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n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
b
y
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
u
n
it (
s
ch
o
o
l)
,
th
e
ai
m
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ch
o
o
l f
r
ee
d
o
m
in
ass
e
s
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
3
)
Pre
s
id
en
tial Reg
u
latio
n
(
P
erp
r
es
)
No
.
8
7
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
2
0
1
7
[
1
0
]
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
s
tr
e
n
g
th
en
in
g
o
f
ch
ar
ac
ter
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
is
s
ettin
g
r
elate
d
to
s
ch
o
o
l
a
u
th
o
r
ity
to
d
eter
m
in
e
f
iv
e
o
r
s
ix
d
ay
s
to
h
eld
lear
n
i
n
g
ac
tiv
ity
with
th
e
g
o
al
i
n
ea
ch
d
a
y
ad
d
ed
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
t
o
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t'
s
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
aim
ed
at
b
etter
ch
an
g
e,
th
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
a
v
er
y
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
t
o
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
y
et,
n
am
ely
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
I
t
is
h
am
p
er
in
g
th
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
ch
a
n
g
es
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
esear
ch
c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Mu
s
lim
[
1
1
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
itie
s
in
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
th
at
wer
e
n
o
t
ac
tiv
e,
cr
ea
tiv
e,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
,
a
n
d
f
u
n
lear
n
in
g
ca
u
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
lear
n
in
less
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
lack
o
f
en
th
u
s
iasm
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
o
b
s
tr
u
ctin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
i
tical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
M
u
s
lim
[
1
1
]
,
th
e
m
ain
ca
u
s
e
is
co
n
tex
tu
al
lea
r
n
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
im
b
alan
ce
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e,
af
f
ec
tiv
e,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
m
o
to
r
asp
e
cts in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
E
v
id
en
ce
o
f
th
e
u
n
s
atis
f
ied
im
p
ac
t
o
f
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
b
e
s
e
en
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
w
q
u
ality
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esian
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
ca
n
n
o
t
co
m
p
et
e
with
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
th
o
u
g
h
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
Ma
th
e
m
atics
in
d
ex
v
al
u
e
in
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Asi
an
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
2
0
1
9
o
b
tain
e
d
an
av
er
ag
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esian
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
n
ly
r
ea
ch
in
g
l
ev
el
1
(
th
e
m
o
s
t
b
a
s
ic)
.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
ch
as
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e
(
lev
el
5
)
,
T
h
ailan
d
(
lev
el
4
)
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
(
l
ev
el
3
)
,
an
d
Vietn
am
(
lev
el
2
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
i
n
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
q
u
ality
an
d
q
u
an
tity
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
o
b
tain
ed
a
n
av
e
r
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
3
9
6
p
o
in
ts
,
wh
ile
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ia
r
ea
ch
ed
3
9
8
p
o
in
ts
an
d
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
g
e
t
4
4
1
p
o
i
n
ts
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
f
o
r
all
s
ch
o
o
l
m
em
b
er
s
t
o
co
n
cu
r
r
en
tly
s
o
lv
e
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
b
y
m
ax
im
izin
g
all
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
m
ak
in
g
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
al
ch
an
g
es
b
etter
,
esp
ec
ially
in
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Facto
r
s
th
at
ca
n
cr
ea
te
ch
an
g
e
b
ased
o
n
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
s
tu
d
y
an
d
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
ar
e
p
o
liti
cs
[
1
3
-
15]
an
d
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
[
3
,
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
L
ea
d
er
s
h
ip
d
r
a
m
atica
lly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
R
ea
v
is
[
1
6
]
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
m
y
th
s
th
at
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
ch
an
g
es
o
n
ly
o
cc
u
r
wh
en
it
co
m
es
to
to
p
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
T
h
at
is
,
it
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
lead
er
s
h
ip
f
ac
t
o
r
s
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
[
3
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al'
s
lead
er
s
h
ip
to
d
ay
h
as
n
o
t
p
lay
ed
h
is
r
o
le
as
an
ac
tiv
ato
r
o
f
th
e
en
tire
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
s
ch
o
o
l
p
lan
s
;
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
t
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
an
d
h
is
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
ty
le
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
a
n
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
in
ter
ests
s
o
th
at
p
o
liti
ca
l
in
ter
ests
tar
n
is
h
th
e
task
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
wh
o
s
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
i
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
p
e
r
f
ec
t
h
u
m
an
.
T
h
e
p
o
liti
ca
l
asp
ec
t
b
elo
n
g
s
to
th
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Su
y
an
to
[
1
8
]
,
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
h
ea
d
m
a
s
ter
esp
ec
ially
o
f
ten
in
ter
s
ec
ts
with
p
o
liti
ca
l
asp
ec
ts
.
Pro
x
im
ity
to
th
e
r
eg
io
n
al
m
ay
o
r
o
r
r
eg
e
n
ts
b
ec
o
m
es
a
k
in
d
o
f
"
s
h
o
r
tcu
t
"
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
al.
T
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
a
r
e
ex
ce
lle
n
t
at
"tak
in
g
h
ea
r
t"
an
d
ar
e
in
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
-
lin
e
team
-
win
n
in
g
o
f
r
eg
en
ts
o
r
m
ay
o
r
s
,
will
co
m
f
o
r
tab
ly
b
e
ap
p
o
in
ted
as
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
als
ev
en
with
m
in
im
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
W
h
il
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
wh
o
ar
e
f
ar
f
r
o
m
p
o
wer
,
d
o
n
o
t
ex
p
ec
t
to
h
av
e
a
"m
ag
ic
ca
r
d
"
to
b
e
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
al
o
r
h
ea
d
m
aster
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
i
n
d
ee
d
s
ch
o
o
ls
’
p
r
in
cip
al
s
wh
o
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
ally
b
u
t
m
in
im
al
in
n
u
m
b
er
,
an
d
it c
an
e
v
e
n
b
e
co
u
n
ted
o
n
f
i
n
g
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
is
a
p
o
liti
ca
l
ass
et
f
o
r
th
e
r
eg
io
n
al
h
ea
d
.
T
h
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
in
ci
p
al
b
y
th
e
r
eg
io
n
al
h
ea
d
is
in
d
ee
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
er
it
s
y
s
tem
b
u
t
d
o
es n
o
t
r
u
le
o
u
t
p
o
liti
ca
l
in
ter
ests
.
No
t
o
n
ly
is
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
p
o
liti
ca
l
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
also
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
in
ter
ests
o
f
th
e
r
eg
io
n
al
h
ea
d
.
T
h
ey
ca
n
b
e
h
id
d
e
n
ca
m
p
aig
n
er
s
in
th
e
g
en
e
r
al
elec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
er
io
d
o
f
r
e
g
io
n
al
h
ea
d
s
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
is
also
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
teac
h
e
r
lo
y
alty
in
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
r
o
le
is
v
ital
in
elec
tio
n
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
f
o
r
in
c
u
m
b
en
t
ca
n
d
i
d
ates
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e
is
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
l
y
v
er
y
m
o
m
en
t
o
u
s
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
a
n
g
e
is
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
th
e
th
e
o
r
ies
o
f
Ho
y
&
Misk
el
[
1
4
]
;
M
u
m
b
y
[
1
5
]
;
a
n
d
Ar
is
to
tle
[
2
2
]
e
x
p
lai
n
in
g
t
h
at
p
o
liti
cs
in
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
is
an
ac
tiv
ity
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e,
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
,
p
o
we
r
,
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
als
wh
er
e
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
es
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
u
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
a
n
g
e
can
n
o
t b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t w
ith
o
u
t
p
o
liti
ca
l p
r
ac
tice.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ac
tices
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
esp
ec
ially
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
in
f
lu
en
ce
m
o
r
e
t
o
war
d
s
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
ter
ests
n
o
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
ce
r
em
o
n
ial
e
v
en
ts
ar
e
o
f
ten
h
eld
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
202
1
:
3
0
8
-
3
1
6
310
co
n
d
u
ct
im
ag
in
g
an
d
to
s
p
e
n
d
b
u
d
g
ets.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
u
n
to
u
ch
e
d
an
d
g
iv
es b
ir
th
to
h
u
m
an
p
r
o
d
u
cts
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t
s
cien
tific
ally
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
ally
q
u
alif
ied
.
Po
liti
ca
l
p
r
ac
tice
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
to
o
l
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
u
tu
al
s
u
cc
ess
,
n
o
t t
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
in
ter
ests
o
f
a
h
an
d
f
u
l o
f
p
eo
p
le.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
th
e
p
o
liti
ca
l
in
te
r
ests
,
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
C
u
ltu
r
e
h
as
m
ad
e
m
a
n
y
p
o
licies
o
r
s
y
s
tem
ch
an
g
es
in
p
r
o
d
u
c
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
i
n
c
ip
als.
On
e
o
f
th
em
is
th
e
es
tab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
Sch
o
o
l
Prin
cip
al
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
E
m
p
o
wer
m
en
t
I
n
s
titu
te
(
L
PP
KS
)
a
s
s
tip
u
lated
in
th
e
R
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
Min
is
ter
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
C
u
ltu
r
e
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
Nu
m
b
er
1
7
th
e
Yea
r
2
0
1
5
[
2
3
]
C
o
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
th
e
Or
g
an
izatio
n
an
d
W
o
r
k
Pro
ce
d
u
r
es
o
f
th
e
I
n
s
titu
te
f
o
r
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
E
m
p
o
w
er
m
en
t
o
f
Sch
o
o
l
Prin
cip
als.
L
PP
KS
h
as
th
e
ta
s
k
o
f
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
a
n
d
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
als.
W
ith
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
is
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
n
e
p
o
tis
m
p
r
ac
tices
in
th
e
a
p
p
o
in
tm
en
t
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
als
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
t
o
b
e
av
o
i
d
ed
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
o
licy
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
au
to
n
o
m
y
is
o
f
ten
a
b
ar
r
ier
to
av
o
id
in
g
p
r
ac
tical
p
o
liti
ca
l p
r
a
ctice
s
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
ar
ticle
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al's
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
th
e
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
eg
io
n
al
h
ea
d
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
at
SMPN
(
Pu
b
lic
Seco
n
d
ar
y
Sch
o
o
l
)
in
Ma
d
u
r
a,
n
am
ely
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
e
twee
n
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
c
h
an
g
e
u
s
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
(
SEM
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
t
o
b
e
a
r
e
co
m
m
en
d
atio
n
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
B
y
an
al
y
zin
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
o
liti
cs,
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
h
an
g
e
in
s
tate
ju
n
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
Ma
d
u
r
a,
it
c
an
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
th
at
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
lead
e
r
s
h
i
p
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
in
s
ch
o
o
l
s
.
Als
o
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
p
r
o
v
e
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
p
r
ac
tical
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ac
tices
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
ti
tu
tio
n
s
,
s
o
th
at
th
ey
ca
n
b
e
co
m
e
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t p
o
licy
m
ak
in
g
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t/re
s
ea
r
ch
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
Han
s
o
n
[
2
4
]
s
tated
th
at
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
is
th
e
p
r
o
c
ess
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
on
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
za
tio
n
al
g
o
als an
d
to
ad
ap
t to
g
lo
b
al
co
m
p
etitio
n
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
m
ain
th
in
g
s
o
r
elem
e
n
ts
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
,
s
u
ch
as
:
g
o
als,
id
ea
s
,
p
e
o
p
le,
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
to
b
e
u
s
ed
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
an
d
i
n
ter
r
elate
d
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Daf
t
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
[
2
5
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
al
ch
an
g
e
is
n
o
t
s
ep
ar
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
id
ea
s
,
tech
n
iq
u
es/b
eh
av
io
r
s
with
in
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
h
an
g
e
is
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
th
a
t
it
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
d
ir
ec
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
als.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
v
iews,
an
y
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
s
ep
ar
ated
f
r
o
m
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
wh
ich
s
tar
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
id
ea
s
,
tech
n
iq
u
es/
b
eh
av
io
r
s
,
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
lin
k
b
etwe
en
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
ch
an
g
e
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as th
e
im
p
lem
en
tat
io
n
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
to
war
d
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
[
2
6
]
.
C
h
an
g
e
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
tag
es
as
in
t
h
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
alwa
y
s
s
tar
ts
f
r
o
m
p
lan
n
in
g
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
en
d
s
with
an
ev
alu
atio
n
.
R
o
b
b
in
s
[
2
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
in
h
is
an
aly
s
is
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
e
e
s
tag
es
in
m
ak
in
g
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
es,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
u
n
f
r
ee
zi
n
g
,
n
a
m
ely
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
a
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
t
h
at
is
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
well
an
d
as we
ll
as
it
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
s
o
it
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ch
an
g
e
d
.
T
h
e
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
,
at
th
is
s
tag
e
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
m
ak
in
g
ch
a
n
g
es
with
in
n
o
v
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
v
alu
es,
attitu
d
es,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
o
th
e
r
s
th
at
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
t
h
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
,
s
o
it
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
d
o
n
e.
T
h
e
r
ef
r
ee
zin
g
,
a
s
tag
e
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
h
an
g
e
h
as
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
an
d
im
p
lem
en
te
d
f
o
llo
w
in
g
wh
at
ex
p
ec
ted
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
ch
an
g
es
th
at
o
cc
u
r
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
ain
tain
ed
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
.
I
t
is
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
o
f
R
o
g
er
s
[
2
8
]
,
wh
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
i
v
e
s
tep
s
o
f
ch
an
g
e,
n
a
m
ely
:
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
p
er
s
u
asio
n
,
d
ec
is
io
n
,
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
tep
s
ar
e
class
if
ied
in
to
a
p
h
ase,
n
a
m
ely
th
e
in
itiatio
n
p
h
ase
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
ath
er
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
,
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
,
a
n
d
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
c
h
an
g
e
a
n
d
d
i
r
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
m
ak
e
c
h
an
g
es.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase,
n
am
ely
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
in
clu
d
es
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
all
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
itiatio
n
p
h
ase.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
u
s
ed
s
am
p
le
f
r
o
m
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
a
wid
e
-
r
an
g
i
n
g
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
n
am
el
y
p
u
b
lic
ju
n
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
in
Ma
d
u
r
a,
E
ast
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
es
ca
u
s
al
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
i
s
in
ten
d
ed
to
e
x
p
lain
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
o
n
e
a
n
d
a
n
o
th
er
v
a
r
iab
le.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
an
aly
s
is
is
th
e
p
ath
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
i
ab
les
an
d
th
e
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
i
ab
le,
s
o
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
ca
u
s
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
t (
r
ec
ip
r
o
ci
ty
)
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
s
ch
o
o
l
s
am
p
le
as
th
e
u
n
it
o
f
an
al
y
s
is
,
wh
ich
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
ased
o
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
Kr
ejcie
an
d
M
o
r
g
a
n
'
s
T
ab
le
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
ar
e
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
f
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
n
am
ely
:
Sch
o
o
l
Prin
cip
als,
Sch
o
o
l
C
o
m
m
ittee
Ma
n
ag
er
s
,
T
ea
ch
er
s
,
Ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ativ
e
Per
s
o
n
n
el,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
d
etermin
a
n
t fa
cto
r
s
o
f sch
o
o
l o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
Ma
d
u
r
a
,
E
a
s
t J
a
va
...
(
Mo
ch
a
mma
d
R
o
z
ikin
)
311
an
d
Stu
d
e
n
ts
,
ea
ch
r
e
p
r
esen
te
d
b
y
o
n
e
p
er
s
o
n
ch
o
s
en
r
a
n
d
o
m
ly
.
So
,
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
is
6
5
0
f
r
o
m
1
3
0
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
ca
lled
Pro
p
o
r
tio
n
al
R
an
d
o
m
Sam
p
lin
g
Ar
ea
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e,
in
lin
e
with
Ker
lin
g
er
[
2
9
]
,
th
at
it
ca
n
p
r
esen
t
th
e
s
am
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
em
p
lo
y
in
g
a
ce
n
s
u
s
(
e
n
u
m
er
atio
n
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
wh
o
le
p
o
p
u
latio
n
)
at
a
m
u
ch
lo
wer
co
s
t,
m
u
ch
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
s
o
m
etim
es
with
g
r
ea
ter
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
u
n
it
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
th
at
th
e
f
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
d
eter
m
in
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
o
f
ea
ch
s
ch
o
o
l
,
s
o
t
h
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
f
iv
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
is
th
e
s
am
e
as th
e
s
am
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
co
llectin
g
d
ata
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
b
ased
o
n
a
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
g
r
id
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
L
i
k
er
t
s
c
ale.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
ar
r
an
g
e
d
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
f
i
v
e
s
ets
ea
ch
f
o
r
th
e
Prin
cip
al,
Sch
o
o
l
C
o
m
m
ittee
Ma
n
ag
er
s
,
T
ea
ch
e
r
s
,
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
Staf
f
,
an
d
Stu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
tatem
en
t
o
r
q
u
esti
o
n
ap
p
lies
to
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
with
o
u
t
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
,
th
e
c
o
n
ten
ts
o
f
wh
ich
r
ef
er
to
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
lattice.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
th
at
was
co
m
p
iled
was
th
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
a
tio
n
b
y
r
eq
u
esti
n
g
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
f
iv
e
ex
p
er
t
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t a
r
r
an
g
em
en
t
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
a
r
r
a
n
g
em
e
n
t
No
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
S
u
b
-
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
1
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
h
a
n
g
e
[
2
4
,
2
5
,
2
7
,
2
8
,
31
]
-
I
d
e
a
-
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
-
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
-
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
V
i
si
o
n
,
mi
ssi
o
n
,
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
.
R
o
l
e
,
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
,
A
d
h
o
c
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
/
c
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
,
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
y
,
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
.
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
,
c
o
m
mi
t
me
n
t
,
i
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
,
mo
r
a
l
.
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
e
q
u
i
p
me
n
t
.
2
P
o
l
i
t
i
c
[
12
,
14
,
22
,
32
]
-
C
l
o
se
t
o
t
h
e
man
a
g
e
r
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
-
B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
c
o
a
l
i
t
i
o
n
s
-
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss
-
B
l
a
mi
n
g
o
r
a
t
t
a
c
k
i
n
g
o
t
h
e
r
p
a
r
t
i
e
s
-
M
a
n
i
p
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
-
C
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
mai
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
a
g
o
o
d
r
e
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
D
o
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
u
l
e
r
,
h
a
v
e
a
g
o
o
d
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
u
l
e
r
.
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s,
b
u
i
l
d
a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
-
ma
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss.
G
i
v
e
r
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
b
l
a
me
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
.
P
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
m
a
n
i
p
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
st
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
M
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
a
g
a
i
n
st
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
r
s.
D
o
a
p
o
si
t
i
v
e
i
m
a
g
e
,
b
u
i
l
d
a
n
d
ma
i
n
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
g
o
o
d
n
a
me
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
3
Le
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
[
1
3
,
2
7
,
3
3
]
-
W
a
y
o
f
w
o
r
k
(
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
)
-
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
G
i
v
e
a
n
e
x
a
mp
l
e
,
g
u
i
d
e
,
a
n
d
l
i
a
i
s
o
n
memb
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
f
o
r
c
i
n
g
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
M
a
k
e
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
s
,
g
i
v
e
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
t
o
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms.
E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms
,
s
o
l
v
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
.
G
i
v
e
a
d
v
i
c
e
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
r
esear
c
h
o
b
je
ctiv
es,
d
ata
was
co
llected
,
tab
u
lated
,
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
d
es
cr
ip
tiv
ely
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
d
e
s
cr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
th
at
is
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
is
o
b
tain
ed
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
o
th
d
ir
ec
tly
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
tly
b
etwe
en
ex
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
v
a
r
iab
les
an
d
e
n
d
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
v
a
r
iab
les,
s
o
th
at
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
th
e
Stru
ctu
r
al
E
q
u
atio
n
M
o
d
el
a
n
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
th
at
co
m
b
i
n
es
elem
en
ts
o
f
b
o
th
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
,
k
n
o
wn
as
t
h
e
Stru
ctu
r
al
E
q
u
ati
o
n
Mo
d
el
[
3
0
]
,
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
b
e
u
s
ed
to
test
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
m
o
d
el.
Data
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
S
tr
u
ctu
r
al
E
q
u
atio
n
Mo
d
elin
g
(
SEM
)
was c
ar
r
ie
d
o
u
t w
ith
th
e
AM
OS f
o
r
t
h
e
W
in
d
o
ws s
o
f
twar
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
B
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
t
h
eo
r
y
an
d
r
esear
ch
,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
c
h
an
g
e
is
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
d
ir
ec
tly
a
n
d
in
d
ir
ec
tly
b
y
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
h
e
ad
m
aster
'
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ter
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in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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J
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stru
ctu
r
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m
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T
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tr
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al
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u
s
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g
AM
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o
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ed
t
h
e
r
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s
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p
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liti
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e
with
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4
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8
7
6
an
d
a
P
v
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o
f
0
.
0
0
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0
5
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
p
r
in
cip
al'
s
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ip
r
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le
in
cr
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ch
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d
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wev
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,
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ip
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etwe
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ch
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s
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ter
m
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3
s
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4
r
ev
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ts
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m
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f
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tu
ally
.
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3
.
T
h
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t
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SE
M
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Est
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Mo
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test
in
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Te
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7
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p
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4
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p
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an
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alt
h
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g
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MI
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e
is
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ite
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e
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in
cr
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b
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a
v
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0
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6
5
,
wh
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,
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icatin
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FI
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wh
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o
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is
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,
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last
is
C
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53
1
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at
it
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le
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en
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g
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e
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FI
r
esu
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o
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s
.
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in
th
e
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ar
s
im
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n
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f
it
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f
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d
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4
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b
o
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ar
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f
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m
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p
ted
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e
ca
u
s
e
th
e
v
alu
es a
r
e
at
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
0
-
1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
d
etermin
a
n
t fa
cto
r
s
o
f sch
o
o
l o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
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a
l c
h
a
n
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n
Ma
d
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r
a
,
E
a
s
t J
a
va
...
(
Mo
ch
a
mma
d
R
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ikin
)
313
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
O
r
g
an
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n
al
ch
a
n
g
e
will
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
a
n
d
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
with
th
e
in
f
lu
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ce
o
f
p
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liti
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l
p
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r
e
an
d
lead
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s
h
ip
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f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
c
ip
al
as
s
h
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wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
p
o
liti
ca
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p
r
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u
r
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an
d
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s
h
ip
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f
th
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ch
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l p
r
in
ci
p
al
ar
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
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n
ce
o
r
g
an
izati
o
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ch
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g
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
r
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lt o
f
th
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
T
h
is
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f
o
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ce
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
ev
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s
r
esear
ch
an
d
th
e
o
r
ie
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
Mu
m
b
y
[
1
5
]
;
Pieter
s
e
[
3
9
]
;
B
alo
g
u
n
an
d
Ho
p
e
-
Hailey
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
is
ex
p
lain
s
th
at
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
s
to
in
f
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o
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an
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al
p
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s
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el
i
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r
ep
ar
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m
a
k
in
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g
an
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n
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ch
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g
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ar
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p
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liti
ca
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p
r
ac
tices
ca
r
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o
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t
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y
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h
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t
h
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ities
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r
s
tak
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e
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at
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es o
r
g
an
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n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
Ar
is
to
tle
[
2
2
]
;
T
h
o
m
p
s
o
n
[
4
1
]
;
an
d
B
u
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k
e
[
4
2
]
ass
er
t
th
at
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
r
s
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ciety
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
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ar
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d
f
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m
p
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liti
cs,
b
ec
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s
e
h
u
m
an
s
as
m
em
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er
s
o
f
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an
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s
ar
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b
asically
"p
o
liti
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im
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,
th
at
is
,
o
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ly
with
in
an
o
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er
s
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
ca
n
liv
e
a
g
o
o
d
life
.
Fro
m
th
i
s
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
p
o
liti
cs
m
ea
n
s
an
eth
ical
ac
tiv
ity
r
elate
d
to
th
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
t
o
cr
ea
te
a
"d
ev
elo
p
e
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
"
.
T
h
at
ef
f
o
r
t
is
ca
lled
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
b
etter
.
B
as
ed
o
n
th
e
th
eo
r
y
an
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
ab
o
v
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
em
p
h
asized
th
at
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
r
p
r
ac
tice
with
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
at
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l in
Ma
d
u
r
a,
E
ast J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Ho
y
an
d
Misk
el
[
1
4
]
as
well
as
Mu
m
b
y
[
1
5
]
e
x
p
lain
ed
th
at
s
tr
ateg
ies,
b
eh
av
io
r
s
,
wo
r
k
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
in
f
lu
en
ce
in
d
iv
id
u
al
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
s
in
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
o
r
r
ea
lizi
n
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
ar
e
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ac
tices
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
ities
o
r
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
s
o
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
als
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
Hey
wo
o
d
[
13
]
also
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ated
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
th
at
p
o
liti
cs
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
is
an
ac
tiv
ity
in
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
in
wh
ich
th
er
e
is
a
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
is
e,
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
,
p
o
wer
,
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
als,
t
h
e
a
ctiv
ity
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
a
n
g
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t w
ith
o
u
t p
o
liti
ca
l p
r
ac
tice.
B
esid
es
b
ein
g
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
is
al
s
o
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
al.
T
h
es
e
r
esu
lts
in
lin
e
with
B
u
r
n
es
an
d
B
y
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
e
y
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
to
m
ak
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
ch
an
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
lead
er
s
h
ip
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
in
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
o
th
at
ch
an
g
es
o
cc
u
r
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
o
r
g
a
n
izati
o
n
al
ch
an
g
e
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
cc
u
r
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
al'
s
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al'
s
lead
er
s
h
ip
h
as
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
o
f
Her
o
ld
,
et
a
l
.
[
4
4
]
th
at
th
e
lead
er
b
ec
o
m
es
an
ag
en
t
o
f
ch
an
g
e
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
c
h
an
g
e
o
n
l
y
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
th
e
r
e
is
a
r
o
le
o
f
a
lead
er
.
L
ea
d
er
s
h
ip
as
a
m
aj
o
r
f
ac
to
r
in
m
a
k
in
g
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
i
s
also
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
b
y
th
e
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
in
cl
u
d
in
g
Pieter
s
e
[
3
9
]
;
B
alo
g
u
n
&
Ho
p
e
-
Hailey
[
4
0
]
;
C
h
ar
is
s
a,
et
a
l
.
[
4
5
]
;
W
h
ite
an
d
C
icm
il
[
4
6
]
,
w
h
ich
c
o
n
cl
u
d
ed
t
h
at
th
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
p
r
in
cip
les in
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e,
n
am
ely
: c
u
ltu
r
e
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
,
ca
p
ac
ity
b
u
ild
in
g
,
s
y
s
tem
s
th
in
k
in
g
,
a
n
d
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
f
o
r
s
u
c
ce
s
s
.
Of
th
e
f
o
u
r
p
illar
s
,
th
er
e
is
lead
er
s
h
ip
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
a
cto
r
s
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
le
ad
er
s
h
ip
to
g
et
h
er
will c
r
ea
te
b
etter
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
al'
s
le
ad
er
s
h
ip
ca
n
b
e
o
p
tim
al
if
al
l
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
ty
le
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
in
lead
in
g
.
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
R
eich
,
et
a
l
.
[
5
]
;
Gr
an
t
&
Ma
r
s
h
ak
[
6
]
;
Pieter
s
e,
et
a
l
.
[
3
9
]
;
Do
y
le
[
4
7
]
;
B
u
r
n
e
s
[
4
8
]
t
h
at
in
d
iv
id
u
al
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
in
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
s
ep
ar
ate
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
te
r
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
n
a
m
ely
p
er
s
o
n
al
n
ee
d
s
,
wo
r
k
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
an
d
task
d
e
m
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
lead
e
r
'
s
r
ea
ctio
n
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
f
o
r
ce
s
d
eter
m
in
es
h
o
w
well
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
wo
r
k
s
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
th
ese
f
o
u
r
f
o
r
ce
s
af
f
ec
t
in
d
iv
id
u
als
allo
ws
lead
er
s
to
b
eh
a
v
e
in
a
b
etter
o
v
er
all
m
an
n
er
with
o
th
er
s
.
B
ased
o
n
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
s
an
d
r
esear
ch
p
u
t
f
o
r
war
d
a
b
o
v
e,
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
ca
n
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
ak
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
h
an
g
es
to
a
u
s
ef
u
l
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
pub
lic
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
in
Ma
d
u
r
a,
E
ast
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
th
e
m
ain
f
ac
to
r
is
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al'
s
lead
er
s
h
ip
to
m
a
k
e
it h
ap
p
en
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ch
202
1
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6
314
Als
o
,
th
e
s
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cc
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o
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r
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an
iz
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ased
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n
o
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i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
wo
r
k
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
r
o
m
r
ef
o
r
m
er
s
to
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
lead
er
o
f
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
is
an
ag
en
t
o
f
ch
an
g
e
w
h
o
is
o
b
lig
ed
t
o
m
a
k
e
ch
a
n
g
es
to
h
is
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ch
an
g
e
a
g
en
ts
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
R
o
g
er
s
[
2
8
]
is
to
m
ak
e
m
em
b
e
r
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
awa
r
e
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
c
h
an
g
e
in
atti
tu
d
e
o
r
co
m
m
itm
en
t
t
o
ac
ce
p
t th
e
ch
an
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
b
y
co
m
p
il
in
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in
f
o
r
m
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n
t
o
b
e
co
n
v
ey
ed
,
id
en
tif
y
in
g
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
o
r
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an
izatio
n
al
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
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co
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v
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in
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t
h
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p
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ip
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ed
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u
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
ag
en
ts
o
f
in
n
o
v
at
io
n
a
n
d
r
ef
o
r
m
.
All
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o
f
ch
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th
at
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ec
o
m
e
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ch
o
o
l
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r
o
g
r
am
s
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in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
p
o
licies
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
o
u
r
ed
an
d
co
n
cr
eted
in
to
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
teac
h
in
g
an
d
l
ea
r
n
in
g
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
e
ch
a
n
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
if
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
al
ca
r
r
ies
an
d
lead
s
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
jo
in
tly
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
ch
an
g
e
wo
r
k
p
lan
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
s
ch
o
o
ls
’
p
r
in
cip
al
s
m
u
s
t
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
a
n
g
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
(
s
tr
ateg
ies
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
)
b
ef
o
r
e
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
al
c
h
an
g
e
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
as
an
a
g
en
t
o
f
r
ef
o
r
m
is
also
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
h
a
v
e
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
i
n
m
an
ag
in
g
a
n
d
cr
ea
tin
g
ch
a
n
g
e
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
n
am
ely
an
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
ch
an
g
es
th
at
ar
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
an
d
in
teg
r
ativ
e
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
is
n
o
t
lim
ited
to
ch
an
g
es
in
teac
h
er
p
er
s
o
n
n
el,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
taf
f
o
r
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
teac
h
in
g
-
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
p
ar
tially
b
u
t
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
ar
e
s
ee
n
as
an
in
s
ep
ar
a
b
le
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
ch
an
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
e
h
ea
d
m
aster
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
al
l
s
ec
tio
n
s
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
ely
s
o
th
at
all
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
ca
n
also
s
er
v
e
as a
g
en
ts
o
f
c
h
an
g
e
[
2
7
]
.
L
u
th
an
s
[
3
1
]
;
an
d
Ka¨
r
r
em
a
n
&
Alv
ess
o
n
[
5
0
]
r
ef
lect
th
e
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
r
esear
ch
th
at
h
av
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
h
an
g
e
,
n
a
m
ely
:
1
)
C
h
an
g
e
a
g
en
ts
m
u
s
t
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
y
s
tem
atic
ch
an
g
es
in
wo
r
k
s
ettin
g
s
as
a
s
tar
tin
g
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
ch
a
n
g
e
an
d
ch
an
g
es
in
in
d
iv
id
u
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
as
k
ey
m
ed
iato
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ch
an
g
es
in
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
r
esu
lts
.
2
)
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
s
in
d
icat
e
th
at
n
eg
ativ
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
ch
an
g
es.
I
n
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es,
an
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
ca
n
wait
f
o
r
c
h
an
g
es
in
n
eg
ativ
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
u
n
til
all
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ca
n
o
v
er
co
m
e
lear
n
in
g
b
ar
r
ier
s
o
r
h
av
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ad
a
p
ted
t
o
th
e
ch
an
g
es
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e.
3
)
W
ell
-
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
e
o
r
ies
m
u
s
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
etter
b
asis
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
m
e
r
ely
c
h
an
g
in
g
th
e
s
ty
le,
v
alu
es
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
o
ices
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ties
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
r
esu
l
tin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
p
o
liti
ca
l
v
ar
iab
les,
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
ch
a
n
g
e
m
ar
k
e
d
b
y
id
ea
s
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
u
ch
as
v
is
io
n
-
m
is
s
io
n
wh
ich
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
tim
es
an
d
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
cr
ea
tiv
ity
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
e
ac
h
p
r
o
g
r
am
an
d
h
av
e
a
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
at
ev
er
y
s
tep
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
ca
n
als
o
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
et
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
c
h
an
g
e.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
a
n
ew
d
ep
ar
tm
en
t
was
f
o
r
m
ed
to
o
v
er
s
e
e
ch
a
n
g
es,
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
f
o
r
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
ch
an
g
e,
a
n
d
th
e
r
o
le
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ea
ch
m
em
b
er
in
m
ak
in
g
ch
a
n
g
es.
T
h
e
ch
a
n
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
if
it
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
c
h
an
g
e
in
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
all
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
wh
ich
is
m
ar
k
ed
b
y
th
e
attitu
d
e
o
f
ac
ce
p
tin
g
ch
an
g
e,
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
m
a
k
in
g
ch
a
n
g
es,
an
d
h
a
v
in
g
th
e
m
o
r
al
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
ea
c
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
o
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
lized
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
ar
e
t
h
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
to
o
ls
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
aster
y
,
a
n
d
th
e
m
aster
y
o
f
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
e
ac
h
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
,
as su
p
p
o
r
t to
ad
ap
t to
th
e
tim
es.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
O
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
in
p
u
b
l
ic
ju
n
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
in
Ma
d
u
r
a,
E
ast
J
av
a
is
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
t
ed
b
y
th
e
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
e
g
io
n
al
h
ea
d
a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
ci
p
al'
s
lead
er
s
h
ip
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
ch
an
g
e
was
n
o
t
af
f
ec
ted
in
d
ir
ec
tly
b
y
p
o
liti
ca
l
p
r
ess
u
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
al.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
in
s
ch
o
o
l
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licy
d
ir
ec
tly
b
y
th
e
r
eg
io
n
al
h
ea
d
i
n
lead
in
g
h
is
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ics
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
s
o
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
c
h
an
g
e
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
p
r
o
p
e
r
l
y
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Hu
ss
e
y
,
D.E
.,
Ho
w
t
o
M
a
n
a
g
e
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
C
h
a
n
g
e
.
Lo
n
d
o
n
:
K
o
g
a
n
P
a
g
e
li
m
it
e
d
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
]
Lew
in
,
K
.
,
“
G
ro
u
p
De
c
isio
n
a
n
d
S
o
c
ial
C
h
a
n
g
e
,
”
in
Ne
wc
o
m
b
,
T
.
M
.
,
a
n
d
Ha
rtl
e
y
,
E
.
L
.
,
Ed
s.
Rea
d
in
g
s
i
n
S
o
c
i
a
l
Psy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
.
Ne
w Yo
rk
:
He
n
ry
H
o
lt
,
1
9
4
7
,
p
p
.
3
3
0
-
3
4
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
d
etermin
a
n
t fa
cto
r
s
o
f sch
o
o
l o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
a
l c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
Ma
d
u
r
a
,
E
a
s
t J
a
va
...
(
Mo
ch
a
mma
d
R
o
z
ikin
)
315
[3
]
F
o
rd
,
M
.
W
.
,
“
S
u
p
p
l
y
C
h
a
in
Qu
a
li
ty
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
Un
c
e
rtain
t
y
:
A
Co
n
ti
n
g
e
n
c
y
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,”
Qu
a
li
ty
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
Vo
l.
22
,
No
.
4
,
p
p
.
54
-
65
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
Alv
e
ss
o
n
,
M
.
a
n
d
D
Ka
¨rre
m
a
n
,
“
De
c
o
lo
n
izi
n
g
Disc
o
u
rse
:
Crit
ica
l
re
flec
ti
o
n
s
o
n
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
d
isc
o
u
rse
a
n
a
ly
sis
,”
Hu
ma
n
Rel
a
ti
o
n
s
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
Vo
l.
6
4
,
No
.
9
,
p
p
.
11
21
-
11
46
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
Re
ich
,
B.
H.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
Be
tt
e
r
Th
e
o
ry
A
b
o
u
t
P
ro
jec
t
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pro
jec
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
Vo
l
,
31
,
N
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
938
-
9
4
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
G
ra
n
t,
D.
a
n
d
M
a
rsh
a
k
,
R.
J
.,
“
T
o
wa
rd
a
Disc
o
u
rse
-
Ce
n
tred
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
C
h
a
n
g
e
,
”
T
h
e
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
Beh
a
v
io
u
ra
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Vo
l.
4
7
,
N
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
4
-
35
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
Arth
u
r
A.
T
h
o
m
p
s
o
n
,
A
.
J.
S
tri
c
k
lan
d
,
a
n
d
G
a
m
b
le,
J
.,
Cra
ft
i
n
g
a
n
d
Exe
c
u
ti
n
g
S
tr
a
teg
y
,
1
8
t
h
E
d.
M
c
G
ra
w
Hill
,
2
0
1
2
.
[8
]
M
in
ister
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Cu
lt
u
r
e
Re
g
u
latio
n
c
o
n
c
e
rn
in
g
No
4
4
/2
0
1
9
a
b
o
u
t
S
tu
d
e
n
t
A
d
m
issio
n
.
[9
]
M
in
ister
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Cu
lt
u
r
e
Re
g
u
latio
n
c
o
n
c
e
rn
in
g
No
4
/
2
0
1
8
a
b
o
u
t
S
t
u
d
y
As
sig
n
m
e
n
t
.
[1
0
]
P
re
sid
e
n
t
Re
g
u
latio
n
8
7
/
2
0
1
7
a
b
o
u
t
c
o
n
c
e
rn
in
g
Ch
a
ra
c
ter Bu
il
d
i
n
g
.
[1
1
]
M
u
slim
,
A
b
d
.
Qa
d
ir
,
“
T
h
e
De
c
li
n
in
g
Q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
Lea
rn
i
n
g
i
n
th
e
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
Lea
rn
i
n
g
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Ad
m
in
istratio
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
S
tu
d
y
P
ro
g
ra
m
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
A
d
m
in
istrati
v
e
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
”
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Bra
wij
a
y
a
,
Re
p
o
rt
o
n
th
e
Ac
tu
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
CP
NS
Ke
m
e
n
d
i
k
b
u
d
2
0
2
0
Ba
sic
Train
in
g
.
BB
P
K M
a
k
a
ss
a
r
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
2
]
M
in
ister
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Cu
lt
u
r
e
,
Ase
a
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Qu
a
li
ty
.
Ja
k
a
rta:
Web
site Ke
m
e
n
d
ik
b
u
d
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
He
y
wo
o
d
,
A
.
,
Po
li
ti
k
.
P
u
sta
k
a
P
e
laja
r
:
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
Ho
y
,
W
.
K.
a
n
d
M
is
k
e
l
,
C.
G
.,
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ad
mi
n
istra
t
io
n
:
T
h
e
o
ry
,
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
.
M
c
G
ra
w
-
Hill
:
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
5
]
M
u
m
b
y
,
D.K
.
,
“
P
o
we
r
a
n
d
p
o
li
ti
c
s
”
,
in
Ja
b
li
n
,
F
.
M
.
a
n
d
P
u
t
n
a
m
,
L.
L.
,
Ed
s
.
T
h
e
Ne
w
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Or
g
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
.
S
a
g
e
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
Lo
n
d
o
n
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
Re
a
v
is,
R.
D.,
G
ra
z
ian
o
,
P
.
A.,
Ke
a
n
e
,
S
.
P
.
,
a
n
d
Ca
lk
i
n
s,
S
.
D.
,
“
Th
e
Ro
le
of
Emo
ti
o
n
Re
g
u
lati
o
n
in
C
h
il
d
re
n
’s
Early
Ac
a
d
e
m
ic S
u
c
c
e
ss
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
h
o
o
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
-
19
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
7
]
Ke
ln
e
r,
S
.,
“
Hu
m
a
n
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
M
o
b
il
it
i
o
n
,”
Ce
n
ter
fo
r
Qu
a
l
it
y
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
S
u
m
m
e
r,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
1
,
p
p
.
25
-
43
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
8
]
S
u
y
a
n
to
.
,
Reflec
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
a
l
Refo
rm
i
n
In
d
o
n
e
sia
E
n
ter
i
n
g
t
h
e
In
d
u
stria
l
Ag
e
4
.
0
.
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta:
Ad
icita
,
201
7.
[1
9
]
Laz
a
r,
S
.,
“
P
e
rso
n
a
li
st
P
o
li
ti
c
s,
C
li
e
n
telism
a
n
d
Ci
ti
z
e
n
sh
i
p
:
L
o
c
a
l
El
e
c
ti
o
n
s
i
n
El
Alto
B
o
li
v
ia
,”
B
u
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
L
a
ti
n
Ame
ric
a
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
23
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
8
-
2
4
3
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
0
]
P
e
rss
o
n
,
A.,
An
d
e
rss
o
n
,
G
.
,
a
n
d
Nilsso
n
L
.
,
“
S
u
c
c
e
ss
fu
l
S
we
d
ish
He
a
d
m
a
ste
r
s
in
Ten
sio
n
F
ield
s
a
n
d
Alli
a
n
c
e
s
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
ip
i
n
Ed
u
c
a
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
53
-
72
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
1
]
P
iers
k
a
ll
a
,
J.
H.
a
n
d
S
a
c
k
s,
A.
,
“
P
e
rso
n
n
e
l
P
o
li
ti
c
s:
El
e
c
ti
o
n
s,
C
li
e
n
telisti
c
C
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Tea
c
h
e
r
Hirin
g
i
n
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,”
Bri
ti
sh
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
l
it
ica
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
23
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
Aristo
t
le,
P
o
li
ti
c
.
Ne
w Yo
rk
:
O
x
f
o
rd
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
P
re
ss
, 1
9
9
5
.
[2
3
]
M
in
ister
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
u
lt
u
re
Re
g
u
latio
n
No
1
7
/2
0
1
5
c
o
n
c
e
rn
in
g
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
Da
n
T
h
e
Wo
rk
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
re
o
f
th
e
P
ri
n
c
ip
a
l'
s De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Emp
o
we
rm
e
n
t
In
stit
u
te
.
[2
4
]
Ha
n
so
n
E
.
M
.,
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
A
d
min
istra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Beh
a
v
io
r
.
B
o
sto
n
:
All
y
n
a
n
d
Ba
c
o
n
,
1
9
9
6
.
[2
5
]
Da
ft,
R.
L.
,
Ne
w
Era
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
.
T
h
o
m
so
n
/S
o
u
t
h
-
Wes
tern
,
20
08.
[2
6
]
S
e
ty
a
d
i
n
,
B
.,
“
Re
latio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
O
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Lea
rn
i
n
g
,
S
c
h
o
o
l
O
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Cu
l
tu
re
,
Lea
d
e
rsh
ip
to
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Ch
a
n
g
e
,
”
Dise
rtatio
n
,
U
n
iv
e
rsitas
Ne
g
e
ri
M
a
lan
g
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
7
]
Ro
b
b
in
s,
S
P
.
a
n
d
J
u
d
g
e
,
Or
g
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
Beh
a
v
io
u
r
.
S
a
lem
b
a
Emp
a
t
,
Ja
k
a
rta
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
8
]
Ro
g
e
rs,
M
.
E
.,
Di
ff
u
si
o
n
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
,
5
t
h
E
d
.
Ne
w Yo
r
k
:
F
re
e
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
9
]
Ke
rli
n
g
e
r,
F
.
N.
,
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Beh
a
v
io
r
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
2
n
d
e
d
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
H
o
lt
Ri
n
e
h
a
rt
&
Wi
n
sto
n
.
I
n
c
,
1
9
7
3
.
[3
0
]
Ha
ir,
e
t
a
l
.
,
M
u
lt
iva
ri
a
te Da
ta
A
n
a
lys
is
,
7
t
h
E
d
.
P
e
a
rso
n
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
1
]
Lu
th
a
n
s,
F
.
,
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
Beh
a
v
i
o
u
r
.
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
rta:
AN
DI
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
2
]
Alb
re
c
h
t,
K
.,
Or
g
a
n
iza
t
io
n
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
:
A
n
g
k
a
sa
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
3
]
Yu
k
l,
G
.,
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
i
p
in
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
5
t
h
ed
.
Ja
k
a
rta;
P
T
In
d
e
k
s
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
4
]
F
lee
n
o
r,
J.
W
.
,
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
i
p
Ef
fec
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
C
u
lt
u
r
e
:
An
Exp
l
o
ra
t
o
ry
.
T
o
ro
n
to
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
5
]
S
c
h
re
u
d
e
r
,
J
.
,
“
Im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Cu
lt
u
ra
ll
y
Ba
se
d
As
su
m
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
Lea
d
e
rsh
ip
fo
r
t
h
e
P
r
o
c
e
ss
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
o
n
,”
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
&
Ad
mi
n
istra
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
62
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
37
-
61
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
6
]
Tro
m
p
e
n
a
a
rs,
F
.
a
n
d
Ch
a
rles
H.T
,
Ri
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
W
a
v
e
s
o
f
Cu
lt
u
re
(5
th
E
d
s)
.
Lo
n
d
o
n
:
Nic
h
o
las
Bre
a
ly
P
u
b
li
sh
i
n
g
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
7
]
S
e
n
g
e
,
P
.
M
.
,
T
h
e
Fi
ft
h
Disc
ip
li
n
e
:
T
h
e
Art
a
n
d
Pr
a
c
ti
c
e
o
f
T
h
e
L
e
a
rn
in
g
Or
g
a
n
iza
t
io
n
(
4
t
h
E
d
it
io
n
).
L
o
n
d
o
n
:
Ce
n
tu
ry
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
8
]
S
e
g
a
l,
M
.
,
P
o
i
n
ts o
f
I
n
fl
u
e
n
c
e
:
A
g
u
i
d
e
to
Us
in
g
Per
so
n
a
li
ty T
h
e
o
r
y
a
t
a
W
o
rk
(3
rd
E
d
it
i
o
n
)
.
S
a
n
F
r
a
n
sisc
o
:
Jo
ss
e
y
-
Ba
ss
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
9
]
J
.
H.
P
iete
rse
,
M
.
C
.
J.
Ca
n
iëls,
a
n
d
T
.
Ho
m
a
n
,
“
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
Dis
c
o
u
rse
s
a
n
d
Re
sista
n
c
e
t
o
C
h
a
n
g
e
,”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Or
g
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ch
a
n
g
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
6,
p
p
.
7
9
8
–
8
1
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
0
]
Ba
lo
g
u
n
,
J.
a
n
d
Ho
p
e
-
Ha
il
e
y
,
V
.,
Exp
lo
ri
n
g
S
tra
te
g
ic Ch
a
n
g
e
.
L
o
n
d
o
n
:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
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[4
1
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Th
o
m
p
s
o
n
,
J.
D
.,
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
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n
s
i
n
Actio
n
.
Ne
w Yo
r
k
:
M
c
G
ra
w
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Hi
ll
,
1
9
6
7
.
[4
2
]
Bu
rk
e
,
W
.
W
,
Or
g
a
n
iza
t
io
n
Ch
a
n
g
e
:
T
h
e
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ry
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
ti
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e
.
Th
o
u
sa
n
d
Oa
k
s,
CA:
S
a
g
e
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
3
]
Bu
rn
e
s,
B.
,
By
,
R.
T.
,
“
Lea
d
e
rsh
ip
a
n
d
C
h
a
n
g
e
:
Th
e
Ca
se
f
o
r
G
re
a
ter
Et
h
ica
l
Clarity
,”
J
B
u
s
Et
h
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
0
8
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p
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2
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8
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I
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[4
4
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He
ro
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d
,
D.,
F
e
d
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,
D.,
Ca
ld
we
ll
,
S
.
,
a
n
d
Li
u
Y
.,
“
Th
e
e
ffe
c
ts
Of
Tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
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d
Ch
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g
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Lea
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Emp
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s’
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o
m
m
it
m
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t
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C
h
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:
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M
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S
t
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y
,”
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
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Ap
p
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d
Psy
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o
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y
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v
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l.
92
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2
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.
3
4
6
-
357
,
2
0
0
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.
[4
5
]
F
re
e
se
,
C.
,
S
c
h
a
lk
,
R
.
,
a
n
d
Cro
o
n
,
M
.
,
“
Th
e
imp
a
c
t
o
f
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
o
n
p
sy
c
h
o
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ica
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c
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trac
ts:
A
lo
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g
it
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stu
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y
,
”
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Rev
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4
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4
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.
[4
6
]
Wh
it
e
,
G
.
a
n
d
Cicm
il
,
S
.,
“
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
Ac
q
u
isit
io
n
T
h
ro
u
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h
P
ro
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M
a
p
p
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g
:
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a
c
to
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c
ti
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P
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rfo
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a
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c
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W
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rk
-
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se
d
Ac
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,”
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t
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l
J
o
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rn
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f
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u
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ti
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a
n
d
Per
f
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M
a
n
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me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
65
,
n
o
.
3
,
pp.
3
0
2
-
323
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
7
]
Do
y
le,
M
.,
“
F
r
o
m
Ch
a
n
g
e
N
o
v
i
c
e
t
o
Ch
a
n
g
e
E
x
p
e
rt:
Iss
u
e
s
o
f
Lea
rn
in
g
,
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v
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m
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a
n
d
S
u
p
p
o
rt
,”
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so
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l
Rev
iew
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
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o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
6
5
-
481
,
2
0
0
2
.
[4
8
]
Bu
rn
e
s,
B
.,
M
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
g
e
:
A
S
tra
te
g
ic A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
Or
g
a
n
iz
a
t
io
n
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l
Dy
n
a
mic
s
.
Ha
rlo
w:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
,
2
0
0
4
.
[4
9
]
B
.
M
.
Ka
th
lee
n
,
T
h
e
Ven
d
o
r’s
R
o
le:
Assistin
g
C
u
sto
me
rs
wit
h
Ch
a
n
g
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
.
P
r
o
q
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st
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
0
]
D.
Ka
¨rre
m
a
n
a
n
d
M.
Al
v
e
ss
o
n
,
“
Re
sista
n
c
e
to
Ch
a
n
g
e
:
Co
u
n
ter
-
Re
sista
n
c
e
,
Co
n
se
n
t
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
li
a
n
c
e
i
n
a
Co
n
su
l
tan
c
y
F
irm,
”
Hu
ma
n
Rel
a
t
io
n
s
,
V
o
l.
6
2
,
No
.
8
,
p
p
.
11
15
-
11
44
,
2
0
0
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.