rk
to
wa
rd
s
Qu
a
li
t
y
As
su
ra
n
c
e
in
T
VET’
,
M
a
n
il
a
,
t
h
e
P
h
il
i
p
p
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n
e
s,"
2
0
0
9
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
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/co
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.
[Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
2
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-
Au
g
-
2
0
1
9
].
[4
]
C.
Lo
g
li
,
"
Hig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
i
n
d
o
n
e
sia
:
Co
n
tem
p
o
ra
ry
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
in
g
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
,
a
c
c
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ss
,
a
n
d
q
u
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,"
in
T
h
e
Pa
lg
r
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v
e
Ha
n
d
b
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k
o
f
Asi
a
Pa
c
if
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Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
C.
S
.
C
o
ll
in
s,
M
.
N.
N.
L
e
e
,
J
.
N
.
H
a
wk
in
s,
a
n
d
D.
E.
Ne
u
b
a
u
e
r,
Ed
s.
Ne
w
Y
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rk
:
P
a
lg
r
a
v
e
M
a
c
mill
a
n
U
S
,
p
p
.
5
6
1
-
5
8
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
D.
S
u
li
sw
o
ro
,
R.
Na
sir,
a
n
d
I.
M
a
ry
a
n
i,
"
Id
e
n
ti
fica
ti
o
n
o
f
tea
c
h
e
rs’
p
ro
b
lem
s
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
o
n
fa
c
in
g
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
,"
I
n
t.
J
.
Res
.
S
t
u
d
.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
F
e
b
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
R.
Law
it
ta
,
L.
S
ih
a
l
o
h
o
,
a
n
d
J.
Ar
ian
ti
,
"
Vo
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
h
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
i
n
I
n
d
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n
e
sia
fa
ci
n
g
ASE
AN
Eco
n
o
m
ic
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
(AEC),
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
e
a
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h
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r T
ra
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n
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n
d
E
d
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ti
o
n
2
0
1
7
(ICT
T
E
2
0
1
7
)
,
2
0
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7
.
[7
]
D.
C.
Isra
e
l
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
T
h
e
ASE
AN
Eco
n
o
m
ic
Co
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
il
i
p
p
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.
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[9
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Co
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UK
,
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J
.
Ed
u
c
.
W
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rk
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.
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3
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2
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t
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[1
0
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R.
Ze
m
k
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R.
R.
G
ra
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Th
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ro
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f
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:
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ik
s
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c
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c
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M
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3
,
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4
5
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,
1
9
8
2
.
[1
1
]
J.
W.
Bu
rk
e
,
E
d
.
,
Co
mp
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te
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c
y
b
a
se
d
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d
u
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ti
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n
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tra
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g
.
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n
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;
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k
:
F
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lme
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P
re
ss
,
1
9
8
9
.
[1
2
]
A.
E.
Bu
rk
e
,
B
.
Be
n
so
n
,
R.
E
n
g
lan
d
e
r,
C
.
Ca
rra
c
c
io
,
a
n
d
P
.
J.
Hic
k
s,
"
Do
m
a
in
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f
c
o
m
p
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ten
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e
:
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ra
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b
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se
d
lea
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imp
ro
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2
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S
3
8
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,
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r
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2
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4
.
[1
3
]
M
.
Ku
ru
b
a
,
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C
o
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y
M
a
trix:
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by
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Co
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S
y
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m
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S
p
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2
0
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9
.
[1
4
]
In
d
o
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sia
-
Law
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th
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Na
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.
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[1
6
]
E.
S
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in
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sih
,
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imp
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2
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.
[1
7
]
R.
Oc
z
k
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ws
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a
,
S
.
W
iś
n
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sk
a
,
a
n
d
P
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ł
Lu
la,
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,"
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n
t.
J
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Qu
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l.
Res
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v
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l
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[1
8
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Th
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In
tern
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ti
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l
La
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I
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8
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A.
G
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De
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,"
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.
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st
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Ch
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.
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1
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T.
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.
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.
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.
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A.
Da
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In
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1
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In
ter
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.
[2
2
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J.
S
c
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.
,
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stru
c
tu
re
:
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first
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e
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t,
"
In
t.
J
.
Eme
rg
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T
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.
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3
]
J.
C.
Li
u
,
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S
.
Jo
h
n
,
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n
d
A.
M
.
B.
Co
u
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.
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o
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,
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4
]
A.
C.
Jo
h
n
,
"
Re
li
a
b
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d
v
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l
id
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ty
:
A S
in
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Qu
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U
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s,
"
2
0
1
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.
[2
5
]
R.
L.
M
c
Kin
ley
,
"
Re
v
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ti
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ti
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su
re
m
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n
t
,"
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.
Ed
u
c
.
M
e
a
s
.
,
v
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l.
2
4
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o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
8
2
-
1
8
4
,
1
9
8
7
.
[2
6
]
B.
H.
Co
h
e
n
,
Exp
l
a
in
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n
g
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
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ica
l
S
t
a
ti
stics
.
J
o
h
n
Wi
le
y
&
S
o
n
s,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
7
]
M
.
Nu
rtan
to
e
t
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l
., "
In
f
o
rm
a
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In
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n
p
a
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In
d
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0
1
9
.
[2
8
]
M
.
Nu
rta
n
to
,
S
.
Nu
rh
a
ji
,
D.
Wi
d
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rk
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.
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.
R.
Wi
jay
a
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n
d
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S
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,
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