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Dec
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In
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I
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W
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C
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f
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w
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
0
8
8
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8708
I
J
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C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
: 2
8
4
6
–
2
8
5
4
2847
A
C
o
n
tr
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ller
is
r
eq
u
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to
g
et
b
etter
p
er
f
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[8
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9]
.
I
n
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
5
]
s
o
m
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
h
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b
ee
n
m
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e
to
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m
p
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th
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p
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a
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ce
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t
h
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co
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b
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g
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an
a
lo
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ital c
o
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f
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A
C
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C
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Ma
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Ob
j
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h
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P
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p
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f
d
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co
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tr
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s
f
o
r
is
o
lated
DC
-
DC
C
o
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
to
v
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i
f
y
th
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v
alid
it
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h
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d
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ed
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
d
is
tu
r
b
an
c
es.
I
n
Sectio
n
2
,
a
n
o
u
tlin
e
o
f
th
e
W
o
r
k
in
g
P
r
in
c
ip
le
o
f
th
e
C
o
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
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th
e
m
atica
l
Mo
d
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f
th
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F
C
is
p
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esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
3
.
Desig
n
p
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ce
d
u
r
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o
f
th
e
d
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co
n
tr
o
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s
f
o
r
co
n
s
id
er
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
4
.
I
n
Sect
io
n
5
Si
m
u
latio
n
R
es
u
lt
s
a
n
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
f
i
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
ar
e
m
ad
e
ab
o
u
t th
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Secti
o
n
6.
2.
P
RINCI
P
L
E
O
F
O
P
E
R
AT
I
O
N
ACF
C
T
h
e
B
r
ief
r
ev
ie
w
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
[
2
]
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
w
o
s
tate
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
2
.
1
.
P
o
w
er
T
ra
ns
f
er
Sta
t
e
Du
r
in
g
t
h
i
s
s
tate
p
o
w
er
is
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
ed
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
as
th
e
M
OSFET
,
Q
1
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
at
t
0
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
a
m
p
s
u
p
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t
h
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m
ag
n
etizi
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in
d
u
c
to
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.
T
h
e
s
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o
n
d
ar
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d
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D
1
co
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d
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ct
s
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D
2
i
s
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s
h
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n
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n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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lu
m
p
ca
p
ac
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r
C
r
is
d
is
ch
ar
g
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an
d
V
DS
o
f
Q
1
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al
m
o
s
t
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
leak
ag
e
in
d
u
cto
r
is
cr
o
s
s
ed
b
y
t
h
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r
ef
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ted
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tp
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t i
n
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
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w
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[
]
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4.
CO
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g
C
o
n
v
er
ter
.
4
.
1
.
Co
ntinuo
us
-
T
i
m
e
Co
ntr
o
ller
Fro
m
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
A
C
F
C
w
it
h
o
u
t c
o
m
p
en
s
ato
r
,
it is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
u
n
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
lo
o
p
g
ain
h
as
a
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
at
2
0
KHz
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
-
1
0
.
6
d
B
.
So
to
o
b
tain
u
n
it
y
g
a
in
at
2
0
k
Hz
t
h
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
s
h
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
a
g
a
in
o
f
+1
0
.
6
d
B
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
h
ase
m
ar
g
in
a
P
D
co
m
p
en
s
a
to
r
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
d
c
g
ain
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
=4
√
√
(
5
)
T
o
o
b
tain
a
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
g
ai
n
o
f
1
0
.
6
d
B
th
e
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
g
ai
n
m
u
s
t b
e
√
(
6
)
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
P
D
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
is
:
(
7
)
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
er
e
is
s
tead
y
s
tate
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
a
n
in
v
er
te
d
ze
r
o
.
B
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
ze
r
o
at
2
0
0
0
Hz
w
h
ic
h
is
o
n
e
ten
t
h
o
f
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
t
h
e
s
tead
y
s
tate
er
r
o
r
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
P
I
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
is
.
T
h
e
to
tal
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
is
g
i
v
e
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
E
q
u
atio
n
(
8
)
B
y
s
i
m
u
lati
n
g
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
in
t
h
e
M
A
T
L
A
B
So
f
t
w
ar
e
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
h
ase
m
ar
g
in
an
d
ze
r
o
v
o
lt
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
i
s
ac
h
i
ev
ed
w
ith
th
e
h
elp
o
f
d
esi
g
n
e
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
S
h
o
w
s
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
w
ith
C
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ti
m
e
P
I
D
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f V
a
r
io
u
s
Dig
ita
l
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
fo
r
F
o
r
w
a
r
d
C
o
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
A
ctive
C
la
mp
(
R
a
vi
n
d
r
a
Ja
n
g
a
)
2850
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ou
tp
u
t V
o
lta
g
e
W
av
ef
o
r
m
o
f
AC
F
C
w
it
h
P
I
D
C
o
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
4
.
2
.
Dis
cr
et
e
-
T
i
m
e
Co
ntr
o
lle
r
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
av
ailab
le
to
d
es
ig
n
d
i
g
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
a
s
w
itc
h
in
g
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
av
ailab
le
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
d
es
ig
n
d
ig
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
(
i)
Di
g
ita
l
R
ed
esi
g
n
Me
t
h
o
d
a
n
d
(
ii)
Di
r
ec
t
Dig
i
tal
d
esi
g
n
Me
th
o
d
[
8
]
.
4
.
2
.
1
.
Dig
it
a
l R
edesig
n M
e
t
ho
d
I
n
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
,
f
ir
s
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
esig
n
ed
in
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
–
ti
m
e
w
it
h
th
e
h
elp
g
e
n
er
alize
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
an
d
th
e
n
d
es
ig
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
d
ig
ital
f
o
r
m
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
to
g
et
d
esire
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
o
tr
an
f
o
r
m
th
e
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
-
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
in
t
o
d
ig
ital
f
o
r
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
av
ailab
le.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
ass
o
ciate
d
E
q
u
atio
n
s
to
d
is
cr
etize
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ti
m
e
m
o
d
el
i
n
to
d
ig
ital
f
o
r
m
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Dis
cr
etiza
tio
n
Me
th
o
d
s
D
i
scre
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
Z
-
d
o
mai
n
T
u
st
i
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
Z
e
r
o
O
r
d
e
r
H
o
l
d
M
e
t
h
o
d
u
(
t
)
=
u
[
k
]
k
T
s≤
k
≤
(
k
+
1
)
t
s
F
i
r
st
O
r
d
e
r
H
o
l
d
me
t
h
o
d
u
(
t
)
=
u
[
k
]
+
M
a
t
c
h
e
d
P
o
l
e
Z
e
r
o
M
e
t
h
o
d
Z
=
e
sT
T
u
s
tin
Me
t
h
o
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
w
h
o
le
lef
t
h
al
f
p
lan
e
o
f
th
e
s
-
d
o
m
ai
n
i
n
to
th
e
i
n
s
id
e
u
n
it
cir
cle
o
f
z
-
d
o
m
ai
n
.
T
h
e
Z
OH
d
ev
ice
g
en
er
ate
s
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
u
(
t)
b
y
h
o
ld
in
g
ea
ch
s
a
m
p
le
v
al
u
e
u
[
k
]
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
v
er
o
n
e
s
a
m
p
le
p
er
io
d
.
First
-
o
r
d
er
h
o
ld
(
FOH)
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
Z
OH
b
y
t
h
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
in
g
h
o
ld
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
.
T
o
tu
r
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
a
m
p
les
u
[
k
]
i
n
to
u
(
t)
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
i
n
p
u
t
,
FOH
u
s
es
lin
ea
r
i
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
a
m
p
le
s
.
T
h
is
m
e
t
h
o
d
is
g
e
n
er
all
y
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
th
a
n
Z
O
H
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
d
r
iv
en
b
y
s
m
o
o
th
in
p
u
t
s
.
Ma
tch
ed
p
o
le
ze
r
o
m
e
th
o
d
p
r
eser
v
es
t
h
e
p
o
le
ze
r
o
lo
ca
tio
n
b
u
t
th
er
e
is
a
n
alia
s
in
g
e
f
f
ec
t
i
n
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
.
An
d
th
i
s
m
eth
o
d
g
i
v
es
al
m
o
s
t
s
i
m
ilar
r
es
u
lts
o
f
T
u
s
tin
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
tio
n
.
W
it
h
th
e
h
elp
o
f
ab
o
v
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
8
)
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
d
ig
ital
f
o
r
m
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
5
e
-
6
Hz
an
d
t
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
d
ig
ital c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
as f
o
ll
o
w
s
,
T
u
s
tin
Me
t
h
o
d
=
(
9
)
Z
er
o
o
r
d
er
h
o
ld
Me
th
o
d
=
(
1
0
)
First o
r
d
er
Ho
ld
Me
th
o
d
=
(
1
1
)
Ma
tch
ed
P
o
le
Z
er
o
Me
th
o
d
=
(
1
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
: 2
8
4
6
–
2
8
5
4
2851
W
ith
th
e
h
elp
o
f
ab
o
v
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
o
f
d
ig
i
t
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
co
n
s
id
er
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
i
m
u
lated
in
MA
T
L
A
B
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
Si
m
u
lin
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
AC
F
C
w
it
h
Di
s
cr
ete
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t t
y
p
e
s
o
f
d
ig
ital c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Si
m
u
li
n
k
Mo
d
el
o
f
AC
F
C
w
it
h
Dis
cr
ete
-
ti
m
e
P
I
D
C
o
m
p
en
s
ato
r
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Var
iatio
n
o
f
Ou
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
AC
F
C
w
it
h
Dis
cr
ete
-
ti
m
e
P
I
D
C
o
m
p
en
s
ato
r
s
4
.
2
.
2
.
Dire
ct
Dig
it
a
l D
esig
n
M
e
t
ho
d
T
o
d
esig
n
a
d
i
g
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
y
d
ir
ec
t
d
i
g
ital
d
esi
g
n
m
e
th
o
d
,
f
ir
s
t,
it
n
ee
d
s
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
-
ti
m
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
AC
F
C
in
to
Dis
cr
ete
ti
m
e
Mo
d
el
[
1
4
]
an
d
t
h
e
n
n
ee
d
to
d
esi
g
n
a
d
ig
i
tal
co
n
t
r
o
ller
d
ir
ec
tly
i
n
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
d
o
m
ai
n
b
y
u
s
in
g
m
atc
h
ed
p
o
le
ze
r
o
m
et
h
o
d
.
W
ith
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
m
atch
ed
p
o
le
-
ze
r
o
m
et
h
o
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
d
el
o
f
AC
F
C
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
to
d
ig
ital
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
Dis
cr
ete
-
ti
m
e
T
r
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
A
C
FC
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
(
1
3
-
18
)
.
(
1
3
)
(
1
4
)
(
1
5
)
(
1
6
)
(
1
7
)
(
1
8
)
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
d
i
s
cr
ete
-
ti
m
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
A
C
F
C
i
s
v
er
y
s
u
itab
l
e
to
d
esig
n
t
h
e
d
i
g
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
ir
ec
tl
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
R
o
o
t
lo
cu
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
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icate
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P
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9
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d
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7
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Fig
u
r
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7
r
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(
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ter w
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n
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2852
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ou
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t V
o
lta
g
e
W
av
ef
o
r
m
o
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Dir
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t D
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e
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3
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wo
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L
o
o
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ntr
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Fro
m
th
e
ab
o
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e
r
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s
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
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ed
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e
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to
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et
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ce
o
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ter
t
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n
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ller
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
[
1
5
-
17]
.
A
u
t
h
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r
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ar
e
p
r
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ted
a
p
ap
er
[
1
5
]
t
o
d
esig
n
a
t
w
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ller
f
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it.
W
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tical
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al
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an
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Fig
u
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t
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t
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r
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m
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u
r
e
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.
Ou
tp
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t V
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lta
g
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Wa
v
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r
m
o
f
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F
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w
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h
T
w
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L
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p
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o
n
tr
o
ller
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
J
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C
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Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
: 2
8
4
6
–
2
8
5
4
2853
5.
R
E
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fro
m
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
es
u
lts
,
it
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
ze
r
o
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
d
ig
ita
l
r
ed
esig
n
m
et
h
o
d
r
ep
r
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t
th
e
T
u
s
tin
m
et
h
o
d
is
g
iv
in
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t
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e
m
o
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e
ac
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ate
ap
p
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x
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m
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io
n
f
o
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th
e
co
n
ti
n
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o
u
s
-
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
a
n
d
to
d
esig
n
a
d
ig
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
y
d
ir
ec
t
d
i
g
ital
d
es
ig
n
m
et
h
o
d
m
atch
ed
p
o
le
ze
r
o
m
et
h
o
d
i
s
p
r
ef
er
ab
le.
T
o
an
aly
ze
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
is
ap
p
lied
at
b
o
th
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
A
li
n
e
s
tep
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
5
V
is
ap
p
lied
an
d
5
0
%
o
f
lo
ad
s
tep
ch
a
n
g
e
is
ap
p
lied
.
B
y
an
al
y
zi
n
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
i
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
atio
n
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
–
t
i
m
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
‟
s
d
ig
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
p
r
ef
er
ab
le.
A
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
in
g
le
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
t
w
o
lo
o
p
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
g
i
v
i
n
g
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
An
d
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
s
i
n
g
le
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
s
o
m
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
,
i.e
.
an
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
li
n
e
o
r
lo
ad
m
u
s
t
f
ir
s
t
b
e
s
en
s
ed
as
an
o
u
tp
u
t
ch
a
n
g
e
an
d
th
e
n
co
r
r
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
.
T
h
is
u
s
u
all
y
m
ea
n
s
s
lo
w
er
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
ad
d
s
t
w
o
p
o
les
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
eit
h
er
a
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
-
p
o
le
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
o
ll
-
o
f
f
at
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
a
m
p
li
f
ier
o
r
an
ad
d
ed
ze
r
o
in
th
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
.
C
o
m
p
en
s
a
tio
n
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
co
m
p
licated
b
y
t
h
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
lo
o
p
g
ai
n
v
ar
ies
w
it
h
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
An
d
t
h
e
t
w
o
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
o
f
s
i
m
p
ler
d
y
n
a
m
ics,
r
o
b
u
s
t
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
,
i
n
h
er
en
t
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ain
s
t
ex
ce
s
s
i
v
e
s
w
itc
h
cu
r
r
en
ts
o
n
a
c
y
cle
b
y
c
y
cle
b
asis
an
d
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
at
u
r
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
/el
i
m
i
n
ated
6
.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
d
esi
g
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
d
esig
n
d
ig
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
an
A
cti
v
e
C
la
m
p
Fo
r
w
ar
d
C
o
n
v
er
ter
(
AC
F
C
)
.
B
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
o
b
t
ain
ed
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
b
ilin
e
a
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
to
d
esig
n
a
d
is
cr
ete
-
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
y
a
d
ig
ital
r
ed
esi
g
n
m
et
h
o
d
an
d
th
e
P
o
le
ze
r
o
m
atc
h
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
d
esig
n
a
d
ig
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
y
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
d
ig
ital
d
esi
g
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
o
g
et
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
t
w
o
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
d
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
t
h
at
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
in
g
le
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
ller
t
w
o
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
iv
i
n
g
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fin
al
l
y
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
a
4
8
V
i
n
p
u
t
A
C
F
C
.
T
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
d
ig
ital
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
th
e
Si
m
u
l
atio
n
r
esu
lts
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
at
lo
ad
en
d
as
well
as a
t th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
e
n
d
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
h
e
Histo
ry
o
f
th
e
f
o
rwa
rd
c
o
n
v
e
rter b
y
Ru
d
y
S
e
v
e
rn
s.
T
a
n
,
F
.
D.,
[2
]
“
T
h
e
f
o
rwa
rd
c
o
n
v
e
rter:
f
ro
m
th
e
c
las
sic
to
th
e
c
o
n
tem
p
o
ra
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2
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1
4
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a
rc
h
2
0
0
2
,
P
a
g
e
s: 8
5
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–
8
6
3
.
[3
]
F
o
n
ta
n
A
,
Ollero
S,
d
e
la
Cru
z
E
.
S
e
b
a
stian
J,
"
Pea
k
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o
n
tro
l
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li
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h
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c
ti
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la
mp
"
,
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o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ialists Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
.
1
9
9
8
,
v
o
l
.
I,
p
p
.
4
5
-
5
1
.
[4
]
“
Ac
ti
v
e
Cla
m
p
a
n
d
Re
se
t
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
En
h
a
n
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e
s
F
o
rw
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rd
Co
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v
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r
P
e
rf
o
rm
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n
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e
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o
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e
r
S
u
p
p
ly
De
sig
n
S
e
m
in
a
r
S
EM
−
1
0
0
0
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T
o
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ic
3
,
b
y
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l
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k
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T
e
x
a
s In
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m
e
n
ts
L
it
e
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tu
re
No
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S
L
UP1
0
8
.
YES
[5
]
“
De
sig
n
in
g
f
o
r
Hig
h
e
f
f
icie
n
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y
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it
h
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ti
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la
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8
9
1
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W
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o
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r”
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li
c
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ti
o
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re
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o
rt,
T
e
x
a
s
In
stru
m
e
n
ts.
[6
]
Ch
risto
p
h
e
P
.
Ba
ss
o
.
”
S
w
it
c
h
m
o
d
e
p
o
w
e
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p
li
e
s”
,
T
h
e
M
c
G
ra
w.Hil
l
Co
m
p
a
n
ies
,
P
a
g
e
s:7
3
9
-
7
9
5
.
[7
]
“
Ac
ti
v
e
Cla
m
p
T
ra
n
s
f
o
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m
e
r
Re
se
t:
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h
S
id
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L
o
w
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id
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?
”
.
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p
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L
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2
2
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p
tem
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e
r
-
2
0
0
4
,
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e
x
a
s
In
stru
m
e
n
ts.
[8
]
Y.Du
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n
,
H.Ji
n
“
Dig
it
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l
Co
n
tro
l
ler De
sig
n
f
o
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s
w
it
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h
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o
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P
o
w
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rters
”
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1
9
9
9
.
[9
]
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n
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re
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n
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DC
-
DC
Co
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rte
rs
”
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g
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g
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0
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M
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EL
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rk
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o
p
).
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0
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ij
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a
n
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jg
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ru
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a
lch
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ra
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ri
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o
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ti
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rd
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tre T
a
p
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n
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E
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o
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rn
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l
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e
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h
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m
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0
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5
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s
4
4
7
-
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5
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1
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a
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m
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r
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L
P
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ti
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ru
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g
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n
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tern
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l
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m
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tatio
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,
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4
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s;
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–
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e
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rc
h
DL
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EIE
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2
0
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4
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5
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[1
2
]
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rt
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g
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n
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c
“
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me
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o
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tro
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u
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ti
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it
io
n
,
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p
rize
r
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u
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li
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a
ti
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n
s.
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3
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v
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d
ra
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n
g
a
,
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u
sh
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m
a
M
a
la
ji
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mp
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rw
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rd
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m
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o
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c
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n
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.
2
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4
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2
1
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.
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4
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ip
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u
o
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h
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m
g
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n
d
R.
M
.
Ne
lm
s
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ler
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sig
n
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f
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c
k
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n
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rt
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rs
Us
in
g
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o
t
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u
s T
e
c
h
n
iq
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e
”
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EE
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f
e
re
n
c
e
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ro
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g
s,
2
0
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p
p
.
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8
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.
[1
5
]
Ra
v
in
d
ra
Ja
n
g
a
,
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u
sh
a
m
a
M
a
laji
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Ave
ra
g
e
C
u
rr
e
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e
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o
n
tro
l
ler
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p
p
li
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mp
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r
wa
rd
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o
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v
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h
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u
rr
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b
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u
ll
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ti
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e
r”
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n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
in
IEE
E
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RET
-
2
0
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3
,
S
e
a
rc
h
DL
ID:
0
3
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ET
S
.
2
0
1
3
.
2
.
2
3
,
P
u
b
li
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a
ti
o
n
Ye
a
r:
2
0
1
3
,
P
a
g
e
(s):
1
1
8
–
1
2
2
.
[1
6
]
W
a
k
h
y
u
Dw
io
n
o
“
F
u
z
z
y
P
I
C
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
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n
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o
st
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o
n
v
e
rter
In
tern
a
ti
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n
a
l
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u
r
n
a
l
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
”
(
IJ
ECE
)
V
o
l
.
3
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
~
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2
0
IS
S
N:
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0
8
8
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8
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0
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ter w
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ctive
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la
mp
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R
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Ja
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[1
7
]
Ola
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ra
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i
m
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u
ly
m
a
n
A
.
Y.
Am
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d
a
,
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M
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m
m
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a
n
i
y
u
A
.
Ka
re
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m
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e
rf
o
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n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
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o
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h
re
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ID
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o
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tr
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ll
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in
g
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
o
n
a
P
ro
c
e
ss
P
lan
t”
(
IJ
ECE
)
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o
l
.
5
,
N
o
.
5
,
Oc
t
o
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e
r
2
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E
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RS
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r
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v
in
d
r
a
J
a
n
g
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b
o
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n
o
n
1
4
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p
r
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4
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in
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n
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r,
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d
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ro
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il
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ializa
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tri
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En
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s
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P
r
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re
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rtme
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Ku
k
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ll
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Hy
d
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ra
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Wav
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o
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w
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ra
l
&
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u
z
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rt
S
y
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m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.