Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2021
, pp.
451
~
457
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v11
i
1
.
pp
451
-
457
451
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
M
-
ar
y ph
ase
-
shift ke
ying
u
sing
fini
te impul
se respo
nse
f
ilt
er
b
ase
d
on
w
ind
ow
f
un
ctio
n
m
ethod
Ra
e
d S.
M.
D
araghm
a
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al a
nd
Ele
ct
roni
cs
Engi
n
eering
,
Pa
le
stin
e
T
ec
hni
ca
l
Univer
s
ity
(Kadorr
ie
)
,
P
al
esti
n
e
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
27
, 201
9
Re
vised
Jun
2
9
,
20
20
Accepte
d
J
ul
11
, 2
0
20
Digit
al
filters
ar
e
vastly
u
ti
l
ized
in
the
area
of
comm
unic
at
ion.
A
per
fect
digi
tal
filter
eff
ic
i
ency
is
signif
ic
an
t
and
hen
ce
to
design
a
di
git
al
f
ini
t
e
impuls
e
response
fil
t
er
(FIR)
fav
ora
ble
al
l
the
wa
nte
d
situations
is
nec
essar
y
.
In
thi
s
pape
r,
a
new
proposed
FIR
digi
ta
l
fi
lt
e
r
designe
d,
th
e
fine
ness
of
the
subm
it
te
d
filter
is
te
st
ed
in
term
s
of
BER
and
the
n
m
atche
d
with
ano
ther
window,
namel
y
Ham
m
ing,
Hanning,
and
Black
m
an.
The
d
esig
n
proc
edur
e
done
in
the
MA
TL
AB
software
.
It
is
conc
lud
ed
t
hat
th
e
Bl
ac
km
a
n
window
is
the
b
est
window
to
design
the
FIR
digi
t
al
f
il
t
er,
bec
ause
it
is
bi
t
err
or
ra
te
is
bet
t
er
th
an anot
h
er
window.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
B
it
err
or
rate
FI
R fil
te
r
M
-
ary
ph
ase
-
s
hift
keyi
ng
(
MPS
K
)
W
i
ndow
f
un
ct
i
on
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ra
ed
S
. M. Da
raghm
a
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nics
E
nginee
rin
g
,
Pale
sti
ne
Tec
hnic
al
Unive
rsity
(K
a
dor
rie),
Tulk
am
,
Pale
sti
ne.
Em
a
il
:
R.dar
ag
hm
eh@
ptuk.e
du.
ps
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Digital
filt
ers
can
be
cl
assi
fied
in
in
finite
r
esp
on
se
(IIR)
dig
it
al
filt
er
and
finite
im
pu
lse
respo
nse
(F
IR
)
dig
it
al
f
il
te
rs.
A
n
FI
R
m
et
ho
d
has
m
any
pro
fita
ble
featu
res,
s
uc
h
as
only
zer
os
,
syst
em
stab
il
it
y,
rap
i
d
work
i
ng
velocit
y,
li
ne
ar
ph
ase
ad
va
ntage
s
an
d
la
y
ou
t
el
ast
ic
it
y,
so
F
IR
has
be
en
vastly
util
iz
ed
i
n
dig
it
al
au
dio
,
i
m
age
process
ing
,
data
c
onve
ya
nce
an
d
ot
her
dom
ai
ns
.
In
pa
per
[
1],
the
aut
hor
des
ign
e
d
OFDM
to
co
m
pact
the
influ
ence
of
m
ult
ipath
rece
ptio
n,
by
sp
li
tt
ing
the
br
oa
dba
nd
fr
e
quency
-
c
ho
os
i
ng
channel
to
nu
m
ero
us
st
rict
l
evel
sub
cha
nnel
s,
w
hich
progresses
t
he
s
pectral
capaci
t
y,
and
he
disc
us
se
d
the
renderi
ng
of
sever
al
wi
ndow
f
unct
ions
.
I
n
pa
per
[
2],
th
e
author
de
vel
op
e
d
a
fr
es
h
two
-
pa
ram
et
er
window
gaine
d
by
the
com
pound
of
tw
o
windows
,
rec
ognize
d
a
s
ex
pone
ntial
and
ham
m
ing
,
outc
om
es
off
er
that
the
subm
i
tt
ed
window
can
su
pply
prefe
ra
ble
rip
ple
rati
o
tha
n
oth
e
r
windows.
In
pap
e
r
[
3],
the
auth
or
com
par
ed
the
s
ign
al
'
s
m
agn
it
ude
f
reque
ncy
outl
ines,
wh
ic
h
hav
e
bee
n
produced
t
he
filt
er
i
nf
l
uen
ce
of
sev
eral
dig
it
al
filt
ers,
var
i
ou
s
proces
ses
su
ch
as
f
r
equ
e
ncy
sam
pling
,
wi
ndow
functi
on
an
d
conve
x
optim
izati
on
m
echan
ism
ar
e
op
e
rated
em
plo
yi
ng
MAT
LAB
in
the
st
yl
ing
of
FI
R
f
il
te
r.
In
pap
e
r
[4
]
,
the
a
utho
r
us
ed
MATLAB
t
o
def
i
ne
filt
er
pa
ram
et
ers
and
si
m
ulate
FI
R
band
pass
filt
ers
via
wind
ow
f
unct
ion
pr
ocedu
re.
The
outc
om
es
dem
on
strat
ed
that
the
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
t
he
pr
e
par
e
d
f
il
te
r
at
ta
ins
th
e
sp
eci
fic
de
m
and
s
.
In
pa
pe
r
[5
]
,
auth
or
pr
opose
d
a
ne
w
ada
ptable
wind
ow
f
un
ct
io
n,
est
a
blishe
d
from
i
nteg
rati
on
o
f
t
ang
e
nt
hype
rbolic
fun
ct
ion
an
d
m
easur
e
d
c
os
ine
se
qu
e
nce,
t
he
filt
er
prepa
re
d
uti
li
zi
ng
the
s
ubm
itted
window
m
od
e
m
ini
m
iz
es add
i
ti
ve
w
hite Ga
ussi
an no
ise
from
the ECG
sig
nal m
or
e accu
r
at
el
y t
han
Kai
ser win
dow.
In
pa
per
[6
]
,
t
he
exec
utio
n
of
Ham
m
ing
,
Han
ning
wind
ow
has
bee
n
exam
ined
co
nsi
der
in
g
thei
r
extent
reacti
on,
sta
ge
reacti
on
,
pro
portio
nal
com
m
otio
n
data
tran
sfe
r
capaci
ty
,
side
flap
m
ov
e
width,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
11
, No
.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021
:
451
-
457
452
the
reacti
on
in
tim
e
and
recurre
nce
sp
ac
e
ut
il
iz
ing
MATL
AB.
I
n
pa
pe
r
[
7],
the
aut
hor
pr
ese
nted
FI
R
filt
er
desig
n
by
dif
f
eren
t
window
functi
ons,
he
inclu
ded
t
hat
Bl
ackm
an
window
is
the
pe
rfec
t
,
since
it
s
side
lo
be
m
ake
ef
fici
ent
tha
n
a
no
t
her
window.
I
n
pa
per
[
8],
t
he
a
ut
hor
m
od
ifie
d
a
m
od
ern
window
f
un
ct
io
n
f
or
FI
R
filt
er
with
a
pro
gr
e
ssed
f
requen
cy
res
ponse
.
T
he
window
functi
on
wa
s
pro
duced
a
nd
a
pp
li
e
d
to
c
al
culat
e
the
fr
e
quency
respo
ns
e
of
disti
nct
kinds
of
FI
R
filt
ers.
I
n
pap
e
r
[
9],
the
auth
or
wor
ke
d
in
ti
m
e
do
m
ai
n
unit
sam
ple
resp
on
se,
f
reque
ncy
do
m
ai
n
res
ponse
of
sine
f
unct
ion
is
e
xam
i
ned.
T
he
ou
t
put
of
F
IR
la
yout
by
Bl
ackm
an
wind
ow
an
d
Ham
m
ing
window
are
done
in
hi
s
pap
e
r.
I
n
pa
per
[
10]
,
the
auth
or
prese
nte
d
FI
R
dig
it
al
filt
er
usi
ng
Ham
m
ing
window
m
et
ho
d,
this
window
is
op
ti
m
iz
ed
to
dec
rease
the
extrem
e
side
lob
e
.
In
pa
per
[
11
]
,
the
a
uthor
re
viewe
d
diff
e
re
nt
ki
nd
s
of
w
indows
li
ke:
Trian
gu
la
r,
Re
ct
angular,
Ha
nnin
g,
Ham
m
ing
and
Bl
ack
m
an,
diff
e
ren
t
pro
pe
rtie
s
in
tim
e
an
d
fr
e
quency
dom
ai
n
discuss
ed;
diff
e
re
nt
side
lo
be
at
te
nu
at
io
n
an
d
tra
ns
it
ion
pre
sented
.
I
n
pap
e
r
[
12
]
, au
t
hor
pro
gr
e
ssed
f
requen
cy
r
es
ponse
f
or
s
uppressi
on
side
lob
e
at
te
nuat
io
n;
his
pro
po
se
d
wind
ow
has
bette
r
perf
or
m
ance
m
a
tc
hed
to
popula
rly
util
iz
ed
window
s
uch
a
s
ham
m
ing
,
Hannin
g
a
nd
Bl
ackm
an
window.
In
pa
pe
r
[
13
]
,
auth
or
prese
nt
ed
a
new
f
unct
ion
wh
ic
h
use
d
t
o
des
gin
a
n
F
IR
filt
er
.
T
he
s
u
gg
e
ste
d
wind
ow
is
m
at
ched
with
H
am
m
ing
&
Kaise
r
W
indow
.
T
he
ou
tc
o
m
e
ind
ic
at
es
that,
the
su
ggest
e
d
window
i
m
prov
e
s
side
-
l
ob
e
ro
ll
-
off
rati
o
than
ham
m
ing
&
Kaiser
W
i
ndow.
In
pa
pe
r
[14],
FI
R
filt
er
is
form
ulate
d
in
MATLAB
em
plo
yi
ng
eq
uiri
pp
le
m
od
e
an
d
the
sa
m
e
fil
te
r
is
conntect
ed
on
Xili
nx
S
pa
r
ta
n
go
al
re
gio
n
-
program
m
a
ble
ou
tl
et
ar
r
ay
a
ppli
ance
em
plyi
ng
V
HD
L
.
The o
utcom
es o
f
all
the f
il
te
rs
d
em
on
sta
te
th
e superi
or
it
y o
f
FI
R
filt
er w
it
h
W
T
.
In
pap
e
r
[
15
]
,
auth
or
us
e
d
sign
al
to
no
ise
a
nd
a
ver
a
ge
power
to
c
om
par
e
ECG
Sig
nal,
befor
e
a
nd
after
filt
erin
g.
The
outc
om
es
are
m
easur
ed
util
iz
at
ing
Gaussi
an,
Ba
rtle
tt
and
Hann
wi
ndow
est
ablishe
d
FIR
filt
er.
In
pap
e
r
[16],
plan
m
eth
od
of
lowpass
FI
R
filt
er
e
m
plo
yi
ng
di
ff
e
rn
e
t,
window
m
e
t
hods
are
int
rod
uce
d.
The
f
undam
ent
al
go
al
of
this
pap
e
r
is
to
exa
m
ine
the
sta
bili
t
y,
filt
er
arr
ang
em
ent
and
the
filt
er
degre
e
for
var
i
ou
s
wi
ndow
te
ch
niques
.
The
res
ults
de
m
on
strat
e
that
the
s
up
e
rio
rity
of
filt
er
la
yo
ut
by
util
iz
ing
ha
m
m
ing
window
te
ch
ni
qu
e
si
nce
it
ha
s
bette
r
pe
rfo
rm
ance
i
n
te
rm
s
of
sta
bili
ty
and
a
li
nea
r
ph
a
se.
I
n
pap
e
r
[
17
]
,
auth
or
intr
oduc
ed
the
de
finiti
on
an
d
fun
dam
ental
co
nce
pts
of
FI
R
dig
it
al
filt
ers,
a
nd
the
plan
ning
te
c
hniqu
e
s
form
ed
on
M
ATL
AB.
Af
te
r
the
de
pecti
on
of
t
he
procedu
re
of
la
yout
of
a
FIR
ba
nd
-
pa
ss
filt
er
,
the
outc
om
es
sh
ow
t
hat
di
ffern
et
perf
or
m
ance
of
t
he
de
sign
e
d
F
IR
f
il
te
r
at
ta
in
the
sepecifie
d
de
sired,
the
destine
d
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
eas
y.
In
pa
per
[
18]
,
a
com
par
at
ive
analy
sis
of
sp
eech
sig
nal
is
per
form
ed
us
in
g
diff
e
re
nt
wind
ow
te
ch
ni
qu
es
.
It
can
be
gai
n
ed
from
the
s
i
m
ulate
d
ou
tc
om
es
that
Bl
ac
km
an
window
ho
ld
s
near
ly
m
ulti
ple
pow
e
r
as
m
at
c
hed to
Ham
m
i
ng and
Ha
nn
i
ng
window.
In
pa
pe
r
[19],
author
desi
gned
m
echan
is
m
s
of
di
gital
low
pass
F
IR
filt
ers
e
m
plo
yi
ng
rectangula
r
window
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
,
Ham
m
ing
wind
ow,
Ha
n
ning
window,
and
opti
m
a
l
par
ks
Mc
Cl
el
la
n
te
chn
iq
ue
a
re
qiv
e
n.
The
sta
bili
ty
,
f
igure
of
el
em
n
ts
need
e
d
a
nd
f
il
te
r
coef
fici
en
ts
exp
la
ine
d
f
or
disti
nict
la
yo
ut
m
e
tho
ds.
I
n
pap
e
r
[20],
a
uthor
giv
en
c
om
par
at
ive
s
urvey
of
di
ff
ere
nt
filt
ers
us
in
g
disti
nict
wi
ndow
.
It
ha
s
bee
n
noti
ced
t
hat
Kaiser
window
is
bette
r
f
or
noise
f
ree
sig
nal
.
I
n
pa
pe
r
[
21]
,
auth
or
give
n
t
he
de
finiti
on
a
nd
m
ai
n
co
nce
pts
of
FI
R
di
gital
filt
ers,
the
m
at
l
ab
pr
ogram
is
e
m
plo
ye
d
to
pe
r
form
FI
R
filt
er
us
in
g
r
evised
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
of
ham
m
ing
wi
ndow
functi
on
and
com
pu
te
t
he
e
qu
i
valent
no
ise
ba
ndwi
dt
h.
I
n
pa
per
[
22]
,
aut
hor
c
om
par
ed
the
fr
e
quency
response
of
the
ad
j
us
te
d
window
with
that
of
Ham
m
ing
window
with
quantiz
ed
a
nd
popoula
rized
e
m
pirical
ou
tc
om
es.
In
pap
e
r
[2
3],
aut
hor
us
e
d
low
-
pas
s
FI
R
filt
e
r
in
the
sp
eech
filt
erin
g
i
m
ple
m
entat
io
n.
T
he
filt
er
is
us
ed
to
a
re
c
orde
d
sp
eec
h
s
ign
al
to
ta
ke
out
high
-
fr
e
que
ncy
com
po
sit
ion
s
of
the
sp
eech
sig
nal.
Sig
nal
co
m
par
ison
in
ti
m
e
and
fr
eq
ue
ncy
fiel
d
betw
een
filt
ered
spe
ech
an
d
or
i
gin
al
sp
eec
h
pro
ves
that
a
high
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
com
po
sit
ion
of
t
he
m
ai
n
spe
ech
si
gn
al
s
uc
cessi
vely
rem
ov
e
s
by
util
iz
ing
this
low
pass
filt
er.
I
n
pap
e
r
[
24
]
,
auth
or
analy
ze
d
differe
nt
F
IR
filt
er
desig
n
m
et
ho
ds
f
or
re
al
iz
at
ing
lo
wes
t
le
vel
order.
In p
a
per [
25
]
, a
utho
r pre
sented
v
a
rio
us ap
p
r
oac
hes o
f desig
ning the
FI
R
filt
er usin
g Xil
inx
IS
E
to
ol.
In
this
P
ape
r,
we
s
uggest
a
f
init
e
i
m
pu
lse
r
esp
on
se
(
FI
R)
dig
it
al
filt
er
se
t
up
on
wi
ndow
functi
on
te
chn
iq
ue
to
a
tt
ai
n
M
PS
K.
The
s
uggeste
d
M
PS
K
is
si
m
ple
to
pe
rfor
m
and
it
s
bi
t
err
or
rate
(
BER
)
perform
ance
m
at
ched
to
tra
diti
on
al
M
PS
K.
I
n
ad
diti
on,
we
m
a
tc
hed
the
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
se
ver
al
w
indow
functi
ons
perf
or
m
ed
in
t
he
M
PSK
inclu
ding
Ham
m
ing
,
He
nn
i
ng
an
d
Bl
ackm
an
windows.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n,
the
disti
nct
wi
ndow
functi
on
s
m
ay
resu
lt
in
seve
ral
form
s
an
d
c
oeffici
ents
su
c
h
as
bit
er
ror
rate,
wh
ic
h
m
a
y
assist
us
to
se
le
ct
the
su
it
ab
le
window
f
unct
ion
t
o
pla
n
the
filt
er.
T
he
pap
e
r
is
co
ordinate
d
as
f
ollows:
in
Sect
io
n
2
,
we
de
pict
the
fun
dam
ental
M
PSK
c
onne
ct
and
t
he
pur
po
s
e
of
F
IR
fi
lt
er
dep
e
nd
on
window
functi
on,
a
nd
ha
nd
so
m
e
desig
n
sta
nd
a
r
d
f
or
the
digi
ta
l
FI
R
filt
er.
Sect
io
n
3
ha
nds
the
sim
ulati
on
and
analy
sis
of
M
-
a
ry
phase
-
sh
i
ft
keyi
ng
(
M
PSK
)
m
at
ched
to
tra
diti
onal
MPSK
.
T
hi
s
pa
per
is
e
nded
with
con
cl
ud
i
ng c
om
m
ents in
sect
ion
4
.
2.
M
-
P
SK
COM
MUNI
CA
TI
O
N
S
YS
TE
M
In
this
par
t
,
w
e
de
pict
the
pr
inciple
M
PSK
li
nk,
the
de
sig
n
of
F
IR
dig
it
al
filt
er
de
pe
nd
on
wi
ndow
functi
on tech
ni
qu
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
M
-
ary
phas
e
-
s
hift
keyi
ng u
si
ng fi
nite i
m
pulse
resp
onse fi
lt
er base
d
…
(
R
ae
d S. M.
D
ar
ag
hma)
453
2.1
.
C
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
li
nk
The
se
ndin
g
da
ta
is
discrete
bin
a
ry
flo
w;
t
he
si
gn
al
wa
ve
is
m
od
ulate
d
in
order
to
t
r
ansm
it
i
t
via
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
li
nk
to
m
i
ti
gate
the
inf
luence
of
no
i
se.
I
n
LTE
s
yst
e
m
,
M
-
ary
ph
ase
-
s
hift
keyi
ng
(M
PS
K)
is
use
d.
T
he
bi
nary
di
gits
1
a
nd
0
m
ay
be
pe
rfor
m
ed
by
t
he
a
nalo
g
plan
es
+
√
an
d
−
√
resp
ect
ively
.
T
he
cha
nnel
is
add
it
ive
w
hite
Gau
s
sia
n
no
ise
(AWGN
)
wi
r
el
ess
channel.
The
filt
er
is
f
(n)
is
FI
R
dig
it
al
fil
te
r,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
em
plo
y
disti
nct
ty
pes
of
window
f
unct
ion
s.
Mo
re
over
,
the
recei
ver
is
the op
posit
e p
r
ocedu
re
of
t
he se
nder.
A
wh
o
le
M PS
K
c
onne
ct
ion
is s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
1
.
.
Figure
1.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram
o
f
−
t
ran
sm
issi
on
-
r
e
cepti
on
The recei
ve
d
si
gn
al
f
or
M
PSK
=
{
1
+
,
ℎ
1
0
+
,
0
(1)
The
c
onditi
ona
l pro
bab
il
it
y dist
ribu
ti
on
f
un
ct
ion
(PDF
) of
y
for
the
tw
o
sta
t
es are:
(
/
0
)
=
1
√
0
−
(
+
√
)
2
0
(2)
(
/
1
)
=
1
√
0
−
(
−
√
)
2
0
(3)
Assum
ing
that
1
and
0
are
eq
ually
prob
a
ble
,
the
prob
a
bili
ty
of
er
ror
giv
en
1
is
transm
i
tt
ed,
will
be
giv
e
n
a
s:
(
/
1
)
=
1
2
(
√
0
)
(
4)
wh
e
re
(
)
=
2
∫
−
2
∞
(
5)
is t
he
c
om
ple
m
entary er
r
or
f
unct
ion.
Likewise,
the
proba
bili
ty
o
f
er
ror give
n
1
is t
ran
sm
itted as:
(
/
0
)
=
1
2
(
√
0
)
(
6)
The o
ver
al
l
prob
a
bili
ty
o
f bit
erro
r
is:
=
1
2
(
√
0
)
(
7)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
11
, No
.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021
:
451
-
457
454
2.2
.
Fil
ter d
es
ign
The
ou
t
pu
t
si
gn
al
̂
(
)
is
ta
ken
by
cr
os
sin
g
t
he
sig
nal
(
)
dur
ing
a
filt
er
(
)
,
w
hich
ca
n
be
dep
ic
te
d as a
c
onvoluti
on m
eth
od:
̂
(
)
=
(
)
∗
(
)
(
8)
Subseque
ntly
,
we
util
iz
e
the
window
f
un
ct
ion
te
ch
niqu
e
to
la
yout
th
e
FI
R
filt
er
and
we
use
a H
a
nn
i
ng, Ha
m
m
ing
an
d B
la
ckm
an
window.
Ha
nn
i
ng w
i
ndow fu
nctio
n i
s g
ive
n by:
ℎ
(
)
=
(
0
.
5
−
0
.
5
(
2
−
1
)
)
(
)
(
9)
The Ham
m
ing
window
functi
on is
giv
e
n by:
ℎ
(
)
=
(
0
.
54
−
0
.
46
(
2
−
1
)
)
(
)
(
10)
The
Bl
ackm
an win
dow funct
i
on is:
(
)
=
(
0
.
42
−
0
.
5
(
2
−
1
)
+
0
.
08
cos
(
4
−
1
)
)
(
)
(11)
wh
e
re
(
)
is recta
ngular
seque
nc
e.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
FI
R fil
te
r
is:
(
)
=
(
)
.
(
)
(12)
wh
e
re
(
)
one
of
t
he
th
ree
-
wind
ow fu
nctio
n
is,
(
)
is t
he
i
deal li
ne
ar
ph
ase
f
il
te
r
.
3.
SIMULATI
O
N AND
A
NAL
YS
IS
In
this
sect
io
n,
the
perform
ance
of
F
IR
dig
it
al
filt
er
with
di
ff
ere
nt
wind
ow
f
un
ct
io
ns
a
r
e
exam
ined.
Diff
e
re
nt w
in
dow funct
io
ns
is u
ti
li
zed in
MPSK
and its B
ER per
f
or
m
ance
is g
iven
in Fi
gures b
e
lo
w.
Fi
g
ure
2
sh
ows
4PS
K
BER
curves
in
diff
e
re
nt
wi
nd
ow
f
unct
io
ns.
We
ca
n
see
that
the
4PS
K
without
us
i
ng
any
window
f
unct
ion
s
is
ba
d,
we
can
dr
a
w
co
nc
lusio
n
that
the
per
f
orm
ance
of
Bl
ackm
an
window
is
the
best
com
par
ed
t
o h
a
m
m
ing
a
nd hann
i
ng w
i
ndow.
In Fig
ure
3,
w
e ca
n fin
d
th
at
the p
e
rfo
rm
a
nce
of
all
wind
ow
s
g
et
bad
(
eac
h
window
f
un
ct
io
n
ne
eds
m
or
e
energy
at
the
sa
m
e
bit
err
or
rate)
because
we
inc
rease
the
num
ber
of
sy
m
bo
ls f
ro
m
1
00
0
to
20
00.
Figure
2
.
BER
us
in
g dist
inct
window
functi
on
s
com
par
ed
t
o
th
e traditi
onal
4P
SK
,
n
um
ber
of
sy
m
bo
ls =
1000
Figure
3
.
BER
us
in
g dist
inct
window
functi
on
s
com
par
ed
t
o
th
e traditi
onal
4P
SK
,
n
um
ber
of
sy
m
bo
ls =
2000
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
M
-
ary
phas
e
-
s
hift
keyi
ng u
si
ng fi
nite i
m
pulse
resp
onse fi
lt
er base
d
…
(
R
ae
d S. M.
D
ar
ag
hma)
455
Fig
ure
4
s
how
s
the
Bl
ackm
a
n
wind
ow
fun
ct
ion
is
the
be
st
on
e.
F
ro
m
Fig
ure
5
it
is
obviously
seen
that
the
8PSK
has
bette
r
pe
rfor
m
ance
f
or
al
l
wind
ow
f
u
nct
ion
s
com
par
e
d
to
4PSK
.
Fi
g
ure
6
s
hows
a
s
pecific
com
par
ison
of
16PS
K
with
out
wi
ndow
fun
ct
ion
,
Ham
m
in
g,
Ha
nn
i
ng
an
d
Bl
ackm
an.
It
is
seen
that
t
he
best
perform
ance
in
te
rm
s
of
bit
er
ror
rate
is
a
Bl
ackm
an
wind
ow.
I
n
Fi
g
ure
7,
it
is
ob
viously
seen
that
t
he
e
nergy
for
al
l wi
ndow
functi
ons a
re
de
creased
, but t
he
e
rror was
in
creased
.
Figure
4
.
BER
us
in
g dist
inct
window
functi
on
s
com
par
ed
t
o
th
e traditi
onal
8P
SK
,
n
um
ber
of
sy
m
bo
ls =
1000
Figure
5
.
BER
us
in
g dist
inct
window
functi
on
s
com
par
ed
t
o
th
e
tradit
io
nal 8P
SK
,
n
um
ber
of
sy
m
bo
ls =
2000
Figure
6
.
BER
us
in
g dist
inct
window
functi
on
s
com
par
ed
t
o
th
e traditi
onal
16
PSK
,
n
um
ber
of
sy
m
bo
ls =
1000
Figure
7
.
BER
us
in
g dist
inct
window
functi
on
s
com
par
ed
t
o
th
e traditi
onal
16
PSK
,
n
um
ber
of
sy
m
bo
ls =
2000
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
t
his
pa
pe
r,
we
prpo
s
ed
a
ne
w
filt
ere
d
MP
SK
us
in
g
wind
ow
f
un
ct
io
n
FIR
filt
er.
Th
e
MPSK
sig
nal
is
achieve
d
by
conv
olu
ti
ng
the
orginial
MPSK
si
gnal
with
the
FI
R
filt
er.
T
he
perform
ance
of
di
sti
nic
t
window
functi
on
s
has
bee
n
ex
am
ined.
Co
m
par
at
ively
,
t
he
blackm
an
has
bette
r
wit
h
MPS
K
perf
or
m
ance
in
te
rm
s
of
bi
t
err
or
rate
th
an
ham
m
ing
and
ha
nn
i
ng
window
functi
on
s
.
T
he
blackm
an
sh
ould
be
ou
r
fir
s
t c
ho
ic
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
11
, No
.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021
:
451
-
457
456
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We
w
ould
say
to
than
k
f
or
t
hat
suppo
rt
our
resea
rch.
W
e
sincerely
than
k
the
an
onym
ou
s
re
viewe
rs
for
thei
r
c
ons
tructi
ve
c
omm
ents
an
d
s
ugge
sti
on
s
.
I
ne
ver
f
orget,
m
y
deep
t
hank
for
m
y
un
i
ver
sit
y:
Pale
sti
ne
Tec
hnic
al
Unive
rsity
K
ad
oorei
(PTUK
).
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
X.
Cheng,
et
al.,
“
A
Filt
ere
d
OF
DM
U
sing
F
IR
Filt
er
Based
on
W
indow
F
unct
ion
Method
,
”
83
rd
Ve
hi
cul
a
r
Technol
ogy
Con
fe
rnce
(
VTC spring)
,
pp.
1
-
5
,
201
6.
[2]
Kem
al
A
.
V
.
C
.
I
.,
“
Design
of
FIR
Filt
ers
usin
g
expone
nti
ona
l
Hamming
W
in
dow
Fam
il
y
,
”
Tur
ki
sh
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
Eng
in
ee
ring a
nd
Compter
Sc
ie
nc
es
,
vo
l.
24
,
no
.
4
,
pp
.
2
513
-
2524,
2016
.
[3]
M.
Iqba
l
,
et
al.,
“
Anal
y
asis
and
Design
of
FIR
F
il
te
rs
using
W
in
dow
Functi
on
in
MA
TL
AB
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journ
al
of
Computer
En
ginne
ering
and
I
nfromation
Tech
nology
,
v
ol
.
3
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
42
-
47
,
2015.
[4]
R.
Suklam
and
C.
Pirak
,
“
Multi
band
Digit
a
l
Fil
te
r
Design
for
W
CDMA
Sy
ste
m
s
,
”
Inte
rnation
al
Confe
rnce
on
Circui
t, Sy
st
em and Simulation
(
IPCSIT
)
,
v
ol.
7
,
2011.
[5]
H.
Rakshit
and
M.
Ulla
h
T
.,
“
FIR
Filt
er
Design
Uisng
an
Adjustabl
e
No
v
el
W
indow
and
Its
Applic
a
ti
on
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of Engi
ne
e
ring a
nd
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“
FIR
Digit
al
Filt
er
D
esigne
d
B
y
usi
ng
Ham
m
i
ng
and
Hanning
(wi
ndow)
Method
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of Pure
an
d
Applied Mathem
ati
cs
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a
an
d
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ar,
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Us
i
ng
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rne
t
W
i
ndows
Functi
ons
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”
Inte
rnationa
l
Rsearc
h
of
Eng
i
nee
ring a
nd
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hnology
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a
cha
r
y
a
,
“
A
m
odifi
ed
window
func
ti
on
f
or
FIR
fil
te
r
d
esgin
with
an
impr
oved
fre
quen
c
y
response
and
it
s
comparsion
with
the
Ham
m
ing
window
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Scienc
e
Eng
in
ee
ring
and
Te
ch
nology
R
ese
arch
,
v
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M.
M
y
unddin,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Des
i
gning
a
Low
Pass
Filt
er
FIR
Digit
al
Filt
er
b
y
using
Ham
m
ing
W
indo
w
and
Bla
ckma
n
W
indow
Te
chn
i
que
,
”
Sc
ie
nc
e Jo
urnal
of
C
ircui
ts
,
Syst
ems and
Si
gnal
Proc
essing
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.
Islam,
et
al
.
,
“
Desgin
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er
Us
ing
Ham
m
ing
W
indow
,
”
Inte
rnat
ional
Journal
of
Eme
rging
Re
search
i
n
Manage
ment
an
d
Technol
og
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M.
Kaur
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S.
Kaur
,
“
FIR
Low
Pass
Filt
er
Desgining
Us
ing
Diffe
ren
t
W
indow
Functi
ons
an
d
t
hei
r
Com
par
sion
using
MA
TL
AB
,
”
Int
ernat
ion
al
Journal
of
A
dvanc
ed
Re
sear
ch
in
Elec
tric
al
,
Elec
troni
cs
and
Instrum
ent
ation
Engi
ne
ering
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v
ol
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3
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2016
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[12]
P.
Das
and
M.
Karm
aka
r
,
“
A
New
W
indow
Fun
ct
ion
to
Desgin
FIR
Filt
er
with
an
Im
prove
d
Freque
nc
y
Response
for
Suppress
ing
Side
L
ob
e
Att
en
uat
ion
and
Stud
y
Com
par
sion
with
th
e
o
the
r
W
indows
,
”
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
Engi
ne
ering
R
ese
arch
and
T
ec
hn
ology
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IJERT)
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[13]
M.
Shil,
e
t
a
l.,
“
An
adj
ustable
wi
ndow
func
ti
on
t
o
desgin
an
FIR
fil
ter
,
”
IEEE
Int
ernati
onal
Conf
e
rnce
on
Imaging
,
Vi
sion a
nd
Patte
rn R
ec
ogn
it
ion
,
pp.
1
-
5
,
2017
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[14]
A.
Mitt
al
l
,
e
t
al.,
“
Com
par
ative
stud
y
of
16
-
or
der
FIR
filter
d
esign
using
diff
ere
nt
m
ult
iplicat
ion
techniqu
es
,
”
The
insit
uat
ion
o
f
eng
inne
ring a
n
d
technology,
IE
T Circui
ts,
Dev
i
ce
s
&
Syste
ms
,
v
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11
,
no
.
3
,
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196
-
200,
2017
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[15]
S.
Sharm
a
and
R.
Narwari
a
,
“
Perform
anc
e
Evalu
at
ion
of
Vari
ous
W
indow
Te
chniques
for
Noise
Canc
e
ll
a
ti
on
from
ECG
Signal
,
”
In
te
rnational
Jour
nal
of
Computer
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
v
o
l.
93
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n
o
.
19
,
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.
1
-
5,
2014
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[16]
E
.
Singhal
,
“P
erf
orm
anc
e
Anal
y
sis
of
Finit
e
Im
pulse
Respons
e
(FIR)
Filt
er
Design
Us
ing
Vari
ous
W
indo
w
Method
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
S
ci
en
ti
f
ic
R
ese
arch
Eng
ineering
&
Technol
ogy
(
IJS
R
ET)
,
v
ol.
1,
no
.
5,
pp.
18
-
21
,
2012
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[17]
E.
Kum
ar,
et
al
.,
“
Design
of
Bandpa
ss
Finit
e
Im
pulse
Response
Filt
er
Us
ing
Vari
ous
Wi
ndow
Method
,
”
Int.
Journal
o
f
E
ngine
ering
Re
s
e
arch
and
App
lic
ati
ons
,
v
o
l. 3,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
1057
-
10
61,
2013
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[18]
J.
Saini
and
R
.
Mehra
,
“
Pow
er
Spec
tra
l
De
nsit
y
Anal
y
sis
of
Speec
h
Sign
al
using
W
indo
w
Te
chn
ique
s
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Comput
er
Applications
,
v
ol.
131,
n
o.
4
,
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33
-
36
,
2015
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[19]
G.
Gauta
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Spectral
An
aly
s
is
of
Rec
t
an
gula
r,
Hann
ing,
Ham
m
ing
and
Kaise
r
W
indow
for
Digit
al
FIR
Filt
er
,
”
Inte
rnat
i
onal
Journal
of
Adv
anc
ed
Smar
t
Conve
rgen
ce
,
v
ol.
4
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n
o
.
2
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1
38
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[20]
J.
Ferdous
and
M.
Ali
,
“
A
Surv
e
y
R
epor
t
for
Pe
rform
anc
e
Anal
ysis
of
Finit
e
Im
p
luse
Response
Digit
a
l
Filt
er
Us
ing
Diffe
rne
t
W
indo
w
Te
chn
ique
s
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Re
searc
h
in
Engi
ne
erin
g
and
Techno
lo
gy
,
v
o
l.
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n
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2,
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-
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,
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13.
[21]
E.
Kaur
and
E.
S
.
Kaur
,
“
Desig
n
of
FIR
fil
te
r
u
sing
hanni
ng
window,
hamm
ing
window
and
modi
fie
d
hamm
ing
windows
,
”
Inte
r
nati
onal
Journal
of
Ad
vanced
Re
search
in
Co
mputer
Engi
ne
e
ring
&
Technol
ogy
(
IJA
RCE
T)
,
v
ol.
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
pp
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-
2443,
201
5.
[22]
A.
Bhat
t
ac
har
y
a
,
“
A
m
odifi
ed
window
func
ti
on
f
or
FIR
fil
te
r
des
ign
with
an
impr
oved
fre
quen
c
y
response
and
it
s
compari
son
with
the
Ham
m
ing
window
,
”
I
nt
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Scienc
e,
Enginee
ring
and
Te
c
hnology
R
ese
arc
h
(
IJS
ETR)
,
v
ol.
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,
n
o.
5,
pp.
1122
-
1128,
2015
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[23]
S.
Raj
put
and
S.
Bhada
uri
a
,
“
Im
ple
m
ent
a
ti
on
of
FIR
Filt
er
using
Adjustabl
e
W
in
dow
Functi
on
an
d
Its
Applicati
o
n
in
Spee
ch
Signa
l
Proce
ss
ing
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journ
al
of
Adv
an
ce
s
i
n
Elec
tri
cal
and
El
e
ct
ronics
Enginee
ring
,
v
ol
.
1
,
n
o.
2
,
pp
.
158
-
1
64,
2012
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[24]
G.
S.
Gawand
e,
et
al.,
“
Perfom
a
n
ce
Anal
y
sis
o
f
FIR
Digital
Fi
lt
er
Design
T
echnique
s
,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Computing
and
Corpor
tae
Re
ser
ch
,
v
o
l. 2,
no
.
1,
pp.
1
-
9
,
2012
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[25]
K
.
Danda
d
e
an
d
P.
I
ndurka
r
,
“
Revi
ew
on
De
sign
of
Digi
ta
l
FIR
Filt
ers
,
”
In
te
rnational
R
ese
arch
Journal
o
f
Engi
ne
ering
and
Technol
og
y
(
IR
JE
T)
,
v
ol. 4,
no
.
2,
pp
.
358
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362
,
2017
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
M
-
ary
phas
e
-
s
hift
keyi
ng u
si
ng fi
nite i
m
pulse
resp
onse fi
lt
er base
d
…
(
R
ae
d S. M.
D
ar
ag
hma)
457
BIOGR
AP
H
Y
O
F
AU
TH
OR
Raed
S.
M.
Da
raghma
was
born
in
1977
in
P
al
esti
n
e,
h
e
re
ceive
d
his
m
aste
r
degr
ee
from
Jordan
scie
n
ce
a
nd
technolog
y
in
elec
tr
ical
and
c
om
m
unic
at
ion
e
ngine
er
ing
Jorda
n
in
2010
,
and
he
got
h
is
P.H.
D
degr
ee
from
a
nadol
u
univ
ersity
,
turk
e
y
in
201
6.
He
h
as
publi
s
hed
num
ber
of
pape
rs
and
jour
nal
s.
He
has
en
gage
d
in
edu
cat
iona
l
work
m
any
y
e
ars
m
anly
t
ea
ch
es
digi
t
al
comm
unic
at
ion,
m
obil
e,
d
igi
t
al
comm
unic
at
ion
net
works
et
c
.
at
Pale
stin
e
t
ec
hn
ic
a
l
univers
i
t
y
P.T
.
U.
His
m
ai
nl
y
rese
arc
h
ar
ea
s
inc
lud
e
wire
le
ss
sensor
net
work,
signal
proc
e
ss
ing
and
el
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
wave
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.