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I
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2
5
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-
8822
I
J
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R
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Vo
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6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
7
1
–
7
8
72
cu
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s
a
n
atte
m
p
t
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
.
t
h
i
n
g
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
o
w
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
i
n
g
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
tau
g
h
t
b
y
a
teac
h
er
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
q
u
an
tita
tiv
e.
Me
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
in
te
n
d
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
e
x
ten
t,
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
,
d
eg
r
ee
o
r
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
th
i
n
g
o
r
o
b
j
ec
t.
I
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
m
ea
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
o
r
m
s
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
o
al
s
,
t
h
en
it
is
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
an
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
.
R
ate
m
o
r
e
em
p
h
a
s
is
o
n
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
n
t
h
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
r
es
u
lts
,
i
n
f
a
v
o
r
o
f
th
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
ed
a
n
d
ar
e
d
ev
o
ted
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
o
ten
tial
i
s
ass
e
s
s
ed
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
u
s
ed
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
[
2
4
]
,
[
3
8
]
I
n
r
ev
ea
lin
g
m
aster
y
o
f
co
n
ce
p
ts
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
ass
es
s
m
en
t
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
r
e
v
ea
l
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
h
ie
v
ed
,
b
u
t
also
ab
o
u
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
h
o
w
a
co
n
ce
p
t
w
as o
b
tai
n
ed
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
8
]
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
teac
h
er
s
a
s
s
e
s
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
j
u
s
t
a
te
s
t,
w
h
er
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
o
n
l
y
d
o
th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
te
s
t
b
o
th
in
i
tial
test
s
(
p
r
etest)
an
d
f
i
n
al
test
(
p
o
s
ttes
t)
n
o
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
test
i
s
a
n
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
to
o
l
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
o
als
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
d
iv
id
u
all
y
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
9
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
A
ct
u
all
y
lear
n
i
n
g
,
esp
ec
iall
y
b
io
lo
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
to
ass
e
s
s
all
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
lo
w
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
ci
tizen
s
cien
ce
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
d
u
e
to
i
m
p
r
o
p
er
u
s
e
o
f
ass
es
s
m
en
t
s
o
th
at
citizen
s
w
ill
b
e
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
to
m
aster
th
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
m
is
m
atc
h
es
b
et
wee
n
lear
n
i
n
g
g
o
als
a
n
d
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
ca
n
p
o
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
1
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
lear
n
in
g
in
clas
s
,
s
tu
d
en
t
s
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
ab
ilit
y
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
m
a
y
n
ee
d
h
elp
in
lear
n
in
g
.
O
f
ten
w
e
f
i
n
d
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
f
i
n
d
d
if
f
icu
lt
y
in
d
i
g
esti
n
g
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
m
atter
as
w
ell
a
s
in
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
lear
n
i
n
g
d
if
f
ic
u
lti
es.
Fi
n
all
y
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
i
s
b
elo
w
av
er
ag
e
o
r
ar
e
n
o
t
in
li
n
e
w
i
th
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
S
tu
d
en
ts
w
h
o
li
k
e
t
h
ese
t
h
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
e
m
ed
ial
teac
h
i
n
g
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
o
n
l
y
ad
eq
u
atel
y
ass
es
s
th
e
tes
t
co
u
r
s
e,
m
o
s
t
t
ea
ch
er
s
ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
test
i
s
an
ac
tiv
it
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
d
o
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
to
r
ea
ch
a
p
r
ed
eter
m
i
n
ed
v
al
u
e,
a
s
t
h
i
s
t
est
m
et
h
o
d
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
.
I
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
co
r
es
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
eter
m
in
ed
t
h
e
n
s
aid
to
h
a
v
e
r
ea
ch
ed
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
lear
n
in
g
,
i
f
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ea
c
h
t
h
e
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
ed
v
al
u
e,
t
h
e
n
th
ese
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
av
e
to
m
ak
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
R
e
m
ed
ial
ai
m
s
to
a
s
s
i
s
t
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
lear
n
i
n
g
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ies.
R
e
m
ed
ial
teac
h
i
n
g
is
a
f
o
r
m
t
h
at
is
a
tr
ea
t,
cu
r
e
o
r
co
r
r
ec
t
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
m
ak
e
i
t
b
etter
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
teac
h
i
n
g
s
o
th
a
t
it
ca
n
b
e
a
h
elp
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
[
3
]
,
[
8]
,
[
1
5
]
.
R
em
e
d
ial
m
e
th
o
d
is
o
f
te
n
d
o
n
e
b
y
teac
h
er
s
as
w
ell
as
t
h
e
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t,
m
o
n
o
to
n
o
u
s
n
atu
r
e.
T
ea
ch
er
s
j
u
s
t
r
ep
ea
t
t
h
e
le
s
s
o
n
o
r
g
i
v
e
b
ac
k
t
h
e
m
a
ter
ial
th
a
t
i
s
le
s
s
d
o
m
in
a
ted
b
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
th
e
n
d
o
th
e
te
s
t a
g
ai
n
,
o
n
an
d
o
n
li
k
e
t
h
at.
I
f
w
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
r
e
m
e
d
ial
n
o
t
h
in
g
b
u
t a
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
le
ar
n
in
g
t
h
at
is
b
ased
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
is
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
(
o
v
er
all)
.
No
t
m
u
c
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
a
d
o
cto
r
w
h
o
d
iag
n
o
s
es
d
is
ea
s
e,
a
teac
h
er
i
s
also
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
iag
n
o
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
in
d
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
in
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
lear
n
i
n
g
,
s
o
as
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
en
f
o
llo
w
ed
u
p
w
it
h
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
icu
l
ti
es,
o
f
co
u
r
s
e,
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
f
o
r
m
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
ati
v
e
e
f
f
o
r
ts
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
r
e
m
ed
ial.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
e
m
ed
ial
u
s
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
lear
n
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
w
i
th
t
h
e
u
s
u
al
lear
n
i
n
g
to
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
m
ater
ial
p
r
ese
n
ted
t
h
u
s
,
b
ec
o
m
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
s
tu
d
y
r
es
u
lt
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
37
]
.
R
e
m
ed
ial
n
o
t
h
in
g
e
ls
e
is
in
cl
u
d
ed
teac
h
in
g
ac
ti
v
itie
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
o
n
l
y
w
h
e
n
th
e
b
as
ic
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
k
n
o
w
n
.
R
e
m
ed
ial
ac
tiv
i
t
y
i
s
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
ac
tio
n
g
i
v
e
n
to
a
s
tu
d
e
n
t
af
ter
a
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
e
v
al
u
atio
n
i
s
d
o
n
e.
R
e
m
ed
ial
g
en
e
r
all
y
in
cl
u
d
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
n
ee
d
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ices
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
co
u
p
led
w
ith
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
teac
h
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
ap
p
lied
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
to
ass
i
s
t
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
ac
h
ie
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
t
h
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
et
s
o
t
h
at
a
p
o
s
it
iv
e
ef
f
ec
t
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
L
o
ca
l
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
i
s
a
p
o
ten
t
ial
t
h
at
h
as b
ee
n
s
ee
n
as o
ld
-
f
a
s
h
io
n
ed
.
I
f
w
e
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
lo
ca
l
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
to
s
av
e
a
v
er
y
v
al
u
ab
le
p
o
ten
tial
to
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
an
d
u
s
ed
in
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
o
n
e
as
s
ess
m
e
n
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
r
e
m
ed
ial.
L
o
ca
l
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
is
t
h
e
h
a
ll
m
ar
k
o
f
a
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ar
ea
o
r
s
tat
e
th
at
h
a
s
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
c
u
lt
u
r
e,
g
r
o
w
n
in
th
e
lo
ca
l
s
co
p
e
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
as
a
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
w
is
e
t
h
at
r
ef
le
cts
h
o
w
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
is
g
en
er
at
ed
,
s
to
r
ed
,
a
p
p
lied
,
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
an
d
in
h
er
ited
[
4
]
,
[
26
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
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I
J
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R
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SS
N:
2252
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8822
V
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ased
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l [
3
2
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as f
o
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s
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Sa
m
p
le
(
)
(
1
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2
.
1
.
D
a
t
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llect
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n T
ec
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qu
e
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o
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ata
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ased
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ased
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n
t
h
e
w
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h
t o
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s
c
o
r
e.
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r
m
o
r
e
d
etails ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
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T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
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Sco
r
e
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n
a
Scale
o
f
5
Va
l
u
e
S
c
o
r
e
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r
i
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r
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a
1
x
> (
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1
,
8
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t
2
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o
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3
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B
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u
f
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e
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i
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o
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st
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h
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co
m
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ati
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al
y
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is
w
a
s
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d
u
cted
to
test
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o
t
h
ese
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o
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t
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d
y
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y
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s
test
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ir
s
t
test
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r
er
eq
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est
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er
eq
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ites
i
n
cl
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d
e
test
s
f
o
r
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o
r
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n
d
h
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m
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e
n
eit
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m
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t
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ata
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o
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e
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y
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g
u
s
i
n
g
C
h
i
-
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u
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e
tes
t
w
ith
SP
SS
v
1
6
.
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m
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y
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n
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m
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h
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s
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i
s
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f
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t <
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en
th
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ata
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m
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a
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m
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er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
i
n
g
SP
S
S
v
1
6
u
s
i
n
g
L
e
v
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test
.
Or
b
y
u
s
in
g
F
te
s
t
w
it
h
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
[
3
6
]
:
w
it
h
S
2
=
v
ar
ian
ts
(
2
)
Ho
m
o
g
e
n
eit
y
o
f
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
f
r
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m
SP
S
S
o
u
tp
u
t
v
al
u
e
V1
6
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
at
p
-
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u
e
L
e
v
e
n
e
te
s
t.
I
f
th
e
p
-
Va
lu
e>
0
.
0
5
,
th
e
n
th
e
d
ata
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
r
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
.
Ho
m
o
g
e
n
eit
y
tes
t
ca
n
also
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
F
tes
t,
h
o
m
o
g
en
eit
y
o
f
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
ce
(
2
-
tailed
)
o
u
tp
u
t
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l,
if
F
co
u
n
t
i
s
s
m
al
ler
th
a
n
F
tab
le
th
e
n
t
h
e
d
ata
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
.
I
f
t
h
e
test
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
s
ar
e
m
et
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
y
t
h
en
p
r
o
ce
ed
to
test
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
is
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
-
test
.
3
.
RE
SUL
T
S
A
ND
ANA
L
YSI
S
3
.
1
.
T
he
Va
lue o
f
Av
er
a
g
e
A
bil
it
y
Student
s
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
d
r
a
w
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
r
es
u
lt
s
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
r
ep
o
r
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
ta
s
k
s
b
as
ed
ass
es
s
m
e
n
t
an
d
r
e
m
ed
ial
l
o
ca
l
w
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s
d
o
m
.
R
e
f
er
r
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
[
1
0
]
T
h
e
av
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ag
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
b
e
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
b
y
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
E
ac
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
ca
te
g
o
r
y
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
id
ea
l
(
Mi)
an
d
th
e
id
ea
l
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
co
r
e
(
SB
I
)
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
a
s
h
ee
t
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
es
a
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le
o
f
5
(
f
iv
e)
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
v
alu
e
an
d
a
s
co
r
e.
Fo
r
m
o
r
e
d
etails a
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Sco
r
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A
v
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g
e
A
b
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y
o
f
St
u
d
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t
s
C
r
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r
i
a
M
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n
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m
u
m
M
a
x
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m
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m
A
v
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d
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a
l
A
v
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r
a
g
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C
a
t
e
g
o
r
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A
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
39
71
6
2
,
2
3
55
G
o
o
d
R
e
me
d
i
a
l
49
80
6
4
,
3
1
6
4
,
5
S
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:2
2
5
2
-
8822
I
J
E
R
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
7
1
–
7
8
74
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
s
b
ased
o
n
lo
ca
l
w
i
s
d
o
m
in
c
lu
d
ed
in
b
o
th
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
d
e
v
elo
p
r
e
m
ed
ial
s
t
u
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
ased
o
n
lo
ca
l
w
i
s
d
o
m
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t.
T
h
ese
ca
teg
o
r
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I
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6
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1
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Ma
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201
7
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7
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76
s
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ased
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1
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2
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F
ig
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ased
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ased
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B
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s
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Fo
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in
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.
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CO
NCLUS
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o
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teac
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f
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asu
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n
Un
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it
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it
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ased
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m
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ase
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o
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th
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lts
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tain
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.
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ile
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m
ed
ial
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ased
o
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m
ca
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aid
en
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g
h
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t
i
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h
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r
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t
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ass
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n
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ial,
it
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s
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t
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m
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o
s
s
ib
le
to
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ev
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s
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o
d
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o
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eth
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g
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m
e
asp
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ts
r
elate
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to
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ev
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m
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f
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o
m
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T
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f
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ev
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ased
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ased
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B
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t
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ased
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.
ACK
NO
WL
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M
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NT
S
Au
t
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to
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id
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t so
th
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h
is
p
ap
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ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
n
d
e
rso
n
,
L
.
W
.
&
Kra
th
w
o
h
l,
D
.
R
.
A
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
f
o
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Lea
rn
in
g
,
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
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n
d
A
ss
e
ss
in
g
:
A
re
v
is
io
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o
f
Blo
o
m
’s
T
a
x
o
n
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m
y
o
f
Ed
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c
a
ti
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l
Ob
jec
ti
v
e
s.
A
Brid
g
e
d
Ed
it
i
o
n
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
A
d
d
iso
n
W
e
sle
y
L
o
n
g
m
a
n
In
c
.
2
0
0
1
.
[2
]
A
rik
u
n
to
,
S
.
T
h
e
b
a
sic
o
f
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
i
n
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
Ja
k
a
rta
:
Bu
m
i
A
k
sa
ra
.
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
Ba
sri,
I.
Y.
S
tu
d
e
n
t
C
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
CA
D
/
CA
M
T
h
ro
u
g
h
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
o
d
e
l
-
Ba
se
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
Re
m
e
d
ial.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
T
&
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
V
o
l.
3
,
N
o
.
1
.
Ha
l.
1
9
-
3
0
.
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
Da
m
a
y
a
n
ti
,
C.
,
De
w
i,
N.
R.
&
A
k
h
li
s,
I.
De
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
CD
f
o
r
L
e
a
rn
in
g
T
h
e
m
e
V
ib
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
W
a
v
e
s
Ba
se
d
L
o
c
a
l
W
isd
o
m
.
Un
n
e
s S
c
ien
c
e
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
.
V
o
l.
2
,
N
o
.
2
.
Ha
l
2
7
4
-
2
8
1
.
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
Eg
g
e
n
,
P
.
&
Ka
u
c
h
a
k
,
D.
S
trate
g
ies
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
T
e
a
c
h
e
rs
. 6
th
E
d
it
io
n
.
B
o
sto
n
:
P
e
a
rso
n
I
n
c
.
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
Ha
m
a
li
k
,
O.
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
B
a
se
d
o
n
C
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
.
B
a
n
d
u
n
g
:
Bu
m
iak
sa
r
a
.
2
0
0
2
.
[7
]
Ha
r
y
o
n
o
,
A
.
A
u
th
e
n
ti
c
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
L
e
a
rn
in
g
to
D
e
p
e
lo
v
in
g
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
A
b
il
it
y
.
J
PE
-
Vo
lu
me
2
,
N
o
mo
r
1.
2
0
0
9
.
[8
]
Isc
h
a
k
,
S
.
W
.
&
W
a
rji
,
R
.
Re
m
e
d
ial
P
r
o
g
ra
m
s in
L
e
a
rn
in
g
P
ro
c
c
e
ss
.
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta:
L
ib
e
rti
.
1
9
8
7
.
[9
]
Ja
c
o
b
s
&
Ch
a
se
.
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
a
n
d
Us
in
g
T
e
st
E
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
:
A
G
u
i
d
e
f
o
r
fa
c
u
lt
y
.
Un
it
e
d
S
tate
s
o
f
Am
e
rica
:
Jo
ss
e
y
-
Ba
ss
In
c
.
1
9
9
2
.
[1
0
]
Ju
m
a
d
i
.
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
Co
m
p
e
ten
c
y
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
,
P
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l,
P
e
rs
o
n
a
l
it
y
a
n
d
S
o
c
ial
P
h
y
sic
s
Tea
c
h
e
r
S
M
A
/
M
A
in
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta.
(P
a
p
e
rs).
L
P
P
KM
U
NY
.
Un
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
.
20
1
2
.
[1
1
]
Ku
m
a
n
o
,
Y.
2
0
0
1
.
A
u
th
e
n
ti
c
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
P
o
rtf
o
li
o
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
-
Its
T
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
.
Ja
p
a
n
:
S
h
iz
u
o
k
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
[1
2
]
M
a
n
su
r
.
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
i
n
t
h
e
Clas
sro
o
m
Ba
se
d
A
ss
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
Un
it
L
e
v
e
l
Cu
rricu
lu
m
(S
BC).
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Qu
a
li
ty
A
s
su
ra
n
c
e
Ag
e
n
c
y
o
f
S
o
u
t
h
S
u
law
e
si p
ro
v
in
c
e
.
M
a
k
a
ss
a
r.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
3
]
M
a
rz
a
n
o
,
R.
J
.
e
t
a
l.
A
ss
e
ss
in
g
S
tu
d
e
n
t
Ou
tc
o
m
e
s:
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
s
se
ss
m
e
n
t
Us
in
g
th
e
Dim
e
n
sio
n
s
o
f
L
e
a
rn
in
g
M
o
d
e
l.
A
lex
a
n
d
ria:
A
s
so
c
iatio
n
f
o
r
S
u
p
e
rv
iso
n
a
n
d
C
u
rricu
l
u
m
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t.
1
9
9
4
.
[1
4
]
M
a
sb
u
r.
Re
m
e
d
ial
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
A
s
A
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
:
A
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
A
n
a
lys
is.
S
c
ien
t
if
ic
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
DID
AKT
IKA
,
V
o
l
.
1
2
(2
),
Ha
l
.
3
4
8
-
3
6
7
.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
M
u
k
h
tar&
Ru
k
m
in
i
.
Re
m
e
d
ial
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
.
Ja
k
a
rta:
P
T
.
Nim
a
sMu
lt
ima
.
2
0
0
5
.
[1
6
]
M
u
ly
a
sa
,
E.
,
T
e
a
c
h
e
rs Co
m
p
e
ten
c
y
S
tan
d
a
rd
s an
d
Ce
rti
f
ica
ti
o
n
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
:
P
T
.
Re
m
a
jaRo
sd
a
k
a
r
y
a
.
2
0
1
1
.
[1
7
]
M
u
sl
ich
,
M
.
A
u
th
e
n
ti
c
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t:
Clas
sro
o
m
-
Ba
se
d
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
e
ten
c
y
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
:
P
T
.
Re
f
i
k
a
A
d
it
a
m
a
.
2
0
1
1
[1
8
]
P
o
p
h
a
m
,
W
.
J.
Clas
sro
o
m
A
ss
e
s
s
m
e
n
t,
W
h
a
t
T
e
a
c
h
e
rs Ne
e
d
it
Kn
o
w
.
Ox
f
o
rd
:
P
e
rg
a
m
o
n
P
re
ss
.
1
9
9
5
.
[1
9
]
P
ra
w
o
to
.
U
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
Bi
o
l
o
g
y
T
e
a
c
h
e
rs
A
g
a
i
n
st
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
M
u
n
icip
a
li
ty
o
f
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
S
trate
g
ies
(P
a
p
e
r).
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta:
IKIP
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta.
1992.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:2
2
5
2
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I
J
E
R
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Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
7
1
–
7
8
78
[2
0
]
P
u
rw
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ti
A
,
R.
,
Ha
rjan
ti
&
P
a
m
u
d
ji
,
S
.
Dia
g
n
o
stic
tes
ts
a
n
d
re
m
e
d
ial
tea
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h
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g
to
im
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ro
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lea
rn
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o
u
tco
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g
r
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d
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th
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n
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1
jak
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o
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st.
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o
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l
o
f
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c
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ti
o
n
Qu
a
li
ty
Ri
m
.
V
o
l
.
1
(1
):
1
-
8
.
2
0
0
8
.
[2
1
]
P
u
sp
a
n
i
.
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
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S
TAD
L
e
a
rn
in
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S
trate
g
ies
Us
in
g
P
o
rtf
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li
o
A
ss
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ss
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e
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t
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n
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ic
A
b
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to
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n
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t
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ra
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Ju
n
io
r
Hig
h
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c
h
o
o
l
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
in
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l
o
g
y
Ed
u
c
a
ti
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n
.
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o
u
rn
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l
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S
c
ien
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l
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e
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o
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se
m
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0
1
3
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l
3
5
2
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3
6
4
.
2
0
1
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.
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2
]
Ra
h
a
y
u
,
T
.
,
P
u
rw
o
k
o
&
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lk
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rd
i
.
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h
e
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v
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lo
p
m
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th
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M
a
th
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m
a
ti
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Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
in
In
d
o
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e
sia
(P
M
RI).
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M
P
N
1
7
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n
P
a
lem
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a
n
g
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J
o
u
rn
a
l
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a
t
h
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s E
d
u
c
a
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n
2
0
0
8
,
Vo
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
.
Ha
l
19
-
35.
2
0
0
8
.
[2
3
]
Re
sn
i
c
k
,
D.P
.
&
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sn
ick
,
L
.
B.
“
S
tan
d
a
rd
s,
Cu
rr
icu
lu
m
,
a
n
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
:
A
Histo
rica
l
a
n
d
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m
p
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ra
ti
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k
ti
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”
Ed
u
c
a
ti
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n
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l
Res
e
a
rc
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r
9
,
5
-
1
9
.
1
9
8
5
.
[2
4
]
Ru
sta
m
a
n
,
N.
Bio
lo
g
y
Lea
rn
in
g
S
trate
g
y
.
M
a
lan
g
:
Un
iv
e
rsitas
N
e
g
e
ri
M
a
lan
g
.
2
0
0
5
.
[2
5
]
S
a
ri,
E.
R.
,
P
ra
se
ty
o
,
A
.
P
.
B
.
&
N.
R.
Uta
m
i
.
Re
m
e
d
ial
L
e
a
rn
in
g
Us
in
g
a
n
a
lo
g
ies
to
Co
n
ten
t
T
ra
n
sp
o
rt
M
e
c
h
a
n
ism
S
e
l.
Un
n
e
s Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bi
o
l
o
g
y
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
Vo
l.
3
(
2
)
(
2
0
1
4
)
[2
6
]
S
a
rti
n
i
.
Ex
p
lo
re
s
L
o
c
a
l
W
isd
o
m
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
a
P
h
il
o
s
o
p
h
ica
l
S
t
u
d
y
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
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f
Ph
i
lo
so
p
h
y
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
2
,
Ha
l.
111
-
1
2
0
.
2
0
0
4
.
[2
7
]
S
a
’u
d
,
U.
S
.
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
in
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
:
A
lf
a
b
e
ta.
2
0
0
8
.
[2
8
]
S
h
a
k
lee
,
B.
D.
e
t.
a
l
.,
De
sig
n
in
g
a
n
d
Us
in
g
P
o
rtf
o
li
o
s
.
U
n
it
e
d
S
tate
s
o
f
Am
e
rica
:
A
ll
y
n
&
Ba
c
o
n
.
1
9
9
7
.
[2
9
]
S
ti
g
g
in
s,
R.
J.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
-
Ce
n
tere
d
Cl
a
ss
ro
o
m
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
M
a
c
m
il
lan
Co
ll
e
g
e
P
u
b
li
sh
in
g
C
o
m
p
a
n
y
.
1
9
9
4
.
[3
0
]
S
u
d
ja
n
a
.
S
t
a
ti
stic M
e
th
o
d
s
.
Ed
isi
6
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
:
T
a
rsito
.
2
0
0
2
.
[3
1
]
S
u
d
ja
n
a
.
L
e
a
rn
in
g
Ou
tco
m
e
s
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
.
Re
m
a
ja
Ro
e
sd
a
k
a
r
y
a
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
.
2
0
0
5
.
[3
2
]
S
u
g
iy
o
n
o
.
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
se
a
rc
h
M
e
th
o
d
s.
Qu
a
n
ti
tativ
e
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
Qu
a
li
tativ
e
a
n
d
R
&
D
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
:
A
l
f
a
b
e
ta.
2
0
1
1
.
[3
3
]
S
u
k
a
rd
i.
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
s
.
Ja
k
a
rta
:
P
T
Bu
m
i
Ak
sa
ra
.
2008.
[3
4
]
S
u
k
id
i
n
,
Ba
sro
w
i&Su
ra
n
to
,
A
c
ti
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
M
a
n
a
g
e
rial
Clas
s
.
In
sa
n
Ce
n
d
ik
ia.
2
0
1
0
.
[3
5
]
S
u
ry
a
,
P
.
Et
n
o
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
L
e
a
d
e
rs
h
ip
i
n
S
c
h
o
o
ls.
T
h
e
a
rti
c
le
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
in
t
h
e
m
a
g
a
z
in
e
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic
D
y
n
a
m
ics
UN
Y
M
a
y
2
0
1
1
.
[3
6
]
S
u
se
ty
o
,
B.
S
tatisti
c
s f
o
r
Da
ta A
n
a
l
y
sis Re
se
a
rc
h
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
:
Re
f
ik
a
A
d
it
a
m
a
.
2010.
[3
7
]
Us
m
a
n
&
S
e
ti
a
w
a
ti
(2
0
0
4
).
C
o
m
p
lete
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s
(M
a
ste
ry
Lea
rn
in
g
).
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ww
.
ji
p
.
p
d
k
jate
n
g
.
g
o
.
id
a
c
c
e
ss
e
d
Ja
n
u
a
ry
1
8
,
2
0
1
6
)
.
[3
8
]
W
ig
g
in
s,
G
.
“
A
T
ru
e
T
e
st:
T
o
wa
rd
M
o
re
A
u
th
e
n
ti
c
a
n
d
Eq
u
it
a
b
le
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
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t
”
.
P
h
i
De
lt
a
Ka
p
p
a
n
7
0
,
(9
)
7
0
3
–
7
1
3
.
1
9
8
4
[3
9
]
W
u
lan
,
A
.
R
.
Us
e
o
f
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
in
lea
rn
in
g
b
io
l
o
g
y
.
A
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
se
m
in
a
r
b
io
l
o
g
y
:
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
tal
b
io
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
b
io
l
o
g
y
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
to
su
p
p
o
r
t
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e
p
r
o
f
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ss
io
n
a
li
sm
o
f
th
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e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
b
io
l
o
g
y
FM
IPA
UPI.
2
0
0
7
.
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