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e
n
o
n
i
n
v
asi
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
t
h
at
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
7
]
.
Op
tical
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
in
v
a
s
iv
e
b
lo
o
d
g
l
u
co
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
v
ar
io
u
s
b
o
d
y
p
ar
ts
:
f
in
g
er
,
p
al
m
,
ar
m
,
f
o
r
ea
r
m
,
ea
r
lo
b
e,
ch
ec
k
,
etc.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
is
to
ir
r
ad
iate
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
r
an
g
e
o
f
o
p
ti
ca
l
r
ad
iatio
n
o
n
th
e
a
v
asc
u
lar
r
eg
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
a
n
d
o
b
tain
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
P
h
o
to
p
let
h
y
s
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
i
g
n
a
l
(
P
P
G)
.
Nea
r
-
in
f
r
ar
ed
(
NI
R
)
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
w
h
ic
h
u
s
e
s
li
g
h
t
in
(
7
5
0
-
2500
nm
)
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
r
an
g
e
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
w
i
d
ely
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
o
p
tical
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
i
ts
h
i
g
h
p
en
etr
atio
n
i
n
s
k
in
s
,
v
e
r
y
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
a
f
f
o
r
d
ab
le
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
o
p
tical
m
et
h
o
d
s
[7
-
9
]
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
an
d
s
i
n
t
h
ese
r
eg
io
n
s
ar
e
co
m
b
in
at
i
o
n
o
v
er
to
n
e
b
an
d
(
2
0
0
0
–
2
5
0
0
n
m
)
,
f
ir
s
t
o
v
er
to
n
e
b
an
d
(
1
4
0
0
–
2
0
5
0
n
m
)
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
o
v
er
to
n
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
an
d
s
(
7
5
0
–
1
5
5
0
n
m
)
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
ab
s
o
r
b
an
ce
o
f
th
e
g
l
u
co
s
e
b
o
n
d
s
(
C
-
H,
O
-
H)
is
s
tr
o
n
g
i
n
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
an
d
f
ir
s
t
o
v
er
to
n
e
r
eg
io
n
s
b
u
t
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
in
th
e
s
e
r
eg
io
n
s
d
u
e
to
th
r
ee
ca
u
s
es.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
d
r
asti
c
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
l
y
t
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
d
u
e
to
o
t
h
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
lik
e
w
ater
an
d
last
l
y
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
in
f
a
tt
y
ti
s
s
u
e.
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
v
er
to
n
e
r
eg
io
n
w
h
i
c
h
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ar
e
les
s
a
f
f
o
r
d
ab
le,
tis
s
u
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
is
lo
wer
an
d
lig
h
t
p
e
n
etr
atio
n
is
h
i
g
h
er
,
b
u
t
g
l
u
co
s
e
h
as
w
ea
k
er
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
an
d
it
n
ee
d
s
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
n
o
is
e
i
n
t
h
e
an
alo
g
s
en
s
in
g
cir
c
u
it
to
b
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
ed
m
u
c
h
b
elo
w
th
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
[
1
1
,
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
to
u
s
e
NI
R
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
g
l
u
c
o
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
en
s
o
r
is
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
an
d
B
GC
.
A
s
t
h
e
P
P
G
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
tio
n
ar
tif
ac
t
in
d
u
ce
d
er
r
o
r
s
,
it
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
th
at
t
h
i
s
n
o
is
e
h
as
to
b
e
f
ilte
r
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
g
iv
i
n
g
it
to
t
h
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
esti
m
ati
n
g
g
l
u
co
s
e
lev
el
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
o
p
tical
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
b
ased
o
n
NI
R
li
g
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
(
9
4
0
n
m
)
w
h
er
e
g
l
u
co
s
e
h
as
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
c
h
r
o
m
o
p
h
o
r
es
o
f
b
lo
o
d
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
etec
to
r
i
s
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
w
i
th
a
n
alo
g
cir
cu
it
a
n
d
B
u
tter
w
o
r
th
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
m
o
o
t
h
i
n
g
th
e
P
P
G
s
i
g
n
a
l
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
p
ea
k
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
P
G
an
d
a
p
r
iv
ate
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ca
lib
r
atio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
u
b
j
ec
t
is
b
u
ilt
b
et
w
ee
n
P
P
G
an
d
th
e
b
lo
o
d
g
l
u
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
u
s
ed
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
in
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
it
h
1
0
h
ea
lth
y
v
o
l
u
n
teer
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
io
n
i
n
th
e
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
2
0
-
3
6
y
ea
r
s
(
in
clu
d
i
n
g
b
o
th
m
ale
a
n
d
f
e
m
ale
v
o
l
u
n
teer
s
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
iv
ate
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ca
l
i
b
r
atio
n
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
b
u
il
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
u
b
j
ec
t
s
ep
ar
atel
y
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
th
er
to
av
o
id
th
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
b
e
t
w
ee
n
p
er
s
o
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
cir
cu
m
f
er
en
ce
o
f
a
s
u
b
j
ec
t'
s
f
i
n
g
er
,
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
b
o
d
y
f
lu
id
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
o
u
g
h
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
s
k
i
n
th
a
t
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
th
e
s
c
atter
in
g
o
f
li
g
h
t,
etc.
T
h
ese
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
o
p
er
ties
co
u
ld
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
P
P
G
r
ea
d
in
g
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
b
ee
n
b
u
i
lt
in
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
P
P
G
r
ea
d
in
g
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
r
e
p
ea
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
ec
t
io
n
s
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
g
lu
co
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
N
I
R
m
et
h
o
d
is
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
S
ec
tio
n
2
.
Ma
ter
ial
an
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
s
,
an
a
lo
g
s
en
s
in
g
c
ir
cu
it,
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
an
d
d
ata
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
R
e
s
u
lt
s
a
n
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
an
d
Sectio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
e
s
th
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
P
RINCI
P
L
E
O
F
B
L
O
O
D
G
L
UCO
S
E
M
E
ASURE
M
E
N
T
T
h
e
NI
R
r
eg
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
is
n
o
r
m
al
l
y
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
to
r
an
g
e
(
f
r
o
m
7
8
0
n
m
to
2
5
0
0
n
m
)
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
th
e
m
o
lecu
lar
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
g
lu
co
s
e
m
o
lec
u
le
i
s
C
6
H1
2
O6
,
w
h
ich
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
C
-
H,
O
-
H
an
d
C
=O
b
o
n
d
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
ese
b
o
n
d
s
ca
u
s
es
t
h
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
NI
R
lig
h
t
i
n
b
lo
o
d
o
r
o
th
er
h
u
m
a
n
b
lo
o
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
NI
R
tr
an
s
m
itta
n
ce
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ea
r
lo
b
es
an
d
f
in
g
er
tip
s
b
u
t
f
o
r
f
o
r
ea
r
m
s
a
n
d
ch
ee
k
s
,
r
ef
lecti
v
e
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
v
er
y
lo
w
p
en
et
r
atio
n
o
f
NI
R
[
1
3
]
.
W
h
en
a
b
ea
m
o
f
n
ea
r
-
in
f
r
ar
ed
l
ig
h
t
is
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
f
i
n
g
er
tip
an
d
r
ea
c
h
es
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
d
etec
to
r
s
en
s
o
r
,
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
s
k
in
tis
s
u
e
an
d
b
lo
o
d
w
ill
w
ea
k
en
t
h
e
b
ea
m
,
th
u
s
th
e
p
h
o
to
elec
tr
i
c
s
ig
n
a
l
o
f
d
etec
to
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
ill b
e
atten
u
ated
.
T
h
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
th
e
B
ee
r
-
L
a
m
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er
t la
w
:
(
1
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W
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e
: I
n
cid
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t li
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s
it
y
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I
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T
r
an
s
m
itted
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t i
n
te
n
s
it
y
.
L
: L
i
g
h
t p
ath
L
e
n
g
t
h
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
1
7
3
6
-
1746
1738
:
T
h
e
effec
tiv
e
atte
n
u
atio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
d
ef
i
n
ed
in
(
2
)
(
2
)
L
i
g
h
t
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
in
tis
s
u
e
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
ef
f
icie
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t
an
d
r
ed
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ce
d
s
c
atter
in
g
co
ef
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icie
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T
h
e
μ
a
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
tis
s
u
e
c
h
r
o
m
o
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r
es c
o
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
a
n
d
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
(
3
)
.
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
Ɛ
: E
x
tin
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
.
C
: L
iq
u
id
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
th
at
m
ea
n
s
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
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co
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ce
n
tr
at
io
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i
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r
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k
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ch
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i
th
v
ar
iati
o
n
in
g
l
u
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n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
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h
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
(
)
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
(
4
)
.
(
4
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W
h
er
e
g
is
th
e
an
i
s
o
tr
o
p
y
f
ac
to
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d
is
th
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
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A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
b
lo
o
d
g
l
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o
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e
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ce
n
tr
at
io
n
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u
s
e
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a
ch
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g
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i
n
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h
e
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te
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y
o
f
li
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t
s
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tter
ed
f
r
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m
th
e
tis
s
u
e.
T
h
e
g
lu
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
ex
tr
ac
el
lu
lar
f
lu
id
(
E
C
F)
in
cr
ea
s
es
w
h
e
n
it
in
cr
e
ases
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b
lo
o
d
w
h
ile
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at
o
f
ti
s
s
u
e
ce
lls
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e
m
ai
n
s
co
n
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ta
n
t
an
d
t
h
e
r
ef
r
ac
ti
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e
in
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e
x
o
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C
F(
η
E
C
F)
ap
p
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o
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th
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o
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ce
ll
s
(
ap
p
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o
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1
.
3
5
0
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1
.
4
6
0
)
h
en
ce
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g
to
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e
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ec
r
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e
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th
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r
o
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er
ties
o
f
s
ca
tter
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g
[
1
0
,
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mo
lecu
lar
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
g
l
u
co
s
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
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ip
tio
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o
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e
f
f
ec
t o
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g
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s
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o
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li
g
h
t
p
ath
3.
M
AT
E
RIAL
A
ND
M
E
T
H
O
D
S
3
.
1
.
T
he
s
elec
t
io
n o
f
w
a
v
ele
ng
t
hs
A
s
t
u
d
y
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
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l
u
co
s
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
t
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s
p
ec
tr
u
m
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o
r
d
er
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o
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e
th
e
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r
r
esp
o
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d
in
g
w
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v
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n
g
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h
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
r
an
g
es
o
f
[
9
0
0
–
9
8
0
]
n
m
ex
is
t
s
th
e
n
ea
r
-
i
n
f
r
ar
ed
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g
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r
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[
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eo
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er
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h
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e
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o
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tic
“
t
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w
i
n
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o
w
”
w
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tis
s
u
e
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n
d
lig
h
t
p
en
etr
atio
n
is
h
i
g
h
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
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ed
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ad
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itio
n
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e
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tr
o
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ic
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th
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cu
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t
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as
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ee
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p
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ess
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u
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elo
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g
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tp
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t
[
1
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1
1
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1
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]
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
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tr
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9
0
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d
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n
m
3
.
2
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P
ho
t
o
plet
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s
m
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g
ra
ph
y
(
P
P
G
)
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
b
lo
o
d
f
lo
w
ca
n
b
e
d
etec
ted
o
p
tical
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y
b
y
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h
e
P
P
G
s
en
s
o
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s
,
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h
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s
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a
n
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e
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ec
h
n
iq
u
e
t
h
at
m
a
k
es
m
ea
s
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r
e
m
en
ts
at
th
e
s
k
i
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
th
e
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
:
1
)
Dir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
:
it
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
o
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tical
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ig
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o
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cle,
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e,
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n
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v
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o
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s
b
lo
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d
.
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h
e
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co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ess
e
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tia
ll
y
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a
s
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o
r
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t
i
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m
ai
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t
an
t.
2
)
A
lte
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atin
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u
r
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AC
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o
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n
t:
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r
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s
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e
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it
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in
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ate
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.
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lth
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n
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n
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o
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io
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ascu
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te
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e
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o
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ed
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els
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ase
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P
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it
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o
m
e
m
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icatio
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s
d
u
r
i
n
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h
ea
r
t r
ate
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ar
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ilit
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.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
P
r
in
cip
le
o
f
th
e
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al.
A
:
Var
iab
le
lig
h
t a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
b
y
r
ea
s
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
ar
ter
ial
b
lo
o
d
v
o
lu
m
e.
B
:
co
n
s
ta
n
t d
u
e
to
th
e
lig
h
t a
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s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
ar
t o
f
th
e
n
o
n
-
p
u
ls
at
ile
ar
ter
ial
b
lo
o
d
.
C
: c
o
n
s
ta
n
t li
g
h
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
elate
d
to
v
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o
u
s
b
lo
o
d
.
D:
co
n
s
tan
t li
g
h
t a
b
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
ass
o
ciate
d
w
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h
th
e
t
is
s
u
e,
b
o
n
es.
3.
3
.
Ana
lo
g
s
ens
ing
circ
uit
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
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o
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en
t
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te
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s
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h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
5
.
I
t
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
:
1
)
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
to
co
llect
a
n
d
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
t
h
e
P
P
G
s
ig
n
al.
2
)
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
m
o
d
el,
th
e
B
u
tter
w
o
r
t
h
f
ilter
a
n
d
li
n
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r
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n
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o
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as d
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n
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t
h
e
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p
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ep
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I
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o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
cti
n
g
th
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
m
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el
.
(
5
)
(
6
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W
h
er
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Vec
to
r
v
o
ltag
es P
P
G
r
ea
d
in
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s
.
: V
ec
to
r
r
ea
ls
GC
B
r
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in
g
s
.
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o
co
n
s
tr
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ct
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e
r
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g
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io
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h
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r
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io
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lcu
la
ted
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lin
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r
r
eg
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i
s
g
i
v
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y
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(
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W
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er
e
Y:
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r
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ict
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lo
o
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g
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n
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atio
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X:
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h
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n
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Fig
u
r
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1
0
s
h
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r
e
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o
n
an
al
y
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a
m
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o
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a
s
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w
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icate
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at
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e
ases
w
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e
o
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T
h
e
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r
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f
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ts
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e
ca
lc
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lated
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r
o
m
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d
(
9
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d
w
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b
s
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itu
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n
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7
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th
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p
r
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o
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in
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as
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n
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atio
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el.
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h
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r
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r
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ab
le
1
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le
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Fi
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Fig
u
r
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R
eg
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11
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ticatio
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,
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F
ig
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1
2
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I
SS
N
:
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8
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10
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2
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2
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7
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-
1746
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n
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y
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s
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s
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co
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ar
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et
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o
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e
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s
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ticles.
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h
e
o
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tain
ed
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s
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a
n
p
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ig
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er
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icate
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en
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y
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p
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lib
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ately
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e
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o
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a
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id
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,
w
h
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d
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G
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ig
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t
m
ater
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n
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h
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eli
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h
a
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d
y
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1
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er
s
o
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er
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as
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u
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ts
.
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n
t
h
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w
e
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la
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.
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n
ad
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te
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Fig
u
r
e
12
.
C
lar
k
e
Gr
id
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al
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o
f
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1745
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
D.
G
a
rc
i
a
-
Co
m
p
e
a
n
,
J.
O.
Ja
c
q
u
e
z
-
Qu
in
tan
a
,
J.
A
.
G
o
n
z
a
lez
-
G
o
n
z
a
lez
,
a
n
d
H.
M
a
l
d
o
n
a
d
o
-
G
a
rz
a
,
“
L
iv
e
r
c
irrh
o
sis
a
n
d
d
iab
e
tes
:
Risk
f
a
c
to
rs,
p
a
th
o
p
h
y
sio
lo
g
y
,
c
li
n
ica
l
i
m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
”
W
o
rld
J
.
Ga
stro
e
n
ter
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
8
0
–
2
8
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
]
M
.
M
it
r
o
v
ić,
D.
S
.
P
o
p
o
v
ić,
D.
T
.
Na
g
li
ć
,
J.
N.
P
a
ro
,
T
.
Ili
ć
,
a
n
d
B.
K.
Zav
išić,
“
M
a
rk
e
rs
o
f
in
flam
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
m
icro
v
a
sc
u
lar co
m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s i
n
ty
p
e
1
d
iab
e
tes
,
”
Ce
n
t.
Eu
r.
J
.
M
e
d
.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
4
8
–
7
5
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Dia
b
e
tes
F
e
d
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
“
IDF
Dia
b
e
tes
A
tl
a
s
6
th
e
d
n
.
2
0
1
4
u
p
d
a
te,”
IDF
Dia
b
e
tes
At
la
s
S
ixth
e
d
it
io
n
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
D.
M
.
Na
th
a
n
,
“
L
o
n
g
-
ter
m
c
o
m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
d
iab
e
tes
m
e
ll
it
u
s,”
N.
En
g
l.
J
.
M
e
d
.
,
v
o
l.
3
2
8
,
n
o
.
2
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
6
–
1
6
8
5
,
1
9
9
3
.
[5
]
K.
Ya
m
a
o
k
a
,
J.
Eg
u
c
h
i,
a
n
d
S
.
U
n
o
,
“
P
o
ten
ti
o
m
e
tri
c
G
lu
c
o
se
De
te
c
ti
o
n
b
y
P
a
p
e
r
-
b
a
se
d
El
e
c
tro
c
h
e
m
ic
a
l
S
e
n
so
r
o
n
CM
OS
Ch
i
p
,
”
T
e
lko
m
n
ika
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
8
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
T
.
F
u
ji
m
o
to
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
o
r
tab
le
El
e
c
tro
c
h
e
m
ica
l
S
e
n
sin
g
S
y
ste
m
A
tt
a
c
h
e
d
to
S
m
a
rtp
h
o
n
e
s
a
n
d
Its
In
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
P
a
p
e
r
-
b
a
se
d
El
e
c
tro
c
h
e
m
ica
l
G
lu
c
o
se
S
e
n
so
r
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Co
mp
u
t.
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
A
.
N
a
w
a
z
,
S
.
S
æli
d
,
P
.
Øh
lck
e
rs,
M
.
Ja
c
o
b
se
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
Na
d
e
e
m
Ak
ra
m
,
“
R
e
v
ie
w
:
No
n
-
In
v
a
siv
e
Co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
Blo
o
d
G
lu
c
o
se
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,”
J
.
Bi
o
i
n
fo
rm
a
.
Di
a
b
e
tes
,
p
p
.
1
–
2
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
N.
Ja
h
a
n
g
iri
,
A
.
Ba
h
ra
m
p
o
u
r,
a
n
d
M
.
T
a
ra
z
,
“
No
n
-
in
v
a
siv
e
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
d
e
ter
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
b
lo
o
d
G
lu
c
o
se
lev
e
ls :
A
Re
v
ie
w
A
rti
c
l
e
,
”
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
4
–
2
3
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
K.
P
ra
w
iro
re
d
jo
a
n
d
E.
S
.
Ju
li
a
n
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
t
iv
e
stu
d
y
o
f
9
4
0
n
m
a
n
d
1
4
5
0
n
m
n
e
a
r
in
f
ra
r
e
d
se
n
so
r
f
o
r
g
lu
c
o
se
c
o
n
c
e
n
tratio
n
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
,
”
T
E
L
K
OM
NIKA
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
8
1
–
9
8
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
J.
Ya
d
a
v
,
A
.
R
a
n
i,
V
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
a
n
d
B.
M
.
M
u
ra
ri,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
Lo
w
Co
st
Blo
o
d
G
lu
c
o
se
S
e
n
sin
g
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
Diff
u
se
d
R
e
f
le
c
tan
c
e
N
e
a
r
-
In
f
r
a
re
d
L
ig
h
t,
”
in
Ne
two
rk
in
g
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
a
n
d
Da
ta
Kn
o
wled
g
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
p
p
.
1
9
7
–
2
1
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
S
.
Ra
m
a
sa
h
a
y
a
m
,
K.
S
.
Ha
in
d
a
v
i,
B.
Ka
v
a
la,
a
n
d
S
.
R.
C
h
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
“
No
n
in
v
a
siv
e
e
stima
ti
o
n
o
f
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
c
o
se
u
sin
g
n
e
a
r
in
fra
re
d
sp
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
a
n
d
d
o
u
b
le
re
g
re
ss
io
n
a
n
a
lys
is,
”
in
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
e
n
sin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
ICS
T
,
p
p
.
6
2
7
–
6
3
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
S
.
Ra
m
a
sa
h
a
y
a
m
,
S
.
H.
Ko
p
p
u
ra
v
u
ri,
L
.
A
ro
ra
,
a
n
d
S
.
R.
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
“
No
n
in
v
a
siv
e
Blo
o
d
G
lu
c
o
se
S
e
n
sin
g
Us
in
g
Ne
a
r
In
f
r
a
-
Re
d
S
p
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
a
n
d
A
rti
f
icia
l
Ne
u
ra
l
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
Ba
se
d
o
n
In
v
e
rse
De
la
y
e
d
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
Ne
u
ro
n
,
”
J
.
M
e
d
.
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
M
.
Io
n
e
sc
u
,
“
M
e
a
su
rin
g
a
n
d
d
e
tec
ti
n
g
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
c
o
se
b
y
m
e
th
o
d
s
n
o
n
-
in
v
a
siv
e
,
”
in
1
0
th
E
d
it
i
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Co
mp
u
ter
s
a
n
d
Arti
fi
c
i
a
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
n
o
.
Ju
ly
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
K.
S
a
rk
a
r,
D.
A
h
m
a
d
,
S
.
K.
S
in
g
h
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
No
n
in
v
a
siv
e
Blo
o
d
G
lu
c
o
se
M
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
De
v
ic
e
,
”
in
2
0
1
8
2
1
st
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
ICCIT
)
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
8
,
.
[1
5
]
J.
S
.
M
a
ier,
S
.
A
.
W
a
lk
e
r,
S
.
F
a
n
ti
n
i
,
M
.
A
.
F
ra
n
c
e
sc
h
in
i
,
a
n
d
E
.
G
ra
tt
o
n
,
“
P
o
ss
ib
le
c
o
rre
lati
o
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
c
o
se
c
o
n
c
e
n
trati
o
n
a
n
d
th
e
re
d
u
c
e
d
sc
a
tt
e
rin
g
c
o
e
f
f
icie
n
t
o
f
ti
ss
u
e
s
in
t
h
e
n
e
a
r
in
f
ra
re
d
,
”
Op
t.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
4
,
p
.
2
0
6
2
,
1
9
9
4
.
[1
6
]
P
.
Na
rk
h
e
d
e
,
S
.
D
h
a
lw
a
r,
a
n
d
B.
Ka
rth
ik
e
y
a
n
,
“
NIR
b
a
se
d
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
a
siv
e
b
lo
o
d
g
l
u
c
o
se
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t,
”
In
d
ia
n
J
.
S
c
i.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
B.
P
a
u
l
,
M
.
P
.
M
a
n
u
e
l,
a
n
d
Z.
C.
A
le
x
,
“
D
e
sig
n
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
o
n
in
v
a
siv
e
g
lu
c
o
se
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
s
y
ste
m
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
-
IS
P
T
S
-
1
,
1
st I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Ph
y
sic
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
S
e
n
so
rs
,
p
p
.
4
3
–
46
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
M
.
N.
A
li
,
M
.
Be
n
a
b
d
e
ll
a
h
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
b
d
e
lo
u
a
h
e
d
,
“
Co
n
c
e
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
Bio
m
e
d
ica
l
Ac
q
u
isit
io
n
S
y
ste
m
De
d
ica
ted
to
M
e
a
su
rin
g
t
h
e
Ox
y
g
e
n
S
a
tu
ra
ti
o
n
P
u
lse
b
y
P
h
o
t
o
P
l
e
th
y
s
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
R
e
d
a
n
d
In
f
ra
re
d
:
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
t
o
th
e
Ca
rd
io
-
Re
sp
irato
ry
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
Ex
p
lo
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
8
–
3
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
N.
F
.
A
.
Ja
m
a
l,
K.
A
.
S
id
e
k
,
a
n
d
A
.
Z.
Ju
so
h
,
“
P
o
rta
b
le
h
e
a
lt
h
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
k
it
u
si
n
g
p
h
o
to
let
h
y
s
m
o
g
r
a
m
sig
n
a
l,
”
In
d
o
n
e
s.
J
.
E
lec
tr.
En
g
.
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
3
8
–
6
4
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
N.
S
.
A
li
,
Z.
A
.
A
.
A
l
y
a
ss
e
ri,
a
n
d
A
.
A
b
d
u
lm
o
h
so
n
,
“
Re
a
l
-
T
i
m
e
H
e
a
rt
P
u
lse
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
Us
in
g
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
a
n
d
M
o
b
il
e
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
Co
m
p
u
t.
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
.
5
1
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
N.
A
.
Na
y
a
n
,
R.
Ja
a
f
a
r,
a
n
d
N.
S
.
Rism
a
n
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
re
sp
irato
r
y
ra
te
e
sti
m
a
ti
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
u
sin
g
e
lec
tro
c
a
rd
io
g
ra
m
a
n
d
p
h
o
t
o
p
let
h
y
s
m
o
g
ra
m
f
o
r
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
h
e
a
l
th
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
,
”
Bu
ll
.
El
e
c
tr.
En
g
.
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
8
7
–
4
9
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
H.
L
e
e
,
J.
L
e
e
,
W
.
Ju
n
g
,
a
n
d
G
.
L
e
e
,
“
T
h
e
p
e
rio
d
ic
m
o
v
in
g
a
v
e
ra
g
e
f
il
ter
f
o
r
re
m
o
v
in
g
m
o
ti
o
n
a
rti
f
a
c
ts
f
ro
m
P
P
G
sig
n
a
ls,
”
In
t.
J
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
A
u
to
m
.
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
0
1
–
7
0
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
3
]
V
.
S
.
M
u
rt
h
y
,
S
.
Ra
m
a
m
o
o
rth
y
,
N.
S
rin
iv
a
sa
n
,
S
.
Ra
jag
o
p
a
l,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
Ra
o
,
“
An
a
lys
is
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
p
l
e
th
y
sm
o
g
ra
p
h
i
c
sig
n
a
ls
o
f
c
a
r
d
io
v
a
sc
u
la
r
p
a
ti
e
n
t
s,”
in
2
0
0
1
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
3
rd
A
n
n
u
a
l
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
i
n
M
e
d
i
c
in
e
a
n
d
Bi
o
l
o
g
y
S
o
c
iet
y
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
2
2
0
4
–
2
2
0
7
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
4
]
B.
G
a
y
a
t
h
ri,
K.
S
ru
th
i,
a
n
d
K.
A
.
U.
M
e
n
o
n
,
“
No
n
-
in
v
a
siv
e
b
lo
o
d
g
l
u
c
o
se
mo
n
it
o
rin
g
u
sin
g
n
e
a
r
in
fr
a
re
d
sp
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
,
”
in
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
0
1
7
I
EE
E
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
ICCS
P
2
0
1
7
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
8
-
Ja
n
u
a
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
9
–
1
1
4
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
W
.
L
.
Clark
e
,
D.
Co
x
,
L
.
A
.
G
o
n
d
e
r
-
F
re
d
e
rick
,
W
.
Ca
rter,
a
n
d
S
.
L
.
P
o
h
l
,
“
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
c
li
n
ica
l
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
o
f
s
y
ste
m
s
f
o
r
se
l
f
-
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
o
f
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
c
o
se
,
”
Dia
b
e
tes
Ca
re
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
2
2
–
6
2
8
,
1
9
8
7
.
[2
6
]
B.
Ja
v
id
,
F
.
F
o
t
o
u
h
i
-
G
h
a
z
v
in
i,
a
n
d
F
.
Zak
e
ri,
“
No
n
in
v
a
siv
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
d
iag
n
o
stic
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
b
l
o
o
d
g
lu
c
o
se
a
n
d
b
il
iru
b
i
n
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
,
”
J
.
M
e
d
.
S
i
g
n
a
ls
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
1
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
7
]
M
.
u
d
d
in
Q,
“
G
S
M
b
a
se
d
Ne
e
d
lele
ss
Blo
o
d
G
lu
c
o
se
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
S
y
st
e
m
,
”
J
.
Bi
o
e
n
g
.
Bi
o
me
d
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
0
7
,
n
o
.
0
3
,
p
p
.
7
–
1
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
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