I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
,
p
p
.
11
~
18
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
8
i
1
.
pp
11
-
18
1
1
J
o
ur
na
l ho
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ep
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h
ttp
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jo
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p
h
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JE
C
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A Survey
:
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Vect
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PWM
(SV
PWM) i
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l
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e Source
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(VSI)
Sh
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lin
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a
s
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htha
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K
.
R.
Rekha
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Un
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la
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In
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ia
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De
p
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ECE
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S
JBIT
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Ba
n
g
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In
d
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Art
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I
nfo
AB
ST
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T
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ticle
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y:
R
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Feb
2
3
,
2
0
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R
ev
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s
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J
u
n
1
9
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2
0
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cc
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Oct
3
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2
0
1
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in
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t
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th
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p
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lse
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m
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tec
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ten
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m
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m
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p
a
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v
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c
to
r
P
W
M
(S
VP
W
M
).
T
h
e
S
V
P
W
M
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
o
f
fe
rs
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d
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s
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ics
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g
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n
d
re
d
u
c
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m
m
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ti
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n
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s.
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rre
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th
e
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ig
it
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l
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tr
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l
m
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s
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o
t
m
o
re
a
tt
e
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ti
o
n
th
a
n
th
e
a
n
a
lo
g
c
o
u
n
ter
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a
rts,
a
s
t
h
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
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n
d
re
li
a
b
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o
f
m
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p
ro
c
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a
s
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c
re
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se
d
.
M
o
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f
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m
s
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re
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n
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ircu
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k
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m
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s.
F
ro
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th
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t
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y
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a
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a
ly
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t
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m
m
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n
t
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n
d
f
a
ste
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s
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p
a
p
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u
m
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sp
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g
w
it
h
th
e
f
u
tu
re
li
n
e
o
f
re
se
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r
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w
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alo
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Dig
ital c
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it
s
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u
s
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ar
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s
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tio
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(
T
HD)
VSI
Co
p
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rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
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d
E
n
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i
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Al
l
rig
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ts
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se
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d
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sh
ali
n
i V
a
s
h
i
s
h
th
a
,
Vis
v
e
s
v
ar
a
y
a
T
ec
h
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o
lo
g
ical
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
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B
elag
av
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I
n
d
ia
.
E
m
ail:
-
s
h
ali
n
i
v
.
v
t
u
@
g
m
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
P
W
M
ar
e
tu
r
n
in
g
o
u
t
to
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
p
r
ev
alen
t
i
n
to
d
a
y
's
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es.
I
n
th
e
in
v
er
ter
s
,
P
W
M
m
a
k
es
it
co
n
c
eiv
ab
le
to
co
n
tr
o
l
b
o
th
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
m
o
to
r
.
A
lo
n
g
t
h
ese
li
n
es,
P
W
M
f
o
r
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
o
f
f
er
s
b
etter
e
f
f
i
cien
c
y
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
n
tr
as
ted
w
it
h
f
i
x
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es.
P
W
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
o
f
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er
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s
r
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ch
a
m
id
t
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m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t
co
u
p
le
o
f
d
ec
ad
es.
T
h
e
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
t
h
e
in
te
n
s
i
v
e
r
esear
ch
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b
j
ec
t.
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ls
o
,
d
if
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er
en
t
k
in
d
s
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
o
n
in
v
er
ter
s
w
itch
in
g
lo
s
s
e
s
,
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n
v
er
te
r
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t/ v
o
lta
g
e
T
HD,
in
v
er
ter
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
D
C
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
P
W
M
is
u
tili
z
ed
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t/
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
an
d
k
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p
s
u
p
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b
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er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
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th
e
d
r
i
v
e
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t
h
e
w
h
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le
o
p
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al
r
an
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
0
-
7
8
p
er
ce
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t
o
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t
h
e
v
al
u
e
t
h
at
w
o
u
ld
b
e
co
m
e
to
b
y
s
q
u
ar
e
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
ev
e
n
t
t
h
at
th
e
MI
s
s
u
r
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tr
ai
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elati
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ip
a
m
o
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t
MI
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p
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th
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m
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latio
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k
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n
s
p
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to
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h
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p
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th
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is
[
2
]
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
co
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n
ted
f
o
r
th
at
SVP
W
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m
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ig
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te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
11
–
18
12
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
SVPW
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
ap
id
ly
u
s
ed
,
as
it
allo
w
s
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
c
o
m
m
u
tatio
n
lo
s
s
e
s
an
d
o
b
tain
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
er
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
MI
s
i
f
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
Si
n
u
s
o
id
al
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
4
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
d
ig
i
tal
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
h
a
v
e
g
o
t
m
o
r
e
atte
n
tio
n
th
a
n
th
e
a
n
alo
g
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
,
as
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
[
5
]
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
SVP
W
M
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
an
a
lo
g
o
r
d
ig
ital c
ir
cu
i
ts
li
k
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
DSP
s
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
FP
G
A
g
i
v
es
m
o
r
e
f
aster
a
n
d
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
s
o
lu
t
io
n
,
a
s
it
ca
n
co
m
p
le
te
p
ar
allel
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
y
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
m
o
d
e
w
h
ic
h
in
v
o
lv
e
s
n
o
th
i
n
g
o
f
C
P
U,
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ca
n
g
et
a
f
ast
le
v
el
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
ield
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
FP
GA's,
an
d
t
h
e
ad
ap
tab
le
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
o
f
d
ea
d
ti
m
e,
t
h
e
ad
ap
tab
le
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
o
f
d
ea
d
ti
m
e
e
x
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
m
a
k
es
it
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
to
d
r
iv
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
d
ev
ice
s
i
n
d
o
w
n
to
e
ar
th
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
SVP
W
M
in
clu
d
es
co
m
p
lex
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
[
1
0
]
an
d
[
1
1
]
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
w
a
s
u
til
ized
to
p
lay
o
u
t
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
j
u
g
g
li
n
g
co
u
n
t
s
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
i
tu
at
io
n
,
least
t
w
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
i
q
u
e.
T
h
e
ev
er
y
co
u
n
t
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
ar
e
d
o
n
e
o
f
f
li
n
e
a
n
d
p
u
t
a
w
a
y
i
n
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
Desp
ite
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
p
ac
e
is
v
ast
co
n
tr
asted
w
ith
p
ast
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
,
it
tak
es
lea
s
t
g
etti
n
g
to
ti
m
e.
I
t
d
o
esn
't
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Me
m
o
r
y
is
ad
d
itio
n
all
y
m
o
d
if
ied
in
FP
G
A
it
s
el
f
an
d
s
o
n
o
n
ee
d
o
f
o
u
ts
id
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
a
s
t
o
u
tl
i
n
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
r
e
-
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
ca
p
ac
ities
f
o
r
FP
GA
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
FP
GA
e
m
p
o
w
er
s
to
d
eliv
er
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
t
y
p
e
lo
g
ic
in
a
les
s
p
er
io
d
.
I
t is co
n
ce
iv
ab
le
to
m
a
k
e,
ac
tu
alize
,
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
S
ec
tio
n
2
m
e
n
tio
n
s
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
in
v
er
ter
(
VSI
)
,
3
φ
VSI
,
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
PW
M
(
SVP
W
M)
,
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
ce
o
f
SVP
W
M,
Xilin
x
FP
G
A
f
lo
w
,
etc.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
ex
is
t
in
g
r
esear
ch
e
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
w
i
th
t
h
eir
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
s
.
Sectio
n
4
s
tate
s
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
g
ap
w
h
ile
Sectio
n
5
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
lin
e
o
f
r
ese
ar
ch
in
SVP
W
M.
Sectio
n
6
g
i
v
es t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
.
2.
VO
L
T
A
G
E
SO
URC
E
I
N
VE
RT
E
R
(
VSI
)
T
h
e
s
m
alle
s
t
cir
c
u
i
t
w
h
ic
h
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
d
ir
ec
t
-
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
-
to
-
alter
n
ati
n
g
-
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
is
k
n
o
w
n
as
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
p
o
w
er
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
A
C
p
o
w
er
o
r
m
ain
v
o
ltag
e
s
an
d
t
h
is
p
o
w
er
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ap
p
lian
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as
m
o
b
iles
,
tele
v
i
s
io
n
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
,
e
tc.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
alit
y
o
f
i
n
v
er
ter
is
to
co
n
v
er
t
D
C
to
A
C
(
D
C
-
AC
)
,
an
d
a
s
tep
-
u
p
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
to
g
en
er
ate
m
ai
n
v
o
lta
g
es
f
r
o
m
AC
.
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
M
O
S
F
E
T
D
r
i
v
e
r
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
A
C
P
o
w
e
r
S
t
e
p
u
p
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
v
er
ter
B
lo
ck
D
iag
r
a
m
I
n
ab
o
v
e
in
v
er
ter
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
,
b
atter
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
s
f
ed
t
o
MO
SF
E
T
d
r
iv
er
in
w
h
ic
h
DC
to
AC
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
m
a
y
ta
k
e
p
lace
,
an
d
th
e
r
es
u
lti
n
g
AC
is
f
ed
to
s
tep
u
p
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
to
g
et
o
r
ig
in
al
v
o
lta
g
e.
I
n
v
er
ter
s
ca
n
b
e
class
i
f
ied
as:
a.
I
f
th
e
D
C
v
o
lta
g
e
is
co
n
s
ta
n
t a
n
d
th
i
s
in
v
er
ter
is
k
n
o
w
n
as V
o
ltag
e
So
u
r
ce
/
v
o
ltag
e
f
ed
I
n
v
er
ter
.
b.
I
f
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t i
s
k
ep
t c
o
n
s
ta
n
t a
n
d
is
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
C
u
r
r
en
t So
u
r
ce
o
r
C
u
r
r
en
t Fed
.
2
.
1
.
Vo
lt
a
g
e
So
urce
I
nv
er
t
er
(
VS
I
)
a.
T
h
is
tak
e
s
f
ix
ed
v
o
ltag
e
a
s
i
n
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
a
d
ev
ice
a
n
d
g
iv
e
s
AC
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
i
th
v
ar
iab
le
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
VSI
ar
e
class
i
f
i
ed
as
Sq
u
ar
e
-
w
a
v
e
I
n
v
er
ter
s
,
1
φ
I
n
v
er
ter
s
w
it
h
Vo
lta
g
e
C
a
n
ce
lla
tio
n
,
P
u
ls
e
-
w
id
t
h
Mo
d
u
lat
ed
(
P
W
M)
I
n
v
er
ter
s
.
b.
Sq
u
ar
e
-
w
a
v
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
(
SW
I
)
:
I
n
t
h
is
in
p
u
t
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
co
n
tr
o
lled
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
AC
v
o
lta
g
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
n
l
y
co
n
t
r
o
ls
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
it
h
co
n
t
r
o
lled
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
h
as sq
u
ar
e
w
a
v
e
t
y
p
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
S
u
r
ve
y:
S
p
a
ce
V
ec
to
r
P
W
M (
S
V
P
W
M
)
in
3
φ
V
o
lta
g
e
S
o
u
r
ce
I
n
ve
r
ter (
V
S
I
)
(
S
h
a
lin
i V
a
s
h
is
h
th
a
)
13
c.
P
u
ls
e
-
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
P
W
M)
in
v
er
ter
s
:
T
h
is
tak
e
s
co
n
s
tan
t
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
as
in
p
u
t,
w
h
er
e
d
io
d
e
-
r
ec
tif
ier
s
ar
e
u
til
ized
f
o
r
lin
e
v
o
ltag
e
r
ec
tific
atio
n
a
n
d
in
v
er
ter
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
m
ag
n
i
t
u
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
AC
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
P
W
M
in
a
n
in
v
er
ter
to
s
h
ap
e
o
u
tp
u
t
AC
v
o
ltag
es to
m
a
k
e
a
s
i
n
e
w
a
v
e.
d.
1φ
I
n
v
er
ter
s
:
I
n
th
is
v
o
ltag
e
,
ca
n
ce
lla
ti
o
n
is
co
n
s
i
d
e
r
ed
as
c
o
n
s
tan
t
d
c
s
o
u
r
c
e
an
d
an
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
q
u
ar
e
-
w
a
v
e.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
o
n
tr
o
ls
b
o
t
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
an
d
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
b
u
t
d
o
es n
o
t
u
s
e
PW
M.
e.
S
w
itc
h
-
m
o
d
e
d
c
-
to
-
ac
(
SM
d
c
-
ac
)
in
v
er
ter
s
:
T
h
es
e
a
r
e
u
tili
z
ed
f
o
r
Un
in
t
er
r
u
p
te
d
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
(
U
P
S
)
in
w
h
ich
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
ac
o
u
tp
u
t
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
w
ith
co
n
t
r
o
lle
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
an
d
m
ag
n
itu
d
e.
2
.
2
.
3
φ
VSI
T
h
e
3
φ
VSI
cr
ea
tes
less
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
at
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
to
p
h
ase
AC
lo
ad
.
A
3
φ
VSI
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
alo
n
g
w
it
h
s
ix
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
w
itc
h
(
(
T
C
+
an
d
T
C
-
,
T
B
+
an
d
T
B
-
,
o
r
T
A
+
an
d
T
A
-
)
)
.
T
h
ese
s
w
itc
h
es
i
n
3
φ
VSI
ca
n
'
t
b
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
n
al
l
t
h
e
w
h
ile
at
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
th
is
m
a
y
g
iv
e
a
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
o
v
er
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
u
p
p
ly
o
f
d
c
l
in
k
.
T
h
u
s
,
to
m
o
v
e
f
r
o
m
u
n
d
ef
i
n
ed
s
ta
tes
i
n
t
h
e
V
SI,
th
e
s
w
itc
h
es
o
f
an
y
i
n
v
er
ter
leg
ca
n
't
b
e
s
w
it
ch
ed
o
f
f
all
t
h
e
w
h
ile
as
t
h
i
s
w
ill
b
r
i
n
g
ab
o
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
th
at
w
il
l
r
el
y
o
n
t
h
e
s
ep
ar
ate
p
o
lar
ity
o
f
li
n
e
c
u
r
r
en
t.
i
d
D
C
+
D
C
-
T
C
+
T
C
-
D
B
+
D
B
-
T
B
+
T
B
-
D
A
+
D
A
-
T
A
+
T
A
-
+
V
d
/
2
-
+
V
d
/
2
-
0
+
V
d
-
N
A
B
C
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ir
cu
it o
f
3
φ
VSI
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
h
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
in
v
er
ter
u
tili
ze
s
3
φ
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
w
o
m
ain
ca
s
es
ar
e
A
C
-
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
an
d
UP
S
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
t
h
r
ee
leg
s
,
o
n
e
o
f
ev
er
y
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
ca
n
b
e
b
alan
ce
d
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
ca
s
es
P
W
M
co
n
tr
o
l
u
ti
lized
w
it
h
i
n
an
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
u
p
s
id
es
o
f
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
as:
a.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
w
it
h
P
W
M
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
f
e
w
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
b
.
W
ith
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e,
lo
w
er
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ca
n
b
e
m
i
n
i
m
ized
o
r
er
ased
.
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
4
]
.
2
.
3
.
Sp
a
ce
-
Vec
t
o
r
-
P
uls
e
-
Width
-
M
o
du
la
t
io
n (
SVPWM
)
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
cir
cu
it
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
a
3
φ
VSI
s
u
p
p
ly
i
n
g
a
s
tar
co
n
n
ec
ted
3
φ
lo
ad
is
g
iv
en
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it c
o
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
s
i
x
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
itch
e
s
li
k
e
I
GB
T
s
,
MO
SF
E
T
s
,
etc.
,
al
o
n
g
w
it
h
an
ti
-
p
ar
allel
d
io
d
es a
r
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
o
n
e
leg
t
w
o
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
e
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
at
s
m
a
ll
d
ea
d
b
an
d
a
m
o
n
g
t
w
o
d
e
v
ices
s
w
itc
h
in
g
.
T
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
in
g
g
iv
e
s
ei
g
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
-
v
ec
to
r
s
w
ith
s
i
x
b
ei
n
g
ac
ti
v
e
6
5
4
3
2
1
,
,
,
,
V
and
V
V
V
V
V
o
r
n
o
n
-
zer
o
an
d
t
w
o
ze
r
o
-
v
ec
t
o
r
s
7
0
,
V
V
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ted
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
in
to
t
w
o
ax
e
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
v
ec
to
r
s
tip
s
ar
e
co
r
n
er
ed
to
f
o
r
m
a
r
eg
u
lar
h
e
x
a
g
o
n
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
ze
r
o
v
ec
to
r
s
j
o
in
in
g
at
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
.
Sp
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
t
h
eo
r
y
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
3
φ
v
o
lta
g
es a
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
p
a
ce
v
ec
to
r
r
o
tates i
n
t
h
e
(
d
-
q
)
p
lan
e.
T
h
e
v
ec
to
r
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
is
r
elate
d
to
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
es
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
a
n
d
th
e
ti
m
e
to
co
v
er
o
n
e
r
ev
o
l
u
ti
o
n
is
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tch
e
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tai
n
v
o
lta
g
e
v
e
cto
r
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
ac
tiv
e
v
ec
to
r
s
th
a
t
s
u
b
d
iv
id
e
th
e
p
lan
e
in
t
o
eq
u
al
s
ec
to
r
s
,
an
d
n
o
n
-
ac
ti
v
e
v
ec
to
r
s
,
s
o
m
eti
m
es
ca
ll
ze
r
o
v
ec
to
r
at
an
o
r
ig
in
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
es c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
a
cir
cle
in
th
e
(
d
-
q
)
g
iv
e
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
11
–
18
14
S
e
c
t
o
r
2
S
e
c
t
o
r
3
S
e
c
t
o
r
1
V
a
V
b
S
e
c
t
o
r
6
S
e
c
t
o
r
5
S
e
c
t
o
r
4
Z
e
r
o
v
e
c
t
o
r
V
4
(
0
1
1
)
V
1
(
1
0
0
)
V
6
(
1
0
1
)
V
5
(
0
0
1
)
V
3
(
0
1
0
)
V
2
(
1
1
0
)
V
7
(
1
1
1
)
V
0
(
0
0
0
)
V
r
e
f
d
q
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Vo
ltag
e
-
v
ec
to
r
s
i
n
d
-
q
p
lan
e
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
lin
e
a
n
d
p
h
ase
v
o
l
tag
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
2
φ
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
)
.
cn
bn
an
q
d
V
V
V
V
V
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
3
2
(
1
)
T
ab
le
1
.
3
φ
I
n
v
er
ter
Ou
tp
u
t V
o
ltag
es
2
.
4
.
Ro
le
o
f
F
P
G
A
o
v
er
SVPW
M
R
ec
en
t
l
y
s
o
m
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
d
eig
n
u
s
i
n
g
FP
G
A
;
FP
G
A
in
teg
r
ated
cir
cu
it.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
S
VP
W
M
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
FP
G
A
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
a
f
e
w
r
esear
ch
er
s
;
a
n
o
v
el
s
p
ac
e
SVP
W
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
m
u
l
til
ev
el
m
u
ltip
h
a
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
1
]
.
I
n
w
o
r
k
o
f
[
3
]
,
an
ef
f
icien
t
SVP
W
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
a
g
e,
w
h
ic
h
ev
o
lv
es
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
o
v
er
h
ea
d
s
a
n
d
also
r
e
m
o
v
es t
h
e
h
ig
h
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
ti
m
e
is
s
u
e
s
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
2
.
5
.
Xilin
x
F
P
G
A
D
e
s
ig
n f
lo
w
T
h
e
FP
GA
d
esig
n
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ies i
n
cl
u
d
e
VHD
L
o
r
Ver
ilo
g
lan
g
u
a
g
es,
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
is
,
m
ap
,
a
n
d
p
lace
an
d
r
o
u
te
s
c
h
e
m
e.
T
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
at
io
n
s
ar
e
p
i
n
-
p
i
n
d
ela
y
s
,
p
ip
el
in
i
n
g
an
d
lo
g
ic
le
v
el
s
,
an
d
f
l
o
o
r
p
lan
n
in
g
,
etc.
FP
GAs
ar
e
n
o
w
p
o
s
s
e
s
lo
g
ic
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
DSP
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
T
h
is
is
ac
h
iev
ed
w
it
h
e
x
p
lo
itin
g
p
ar
allelis
m
a
n
d
also
b
y
m
ap
p
in
g
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
li
k
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ar
ith
m
etic.
A
t
p
r
esen
t,
a
s
in
g
l
e
FP
GA
p
lat
f
o
r
m
ca
n
r
ep
lace
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
f
ilter
s
,
a
n
d
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
.
E
f
f
icie
n
t
FP
G
A
cir
c
u
its
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
d
esig
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
w
h
ic
h
tr
a
d
itio
n
all
y
r
elies
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
to
g
et
h
er
w
it
h
s
m
ar
t c
o
m
p
iler
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
F
P
GA
d
e
s
i
g
n
f
lo
w
is
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
FP
GA
d
e
s
i
g
n
f
lo
w
i
s
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ta
g
es.
a.
Desig
n
E
n
t
r
y
-
I
n
t
h
is
s
ta
g
e
o
f
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
H
DL
)
,
d
esi
g
n
f
lo
w
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
tex
t
-
b
ased
en
tr
y
,
a
s
ch
e
m
at
ic
ed
ito
r
,
o
r
b
o
th
is
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
d
esig
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
S
u
r
ve
y:
S
p
a
ce
V
ec
to
r
P
W
M (
S
V
P
W
M
)
in
3
φ
V
o
lta
g
e
S
o
u
r
ce
I
n
ve
r
ter (
V
S
I
)
(
S
h
a
lin
i V
a
s
h
is
h
th
a
)
15
b.
Desig
n
I
m
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
-
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
i
n
Xi
lin
x
ar
c
h
itec
tu
r
e,
lo
g
ic
d
esi
g
n
f
i
le
f
o
r
m
at
i
s
g
e
n
er
ated
at
a
s
tag
e
o
f
d
esig
n
e
n
tr
y
i
s
co
n
v
er
ted
to
a
p
h
y
s
ical
f
ile
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
is
p
h
y
s
ical
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
i
s
ex
i
s
ted
at
n
ati
v
e
cir
cu
it d
escr
ip
tio
n
(
N
C
D)
f
ile
to
u
s
e
FP
GAs.
T
h
en
a
b
it st
r
ea
m
f
ile
is
cr
ea
ted
.
c.
Ver
if
icatio
n
o
f
Desi
g
n
-
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
Xili
n
x
X
C
h
ec
k
er
ca
b
le
,
g
ate
lev
el
s
i
m
u
lato
r
o
r
J
T
AG
ca
b
le,
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
m
ee
t
s
t
h
e
ti
m
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
a
n
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
D
e
s
i
g
n
e
n
t
r
y
D
e
s
i
g
n
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
i
s
D
e
s
i
g
n
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
X
i
l
i
n
x
D
e
v
i
c
e
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
B
a
c
k
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
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t
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Fig
u
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e
4
.
Xilin
x
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lo
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s
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g
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3.
E
XI
ST
I
N
G
RE
SE
AR
CH
T
h
e
ex
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r
esear
c
h
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t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
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e
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
i
s
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
r
ea
lizat
io
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
FP
GA
an
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
FP
GA
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
b
o
th
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es a
r
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
.
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
hes
o
n SVP
WM
w
it
ho
ut
F
P
G
A
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
Sh
ao
et
al.
[
1
3
]
h
av
e
g
iv
e
n
a
g
e
n
er
alize
d
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
Di
s
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
SVP
W
M
(
DSVP
W
M)
f
o
r
3
φ
VSI
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
s
i
x
s
ec
to
r
s
lik
e
DSVP
W
MP
,
DSVP
W
MP
N0
,
DSVP
W
MN
,
DSVP
W
MP
N1
,
DSVP
W
M
PN2
,
an
d
DS
VP
W
MP
N3
an
d
ar
e
r
e
-
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
t
w
e
lv
e
1
’
s
b
ased
o
n
lo
ca
l
o
v
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
SVP
W
M
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
DSVP
W
Mx
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
an
d
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
d
is
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
DP
W
M)
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
T
HD
an
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
tate
DSVP
W
Mx
s
tr
ateg
ies ar
e
f
ea
s
ib
le.
I
n
B
ad
r
an
et
al.
[
1
4
]
Dig
ital
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
Usi
n
g
8
-
b
it
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tu
d
y
i
s
m
ea
n
t
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
n
o
v
el
in
v
er
ter
d
esig
n
.
I
n
th
is
,
a
8
-
b
it
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
g
en
er
ate
S
VP
W
M
s
ig
n
al
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
t
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
b
r
id
g
e
g
ates
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
.
Her
e
th
e
in
v
er
ter
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
lo
w
-
p
ass
L
C
-
f
ilter
to
g
e
n
er
ate
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
s
in
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
a
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Si
x
p
in
s
o
f
P
o
r
t
B
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
t
r
o
ller
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
s
en
d
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
u
ls
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
t
h
at
w
a
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
P
I
C
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
w
as
M
ik
r
o
C
co
m
p
iler
,
w
h
ile
W
in
P
I
C
8
0
0
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
o
u
tco
m
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
t
o
g
en
er
ate
a
3
φ
s
i
n
e
w
av
e
at
t
h
e
b
etter
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
B
o
u
d
o
u
d
a
et
al.
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
v
id
ed
co
m
b
in
ed
r
an
d
o
m
SVP
W
M
u
s
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
f
o
r
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
e.
T
h
is
r
es
ea
r
ch
w
o
r
k
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
tin
g
R
an
d
o
m
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
P
SD
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
s
i
g
n
al
s
clea
r
l
y
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
P
SD
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ea
k
s
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
s
im
p
le
an
d
d
u
al
r
an
d
o
m
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
to
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
eter
m
i
n
is
t
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
s
o
u
g
h
t
E
MC
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
m
et
h
o
d
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
g
o
o
d
P
SD p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Au
t
h
o
r
C
h
o
u
d
h
ar
i
et
al.
[
1
6
]
h
av
e
g
iv
e
n
t
h
e
SVP
W
M
o
n
DSP
P
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
Utilit
y
Gr
id
S
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izab
le
T
ielin
e
C
o
n
v
er
ter
b
et
w
ee
n
AC
-
b
u
s
a
n
d
D
C
-
b
u
s
o
f
aM
icr
o
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
s
to
d
ev
e
lo
p
Sp
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
n
D
SP
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
,
t
h
e
P
W
M
m
o
d
u
les
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
b
ased
o
n
D
SP
is
ex
p
lain
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
v
e
r
ter
is
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
e
x
is
tin
g
m
icr
o
g
r
id
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
in
v
er
ter
b
ase
d
o
n
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
m
i
cr
o
co
n
t
r
o
ller
w
er
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Gab
alla
h
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
in
ten
d
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
i
th
les
s
T
HD,
w
id
er
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
r
an
g
e,
an
d
f
e
w
er
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
o
u
tco
m
es
g
iv
e
t
h
at
th
e
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
f
a
s
ter
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ti
m
e
alo
n
g
w
it
h
les
s
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
i
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
w
it
h
p
r
esen
ted
SVP
W
M
th
an
tr
ad
itio
n
al
SVP
W
M.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
11
–
18
16
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
o
r
k
o
f
Ka
s
s
as
a
n
d
Ah
m
ed
[
1
8
]
s
tate
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
lo
o
k
-
u
p
ta
b
le.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
i
s
m
ea
n
t
to
u
s
e
L
o
o
p
u
p
th
e
tab
le
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
SVP
W
M.
Fro
m
th
is
SVP
W
M
a
Si
m
u
li
n
k
m
o
d
el
w
as
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
le
s
c
h
e
m
e
(
L
T
S)
v
iab
ilit
y
an
d
its
p
r
ac
tical
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
a
m
o
n
g
p
r
ac
tical
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
L
T
S
r
esu
lt
s
.
T
h
e
L
T
S
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
n
ea
r
est T
HD
to
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
o
r
k
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
Ku
m
ar
a
n
d
Si
n
g
h
[
1
9
]
s
tates
th
e
DSP
B
ased
I
FO
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
HE
V
f
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
So
u
r
ce
I
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
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ac
h
iev
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t
h
e
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
v
e
h
icle
(
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
)
f
ed
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
u
s
in
g
D
SP
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
e
m
p
lo
y
s
3
φ
s
ix
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
r
ef
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en
ce
s
i
g
n
a
ls
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d
o
n
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tr
ian
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lar
w
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eq
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en
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r
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ier
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r
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i
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w
ill
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e
d
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n
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w
it
h
a
s
i
n
g
le
DSP
co
n
tr
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u
s
in
g
t
h
e
T
MS3
2
0
F2
8
3
3
5
,
a
n
e
w
k
i
n
d
o
f
DSP
ch
ip
o
f
T
ex
as
I
n
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u
m
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n
t
(
T
I
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.
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h
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s
e
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s
t
h
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t
h
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ated
an
d
f
le
x
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le
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ea
t
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h
e
d
e
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m
ee
t
t
h
e
r
eq
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ir
e
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e
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ts
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d
f
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s
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m
.
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h
e
h
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lled
i
n
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u
c
tio
n
m
o
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r
d
r
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s
p
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d
co
n
tr
o
l
w
i
th
is
v
er
i
f
ied
w
it
h
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l o
n
in
d
u
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n
m
o
to
r
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
ev
en
i
n
p
u
t D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
c
h
an
g
es.
Au
t
h
o
r
Ku
m
ar
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
p
r
esen
ted
t
h
e
d
ig
i
tal
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
S
VP
W
M
b
ased
o
n
s
h
u
n
t
ac
ti
v
e
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
T
HD
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
a
s
h
o
w
th
at
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
b
etter
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
T
MS3
2
0
F2
8
0
2
7
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
.
Mir
az
i
m
i
e
t
al.
[
2
1
]
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
SVP
W
M
f
o
r
T
w
o
-
P
h
a
s
e
T
h
r
ee
-
L
e
g
I
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
m
ea
n
t
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
n
o
v
el
SVP
W
M.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
al
lo
w
s
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
an
d
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
g
le
f
o
r
t
w
o
o
u
tp
u
t
p
h
ase
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
t
w
o
-
p
h
ase
i
n
v
er
ter
an
d
it
s
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
t
w
o
-
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
co
m
m
en
s
u
r
ate
w
it
h
b
o
th
b
alan
ce
d
an
d
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
t
w
o
-
p
h
ase
lo
ad
s
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
l
t
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
/SIM
U
L
I
NK
r
ec
o
n
f
ir
m
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
b
ased
o
n
SVP
W
M
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
.
P
iao
an
d
Hu
n
g
[
2
2
]
p
r
esen
te
d
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
b
alan
cin
g
d
c
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
lta
g
e
in
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
d
io
d
e
cla
m
p
ed
VSI
b
as
ed
o
n
d
is
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
S
VP
W
M.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
a
n
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
s
u
g
g
e
s
t t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
i
s
f
ea
s
ib
le.
P
r
o
m
k
h
u
n
a
n
d
Kin
n
ar
es
[
2
3
]
h
av
e
g
i
v
en
Sp
ee
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
an
As
y
m
m
etr
ical
T
y
p
e
T
w
o
-
P
h
ase
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
to
r
Usi
n
g
Di
s
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
Sp
ac
e
Vec
to
r
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
lati
o
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DSVP
W
M
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
s
id
e
in
v
er
ter
.
Si
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
f
u
ll
b
r
id
g
e
s
w
i
tch
ed
-
m
o
d
e
co
n
v
er
ter
i
s
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
al
it
y
an
d
allo
w
r
eg
e
n
er
ativ
e
p
o
w
er
to
g
r
id
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
MA
T
L
A
B
/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
s
id
e
s
h
o
w
q
u
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l in
b
o
th
s
tead
y
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Su
n
et
al.
[
2
4
]
h
a
v
e
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
3
φ
d
u
al
B
u
ck
I
n
v
er
ter
b
ased
o
n
u
n
i
f
ied
P
W
Ms.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
ai
m
s
to
d
esig
n
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
o
u
r
le
g
in
v
er
ter
b
ased
o
n
d
u
al
-
b
u
c
k
p
o
w
er
ce
ll.
T
h
e
E
f
f
icien
c
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
W
Ms
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
,
an
d
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
ac
h
iev
e
s
9
8
.
8
% o
f
p
ea
k
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
3
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h o
n VSI
w
it
h F
P
G
A
Au
t
h
o
r
C
astro
et
al.
[
2
5
]
h
av
e
g
iv
e
n
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
-
clo
ck
-
p
h
ase
s
h
if
tin
g
b
as
ed
h
i
g
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
FP
G
A
Dig
ital
P
W
M.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
F
P
GA
ex
h
ib
it
ab
o
v
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
t
h
u
s
allo
w
s
s
m
a
ll
an
d
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
d
elay
s
b
et
w
ee
n
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
clo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ta
l
o
u
tco
m
e
g
i
v
e
s
a
1
9
.
5
p
s
ti
m
e
r
eso
lu
t
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
Vir
tex
-
5
FP
GA
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
Or
ith
i
a
n
d
J
u
lia
n
[
2
6
]
h
av
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
th
e
3
φ
VSI
w
it
h
FP
G
A
-
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
s
a
m
p
led
SVP
W
M.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
an
d
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
u
s
ed
u
s
i
n
g
an
FP
G
A
p
latf
o
r
m
,
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
a
d
ig
ital
s
i
g
n
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
(
DS
P
)
o
r
w
it
h
th
e
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
is
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
r
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
T
HD.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
s
tate
s
p
ac
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
VSI
w
it
h
an
o
u
tp
u
t
L
C
f
ilter
.
P
an
et
al.
[
2
7
]
ill
u
s
tr
ated
a
s
h
i
f
ted
SVP
W
M
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
t
h
e
D
C
-
L
in
k
R
eso
n
an
t
I
n
v
er
ter
s
FP
G
A
R
ea
lizatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
ex
h
ib
it
s
a
m
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
ec
to
r
s
.
A
s
h
i
f
ted
S
VP
W
M
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
f
o
r
d
c
-
lin
k
i
n
v
er
ter
s
r
es
u
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
f
ea
s
ib
le
f
o
r
s
h
i
f
ted
SVP
W
M
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
.
A
co
n
ce
p
t
to
attai
n
FP
G
A
r
ea
lizatio
n
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
R
a
j
en
d
r
an
e
t
al.
[
2
8
]
u
s
in
g
FP
GA
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
FP
GA
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
r
ea
lize
P
W
M
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
a
n
d
m
ee
ts
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
-
s
w
itc
h
in
g
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
-
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
s
s
u
es
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
a
n
d
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
SVP
W
M
w
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iab
le
-
s
p
ee
d
-
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
ac
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
Xil
in
x
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
e
x
ec
u
t
io
n
t
i
m
e
o
f
S
VP
W
M
d
ir
ec
t
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ac
h
iev
ed
w
a
s
3
.
5
μ
s
.
R
o
h
it
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
an
FP
GA
I
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
m
e
ch
an
i
s
m
f
o
r
3
φ
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
to
r
u
s
i
n
g
a
Fix
ed
P
o
in
t
R
ea
lizatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
a
h
ig
h
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
lo
w
p
o
w
er
ed
VHDL
b
ased
SVP
W
M
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
3
φ
I
n
d
u
ct
io
n
Mo
to
r
d
r
i
v
e
o
n
FP
G
A
.
T
h
e
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
P
W
M
g
e
n
er
atio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
f
o
r
3
φ
VSI
to
g
en
er
ate
P
W
M
s
ig
n
als
to
co
n
tr
o
l
d
if
f
er
en
t
AC
Mo
to
r
s
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ar
t
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
w
ith
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ix
ed
p
o
in
t
r
ea
lizatio
n
w
h
ic
h
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
;
also
s
in
ce
th
er
e
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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p
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I
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N:
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A
S
u
r
ve
y:
S
p
a
ce
V
ec
to
r
P
W
M (
S
V
P
W
M
)
in
3
φ
V
o
lta
g
e
S
o
u
r
ce
I
n
ve
r
ter (
V
S
I
)
(
S
h
a
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i V
a
s
h
is
h
th
a
)
17
n
o
s
u
b
r
o
u
ti
n
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it
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
to
tal
ar
ea
o
n
FP
G
A
b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
e
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
d
e
i
s
l
ess
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
ex
ec
u
t
io
n
ti
m
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
w
as
an
a
l
y
ze
d
w
i
th
i
n
teg
e
r
r
ea
lizatio
n
.
R
as
h
id
i
an
d
Sab
a
h
i
[
3
0
]
h
av
e
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
P
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
FP
GA
-
B
ased
Di
g
ital
SVP
W
M
(
DSVP
W
M)
3
φ
VSI
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
s
to
d
esi
g
n
a
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
ased
lo
w
p
o
w
er
D
SVP
W
M
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
i
n
g
FP
GA
f
o
r
3
φ
VS
I
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
ased
DSVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
FP
G
A
w
it
h
f
e
wer
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
e
x
ec
u
t
io
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
D
SVP
W
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
s
y
n
th
e
s
ized
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
o
v
er
FP
GA
.
I
n
th
i
s
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
’
s
to
tal
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
i
s
m
i
n
i
m
ized
at
t
h
e
clo
ck
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
0
0
MH
z.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
R
e
n
u
k
ad
e
v
i
an
d
R
aj
a
m
b
al
[
3
1
]
g
iv
es
FP
G
A
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
f
iv
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
VSI
.
T
h
e
SVP
W
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
p
r
esen
ted
as
th
e
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
u
s
ed
o
v
er
X
I
L
I
N
X
FP
G
A
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
SVP
W
M
w
ith
lar
g
e,
m
ed
iu
m
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
b
o
th
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
s
f
o
r
f
iv
e
-
p
h
ase
VSI
i
s
a
n
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
v
er
1
-
h
p
5
φ
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
S
VP
W
M
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
.
L
ater
,
th
e
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
S
VP
W
M
is
id
en
ti
f
ied
w
ith
T
HD
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e.
Gu
z
m
an
et
al.
[
3
2
]
h
av
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
t
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
o
f
lo
a
d
s
h
ar
i
n
g
i
n
AC
M
icr
o
-
g
r
id
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
FP
GA
.
T
h
is
is
b
ased
o
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
-
lo
c
k
ed
-
lo
o
p
(
F
L
L
)
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
-
li
n
ea
r
-
n
e
u
r
o
n
(
A
D
AL
I
NE
)
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
o
u
tco
m
e
m
en
tio
n
s
th
a
t
t
h
e
ea
c
h
VSI
-
co
n
tr
o
l
i
s
u
s
ed
b
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
g
FP
GA
in
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
v
alid
it
y
.
4.
RE
SE
ARCH
G
AP
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
a
n
d
r
ec
en
t
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
es
i
d
ea
lizes
th
a
t
t
h
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
f
o
r
VSI
u
s
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
P
W
M
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
b
u
t
f
ail
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
lo
w
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
co
m
p
atib
il
it
y
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
lled
SVP
W
M
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
o
f
f
er
s
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
v
e
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le,
b
ette
r
DC
lin
k
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
lo
w
er
T
HD,
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
lo
s
s
an
d
ea
s
ier
d
ig
ital
s
y
s
te
m
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
.
T
h
e
SVP
W
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
ap
id
l
y
u
s
ed
,
as
it
allo
w
s
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
lo
s
s
e
s
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
an
d
o
b
tain
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
er
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
MI
s
if
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
Si
n
u
s
o
id
al
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es.
C
u
r
r
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
d
i
g
ital
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
h
a
v
e
g
o
t
m
o
r
e
at
ten
t
io
n
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
a
n
alo
g
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
,
as
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
SVP
W
M
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
an
alo
g
o
r
d
ig
ital c
ir
cu
its
lik
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
D
SP
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
i
e
s
w
h
ich
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
i
n
g
d
ig
ital
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ar
e
r
ar
e
an
d
n
ee
d
a
f
u
t
u
r
is
t
ic
r
esear
ch
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
SVP
W
M
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
5.
CO
NCLUS
I
O
N
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
S
VP
W
M
in
V
SI
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
S
VP
W
M
b
ased
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
o
f
f
er
s
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
es
(
MI
)
th
a
n
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
P
W
M
alo
n
g
w
it
h
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
r
ed
u
ctio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
SVP
W
M
m
e
ch
a
n
i
s
m
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
a
n
alo
g
o
r
d
ig
ital
c
ir
cu
i
ts
an
d
FP
G
A
.
T
h
e
FP
GA
SV
P
W
M
ca
n
o
f
f
er
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
an
d
f
a
s
ter
s
o
lu
t
io
n
to
tack
le
in
v
er
ter
r
elate
d
i
s
s
u
es
b
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
as
a
n
alo
g
a
n
d
d
ig
ita
l
cir
cu
it
a
n
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ic
h
b
etter
r
ea
lizatio
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
g
iv
es
a
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
r
esear
ch
s
u
r
v
e
y
in
t
h
e
SVP
W
M
f
o
r
3
φ
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
VSI
)
th
at
in
c
lu
d
es
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
V
SI,
SV
P
W
M.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t r
esear
ch
es i
n
SVP
W
M
an
d
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
t
s
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
u
n
r
eso
lv
ed
/r
esear
ch
g
ap
.
A
l
s
o
,
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
lin
e
o
f
r
esear
c
h
es
f
o
r
b
etter
r
ea
liza
tio
n
o
f
FP
GA
is
d
escr
ib
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
tep
s
:
-
a.
P
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
e
x
is
ti
n
g
r
esear
ch
es f
o
r
VSI
,
FP
G
A
r
ea
lizatio
n
,
an
d
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es.
b.
Fo
r
m
u
la
te
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
is
s
u
e
s
i
n
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
e
s
c.
Desig
n
a
n
FP
G
A
-
b
ased
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
in
VSI
.
d.
P
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
es
RE
F
E
RE
NCES
[
1
]
N.
M
o
h
a
n
,
T
.
M
.
U
n
d
e
lan
d
,
W
.
P
.
Ro
b
b
in
s,
“
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
:
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
De
sig
n
”
,
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s,
In
c
,
1
9
8
9
[
2
]
P
.
M
il
a
n
&
T
.
G
re
e
n
,
“
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
f
il
ter
d
e
sig
n
o
f
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
in
v
e
rter
f
o
r
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
g
ri
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
”
,
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r E
l
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
.
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
0
3
[
3
]
M
.
Do
g
a
n
,
M
.
D
u
rsu
n
,
“
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
A
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
M
o
to
r
L
o
ss
b
y
H
e
u
risti
c
M
e
th
o
d
s
(
P
S
O
-
GA
)”
,
El
e
k
tro
n
ika
ir
El
e
k
tro
tec
h
n
ika
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
7
(
1
),
p
p
.
5
3
-
5
8
,
2
0
1
2
[
4
]
J.
S
u
n
,
“
S
m
a
ll
-
sig
n
a
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
v
a
riab
le
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
p
u
lse
-
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
la
to
rs”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.A
e
ro
sp
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
S
y
st
,
v
o
l.
3
8
(3
),
p
p
.
1
1
0
4
–
1
1
0
8
,
2
0
0
2
[
5
]
S
.
A
ra
u
jo
&
F
.
L
u
iz,
“
L
CL
fi
ter
d
e
sig
n
fo
r
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
NPC
i
n
v
e
ter
s in
o
ff
sh
o
re
wi
n
d
t
u
rb
i
n
s”
,
7
t
h
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
3
-
1
1
3
8
,
2
0
0
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
11
–
18
18
[
6
]
S
.
R
Na
n
d
u
rk
a
r
,
M
.
Ra
jee
v
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
la
t
io
n
o
f
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
I
n
v
e
rte
r
fo
r
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
Ph
o
to
v
o
lt
a
i
c
sy
ste
ms
”
,
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s o
f
T
h
ird
B
ien
n
ial
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
NCN
T
E,
p
p
.
8
0
-
8
3
,
2
0
1
2
[
7
]
M
.
P
ra
d
a
n
o
v
ic
&
T
.
G
re
e
n
,
“
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
f
il
ter
d
e
sig
n
o
f
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
in
v
e
rter
f
o
r
h
ig
h
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
ty
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
”
,
IE
EE
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
8
.
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
0
3
[
8
]
J.
Ho
lt
z
,
“
P
u
lse
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
–
A
S
u
rv
e
y
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
410
-
4
2
0
,
1
9
9
2
[
9
]
J.
G
ra
n
a
d
o
,
R.
G
.
Ha
rle
y
,
G
.
G
i
a
n
a
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
De
sig
n
in
g
a
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
u
lse
-
W
id
th
-
M
o
d
u
lato
r
to
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
In
v
e
rter”
,
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
S
AIE
EE
,
v
o
l.
8
0
,
p
p
.
2
9
-
3
7
,
1
9
8
9
[
1
0
]
J.
Ho
lt
z
,
“
P
u
lse
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
l
a
ti
o
n
fo
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Po
we
r
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
”
,
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
IEE
E,
v
o
l.
8
2
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
4
-
1
2
1
4
,
1
9
9
4
[
1
1
]
V
.
Ho
lm
s,
D.G
.
“
T
h
e
S
ig
n
if
ic
a
n
c
e
o
f
Zero
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
lac
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
C
a
rrier
-
Ba
se
d
P
W
M
S
c
h
e
m
e
s”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
2
-
1
1
2
9
,
1
9
9
6
[
1
2
]
S
-
L
.
A
n
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
n
o
v
e
l
g
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
d
is
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
S
VP
W
M
stra
teg
ie
s
f
o
r
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rters
”
,
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
i
n
d
u
stri
a
l
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s,
v
o
l(
9
)2
,
p
p
.
7
8
1
-
7
8
9
,
2
0
1
3
[
1
3
]
M
.
A
.
A
.
Ba
d
ra
n
,
A
.
M
.
T
a
h
ir,
a
n
d
W
.
F
.
F
a
ris,
“
Dig
it
a
l
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
u
lse
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
Us
in
g
8
-
b
it
M
icro
c
o
n
t
ro
ll
e
r”
,
W
o
rld
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s Jo
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
-
2
8
,
2
0
1
3
[
1
4
]
A
.
Bo
u
d
o
u
d
a
,
“
Co
m
b
in
e
d
ra
n
d
o
m
sp
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
a
v
a
riab
le
sp
e
e
d
d
riv
e
u
sin
g
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r”
,
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
9
8
(1
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
5
,
2
0
1
6
[
1
5
]
P
.
Ch
a
u
d
h
a
ri
,
“
S
p
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
mo
d
u
l
a
ti
o
n
(
S
VP
W
M
)
o
n
DS
P
p
l
a
tf
o
rm
f
o
r
u
ti
li
ty
g
rid
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
iz
a
b
le
ti
e
-
li
n
e
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
b
e
twee
n
AC
-
b
u
s
a
n
d
DC
-
b
u
s
o
f
a
mic
ro
g
ri
d
”
,
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
ts
in
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
(TA
P
En
e
rg
y
),
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
5
[
1
6
]
M
.
M
.
G
a
b
a
ll
a
h
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
W
M
In
v
e
rter
Ba
se
d
o
n
a
L
o
w
Co
st
M
icro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r”
,
Ara
b
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
fo
r
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
8
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
3
0
5
9
-
3
0
7
0
,
2
0
1
3
[
1
7
]
M
.
Ka
ss
a
s
a
n
d
N.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
S
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
W
M
Us
in
g
Lo
o
k
-
Up
T
a
b
le”
,
Ara
b
i
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
f
o
r
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
9
(
6
),
p
p
.
4
8
1
5
-
4
8
2
8
,
2
0
1
4
[
1
8
]
A
.
A
.
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
D.
S
in
g
h
,
“
DS
P
b
a
se
d
IFO
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
HEV
fed
th
r
o
u
g
h
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rte
r”
,
A
n
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
In
d
ia C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(IND
ICON
),
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
3
[
1
9
]
C.
S
.
K
u
m
a
r,
V
.
G
o
p
a
lak
rish
n
a
n
,
R.
Dh
a
n
a
se
k
a
ra
n
,
B.
V
a
ik
u
n
d
a
se
lv
a
n
,
“
Dig
it
a
l
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
u
lse
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
latio
n
Ba
se
d
S
h
u
n
t
A
c
ti
v
e
F
il
ter”
,
Ap
p
l
ied
M
e
c
h
a
n
ics
a
n
d
M
a
ter
ia
ls
,
v
o
l.
5
7
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
4
[
2
0
]
M
.
M
iraz
im
i,
E.
Ba
b
a
e
i,
a
n
d
M
.
B.
B.
S
h
a
rif
ian
,
“
S
p
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
PW
M
me
th
o
d
fo
r
tw
o
-
p
h
a
se
th
re
e
-
leg
in
v
e
rte
rs
”
,
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
s T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(P
EDS
T
C),
2
0
1
6
.
[
2
1
]
C.
P
iao
a
n
d
J.Y.
Hu
n
g
,
“
A
simp
li
fi
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
stra
teg
y
to
b
a
la
n
c
e
d
c
-
li
n
k
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
fo
r
mu
lt
i
-
lev
e
l
d
io
d
e
c
la
mp
e
d
V
S
I
b
a
se
d
o
n
d
isc
o
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
S
V
PW
M
”
,
IEE
E
2
4
th
I
n
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
I
n
d
u
str
ial
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(IS
IE)
.
IEE
E,
2
0
1
5
.
[
2
2
]
W
.
P
ro
m
k
h
u
n
a
n
d
V
.
Kin
n
a
re
s
,
“
S
p
e
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
n
a
sy
mm
e
trica
l
typ
e
two
-
p
h
a
se
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
mo
to
r
u
si
n
g
d
isc
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s sp
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r p
u
lse
wid
th
mo
d
u
la
ti
o
n
”
,
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
M
a
c
h
in
e
s an
d
S
y
ste
m
s
(ICEM
S
),
1
8
t
h
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
2
3
]
P
.
S
u
n
,
“
T
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
d
u
a
l
-
b
u
c
k
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
u
n
if
ied
p
u
lse
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
”
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
7
(3
),
p
p
.
1
1
5
9
-
1
1
6
7
,
2
0
1
2
[
2
4
]
C.
d
.
,
A
n
g
e
l,
a
n
d
E.
T
o
d
o
r
o
v
i
c
h
,
“
Hig
h
re
so
lu
ti
o
n
F
P
G
A
DP
W
M
b
a
se
d
o
n
v
a
riab
le
c
lo
c
k
p
h
a
se
sh
if
ti
n
g
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
i
c
s
,
2
5
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
5
-
1
1
1
9
,
2
0
1
0
[
2
5
]
G
.
Oriti
a
n
d
A
.
L
.
Ju
li
a
n
,
“
T
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
VSI
w
it
h
F
P
G
A
-
b
a
se
d
m
u
lt
isa
m
p
led
sp
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
”
,
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
in
d
u
stry
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
7
(4
)
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
3
-
1
8
2
0
,
2
0
1
1
[
2
6
]
S
.
P
a
n
,
J.
P
a
n
,
a
n
d
Z
.
T
ian
,
“
A
sh
if
ted
S
VP
W
M
m
e
th
o
d
t
o
c
o
n
tro
l
DC
-
li
n
k
re
so
n
a
n
t
i
n
v
e
rters
a
n
d
i
ts
F
P
G
A
re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
9
(9
),
p
p
.
3
3
8
3
-
3
3
9
1
,
2
0
1
2
[
2
7
]
R.
Ra
je
n
d
ra
n
a
n
d
N.
De
v
a
ra
jan
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
F
P
G
A
Re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
P
u
lse
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
lato
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
rs”
,
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
2
(6
)
,
2
0
1
0
[
2
8
]
M
.
D.
P
a
ti
l
,
D.S
h
a
h
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ka
d
a
m
,
“
FP
GA
imp
lem
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
S
V
PW
M
c
o
n
tro
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
t
h
re
e
p
h
a
se
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
mo
to
r
d
riv
e
u
sin
g
fi
x
e
d
p
o
in
t
re
a
li
za
ti
o
n
”
,
Circu
it
s
,
S
y
ste
m
s,
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (CS
CIT
A
),
2
0
1
4
I
n
t
e
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