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s
i
ca
l,
d
ig
i
tal
a
n
d
b
io
lo
g
ic
al
[
6
]
.
T
h
ese
ele
m
e
n
ts
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
p
ar
t
to
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
en
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
s
o
cial
li
ter
ac
y
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
li
ter
ac
y
.
T
h
ese
ef
f
o
r
ts
w
er
e
m
ad
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
d
ed
v
alu
e
an
d
co
m
p
etiti
v
en
e
s
s
f
o
r
v
o
ca
ti
o
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
g
r
ad
u
ates i
n
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
4
.
0
.
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s
o
f
a
lear
n
in
g
co
u
r
s
e
b
ec
o
m
e
a
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
l
ec
tu
r
er
i
n
d
eliv
er
in
g
teac
h
i
n
g
m
ater
ial.
Fo
r
m
r
elate
d
to
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
t
h
o
s
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
al
u
m
n
i
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
m
aj
o
r
in
g
in
co
m
p
u
t
er
s
cien
ce
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ar
e
o
r
h
a
v
e
co
m
p
leted
th
eir
f
i
n
al
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
u
c
h
as
a
t
h
esi
s
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
eli
m
in
ar
y
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
ata,
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
w
h
o
g
ets
a
g
o
o
d
g
r
ad
e
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
at
lev
e
l
-
2
(
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
)
b
ased
o
n
th
e
B
lo
o
m
's
t
ax
o
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
is
is
r
e
f
lecte
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
an
al
y
ze
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
co
m
b
i
n
e
r
elate
d
elem
e
n
t
s
,
en
co
d
e,
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
W
h
er
ea
s
it
is
ex
p
ec
ted
th
at
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es
w
il
l
b
e
at
least
lev
el
4
(
an
al
y
s
is
)
u
p
to
lev
el
6
(
cr
ea
tio
n
s
)
r
elev
a
n
t
to
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
n
Natio
n
al
Q
u
ali
f
icatio
n
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
p
la
ce
s
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
o
f
Gr
ad
e
6
g
r
ad
u
ates
(
a
n
a
n
al
y
s
t)
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
2
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ca
u
s
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
a
t
th
is
lev
e
l
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
iti
al
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
(
1
)
th
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ce
o
f
teac
h
in
g
m
a
ter
ial.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
m
p
eten
c
y
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
at
th
i
s
ti
m
e
ar
e
o
n
l
y
li
m
ited
to
asp
ec
ts
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
s
u
ch
as
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
co
m
p
eten
c
ies
an
d
g
en
er
al
s
k
ill
s
asp
ec
ts
s
u
c
h
as
co
m
p
eten
cie
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
d
a
ta
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
W
h
ile
o
th
er
asp
ec
ts
o
f
s
k
ill
s
s
u
c
h
as
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
an
d
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
i
n
s
m
ar
t s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
n
o
t a
ch
ie
v
e
d
[
7
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ab
o
v
e,
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
o
r
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
tr
an
s
late
t
h
e
m
i
n
s
o
u
r
c
e
co
d
e
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
co
m
p
eten
c
y
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
ab
ilit
y
.
So
m
e
r
esear
c
h
i
s
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
ev
er
al
co
n
ce
p
ts
a
n
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
lear
n
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
ch
as
ac
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
.
B
ased
o
n
th
i
s
ac
ti
v
e
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
ca
lc
u
l
u
s
ar
e
b
ett
er
th
an
o
t
h
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
in
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
h
o
w
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
b
asics
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
s
ev
er
al
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
r
ec
itatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
T
h
is
r
ec
itatio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
a
m
eth
o
d
th
at
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
lear
n
er
as
a
f
ac
il
itato
r
an
d
g
iv
e
s
th
e
task
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
t
o
lear
n
s
o
m
et
h
i
n
g
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
a
n
d
r
ep
o
r
t
h
o
w
th
e
r
es
u
lts
a
r
e
[
9
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
ev
er
al
ef
f
o
r
ts
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
to
b
u
ild
a
lear
n
i
n
g
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
lear
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
[
1
0
]
.
On
e
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
ar
ti
f
icial
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
.
Utilizatio
n
o
f
ar
tif
icial
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
ab
le
to
c
o
n
v
e
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
b
e
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
ar
tif
icial
i
n
telli
g
en
ce
w
ill
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
d
ed
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
asp
ec
ts
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
tu
to
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
lear
n
i
n
g
,
te
s
tin
g
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
ized
te
s
ti
n
g
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
t
h
at
ar
is
e
t
o
d
ay
in
t
h
e
m
id
s
t
o
f
s
o
ciet
y
an
d
th
e
w
o
r
ld
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ar
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
tu
r
b
an
c
e
s
i
n
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
o
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
an
d
i
n
n
o
v
ati
v
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
t
h
at
ar
e
ab
le
to
an
s
wer
th
ese
c
h
alle
n
g
es.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
m
ad
e
in
ad
o
p
tin
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
ar
tif
ic
ial
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
in
ed
u
c
a
tio
n
[
1
2
]
.
Du
r
in
g
th
i
s
ti
m
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
lear
n
in
g
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
h
o
w
t
o
co
n
v
e
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etw
ee
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
L
MS
(
L
ea
r
n
in
g
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
S
y
s
te
m
)
.
T
h
e
e
x
is
tin
g
L
M
S
d
o
es
n
o
t
ap
p
l
y
ar
tific
ial
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
i
n
it
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
w
il
l
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
ad
d
i
tio
n
to
L
MS
as
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
te
m
to
co
n
v
e
y
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
b
u
t
t
h
er
e
is
also
a
co
m
p
u
ter
-
b
ased
t
est
an
d
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
i
n
g
in
it.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
-
B
ased
T
ests
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
to
ass
i
s
t
teac
h
er
s
i
n
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
as
s
ess
m
en
ts
,
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
is
t
i
n
tu
to
r
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
lear
n
i
n
g
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lear
n
in
g
I
n
tel
lig
e
n
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
ar
tif
ic
ial
in
telli
g
en
ce
ar
e
v
er
y
m
u
ch
n
ee
d
ed
in
lear
n
in
g
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
th
i
s
d
i
g
itali
za
tio
n
er
a.
I
n
te
lli
g
en
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
a
co
m
p
u
ter
ap
p
licatio
n
t
h
at
ca
n
m
i
m
ic
o
r
d
u
p
l
icate
w
h
at
h
u
m
a
n
s
d
o
.
I
n
t
h
e
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
t
u
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
f
i
v
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
ex
p
er
t
m
o
d
el,
s
t
u
d
en
t
m
o
d
el,
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
m
o
d
el
an
d
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
telli
g
en
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
ac
ti
v
itie
s
,
es
p
ec
iall
y
in
lear
n
i
n
g
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
ar
e
P
h
o
to
s
h
o
p
lear
n
in
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I
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I
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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[
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ased
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h
a
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h
.
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h
e
n
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m
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o
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samp
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t
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s p
h
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s
m
a
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mat
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c
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a
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t
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a
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,
n
a
me
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y
:
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h
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h
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n
u
m
b
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o
f
sam
p
l
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t
h
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p
h
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se
w
e
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3
2
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
ma
j
o
r
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f
o
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mat
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o
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c
l
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me
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t
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a
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d
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p
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me
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sse
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h
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c
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C
K
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e
a
r
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mo
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t
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mi
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a
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d
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me
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D
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K
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L
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o
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T
u
t
o
r
i
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g
S
y
st
e
m.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Ra
t
io
na
lity
Vo
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
s
id
en
tifie
d
as
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
t
h
at
p
r
ep
ar
es
lea
r
n
er
s
to
b
e
ab
le
to
w
o
r
k
.
Ne
w
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
o
f
v
o
ca
tio
n
a
l
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
r
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
f
ac
il
ities
a
n
d
in
f
r
as
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
ies
a
n
d
s
k
i
l
ls
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
u
n
iv
er
s
it
y
g
r
ad
u
ates,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atics,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
eg
u
lated
[
7
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
ef
f
o
r
t
s
th
at
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
is
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
lear
n
in
g
ab
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
lev
el
2
to
lev
el
3
to
6
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tr
ateg
y
b
ased
o
n
ta
x
o
n
o
m
y
b
l
o
o
m
.
3
.
2
.
P
hil
o
s
o
py
T
h
e
DI
C
KY
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
Mo
d
el
is
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
R
es
o
u
r
ce
Sh
ar
in
g
Mo
d
el
-
B
len
d
ed
Pro
j
ec
t
B
ased
L
ea
r
n
in
g
[2
0
,
2
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
at
s
t
u
d
y
,
it
w
as
s
ee
n
th
a
t
th
e
r
e
w
as
a
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
o
f
clas
s
r
o
o
m
lear
n
i
n
g
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
th
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
er
a
,
o
f
co
u
r
s
e,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ic
al
d
ev
ices
s
u
c
h
as
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
a
n
d
t
h
e
Mo
b
ile
I
n
s
ta
n
t
Me
s
s
a
g
in
g
(
MI
M)
a
p
p
licatio
n
an
d
o
th
er
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
[
2
3
-
25]
.
N
o
t
o
n
l
y
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ed
ia,
b
u
t
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
4
.
0
also
r
esu
lted
in
a
ch
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
lear
n
i
n
g
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
P
ed
ag
o
g
y
an
d
An
d
r
ag
o
g
y
to
Heu
tag
o
g
y
[
2
6
]
.
Heu
tag
o
g
y
is
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
s
el
f
-
d
ir
ec
t
lear
n
in
g
b
y
u
t
ilizin
g
m
ater
ial
th
at
i
s
in
t
h
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
DI
C
KY
m
o
d
el,
th
e
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
h
eu
ta
g
o
g
y
w
i
ll
b
e
s
ee
n
in
S
y
n
ta
x
2
,
n
am
el
y
I
n
ter
a
ctio
n
w
it
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
S
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
y
n
tax
,
it
i
n
v
o
lv
es
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
i
m
p
o
r
ti
n
g
all
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
in
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
lear
n
in
g
,
esp
ec
iall
y
in
t
h
e
f
iel
d
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
.
Sel
f
-
d
ir
ec
t
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
lear
n
er
cr
ea
tiv
it
y
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
e
m
a
ter
ial
b
ein
g
tau
g
h
t
[
2
8
]
.
I
n
On
to
lo
g
y
Asp
ec
t,
DI
C
KY
lea
r
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
is
a
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
th
at
ad
o
p
ts
an
ar
tif
icial
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
t
h
eo
r
y
o
f
lear
n
in
g
co
n
n
ec
tiv
it
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
E
p
is
t
e
m
o
lo
g
ical
A
s
p
ec
t,
t
h
e
DI
C
K
Y
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
is
a
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
p
u
t
s
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
r
en
e
w
i
n
g
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
m
o
d
el
,
n
a
m
el
y
p
r
o
j
ec
t
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
an
d
R
S
-
B
P
L
i
n
to
a
n
e
w
m
o
d
el
.
An
d
in
t
h
e
asp
ec
t o
f
ax
io
lo
g
y
,
th
e
DI
C
KY
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
is
a
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
t
h
eo
r
y
,
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ed
i
a,
an
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els.
Fro
m
th
e
s
e
th
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
a
n
d
b
ased
o
n
test
in
g
th
e
v
alid
i
t
y
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
C
o
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
Facto
r
An
al
y
s
is
an
d
o
th
er
test
s
,
th
e
DI
C
KY
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
Mo
d
el
is
a
n
e
w
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
t
h
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8822
I
n
t.
J
.
E
v
al
.
&
R
es
.
E
d
u
c
.
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
5
7
2
-
582
576
3
.
3
.
Sy
nta
x
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
atio
n
ale
a
n
d
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
DI
C
KY
m
o
d
el
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
I
n
telli
g
en
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
,
a
n
e
w
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
s
P
r
o
j
ec
t
-
B
ased
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
an
d
I
n
telli
g
en
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
i
n
k
in
g
DI
C
K
Y
m
o
d
els
b
ased
o
n
I
n
te
lli
g
en
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
i
s
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
s
e
v
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
:
1
)
B
l
o
o
m
's
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
,
2
)
P
r
ev
io
u
s
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
Mo
d
els
(
P
r
o
j
ec
t
-
B
ased
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
,
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
P
r
o
j
ec
t
-
B
ased
L
ea
r
n
in
g
a
n
d
B
len
d
ed
L
e
ar
n
in
g
,
3
)
I
n
ter
ac
ti
v
it
y
,
a
n
d
4
)
L
ea
r
n
in
g
s
t
y
le
a
n
d
5
)
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
I
C
T
o
n
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
9
]
.
So
m
e
i
n
d
icato
r
s
o
f
co
g
n
iti
v
e
lear
n
in
g
ar
e:
e
m
p
h
asiz
in
g
t
h
e
w
a
y
s
a
p
er
s
o
n
u
s
es
h
i
s
m
i
n
d
to
lear
n
,
r
e
m
e
m
b
er
,
an
d
u
s
e
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
ed
an
d
s
to
r
ed
in
h
is
m
i
n
d
ef
f
e
ctiv
el
y
.
I
n
e
s
s
e
n
ce
,
v
er
b
al
o
r
v
is
u
al
lear
n
in
g
t
h
at
u
n
d
er
lies
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
t
h
at
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
all
th
e
s
en
s
es
s
a
v
es
a
lo
n
g
er
i
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
an
d
cr
ea
tes
a
s
en
s
atio
n
t
h
at
leav
es
an
i
m
p
r
i
n
t
o
n
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
.
I
n
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tiv
is
m
lear
n
i
n
g
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
ar
e
th
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
o
f
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e,
th
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
tu
d
en
t
-
ce
n
tr
ed
,
th
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
r
ef
lect
io
n
.
So
cial
m
ed
ia
attit
u
d
e
is
o
n
e
o
f
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
t
h
i
n
g
i
n
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ed
u
c
atio
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
is
a
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
t
u
d
y
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
s
y
n
ta
x
o
f
P
r
o
j
ec
t
B
ase
d
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
,
B
le
n
d
ed
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
an
d
t
h
e
s
y
n
ta
x
o
f
t
h
e
DI
C
KY
Mo
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
clea
r
ly
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
v
is
ib
le
s
y
n
ta
x
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
P
r
o
j
ec
t
-
B
ased
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el,
th
e
P
r
o
j
ec
t
-
B
ased
L
ea
r
n
in
g
Mo
d
el
an
d
th
e
DI
C
KY
Mo
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
telli
g
en
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
is
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
o
d
el
s
o
th
at
th
e
DI
C
K
Y
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
te
llig
e
n
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
is
f
o
r
m
ed
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
elab
o
r
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
le
ar
n
in
g
m
ed
ia.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
o
d
el
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
DI
C
KY
L
ea
r
n
in
g
Mo
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
telli
g
en
t
T
u
to
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
is
f
o
r
m
ed
,
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
m
o
d
el
s
y
n
ta
x
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
-
B
a
se
d
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
l
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
S
h
a
r
i
n
g
-
B
l
e
n
d
e
d
P
r
o
j
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c
t
B
a
se
d
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
l
T
h
e
D
I
C
K
Y
’
s
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
T
u
t
o
r
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
m.
1
.
S
t
a
r
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
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e
sse
n
t
i
a
l
q
u
e
st
i
o
n
1
.
A
n
a
l
y
si
s o
f
N
e
e
d
A
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
a
n
d
L
e
a
r
n
e
r
1
.
D
e
f
i
n
e
P
r
o
b
l
e
m a
n
d
D
e
si
g
n
a
p
l
a
n
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
2
.
D
e
si
g
n
a
p
l
a
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
2
.
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
2
.
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
su
p
p
o
r
t
sy
st
e
m
3
.
C
r
e
a
t
e
a
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
3
.
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
3
.
C
r
e
a
t
e
a
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
4
.
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
4
.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
sy
st
e
m
4
.
K
e
e
p
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
5
.
A
sse
st
t
h
e
O
u
t
c
o
me
5
.
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
A
ssi
st
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
5
.
Y
i
e
l
d
a
n
d
A
sse
ssm
e
n
t
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
6
.
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
e
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
6
.
D
i
sse
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
7
.
A
sse
ssm
e
n
t
o
f
o
u
t
c
o
me
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
llab
o
r
atio
n
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el,
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ed
ia
an
d
DI
C
KY’
s
s
y
n
tax
e
s
Sy
nta
x
1
:
Def
ine pro
ble
m
a
n
d desi
g
n a
pla
n pro
j
ec
t
I
n
th
is
s
y
n
tax
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
a
n
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m
b
er
o
f
th
in
g
s
to
d
o
o
n
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
is
n
e
w
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el,
n
a
m
el
y
:
(
1
)
L
ec
tu
r
er
:
P
r
o
v
id
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
to
ea
ch
s
t
u
d
en
t
h
o
w
th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
in
t
h
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
(
2
)
L
ec
tu
r
er
s
an
d
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
:
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
v
e,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
as
k
ed
to
d
esig
n
P
r
o
j
ec
t
p
lan
s
eith
er
m
an
u
all
y
o
r
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s
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g
s
o
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t
w
ar
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s
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ch
a
s
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
P
r
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j
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ts
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at
ar
e
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ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es o
f
b
u
i
ld
in
g
a
s
y
s
te
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
v
al
&
R
e
s
E
d
u
c
.
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8822
A
n
ew lea
r
n
in
g
mo
d
el
o
f so
ftw
a
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
in
vo
ca
tio
n
a
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
Dick
y
N
o
fr
ia
n
s
ya
h
)
577
Sy
nta
x
2
:
I
nte
ra
ct
io
n su
pp
o
rt
s
y
s
t
e
m
I
n
th
is
s
y
n
tax
,
t
h
e
p
atter
n
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
t
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at
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ca
r
r
ied
o
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t
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r
elate
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to
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s
e
o
f
I
T
S
(
I
n
telli
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e
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t
T
u
to
r
in
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y
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te
m
)
in
ter
m
s
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im
p
le
m
e
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ti
n
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lear
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i
n
g
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n
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m
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y
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(
1
)
Stu
d
en
ts
v
is
it
th
i
s
I
T
S
an
d
(
2
)
Stu
d
en
t
:
Fin
d
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o
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t
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ial
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ir
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nta
x
3
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s
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ta
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a
lize
all
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o
f
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e
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x
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2
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tin
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t
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nta
x
4
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K
ee
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ntr
o
l a
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it
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ring
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j
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ter
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t p
lan
s
.
Sy
nta
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
2252
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8822
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ased
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ased
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.
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ased
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ased
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(
li
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.
ACK
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ate
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
.
M
.
T
.
Ng
u
y
ễ
n
a
n
d
T
.
T
.
L
.
N
g
u
y
ễ
n
,
"
In
f
lu
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n
c
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o
f
e
x
p
li
c
it
h
ig
h
e
r
-
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rd
e
r
t
h
in
k
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g
sk
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ls
in
stru
c
ti
o
n
o
n
st
u
d
e
n
ts’
lea
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in
g
o
f
li
n
g
u
isti
c
s,"
T
h
in
k
.
S
k
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.
Cre
a
t
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,
v
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2
6
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n
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3
,
p
p
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1
1
3
-
1
2
7
,
De
c
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
S
.
Y.
Öz
e
lçi
a
n
d
G
.
Ç
a
lı
ş
k
a
n
,
"
W
h
a
t
is
c
rit
ica
l
th
in
k
in
g
?
A
lo
n
g
it
u
d
in
a
l
st
u
d
y
w
it
h
tea
c
h
e
r
c
a
n
d
id
a
tes
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
(
IJ
ER
E)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
9
5
-
5
0
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
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