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d
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w
e
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2
3
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sc
a
les
w
e
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tak
e
n
in
to
c
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ti
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n
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h
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se
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t
a
w
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ted
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M
o
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A
d
m
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u
p
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c
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le
(
P
A
S
S
).
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sc
rip
ti
v
e
sta
ti
stics
,
c
o
rre
latio
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a
n
a
ly
sis,
m
u
lt
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le
re
g
re
ss
io
n
a
n
a
ly
sis,
a
n
d
p
a
t
h
a
n
a
ly
sis
we
re
u
se
d
in
d
a
ta
a
n
a
ly
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n
a
l
y
sis
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e
su
lt
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v
e
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l
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d
th
a
t
th
e
jo
b
m
o
ti
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ti
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n
p
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p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
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c
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w
e
r
e
h
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a
d
d
it
io
n
,
it
wa
s
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v
e
a
led
th
a
t
th
e
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
n
t
s
a
lso
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d
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s
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n
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n
ti
f
ica
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a
n
d
p
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d
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m
in
istrativ
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su
p
p
o
rt.
Co
rre
lati
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n
a
n
a
ly
se
s
y
ield
e
d
p
o
sit
iv
e
,
m
o
d
e
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te
a
n
d
sig
n
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n
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i
p
s
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e
tw
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e
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th
e
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se
a
rc
h
v
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riab
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.
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a
th
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n
a
ly
sis
u
n
c
o
v
e
re
d
th
a
t
p
e
rc
e
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e
d
a
d
m
in
istrativ
e
su
p
p
o
rt
h
a
d
a
“
p
a
rti
a
l
m
e
d
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g
”
ro
le
f
o
r
th
e
re
latio
n
s
h
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
jo
b
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
i
d
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
.
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se
d
o
n
re
se
a
rc
h
f
in
d
in
g
s,
it
w
a
s
c
o
n
c
lu
d
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
jo
b
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
o
n
tea
c
h
e
rs’
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
w
it
h
th
e
ir
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s
w
a
s
re
a
li
z
e
d
t
h
ro
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g
h
p
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d
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d
m
in
istrativ
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su
p
p
o
rt,
a
lb
e
it
p
a
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a
ll
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
J
o
b
m
o
tiv
atio
n
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
id
e
n
ti
f
icatio
n
P
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
T
ea
ch
er
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
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n
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c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
c
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n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Gö
k
çe
Özd
e
m
ir
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
N
izip
,
Gaz
ian
tep
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
Gaz
ian
tep
,
T
u
r
k
e
y
.
E
m
ail:
g
o
zd
e
m
ir
3
8
2
@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
o
r
g
an
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n
al
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
h
a
v
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b
ec
o
m
e
a
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
in
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
l
y
co
m
p
etit
iv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
za
tio
n
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
with
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
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n
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
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g
th
eir
s
e
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s
e
o
f
o
r
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an
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co
m
m
it
m
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t
an
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p
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v
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t
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ir
in
te
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w
it
h
th
e
o
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is
i
m
p
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ta
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t
in
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
o
r
g
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n
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al
g
o
als
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
w
a
y
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
f
ee
l
an
d
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
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th
e
y
ar
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
is
s
h
ap
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
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i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
attit
u
d
e
s
an
d
b
elie
f
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
r
g
an
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n
[
2
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
alleg
ed
th
at
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
it
h
a
h
i
g
h
lev
e
l
o
f
o
r
g
an
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n
a
l
id
en
ti
f
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n
w
i
ll
f
ee
l
lo
y
al
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
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io
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
ef
e
n
d
in
g
th
e
ai
m
s
an
d
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
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n
.
Hall,
Sch
n
ei
d
er
&
Ny
g
r
e
n
s
tated
th
at
o
r
g
an
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a
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id
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d
b
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t
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i
n
d
iv
id
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a
n
d
th
e
o
r
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n
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as
a
r
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u
lt
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f
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i
n
d
iv
id
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s
’
ad
o
p
tin
g
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
s
,
ai
m
s
an
d
o
b
j
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tiv
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o
f
t
h
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in
s
tit
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tio
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f
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if
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h
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o
w
n
v
al
u
es,
g
o
als
an
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
[
3
]
.
T
h
at’
s
w
h
y
,
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
e
x
p
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s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8822
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
5
3
9
-
547
540
g
o
als
w
it
h
th
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
.
W
ith
in
t
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
it
w
il
l
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
t
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
d
ir
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
attit
u
d
es
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
to
w
ar
d
s
w
o
r
k
an
d
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
o
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
ca
n
cr
ea
t
e
h
u
m
a
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
’
s
o
w
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
th
e
m
d
esira
b
l
y
[
1
]
.
I
t
is
a
g
en
er
al
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
w
h
o
id
en
ti
f
ie
s
h
i
m
s
el
f
/
h
er
s
e
l
f
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
/
h
e
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
w
ill
m
ak
e
ev
er
y
ef
f
o
r
t
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
als
an
d
d
ef
en
d
h
is
/
h
er
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
in
ev
er
y
o
cc
asio
n
.
A
ll
th
e
s
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
w
il
l
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
c
r
ea
tio
n
o
f
w
o
r
k
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
to
b
e
d
esira
b
le
b
y
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
l
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icat
io
n
.
T
h
at’
s
w
h
y
;
h
u
m
an
b
ei
n
g
s
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
th
e
o
r
g
an
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io
n
al
ac
ti
v
itie
s
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
clai
m
ed
th
a
t
th
e
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
w
it
h
r
eg
ar
d
to
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
p
eo
p
le
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
m
as
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
h
u
m
a
n
f
ac
t
o
r
ca
u
s
ed
th
e
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
t
io
n
an
d
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
Mo
ti
v
atio
n
,
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
k
ee
p
s
p
eo
p
le
aliv
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
b
ilizi
n
g
t
h
e
m
,
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
w
is
h
es
a
n
d
d
esire
s
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
i
n
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
p
r
e
-
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
in
d
iv
id
u
al
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
go
als
[
4
]
.
A
s
t
h
e
m
o
tiv
a
ted
in
d
iv
id
u
al
w
i
ll
en
j
o
y
d
o
in
g
th
e
j
o
b
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
s
el
f
-
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
w
il
l
also
in
cr
ea
s
e.
Ser
ca
n
als
o
n
o
ted
th
at
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
w
it
h
h
ig
h
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
w
ill
h
a
v
e
h
i
g
h
er
lev
el
s
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
t
h
eir
g
o
als
[
5
]
.
J
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
is
an
i
n
ter
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
cr
ea
tin
g
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
w
illi
n
g
n
e
s
s
an
d
m
o
b
il
izin
g
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
als,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
f
u
l
f
il
m
en
t
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
n
ee
d
s
[
6
,
7]
.
Mo
tiv
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
f
o
r
ce
s
to
co
n
d
u
ct
p
o
s
iti
v
el
y
to
w
ar
d
s
w
o
r
k
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
t
h
e
m
w
it
h
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
i
n
ter
n
al
a
n
d
e
x
ter
n
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
Mo
tiv
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t d
eter
m
i
n
an
t
o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
ee
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
h
as
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
d
o
in
g
t
h
e
b
est,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
q
u
al
it
y
s
er
v
ic
es,
b
ein
g
h
ap
p
y
to
b
e
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
attitu
d
e
s
.
Mo
tiv
atio
n
h
as
t
w
o
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
tu
r
es.
P
r
i
m
ar
il
y
,
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
i
s
s
o
m
e
th
i
n
g
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
,
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
l
y
,
it
is
an
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
[
8
]
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
t
h
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
ies
o
n
m
o
t
iv
atio
n
s
i
n
ce
th
e
1
9
0
0
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
af
ter
1
9
3
0
s
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
o
n
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
th
eo
r
ies
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
m
o
ti
v
a
tio
n
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
u
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
[
9
,
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
ies
atte
m
p
ti
n
g
to
e
x
p
lain
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
atio
n
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
co
n
te
n
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
eo
r
ies.
C
o
n
te
n
t
t
h
eo
r
ies
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
tr
y
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
e
n
ci
n
g
o
n
e
’
s
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
ese
th
eo
r
ies
ar
g
u
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
d
eter
m
i
n
an
t
in
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
is
th
e
cr
ea
ted
w
o
r
k
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
P
r
o
ce
s
s
th
eo
r
ies,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
lead
in
g
to
th
e
i
n
i
tiatio
n
a
n
d
m
ai
n
te
n
an
ce
o
f
b
eh
av
io
u
r
.
T
h
ese
th
eo
r
ies
f
o
cu
s
s
p
ec
i
f
icall
y
o
n
th
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
u
n
d
er
l
y
in
g
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
[
9
]
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
th
at
b
o
th
c
o
n
ten
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
eo
r
ies
ar
e
m
ain
l
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
h
ap
p
in
es
s
an
d
d
esire
o
f
d
o
in
g
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
in
th
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
f
t
h
e
m
o
t
iv
at
io
n
ele
m
en
ts
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
to
k
ee
p
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
w
illi
n
g
n
e
s
s
t
o
d
o
b
u
s
in
es
s
ali
v
e,
p
eo
p
le
w
ill
f
ee
l
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le,
r
eg
ar
d
th
e
m
s
elv
e
s
a
s
a
w
o
r
th
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
,
a
n
d
th
u
s
t
h
e
y
d
ev
e
lo
p
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
in
t
h
eir
s
t
u
d
y
,
C
h
r
i
s
te
n
,
I
y
er
&
So
b
er
m
a
n
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
h
ad
a
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
v
ar
i
ab
les
s
u
ch
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
a
n
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
w
h
ile
Ho
u
s
to
n
a
s
s
er
ted
th
a
t
m
o
ti
v
ati
o
n
w
a
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
o
n
t
h
e
attit
u
d
es a
n
d
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
to
w
ar
d
s
w
o
r
k
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
.
P
atch
en
f
ir
s
tl
y
u
s
ed
th
e
co
n
c
ep
t
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
ic
atio
n
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
,
lo
y
alt
y
an
d
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
iz
atio
n
[
1
4
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
n
,
it
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
ee
n
p
o
s
s
ib
l
e
to
r
ea
ch
a
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
d
ef
in
it
io
n
s
al
th
o
u
g
h
m
an
y
o
f
th
e
m
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
o
f
f
er
ed
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
asp
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
,
id
en
tific
atio
n
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
’
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
h
i
m
s
el
f
/
h
er
s
el
f
w
it
h
h
is
/h
er
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
s
a
w
h
o
le,
a
n
d
m
atc
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
a
l
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
als
w
i
th
ea
c
h
o
th
er
to
a
lar
g
e
ex
te
n
t.
I
d
en
ti
f
icatio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
c
ep
ts
b
ased
o
n
s
o
cial
id
en
tit
y
t
h
eo
r
y
[
1
5
]
.
So
cial
id
en
tit
y
t
h
eo
r
y
,
w
h
ic
h
is
d
ef
i
n
e
d
as
th
e
attitu
d
es
w
it
h
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
,
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as
th
e
s
el
f
-
co
n
ce
p
t
th
a
t
d
ev
e
lo
p
s
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
’
s
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
th
e
v
alu
e
an
d
e
m
o
tio
n
al
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
s
o
m
eo
n
e
at
tach
e
s
to
th
is
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
h
ip
.
Ma
el
&
A
s
h
f
o
r
th
,
v
o
iced
th
at
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
l
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
h
as
a
co
g
n
i
tiv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
u
n
lik
e
e
m
o
tio
n
a
l
an
d
b
eh
av
io
u
r
al
a
s
p
ec
ts
,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
n
d
class
i
f
icatio
n
s
an
d
t
h
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
d
ef
i
n
e
th
e
m
s
e
lv
e
s
an
d
t
h
e
ir
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
as
a
w
h
o
le
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
eir
s
el
f
-
estee
m
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
eir
ten
d
en
c
y
to
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
eir
s
o
c
ial
id
en
titi
es
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
[
1
6
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
B
u
ch
an
a
n
,
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
i
s
an
a
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
i
n
d
eter
m
i
n
i
n
g
h
i
s
/
h
er
o
w
n
r
o
le
in
th
e
r
ea
li
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ai
m
s
a
n
d
v
al
u
es
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
in
id
e
n
ti
f
icati
o
n
,
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
t
o
d
o
th
eir
ac
tio
n
s
v
o
lu
n
tar
il
y
w
h
ile
d
o
in
g
t
h
eir
j
o
b
in
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
,
b
elie
v
e
in
th
e
ai
m
s
a
n
d
v
alu
e
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
a
n
d
te
n
d
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
h
is
/
h
er
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
id
en
tif
ic
atio
n
,
th
e
v
alu
e
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
g
o
als
an
d
b
elief
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
th
at
is
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
cu
lt
u
r
e,
w
ill
b
e
in
ter
n
alize
d
b
y
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al,
an
d
th
u
s
th
e
id
en
t
if
ica
tio
n
i
s
r
ea
lized
[
17]
.
T
h
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
id
en
ti
f
ica
tio
n
w
it
h
t
h
eir
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
h
av
e
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
lace
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
cie
n
ti
s
ts
d
u
e
to
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
b
ein
g
a
d
eter
m
in
a
n
t
o
f
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
h
u
m
a
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
p
o
lic
ies
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
ca
n
s
a
y
t
h
at
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541
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co
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ce
p
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g
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.
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s
w
h
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id
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l
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w
it
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titu
tio
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w
h
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s
/h
e
w
o
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k
s
,
b
u
t
also
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d
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r
o
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o
r
g
a
n
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d
ev
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p
m
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t
ac
t
iv
it
ies,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
tr
ate
g
ies
an
d
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
o
cializa
tio
n
.
I
d
en
tif
icat
io
n
,
as
an
o
r
g
a
n
iz
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n
al
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
,
is
th
e
b
asi
c
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
a
n
d
co
n
s
tit
u
te
s
th
e
i
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
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r
ev
ie
w
ab
o
u
t
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
id
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n
ti
f
ic
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,
it
w
a
s
f
o
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n
d
to
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
tr
u
s
t,
co
m
m
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m
e
n
t,
m
o
t
iv
at
io
n
,
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
a
tiv
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
m
o
t
iv
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
w
h
o
esp
ec
iall
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
eir
m
a
n
ag
er
s
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
th
e
y
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
cr
ea
tiv
e,
th
eir
co
u
r
ag
e
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
h
a
v
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
an
d
th
eir
s
k
il
ls
to
b
u
ild
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
h
a
v
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
ad
m
in
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
w
h
ic
h
r
ef
er
s
to
p
o
s
itiv
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
er
an
d
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
m
an
a
g
er
s
’
allo
w
i
n
g
to
e
m
er
g
e
n
e
w
ta
le
n
ts
,
s
h
ar
e
au
t
h
o
r
it
y
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
ac
tiv
i
ties
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
eir
ex
is
t
in
g
s
k
ills
w
h
il
e
en
g
a
g
i
n
g
i
n
ac
ti
v
itie
s
f
o
r
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
n
e
w
s
k
ill
s
[
2
0
,
21]
.
E
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
w
h
o
f
e
el
th
at
t
h
e
y
r
ec
ei
v
e
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
ill
f
ee
l
w
o
r
th
y
,
t
h
eir
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
a
n
d
w
il
l
in
g
n
es
s
to
d
o
b
u
s
in
es
s
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e
an
d
t
h
e
y
w
il
l
s
tr
iv
e
m
o
r
e
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
[
2
2
]
.
A
d
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
af
f
ec
ts
m
an
y
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
l
b
eh
av
io
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
,
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
an
d
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
P
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
b
as
ed
o
n
s
o
cial
c
h
an
g
e,
lead
er
-
m
e
m
b
er
e
x
c
h
an
g
e,
a
n
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
tr
ac
t
th
eo
r
ies.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
t
h
e
o
r
y
o
f
s
o
cial
c
h
a
n
g
e,
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
ates
w
h
o
ar
e
f
i
n
an
cia
ll
y
a
n
d
m
o
r
all
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
eir
m
a
n
ag
er
s
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
lev
e
l
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
as
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
m
o
r
e
in
ti
m
ate
an
d
s
in
ce
r
e
ties
w
it
h
th
eir
m
a
n
ag
er
s
[
2
3
,
2
4
]
.
L
ea
d
er
-
m
e
m
b
er
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
th
eo
r
y
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
d
u
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
lead
er
an
d
h
is
/h
er
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
ates.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
is
t
h
eo
r
y
,
h
i
g
h
q
u
alit
y
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
,
h
i
g
h
le
v
e
l
o
f
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
,
h
i
g
h
le
v
el
o
f
tr
u
s
t
a
n
d
r
esp
ec
t,
m
u
t
u
al
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
a
n
d
tr
u
s
t
e
m
er
g
e
a
s
t
h
e
r
o
les
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
m
e
m
b
er
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
eir
in
ter
ac
tio
n
w
it
h
th
eir
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
[
2
5
,
26]
.
Fin
all
y
,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
tr
ac
t
th
eo
r
y
,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
p
ar
t
o
f
s
o
cial
ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
eo
r
y
,
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
u
n
w
r
itte
n
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
m
u
t
u
al
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
b
et
w
e
en
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
an
d
e
m
p
lo
y
er
s
[
2
7
]
.
P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
co
n
tr
ac
t
i
s
t
h
e
att
itu
d
e
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
j
o
b
an
d
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
er
s
a
n
d
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
er
s
’
attit
u
d
e
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
j
o
b
an
d
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
[
2
8
,
2
9
]
.
Ma
n
ag
er
b
eh
av
io
r
s
h
a
v
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
o
r
n
eg
at
iv
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
an
a
g
er
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
a
w
ar
e
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
o
n
t
h
eir
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
a
n
d
ex
h
ib
it
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
Als
o
,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
ig
n
o
r
ed
th
at
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
f
ee
li
n
g
o
f
w
o
r
th
w
h
i
le
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
iz
i
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
ar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
t
h
ei
r
m
an
a
g
er
s
w
i
ll
cr
ea
te
w
ill
in
g
n
es
s
to
d
o
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
eir
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
B
ab
in
&
B
o
les,
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
an
d
d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
w
o
r
k
-
r
elate
d
e
f
f
o
r
ts
b
y
t
h
e
m
an
a
g
er
w
ill
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
e
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
to
th
eir
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
tific
atio
n
a
n
d
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
3
0
]
.
R
e
g
ar
d
in
g
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
a
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
it
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
an
a
g
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
k
n
o
w
w
h
at
t
h
e
y
n
ee
d
to
d
o
in
th
i
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
t
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
o
f
b
eh
av
io
r
s
a
n
d
r
ea
lize
t
h
at
e
v
er
y
o
n
e
h
a
s
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
n
d
n
ee
d
s
.
Her
zb
er
g
,
s
tated
th
at
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
g
i
v
e
th
e
ir
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
ates
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
eir
tale
n
ts
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
m
to
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
at’
s
w
h
y
,
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
an
d
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
a
l
v
alu
e
s
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
,
w
h
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
ac
r
i
f
ice
an
d
h
ig
h
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
m
it
m
en
t,
th
e
e
m
o
tio
n
s
an
d
e
x
cite
m
e
n
t
o
f
teac
h
er
s
m
u
s
t
al
s
o
b
e
k
ep
t
aliv
e.
T
h
e
co
n
ti
n
u
it
y
o
f
teac
h
er
s
’
w
i
lli
n
g
n
es
s
a
n
d
h
ap
p
in
es
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
t
h
eir
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
m
a
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
f
ee
li
n
g
o
f
b
ein
g
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
in
th
e
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
d
o
in
g
th
e
j
o
b
w
it
h
e
n
t
h
u
s
ia
s
m
,
f
ee
l
in
g
t
h
at
th
e
y
ar
e
w
o
r
th
w
h
i
le,
an
d
t
h
u
s
i
n
te
g
r
ati
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
a
y
,
th
e
y
ca
n
r
eg
ar
d
th
e
m
s
el
v
e
s
as
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
b
o
th
th
eir
jo
b
an
d
th
eir
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
at
’
s
w
h
y
,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
m
ee
ti
n
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
,
b
u
t
al
s
o
k
n
o
w
in
g
t
h
at
th
e
y
ar
e
allo
ca
ted
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
a
u
t
h
o
r
it
y
,
f
ee
lin
g
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
at
th
e
y
ar
e
ac
ce
p
ted
b
y
t
h
eir
co
lleag
u
es
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
o
f
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
m
ak
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
r
ea
lize
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
iz
atio
n
al
g
o
al
s
[
3
3
]
.
I
t
is
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
th
a
t
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
il
l
g
iv
e
teac
h
er
s
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
w
ar
e
o
f
th
eir
attitu
d
es
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
,
an
d
w
i
ll
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ata
o
n
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
teac
h
er
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
an
d
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ativ
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
o
n
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
I
t
is
b
eliev
ed
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lt
s
w
ill
g
u
id
e
th
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
w
h
ile
m
ak
in
g
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
l
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
p
lan
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
is
ex
p
ec
ted
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
y
w
ill
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
as
th
er
e
is
n
o
th
r
ee
-
v
ar
iab
le
s
t
u
d
y
r
elate
d
to
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
a
t
io
n
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
e,
th
e
ai
m
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
w
as
to
d
eter
m
in
e
teac
h
er
s
’
o
p
in
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
at
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n
,
o
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an
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o
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f
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an
d
p
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m
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n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
w
h
eth
er
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
h
as
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i
f
ica
n
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icat
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p
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ce
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ed
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
5
3
9
-
547
542
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h desi
g
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
w
as
d
esi
g
n
ed
as
a
q
u
an
titati
v
e
r
esear
ch
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
,
co
u
n
ted
,
an
d
o
f
ten
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
co
n
cr
ete
w
o
r
d
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
r
elatio
n
al
s
u
r
v
e
y
m
o
d
el,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
q
u
a
n
tita
tiv
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
w
a
s
u
s
ed
.
R
ela
tio
n
al
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
esear
ch
ar
e
th
o
s
e
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
v
ar
iab
les
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
w
as
d
esi
g
n
ed
in
a
r
elatio
n
a
l
s
u
r
v
e
y
m
o
d
el
as
it
w
as
att
e
m
p
ted
to
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
a
ti
o
n
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ex
ec
u
t
iv
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
2
.
2
.
Study
g
ro
up
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
3
2
0
k
i
n
d
er
g
ar
te
n
teac
h
er
s
in
3
0
4
s
ch
o
o
ls
lo
c
ated
in
1
3
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
c
h
o
o
l
d
is
tr
icts
in
Ş
ah
in
b
e
y
/Gaz
ia
n
tep
.
No
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
w
a
s
tak
e
n
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
th
e
s
ca
les
w
er
e
ap
p
lied
to
all
3
2
0
k
in
d
er
g
ar
te
n
teac
h
er
s
in
3
0
4
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
5
0
o
f
th
e
s
ca
les
w
er
e
n
o
t
r
et
u
r
n
ed
an
d
3
7
o
f
th
e
m
w
er
e
ex
c
lu
d
ed
as
th
e
y
w
er
e
n
o
t
f
illed
i
n
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
A
to
tal
o
f
2
3
3
s
ca
les
w
er
e
tak
e
n
in
t
o
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
is
.
2
6
(
1
1
.
2
%)
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
er
e
m
ale
an
d
2
0
7
(
8
8
.
8
%)
w
er
e
f
e
m
ale.
Of
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
1
6
(
6
.
9
%)
w
er
e
ag
ed
2
4
an
d
u
n
d
er
,
7
4
(
3
1
.
8
%)
w
er
e
b
et
w
ee
n
2
5
-
3
0
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
,
9
5
(
4
0
.
8
%)
w
er
e
b
et
w
ee
n
3
1
-
40
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
,
an
d
4
8
(
2
0
.
6
%)
w
e
r
e
4
1
y
ea
r
s
a
n
d
o
ld
er
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
1
6
(
6
.
9
%)
o
f
th
e
p
ar
tici
p
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
h
ad
1
-
y
ea
r
,
7
4
(
3
1
.
8
%)
h
ad
2
-
5
y
ea
r
s
,
9
5
(
4
0
.
8
%)
h
ad
6
-
1
0
y
e
ar
s
,
an
d
4
8
(
2
0
.
6
%)
h
ad
1
1
an
d
m
o
r
e
y
ea
r
s
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
en
io
r
it
y
.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n ins
t
ru
m
e
nts
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
ata
w
er
e
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
,
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
id
e
n
ti
f
icatio
n
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t scale
s
.
a.
J
o
b
m
o
tiv
atio
n
s
ca
le
T
h
e
s
ca
le
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
Yı
l
m
az
,
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
4
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
1
4
ite
m
s
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
J
MS
is
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
-
t
y
p
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
“n
o
t
s
atis
f
ied
at
all’
to
‘
co
m
p
letel
y
s
atis
f
ied
’
.
I
n
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
Yıl
m
az
f
o
u
n
d
th
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
ca
le
a
s
.
8
1
,
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
tea
m
co
h
esio
n
a
s
.
7
1
,
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
j
o
b
in
teg
r
at
i
o
n
as
.
6
9
,
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
co
r
p
o
r
ate
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
a
s
.
6
6
,
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
a
s
.
6
3
.
W
ith
in
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
a
lp
h
a
o
f
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
ca
le
w
as
e
s
ti
m
ated
to
b
e
.
9
6
,
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
tea
m
co
h
e
s
io
n
.
8
7
,
t
h
e
s
u
b
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
j
o
b
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
.
8
5
,
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
co
r
p
o
r
ate
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
as
.
8
3
,
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t .
8
3
.
b.
Or
g
a
n
iza
tio
n
al
id
e
n
ti
f
icatio
n
s
ca
le
T
h
e
s
ca
le,
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
ad
ap
ted
to
T
u
r
k
is
h
b
y
L
o
ğ
a,
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
1
1
item
s
i
n
o
n
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
OI
S
is
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
-
t
y
p
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
th
e
p
o
in
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
‘
to
tall
y
d
i
s
ag
r
ee
’
an
d
‘
to
tal
l
y
ag
r
ee
’
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ca
le
w
as
.
8
7
,
it w
as
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
.
8
6
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
esen
t s
tu
d
y
.
c.
P
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t scale
T
h
e
s
ca
le,
w
h
ich
w
a
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
Ko
ttk
e
&
S
h
ar
af
i
n
s
k
i
(
1
9
8
8
)
,
an
d
tr
an
s
lated
in
to
T
u
r
k
i
s
h
a
n
d
ad
ap
ted
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
etti
n
g
s
b
y
Özd
e
m
ir
,
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
o
n
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
an
d
1
4
ite
m
s
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
P
A
SS
is
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
-
t
y
p
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
to
o
l
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
‘
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
is
a
g
r
ee
’
to
‘
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e’
.
T
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
e
s
ti
m
ated
as .
9
6
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
.
9
4
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
SP
SS
2
2
.
0
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ac
k
a
g
e
w
a
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
d
ata
an
d
L
I
S
R
E
L
8
.
8
0
w
a
s
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
a
tio
n
m
o
d
elli
n
g
.
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
w
er
e
esti
m
ated
to
d
es
cr
ib
e
th
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
c
h
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
.
T
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
ele
v
an
t
m
eth
o
d
s
h
o
u
ld
f
ir
s
t
b
e
test
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
et
h
er
s
tatis
tical
m
e
th
o
d
s
ar
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
d
ata
u
n
d
er
in
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
r
eg
r
ess
i
o
n
an
a
l
y
s
is
w
er
e
ch
e
ck
ed
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
lace
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
is
th
a
t
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
o
n
es
at
leas
t
o
n
i
n
ter
v
al
s
ca
l
e
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
f
ce
n
tr
al
ten
d
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
s
k
e
w
n
es
s
an
d
k
u
r
to
s
i
s
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
s
w
er
e
ex
a
m
in
ed
to
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
an
d
p
r
ed
icted
v
ar
iab
les
s
h
o
w
n
o
r
m
al
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
th
e
s
k
e
w
n
e
s
s
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
al
i
d
en
t
if
ica
tio
n
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
b
e
-
.
270,
an
d
its
k
u
r
to
s
is
co
e
f
f
icien
t
-
.
2
7
8
,
th
e
s
k
e
w
n
e
s
s
co
e
f
f
icie
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
b
e
-
.
261,
an
d
its
k
u
r
to
s
is
co
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
-
.
2
5
9
,
th
e
s
k
e
w
n
e
s
s
co
e
f
f
icien
t
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ativ
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
-
.
880,
an
d
its
k
u
r
to
s
i
s
co
ef
f
ici
e
n
t
-
.
1
2
7
.
A
s
s
k
e
w
n
e
s
s
an
d
k
u
r
to
s
is
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
ar
e
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
±
1
,
it
ca
n
b
e
clai
m
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
ata
s
h
o
w
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
3
8
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
R
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N:
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8822
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543
an
al
y
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is
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ex
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m
in
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w
h
et
h
er
th
e
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
b
et
w
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p
r
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r
v
ar
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th
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lin
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h
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r
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r
elatio
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ip
w
as
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a
m
i
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,
it
w
a
s
co
n
cl
u
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a
t
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h
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tter
p
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ta
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ar
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al
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ta
n
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p
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v
al
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d
e
f
i
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li
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r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
an
d
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
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ib
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t
io
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r
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s
h
o
w
e
d
a
n
o
r
m
al
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I
n
ad
d
i
tio
n
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v
ar
ia
n
ce
i
n
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
(
VI
F)
an
d
to
ler
an
ce
v
al
u
es
w
er
e
e
x
a
m
in
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
co
r
r
elati
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
r
ed
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r
v
ar
iab
les.
As
th
er
e
w
er
e
n
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esti
m
atio
n
s
l
ar
g
e
th
a
n
1
0
a
m
o
n
g
VI
F
v
al
u
es
(
3
.
3
6
0
)
an
d
less
th
an
0
.
2
a
m
o
n
g
to
ler
a
n
ce
v
a
l
u
es
(
.
2
9
8
)
,
it
ca
n
b
e
as
s
er
ted
th
at
th
er
e
w
a
s
n
o
m
u
ltip
le
co
r
r
elatio
n
[
3
9
]
.
Ma
h
alan
o
b
is
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
w
er
e
also
ca
lcu
lated
a
s
t
h
e
o
u
tlier
s
o
f
d
ata
w
o
u
ld
i
m
p
a
ir
th
e
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
s
in
ce
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
w
a
s
t
w
o
a
n
d
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
w
it
h
Ma
h
a
lan
o
b
is
d
is
tan
ce
o
v
er
9
.
2
1
0
f
o
r
p
=0
.
0
1
w
er
e
o
u
tlier
s
,
n
o
d
ata
d
eletio
n
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
as
th
er
e
w
er
e
n
o
esti
m
atio
n
s
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
9
.
2
1
0
in
th
e
d
ata
s
et.
Fo
llo
w
in
g
th
e
s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
al
y
s
is
w
a
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
c
o
llin
ea
r
it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
v
ar
iab
les.
A
f
ter
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
a
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
cr
ea
ti
n
g
a
2
-
s
tag
e
m
o
d
el
to
test
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
o
n
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
id
en
tific
ati
o
n
f
ac
to
r
w
a
s
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
in
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
an
d
its
e
f
f
ec
t
s
w
er
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
,
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
m
u
ltip
le
r
e
g
r
es
s
io
n
a
n
al
y
s
is
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ativ
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ar
iab
le.
Af
ter
th
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
an
al
y
s
is
,
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
wee
n
j
o
b
m
o
t
i
v
atio
n
,
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
al
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
as
te
s
ted
w
it
h
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elli
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
L
I
SR
E
L
8
.
8
0
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Af
ter
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tati
s
tic
s
,
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
iab
les
w
er
e
esti
m
ated
to
d
eter
m
in
e
teac
h
er
s
’
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
n
j
o
b
m
o
t
iv
atio
n
,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
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l
id
en
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f
i
ca
tio
n
an
d
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ce
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ed
ad
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
ativ
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u
p
p
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r
t.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
ar
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s
u
b
m
itted
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n
T
ab
l
e
1
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A
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
,
teac
h
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o
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j
o
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m
o
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iv
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n
(
X
̅
=
3
.
5
4
)
,
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icat
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(
X
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3
.
9
4
)
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d
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(
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ar
e
at
‘
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lev
el.
T
h
e
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co
r
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et
w
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n
3
.
4
0
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d
4
.
1
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o
n
a
5
-
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t
L
ik
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t
-
t
y
p
e
s
ca
le
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
“
h
ig
h
”
le
v
el
[
4
0
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
af
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
teac
h
er
s
’
o
p
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s
a
b
o
u
t
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
,
o
r
g
a
n
iza
tio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icat
io
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ar
e
in
p
o
s
iti
v
e
m
an
n
er
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
ce
n
t
u
r
y
,
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
an
d
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
ess
en
tial
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
l
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
in
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
th
e
w
o
r
k
p
lac
es
an
d
in
id
e
n
ti
f
y
i
n
g
th
e
m
s
el
v
es
as
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
d
o
n
e,
in
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
i
n
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
es
w
i
th
th
eir
j
o
b
s
[
4
1
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
,
it
w
as
co
n
c
lu
d
ed
th
at
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
w
a
s
h
i
g
h
.
Hi
g
h
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
o
f
teac
h
er
s
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
th
e
y
d
o
th
eir
jo
b
lo
v
in
g
l
y
a
n
d
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Ç
alış
,
d
r
a
w
s
at
ten
tio
n
to
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
tea
ch
er
m
o
ti
v
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n
i
n
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
u
cc
es
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
h
a
s
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
tea
ch
er
s
’
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
at
io
n
is
h
i
g
h
in
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
[
4
2
]
.
J
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
is
a
co
n
ce
p
t
th
at
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
i
g
n
o
r
ed
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
al
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
s
er
v
ice
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
[
4
3
]
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lt
s
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
ay
th
at
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
w
er
e
also
h
ig
h
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
,
it
ca
n
b
e
clai
m
ed
th
at
tea
ch
er
s
id
en
ti
f
y
th
e
m
s
elv
e
s
w
it
h
th
eir
s
c
h
o
o
ls
an
d
r
eg
ar
d
th
e
m
s
e
lv
e
s
as
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tat
iv
e
s
o
f
th
eir
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
w
h
o
i
d
en
tify
th
e
m
s
elv
e
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
in
ter
n
alize
o
r
g
a
n
iz
atio
n
al
v
al
u
es
a
n
d
b
elief
s
an
d
ex
h
ib
it
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
[
4
4
,
4
5
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
f
in
d
i
n
g
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
w
a
s
th
at
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
eir
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
w
er
e
h
ig
h
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
d
ev
elo
p
d
if
f
er
en
t
att
itu
d
es
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
o
f
w
h
at
th
e
y
d
o
f
o
r
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
b
y
th
eir
a
d
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
attit
u
d
es
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
t
h
e
tea
ch
er
s
d
i
f
f
er
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
to
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
an
d
v
al
u
ed
b
y
t
h
eir
m
an
a
g
er
s
[
4
6
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
r
es
u
lt,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
th
at
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
s
ati
s
f
ied
w
it
h
t
h
eir
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
ar
e
m
et
b
y
t
h
eir
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
an
d
th
er
e
ar
e
g
o
o
d
p
o
s
iti
v
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Descr
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tiv
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
n
t.
J
.
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&
R
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.
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d
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c
.
Vo
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9
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No
.
3
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Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
5
3
9
-
547
544
th
eir
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
g
r
o
u
p
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
k
in
d
er
g
ar
ten
teac
h
er
s
w
h
o
n
e
ed
to
lo
v
e,
s
ac
r
if
ice
a
n
d
lab
o
u
r
m
o
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e
th
a
n
o
t
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er
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u
b
j
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t
m
atte
r
teac
h
er
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
ass
er
ted
th
a
t
t
h
e
teac
h
er
s
l
o
v
e
th
e
ir
j
o
b
,
h
en
ce
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
d
ev
elo
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o
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itiv
e
att
itu
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e
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to
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s
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j
o
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s
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d
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e
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
th
e
y
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
,
an
d
th
e
y
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eg
ar
d
th
e
s
u
cc
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o
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n
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s
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o
w
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h
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v
e
m
en
ts
.
Si
m
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lar
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e
is
a
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o
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itiv
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o
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ate
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d
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ig
n
i
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ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
j
o
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m
o
ti
v
a
tio
n
an
d
p
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ce
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ed
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m
in
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tr
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v
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s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
r
=
.
3
1
,
p
<
.
0
1
)
.
Ku
r
t
,
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o
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ed
th
at
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ce
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ed
ad
m
in
is
tr
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v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
l
y
af
f
ec
ted
j
o
b
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
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n
i
n
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
x
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
De
m
ir
h
an
,
Ku
la
&
Kar
ag
ö
z
also
f
o
u
n
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
j
o
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
4
7
,
48]
.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e,
m
o
d
er
ate
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
o
r
g
an
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tio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
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o
n
(
r
=
.
4
8
,
p
<
.
0
1
)
.
E
is
en
b
er
g
er
,
Hu
n
ti
n
g
to
n
,
H
u
tc
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is
o
n
&
So
w
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,
n
o
ted
t
h
at
th
e
m
o
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e
th
e
ap
p
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n
,
r
esp
ec
t
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d
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s
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ip
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ee
d
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o
f
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
ar
e
m
et
b
y
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e
m
a
n
a
g
er
s
an
d
th
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ef
f
o
r
t
s
ar
e
r
e
w
ar
d
ed
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
il
l
b
e
[
4
9
]
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
i
n
d
icate
t
h
at
th
er
e
is
a
m
o
d
er
ate
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
p
atter
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
th
a
t
v
alu
e
s
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
0
.
3
0
,
th
o
s
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
.
3
0
-
0
.
6
9
an
d
th
o
s
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
0
.
7
0
c
an
b
e
i
n
ter
p
r
eted
as
lo
w
,
m
ed
iu
m
a
n
d
h
ig
h
le
v
el
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
f
o
r
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
les,
m
o
d
er
ate
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
w
e
r
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
all
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
les
[
5
0
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
it
ca
n
b
e
as
s
er
ted
th
at
teac
h
er
s
f
ee
l
t
h
eir
ad
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
at
o
r
s
r
ea
d
y
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
n
ee
d
th
e
m
,
t
h
eir
o
w
n
i
n
ter
est
s
ar
e
tak
e
n
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
m
s
elv
e
s
,
th
e
ir
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
ar
e
b
eliev
ed
to
b
e
n
o
ticed
b
y
th
e
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
y
i
n
ter
n
alize
th
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tit
u
ti
o
n
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Mu
ltip
le
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
w
h
et
h
e
r
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
ed
ict
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icat
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
A
s
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
l
e
2
,
jo
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
(
β=
.
3
9
,
p
<.
0
1
)
an
d
3
0
.
2
%
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icat
io
n
is
ex
p
lai
n
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
atio
n
(
R
2
=.
3
0
2
,
p
<.
0
1
)
.
J
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
is
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
β=.5
5
,
p
<
.
0
1
)
an
d
4
6
%
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
ex
p
lain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
(
R
2
=.
4
6
0
,
p
<.
0
1
)
.
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
a
d
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
(
β=.2
9
,
p
<.
0
1
)
an
d
2
0
.
5
%
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
is
ex
p
lain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
R
2
=.
2
0
5
,
p
<.
0
1
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
ed
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
in
c
lu
s
io
n
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
b
u
t
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
le
v
el
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
(
β=.3
1
,
p
<.
0
1
)
an
d
3
5
.
2
%
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
tific
atio
n
i
s
ex
p
lai
n
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
R
2
=.
3
5
2
,
p
<.
0
1
)
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
alleg
ed
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
a
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iato
r
v
ar
iab
le
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
lev
el
o
f
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
atio
n
a
f
ter
th
e
in
c
l
u
s
io
n
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
o
f
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
b
eta
v
alu
e
s
w
as
an
al
y
ze
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
So
b
el
T
e
s
t
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ak
e
clea
r
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
m
ed
iat
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
w
as
s
tat
is
tical
l
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
o
r
n
o
t.
So
b
el
te
s
t
r
es
u
lt
s
w
er
e
Z
=
3
.
0
2
6
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
2
4
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
ce
o
f
So
b
el
T
ests
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iato
r
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ar
iab
le
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
ese
v
ar
iab
les.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
i
s
r
esu
lt,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
t
h
at
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
’
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
t
if
ica
tio
n
w
ill
al
s
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
to
g
e
th
er
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
i
ll
m
a
k
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
l
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
alb
eit
p
ar
tiall
y
.
I
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
t
h
is
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
,
C
elep
p
r
ed
icts
t
h
at
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
i
s
r
elate
d
to
j
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
lo
y
alt
y
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
,
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
[
5
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
ee
s
w
h
o
i
n
te
g
r
ate
t
h
eir
o
w
n
g
o
als
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
o
n
es
ar
e
less
lik
el
y
to
q
u
it
th
eir
j
o
b
s
an
d
e
x
er
t
ex
tr
a
ef
f
o
r
t
an
d
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
th
eir
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
[
5
2
]
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
ay
th
at
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
w
h
o
f
ee
l
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
eir
m
a
n
a
g
er
s
w
il
l
d
o
th
eir
j
o
b
s
w
it
h
h
ig
h
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
,
an
d
th
u
s
th
e
i
r
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
-
o
r
ien
ted
ef
f
o
r
ts
w
il
l
in
cr
ea
s
e
[
5
3
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
w
ill
d
o
th
eir
j
o
b
lo
v
in
g
l
y
a
n
d
w
ill
n
o
t
av
o
id
tak
in
g
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
i
lit
y
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
as
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
l
id
en
t
if
ica
tio
n
w
i
ll
c
r
ea
te
h
ap
p
in
es
s
i
n
p
eo
p
le.
T
h
at’
s
w
h
y
,
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
w
il
l
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
e
y
d
o
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
as
t
h
eir
o
w
n
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
,
th
e
y
w
i
ll
v
ie
w
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
as
t
h
eir
o
w
n
o
n
es
a
n
d
th
e
y
w
i
ll
w
o
r
k
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
a
n
d
h
ig
h
l
y
m
o
tiv
a
ted
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
ese
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
as
a
r
esu
lt o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
id
en
t
if
icatio
n
[
5
4
]
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Stru
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
els b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
M
o
d
e
l
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
β
t
p
R
2
Jo
b
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
3
9
4
.
3
2
.
0
0
0
*
*
.
3
0
2
Jo
b
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
a
d
mi
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
v
e
su
p
p
o
r
t
.
5
5
9
.
1
2
.
0
0
0
*
*
.
4
6
0
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
a
d
mi
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
v
e
su
p
p
o
r
t
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
2
9
3
.
7
7
.
0
0
0
*
*
.
2
0
5
Jo
b
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
A
d
mi
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
v
e
su
p
p
o
r
t
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
3
1
3
.
9
2
.
0
0
2
*
*
.
3
5
2
*
p
<
.
0
5
,
*
*
p
<
.
0
1
,
*
*
*
p
<
.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
e
s
E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Th
e
med
ia
tin
g
r
o
le
o
f
p
erceive
d
a
d
min
is
tr
a
tive
s
u
p
p
o
r
t fo
r
th
e
effec
t o
f jo
b
mo
tiva
tio
n
… (
Gö
kç
e
Özd
emir
)
545
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
j
o
b
m
o
t
iv
atio
n
,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
i
ca
tio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
a
s
test
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elli
n
g
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
el
ar
e
g
iv
en
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
jo
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
o
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
t
if
icatio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
af
ter
th
e
i
n
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t v
ar
iab
le
in
to
th
e
m
o
d
el.
I
n
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
el
an
al
y
s
is
,
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
o
n
ea
ch
o
th
er
w
as
a
n
al
y
s
ed
i
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
lace
as
in
m
u
l
ti
p
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
a
n
al
y
s
is
(
0
.
4
4
)
.
T
h
en
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
a
s
a
d
d
ed
to
th
e
m
o
d
el
as
a
m
ed
i
ato
r
v
ar
iab
le.
W
ith
t
h
e
i
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
ed
iato
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v
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iab
le
to
th
e
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
at
io
n
o
n
o
r
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iza
tio
n
al
id
e
n
ti
f
icatio
n
h
a
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
(
0
.
2
6
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
d
ec
lin
e
i
n
d
icat
es
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
a
p
ar
tial
m
ed
ia
to
r
v
ar
iab
le
in
th
i
s
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
g
o
o
d
n
ess
o
f
f
it
i
n
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ices
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
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el
i
n
w
h
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ch
t
h
e
m
ed
iat
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e
f
f
ec
t
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e
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also
in
f
av
o
u
r
o
f
th
is
r
es
u
lt
[
χ2
(
1
6
7
8
.
1
7
,
N
=
2
3
3
)
;
d
f
=
6
1
0
;
χ2
/d
f
=
2
.
7
5
,
p
<
.
0
0
1
;
R
MSE
A
=
.
0
7
;
R
MR
=
.
0
4
;
A
GFI
=
.
9
0
;
GFI
=
.
9
2
;
C
FI
=
.
9
8
;
I
FI
=.
9
8
;
NFI
=
.
9
7
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
Sch
er
m
elle
h
-
E
n
g
el
&
Mo
o
s
b
r
u
g
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er
in
th
at
R
M
SE
A
<0
.
1
0
a
n
d
2
≤
χ
2
/d
f
≤
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r
ef
er
to
“
ac
ce
p
tab
le
f
it”,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
h
as
a
g
o
o
d
f
it
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
v
alu
e
s
o
f
m
o
d
el
[
5
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
el
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
J
o
b
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
a
l
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
n
o
tio
n
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
a
n
d
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
as
th
e
y
ar
e
t
h
e
r
ef
lect
io
n
o
f
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
w
it
h
th
e
ir
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
s
.
I
t
is
a
ls
o
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
ter
m
s
o
f
u
n
co
v
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
ai
n
r
ea
s
o
n
s
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
attit
u
d
es
an
d
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
o
f
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
an
d
g
u
id
i
n
g
th
e
m
an
a
g
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
ac
ti
v
ities
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
er
e
e
x
a
m
in
ed
.
T
h
es
e
v
ar
iab
les,
w
h
o
s
e
e
f
f
ec
t
s
o
n
ea
ch
o
th
er
h
ad
b
ee
n
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
s
ep
ar
atel
y
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
w
er
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
to
g
et
h
er
w
i
th
a
d
u
al
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el,
it
w
as
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
a
d
a
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iat
in
g
r
o
le
in
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
j
o
b
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
o
n
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
id
en
tif
icatio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
i
s
li
m
ited
to
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
j
o
b
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ati
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
I
n
f
u
tu
r
e
s
t
u
d
ies,
y
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
a
n
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
al
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
ele
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
ex
a
m
in
ed
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
w
h
ic
h
q
u
an
t
itati
v
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
ad
o
p
ted
,
ca
n
b
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
q
u
ali
tati
v
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
ex
a
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
id
ea
s
o
f
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
5
3
9
-
547
546
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
P
o
lat,
“
Örg
ü
tse
l
ö
z
d
e
şle
şm
e
n
in
ö
n
c
ü
ll
e
ri
v
e
a
rd
ıl
ları
ü
z
e
rin
e
b
ir
sa
h
a
ç
a
lı
ş
m
a
sı,” Ulu
d
a
ğ
Ün
iv
e
rsi
tes
i,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
]
M
.
G
.
P
ra
tt
,
“
T
o
b
e
o
r
n
o
t
t
o
b
e
?
Ce
n
tral
q
u
e
sti
o
n
s
in
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
i
n
Id
e
n
t
it
y
i
n
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s:
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
th
e
o
ry
t
h
ro
u
g
h
c
o
n
v
e
rs
a
ti
o
n
s
,
D.
A
.
W
h
e
tt
e
n
a
n
d
P
.
C.
G
o
d
f
re
y
,
Ed
s.
T
h
o
u
sa
n
d
Oa
k
s,
CA
:
S
AG
E
P
u
b
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,
p
p
.
1
7
1
–
2
0
7
,
1
9
9
8
.
[3
]
D.
T
.
Ha
ll
,
B.
S
c
h
n
e
id
e
r,
a
n
d
H.
T
.
Ny
g
re
n
,
“
P
e
rso
n
a
l
F
a
c
to
rs
i
n
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
I
d
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
Ad
m.
S
c
i.
Q.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
1
7
6
,
Ju
n
1
9
7
0
.
[4
]
T
.
Be
n
tl
e
y
,
T
a
k
ımın
ızı
n
Y
e
ten
e
k
le
rin
i
Ge
li
ştirme
d
e
İn
s
a
n
l
a
rı M
o
ti
v
e
Et
me
.
İsta
n
b
u
l:
Ha
y
a
t
Ya
y
ın
ları,
2
0
0
0
.
[5
]
H.
S
e
rc
a
n
,
Et
k
il
i
mo
ti
v
a
sy
o
n
y
ö
n
t
e
mle
ri
.
İsta
n
b
u
l:
Et
a
p
Ya
y
ın
e
v
i,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
R.
N.
L
u
ss
ier,
Rela
ti
o
n
s
in
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s: A
S
k
il
l
-
B
u
il
d
in
g
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
.
Bo
st
o
n
:
M
c
G
ra
w
-
Hill
In
c
.
,
1
9
9
6
.
[7
]
S
.
P
.
Ro
b
b
in
s,
Or
g
a
zin
a
ti
o
n
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
io
r:
C
o
n
c
e
p
ts,
C
o
n
tr
o
v
e
rs
ies
,
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
S
e
v
e
n
e
d
it
.
En
g
lew
o
o
d
C
li
f
f
s.
N
J:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l.
In
c
.
,
1
9
9
8
.
[8
]
T
.
Ko
ç
e
l,
İşle
tme
Y
ö
n
e
ti
c
il
i
ğ
i
.
İst
a
n
b
u
l
:
Be
ta
Ya
y
ın
ları,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
L
.
W
.
P
o
rter,
G
.
A
.
Big
le
y
,
a
n
d
R
.
M
.
S
tee
rs,
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
W
o
rk
Beh
a
v
io
r
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
M
c
G
ra
w
-
H
il
l,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
0
]
R.
Ka
n
f
e
r,
“
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
th
e
o
ry
a
n
d
in
d
u
strial
a
n
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
p
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
”
in
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
in
d
u
stri
a
l
a
n
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
t
io
n
a
l
Psy
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
,
S
e
c
o
n
d
e
d
i
.
,
M
.
D.
Du
n
e
tt
e
a
n
d
L
.
M
.
Ho
u
g
h
,
E
d
s.
P
a
lo
A
lt
o
:
CA
:
Co
n
su
lt
i
n
g
P
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
ists
P
re
ss
,
1
9
9
0
.
[1
1
]
R.
M
.
S
tee
rs,
R.
T
.
M
o
w
d
a
y
,
a
n
d
D.
L
.
S
h
a
p
iro
,
“
T
h
e
f
u
tu
re
o
f
w
o
rk
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
t
h
e
o
ry
,
”
Aca
d
e
my
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Rev
iew
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
7
9
–
3
8
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
M.
C
h
risten
,
G
.
Iy
e
r,
a
n
d
D
.
S
o
b
e
rm
a
n
,
“
Jo
b
S
a
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
,
J
o
b
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
Ef
f
o
rt:
A
Re
e
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
Ag
e
n
c
y
T
h
e
o
r
y
,
”
J
.
M
a
rk
.
, v
o
l.
7
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
–
1
5
0
,
Ja
n
2
0
0
6
.
[1
3
]
D.
J.
Ho
u
st
o
n
,
“
Be
h
a
v
io
r
i
n
th
e
P
u
b
l
ic
S
q
u
a
re
,
”
in
M
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
in
Pu
b
li
c
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t:
T
h
e
Ca
l
l
o
f
Pu
b
li
c
S
e
rv
ice
,
Ox
f
o
rd
Un
iv
e
rsity
P
re
ss
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
–
1
9
9
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
4
]
M
.
P
a
tch
e
n
,
P
a
rticip
a
ti
o
n
,
a
c
h
iev
e
me
n
t,
a
n
d
i
n
v
o
lve
me
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
j
o
b
.
Ne
w
Je
rse
y
:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
-
Ha
ll
,
1
9
7
0
.
[1
5
]
N.
Ho
rtaç
su
,
Ben
Bi
z
S
iz
He
p
imi
z:
T
o
p
l
u
ms
a
l
Kimli
k
v
e
Gr
u
p
l
a
r
Ara
sı
İli
şk
il
e
r
.
İsta
n
b
u
l:
İm
g
e
k
it
a
b
e
v
i
y
a
y
ın
ları,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
6
]
F
.
M
a
e
l
a
n
d
B.
E.
A
sh
f
o
rth
,
“
A
lu
m
n
i
a
n
d
th
e
ir
a
lm
a
m
a
ter:
A
p
a
rti
a
l
tes
t
o
f
th
e
re
f
o
r
m
u
late
d
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
i
d
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
J
.
Or
g
a
n
.
Beh
a
v
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
–
1
2
3
,
1
9
9
2
.
[1
7
]
B.
Bu
c
h
a
n
a
n
,
“
Bu
il
d
i
n
g
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t:
T
h
e
S
o
c
i
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
rs
in
W
o
rk
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s,”
Ad
m.
S
c
i.
Q.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
3
3
-
5
4
6
,
De
c
1
9
7
4
.
[1
8
]
V
.
R.
L
a
n
e
a
n
d
S
.
G
.
S
c
o
tt
,
“
T
h
e
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
i
d
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
Or
g
a
n
.
Beh
a
v
.
Hu
m
.
De
c
is.
Pro
c
e
ss
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
–
1
9
2
,
No
v
2
0
0
7
.
[1
9
]
K.
H.
Ka
ra
k
u
ş,
“
O
k
u
l
Yö
n
e
ti
c
il
e
rin
in
K
o
ç
lu
k
Ro
ll
e
ri
İle
Öğ
re
t
m
e
n
lerin
Örg
ü
tse
l
Öz
d
e
şle
ş
m
e
Dü
z
e
y
leri
A
r
a
sın
d
a
k
i
İli
şk
i,
”
P
a
m
u
k
k
a
le Ün
iv
e
rsite
si,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
D.
Bh
a
n
t
h
u
m
n
a
v
in
,
“
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
s
o
c
ial
su
p
p
o
rt
f
ro
m
su
p
e
rv
iso
r
a
n
d
g
ro
u
p
m
e
m
b
e
rs’
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
a
n
d
situ
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
a
s
p
re
d
icto
rs
o
f
su
b
o
r
d
in
a
te
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
in
T
h
a
i
wo
rk
u
n
i
ts,”
Hu
m.
Res
o
u
r.
De
v
.
Q.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
9
–
9
7
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
1
]
M
.
L
.
Bro
a
d
,
“
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
A
c
ti
o
n
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
rt
T
ra
m
s
f
e
r
o
f
T
ra
in
in
g
,
”
T
ra
in
.
De
v
.
J
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
–
1
3
0
,
1
9
8
2
.
[2
2
]
M
.
Z
in
c
irk
iran
,
A
.
Ya
lçin
so
y
,
a
n
d
M
.
Işik
,
“
Yö
n
e
ti
c
i
De
ste
ğ
i
İle
İş M
e
m
n
u
n
iy
e
ti
A
ra
sın
d
a
k
i
İli
şk
in
in
İn
c
e
len
m
e
si,”
in
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
g
re
ss
o
n
Eco
n
o
mic
s
a
n
d
B
u
sin
e
ss
,
p
p
.
9
7
6
–
9
8
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
E.
A
.
G
ö
k
tep
e
,
“
A
lg
ıl
a
n
a
n
Yö
n
e
ti
c
i
De
ste
ğ
i
Ölç
e
ğ
i:
G
e
li
ştiri
lm
e
si,
G
e
ç
e
rli
li
ğ
i
v
e
G
ü
v
e
n
ir
li
li
ğ
i,
”
İsta
n
b
u
l
Ün
ive
rs
it
e
si İ
şle
tme
Fa
k
ü
lt
e
si De
rg
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
6
,
S
p
e
c
ial
Iss
u
e
,
p
p
.
3
1
–
4
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
4
]
N.
D.
Ça
k
a
r
a
n
d
S
.
Yıld
ız,
“
Örg
ü
tse
l
A
d
a
letin
İş
T
a
t
m
in
i
Üz
e
rin
d
e
k
i
Et
k
isi:
"
A
l
g
ıl
a
n
a
n
Örg
ü
tse
l
De
ste
k
“
Bir
A
ra
De
ğ
işk
e
n
M
i?,”
El
e
k
tro
n
.
S
o
s.
Bi
l
im.
De
rg
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
8
,
p
p
.
6
8
–
9
0
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
5
]
H.
Öz
u
tk
u
,
V
.
A
ğ
c
a
,
a
n
d
E.
Ce
v
rio
ğ
lu
,
“
L
id
e
r
-
Ü
y
e
Et
k
il
e
şi
m
Teo
risi
Çe
rç
e
v
e
sin
d
e
,
Yö
n
e
ti
c
i
-
A
s
t
Et
k
il
e
şim
i
İle
Örg
ü
tse
l
Ba
ğ
lı
lı
k
Bo
y
u
tl
a
rı
v
e
İş
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
sı
A
r
a
sın
d
a
k
i
İli
şk
i:
Am
p
iri
k
Bir
İn
c
e
le
m
e
,
”
At
a
tü
rk
Ün
ive
rs
it
e
si
İk
ti
sa
d
i
v
e
İd
a
ri B
il
im.
De
rg
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
9
3
–
2
1
0
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
6
]
N.
Öz
tü
rk
,
“
Eğ
it
im
ö
rg
ü
tl
e
ri
n
d
e
ö
rg
ü
t
k
ü
lt
ü
rü
v
e
ö
ğ
re
tm
e
n
li
d
e
rli
ğ
i:
L
id
e
r
-
ü
y
e
e
tk
il
e
şi
m
in
in
a
ra
c
ıl
ık
ro
l
ü
,
”
G
a
z
ian
tep
Ün
iv
e
rsites
i,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
7
]
F
.
Ka
rc
ıo
ğ
lu
a
n
d
E
.
T
ü
rk
e
r,
“
P
s
ik
o
lo
ji
k
S
ö
z
leş
m
e
il
e
Örg
ü
tse
l
Ba
ğ
lı
lı
k
İli
şk
isi:
S
a
ğ
lı
k
Ça
lı
şa
n
l
a
rı
Üz
e
rin
e
Bir
U
y
g
u
la
m
a
,
”
At
a
tü
rk
Ün
ive
rs
it
e
si İ
k
ti
sa
d
i
v
e
İd
a
ri B
il
im.
De
rg
.
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
–
1
4
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
8
]
H.
M
.
Öz
g
e
n
a
n
d
H.
Öz
g
e
n
,
“
P
si
k
o
lo
ji
k
S
ö
z
leş
m
e
v
e
Bo
y
u
tl
a
rın
ın
İş
T
a
t
m
in
i,
Örg
ü
tse
l
Ba
ğ
lı
lı
k
v
e
İşte
n
Ay
rıl
m
a
Ni
y
e
ti
n
e
Et
k
il
e
ri:
T
ıb
b
i
S
a
tı
ş
T
e
m
silcileri
Üz
e
rin
d
e
Bir
A
ra
ştır
m
a
,
”
Ç.
Ü.
S
o
s.
Bi
l
im.
E
n
st
it
ü
sü
De
r
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
9
]
W
.
H.
T
u
rn
ley
,
M
.
C.
B
o
li
n
o
,
S
.
W
.
L
e
ste
r,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
Blo
o
d
g
o
o
d
,
“
T
h
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
P
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
Co
n
trac
t
F
u
lf
il
lm
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
In
-
Ro
le
a
n
d
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
Cit
i
z
e
n
sh
ip
Be
h
a
v
io
rs,”
J
.
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
–
2
0
6
,
A
p
r
2
0
0
3
.
[3
0
]
B.
J.
Ba
b
in
a
n
d
J.
S
.
B
o
les
,
“
T
h
e
e
ff
e
c
ts
o
f
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
c
o
-
w
o
rk
e
r
in
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
su
p
e
rv
iso
r
su
p
p
o
rt
o
n
se
rv
ice
p
ro
v
id
e
r
r
o
le stres
s,
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
j
o
b
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
,
”
J
.
Ret
a
il
.
,
v
o
l.
7
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
7
–
7
5
,
1
9
9
6
.
[3
1
]
F
.
He
rz
b
e
rg
,
“
T
h
e
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
,
h
y
g
ien
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
m
a
n
p
o
w
e
r
p
e
rso
n
n
e
l
a
d
m
in
istratio
n
,
”
Per
s.
Ad
m.
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
–
7
,
1
9
6
4
.
[3
2
]
E.
Eren
,
Ör
g
ü
tse
l
d
a
v
ra
n
ış ve
y
ö
n
e
ti
m p
sik
o
lo
ji
si (
7
.
b
a
sk
ı)
.
İsta
n
b
u
l:
Be
ta Ya
y
ın
ları,
2
0
0
1
.
[3
3
]
F
.
E.
Öz
tay
,
“
E
ğ
it
i
m
ö
rg
ü
tl
e
rin
d
e
in
sa
n
k
a
y
n
a
k
l
a
rı
y
ö
n
e
ti
m
i
il
e
o
lu
ştu
ru
lm
u
ş
k
u
ru
m
k
ü
lt
ü
rü
n
ü
n
ö
ğ
re
tm
e
n
m
o
ti
v
a
s
y
o
n
u
n
a
e
tk
isi,
”
Ye
d
it
e
p
e
Ün
iv
e
rsites
i,
2
0
0
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
e
s
E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
Th
e
med
ia
tin
g
r
o
le
o
f
p
erceive
d
a
d
min
is
tr
a
tive
s
u
p
p
o
r
t fo
r
th
e
effec
t o
f jo
b
mo
tiva
tio
n
… (
Gö
kç
e
Özd
emir
)
547
[3
4
]
N.
Ka
ra
sa
r,
Bi
li
ms
e
l
Ara
ştırma
Y
ö
n
tem
i.
2
0
1
5
:
No
b
e
l
Ya
y
ın
c
ıl
ık
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
5
]
F
.
Yılm
a
z
,
“
Eğ
it
im
ö
rg
ü
tl
e
rin
d
e
ö
rg
ü
t
k
ü
lt
ü
r
ü
n
ü
n
ö
ğ
re
tm
e
n
lerin
iş
m
o
ti
v
a
s
y
o
n
u
ü
z
e
rin
d
e
k
i
e
tk
isi,
”
S
e
lçu
k
Ün
iv
e
rsites
i,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
6
]
A
.
L
o
ğ
a
,
“
Ça
lı
ş
a
n
ların
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
f
i
k
ö
z
e
ll
ik
lerin
in
ö
rg
ü
tse
l
ö
z
d
e
şi
m
,
ö
rg
ü
tse
l
b
a
ğ
lı
lı
k
v
e
ö
rg
ü
tse
l
v
a
tan
d
a
şlık
d
a
v
ra
n
ışın
a
e
tk
il
e
ri:
A
sk
e
ri
b
iri
m
l
e
rd
e
b
ir
a
ra
ştırm
a
,
”
Ba
ş
k
e
n
t
Ün
iv
e
rsites
i,
2
0
0
3
.
[3
7
]
A
.
Ö
z
d
e
m
ir,
“
İlk
ö
ğ
re
ti
m
Ok
u
ll
a
rın
d
a
A
lg
ıl
a
n
a
n
Yö
n
e
ti
c
i
De
ste
ğ
in
in
v
e
Bire
y
c
il
ik
-
Orta
k
la
şa
Da
v
ra
n
ışç
ıl
ığ
ın
Örg
ü
tse
l
V
a
tan
d
a
şlık
Da
v
ra
n
ışı
il
e
İli
şk
isi
1
,
”
K
u
ra
m
v
e
Uy
g
u
l
a
ma
d
a
E
ğ
it
im
Y
ö
n
e
ti
mi
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
3
-
1
1
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
8
]
Ş
.
Bü
y
ü
k
ö
z
tü
rk
,
E.
Kılı
ç
Ça
k
m
a
k
,
Ö.
Erk
a
n
A
k
g
ü
n
,
Ş
.
Ka
ra
d
e
n
iz,
a
n
d
F
.
De
m
irel,
Bi
li
ms
e
l
a
ra
ştır
ma
y
ö
n
tem
ler
i
.
A
n
k
a
r
a
:
P
e
g
e
m
Y
a
y
ın
c
ıl
ık
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
9
]
D.
N.
G
u
jara
ti
,
Ba
sic
Eco
n
o
me
tri
c
s
,
F
o
u
rt
h
e
d
i
ti
o
n
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
Cit
y
:
M
c
G
r
a
w
-
Hill
,
2
0
0
4
.
[4
0
]
A
.
Ba
lcı,
Etk
il
i
o
k
u
l
v
e
o
k
u
l
g
e
li
ş
t
irme
:
K
u
ra
m u
y
g
u
l
a
ma
v
e
a
r
a
ş
tı
rm
a
.
A
n
k
a
ra
:
P
e
g
e
m
A
Ya
y
ın
c
ıl
ık
,
2
0
0
7
.
[4
1
]
A
.
De
Rij
k
,
N.
J
a
n
ss
e
n
,
B.
V
a
n
L
iero
p
,
K.
A
lex
a
n
d
e
rso
n
,
a
n
d
F
.
Nijh
u
is,
“
A
b
e
h
a
v
io
ra
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
RT
W
a
f
ter
sic
k
n
e
ss
a
b
se
n
c
e
:
T
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
stru
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
l
d
e
term
in
a
n
ts,
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
k
e
y
a
c
to
rs’ atti
tu
d
e
s,”
W
o
rk
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
3
–
2
8
5
,
2
0
0
9
.
[4
2
]
H.
Ça
lı
ş,
“
Öğ
re
t
m
e
n
m
o
ti
v
a
s
y
o
n
u
n
d
a
y
ö
n
e
ti
c
i
y
a
k
l
a
şı
m
ların
ın
in
c
e
len
m
e
si
k
o
c
a
e
li
il
i
g
ö
lcü
k
il
ç
e
si
ö
rn
e
ğ
i,
”
Ye
d
it
e
p
e
Ün
iv
e
rsites
i,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
3
]
G
.
Ş
e
k
e
rc
io
ğ
lu
a
n
d
A
.
Çiv
il
id
a
ğ
,
“
Ço
k
Bo
y
u
tl
u
İş
M
o
ti
v
a
sy
o
n
u
Öl
ç
e
ğ
in
in
T
ü
rk
Kü
lt
ü
rü
n
e
Uy
a
rlan
m
a
sı,”
M
e
d
it
e
rr
.
J
.
Hu
ma
n
it
.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
–
1
5
6
,
J
u
n
2
0
1
7
.
[4
4
]
E.
L
.
De
c
i
a
n
d
R
.
M
.
Ry
a
n
,
“
T
h
e
‘w
h
a
t’
a
n
d
‘w
h
y
’
o
f
g
o
a
l
p
u
rs
u
it
s:
Hu
m
a
n
n
e
e
d
s
a
n
d
th
e
se
lf
-
de
ter
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
b
e
h
a
v
io
r,
”
Psy
c
h
o
l
.
In
q
.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
2
7
–
2
6
8
,
2
0
0
0
.
[4
5
]
T
.
L
.
P
.
T
a
n
g
a
n
d
H.
L
iu
,
“
L
o
v
e
o
f
M
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
Un
e
th
ica
l
Be
h
a
v
io
r
In
ten
t
io
n
:
Do
e
s
a
n
A
u
th
e
n
t
i
c
S
u
p
e
rv
iso
r’s
P
e
rso
n
a
l
I
n
teg
rit
y
a
n
d
Ch
a
ra
c
ter
(A
S
P
IRE)
M
a
k
e
a
Diff
e
re
n
c
e
?
,
”
J
.
Bu
s.
Et
h
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
0
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
9
5
–
3
1
2
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
2
.
[4
6
]
R.
Ei
se
n
b
e
rg
e
r,
F
.
S
ti
n
g
lh
a
m
b
e
r,
C.
V
a
n
d
e
n
b
e
rg
h
e
,
I.
L
.
S
u
c
h
a
rsk
i,
a
n
d
L
.
R
h
o
a
d
e
s,
“
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
su
p
e
rv
iso
r
su
p
p
o
rt
:
Co
n
tri
b
u
t
io
n
s
to
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
rt
a
n
d
e
m
p
lo
y
e
e
re
ten
ti
o
n
,
”
J
.
A
p
p
l
.
Psy
c
h
o
l
.
,
v
o
l.
8
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
6
5
–
5
7
3
,
2
0
0
2
.
[4
7
]
E.
Ku
r
t,
“
A
lg
ıl
a
n
a
n
so
sy
a
l
d
e
ste
k
v
e
iş
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
sı
il
işk
isin
d
e
işe
b
a
ğ
lı
lı
ğ
ın
a
ra
c
ı
e
tk
isi:
T
u
rizm
işletm
e
lerin
d
e
b
ir
a
ra
ştır
m
a
,
”
Ha
c
e
tt
e
p
e
Un
iv
e
rsites
i,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
8
]
Y.
De
m
irh
a
n
,
S
.
Ku
la,
a
n
d
G
.
Ka
ra
g
ö
z
,
“
İş
M
e
m
n
u
n
i
y
e
ti
V
e
Yö
n
e
ti
c
i
De
ste
ğ
in
in
M
e
m
u
rlarin
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
sin
a
Et
k
isi:
Diy
a
rb
a
k
ir
Öz
e
l
Ha
re
k
a
t
P
o
li
s
Biri
m
i
Örn
e
ğ
i,
”
S
ü
ley
ma
n
De
mire
l
Ün
ive
rs
it
e
si
İk
ti
sa
d
i
v
e
İd
a
ri
Bi
li
m
.
Fa
k
ü
lt
e
si De
rg
.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
5
–
2
9
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
9
]
R.
Ei
se
n
b
e
rg
e
r,
R.
H
u
n
t
in
g
to
n
,
S
.
Hu
tch
iso
n
,
a
n
d
D.
S
o
w
a
,
“
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
S
u
p
p
o
rt,
”
J
.
Ap
p
l
.
Psy
c
h
o
l
.
,
v
o
l.
7
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
0
0
–
5
0
7
,
A
u
g
1
9
8
6
.
[5
0
]
O.
Ço
k
lu
k
,
G
.
Ş
e
k
e
rc
io
g
lu
,
a
n
d
Ş
.
Bü
y
ü
k
ö
z
tü
rk
,
S
o
sy
a
l
b
il
imler
ici
n
c
o
k
d
e
g
isk
e
n
li
S
P
S
S
v
e
L
IS
RE
L
u
y
g
u
l
a
ma
l
a
ri
.
A
n
k
a
r
a
:
P
e
g
e
m
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
1
]
C.
Ce
lep
,
E
g
it
im
d
e
ö
rg
ü
t
se
l
a
d
a
n
ma
v
e
ö
g
re
tme
n
ler
.
A
n
k
a
ra
:
A
n
ı
Ya
y
ın
c
ıl
ık
,
2
0
0
0
.
[5
2
]
A
.
Ça
k
ın
b
e
rk
,
N.
De
rin
,
a
n
d
E.
T
.
De
m
irel,
“
Örg
ü
tse
l
Öz
d
e
şle
şm
e
n
in
Örg
ü
tse
l
Ba
ğ
lı
lı
k
la
Biçim
l
e
n
m
e
si:
M
a
laty
a
v
e
T
u
n
c
e
li
Öz
e
l
Eğ
it
i
m
Ku
ru
m
lar
ı
Örn
e
ğ
i,
”
İşle
tme
Ara
ştırma
la
rı
De
rg
.
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
89
–
1
2
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
3
]
E.
S
.
L
e
e
,
T
.
Y.
P
a
rk
,
a
n
d
B.
Ko
o
,
“
Id
e
n
ti
fy
in
g
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
a
s
a
b
a
sis
f
o
r
a
tt
it
u
d
e
s
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
io
rs:
A
m
e
ta
-
a
n
a
l
y
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
,
”
Psy
c
h
o
l.
Bu
ll
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
9
–
1
0
8
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
4
]
M
.
R.
E
d
w
a
rd
s,
“
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
:
A
c
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
re
v
iew
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
.
p
p
.
2
0
7
–
2
3
0
,
De
c
2
0
0
5
.
[5
5
]
K.
S
c
h
e
rm
e
ll
e
h
-
En
g
e
l,
H.
M
o
o
sb
ru
g
g
e
r,
a
n
d
H.
M
ü
l
ler,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
th
e
f
it
o
f
stru
c
t
u
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
ls:
T
e
sts
o
f
sig
n
if
ica
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
s
c
rip
ti
v
e
g
o
o
d
n
e
ss
-
of
-
f
it
m
e
a
su
re
s,”
M
PR
-
o
n
li
n
e
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
–
7
4
,
2
0
0
3
.
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