Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
9
, p
p.
5502~
5511
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
9
i
6
.
pp5502
-
55
11
5502
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Knowled
ge and
i
ntegr
ated
d
ata
m
anagem
en
t
m
odel fo
r
p
er
s
onali
ze
d
i
nt
ercr
oppin
g in
r
ub
ber
p
l
antation
Ko
rn
kano
k P
ho
ks
awa
t
1
,
M
as
su
di M
ah
m
uddin
2
1
Facul
t
y
of
Man
age
m
ent
Techno
log
y
,
R
aj
amang
a
la
Univ
ersity
of Tec
hno
log
y
Sriv
ij
a
y
a
,
Thaila
nd
1,2
School
of
Co
m
puti
ng,
Univer
siti
Ut
ara Mal
a
ysia,
Ma
lay
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
18
, 201
8
Re
vised
A
pr
18
, 2
01
9
Accepte
d
J
un
1
2
, 201
9
Sele
c
ti
on
and
allocation
of
spac
e
for
int
ercroppi
ng
in
rubbe
r
plantat
ions
to
m
axi
m
iz
e
y
ield
and
m
ini
m
um
costs
for
indi
vid
ual
far
m
ers
inv
olve
s
Multi
-
Crit
eria
De
ci
sio
n
Making
(MCD
M)
and
seve
ra
l
conditions.
Th
e
proble
m
is
tha
t
th
e
informat
ion
is
sca
ttere
d
i
n
m
an
y
re
la
t
ed
age
nc
ie
s,
t
her
e
a
re
sepa
ra
te
stores
and
som
e
dat
a
is
red
unda
nt.
In
addition,
t
he
form
at
of
the
dat
a
var
ie
s
depe
nding
on
th
e
purpose
of
th
e
dat
a
.
Th
e
know
le
dge
of
select
in
g
pla
nts
to
grow
in
th
e
r
ubber
pl
ant
a
ti
o
n
is
the
t
ac
i
t
knowledge
acquire
d
from
the
expe
r
ie
n
ce
of
suc
ce
ss
ful
far
m
ers
in
rubbe
r
pla
nt
at
ion
s
and
from
agr
ic
u
lt
ura
l
ex
per
ts.
The
r
efo
r
e,
thi
s
rese
a
rc
h
invol
ves
an
Inte
gra
t
ed
Ontolog
y
-
b
ase
d
knowledge
an
d
Multi
-
Objecti
ve
Optimiza
t
ion
m
odel
for
int
er
cro
pping
Dec
ision
Support
Sy
st
ems
(
DS
S).
Thi
s
art
ic
l
e
pre
sents
th
e
knowl
edge
and
in
te
gr
at
ed
data
m
ana
g
e
m
ent
m
odel
fo
r
developing
the
Inte
r
cro
ppin
g
in
Rubber
Pla
nta
ti
ons
Ontolog
y
b
y
using
the
T
ria
ngul
at
io
n
in
the
m
et
hod
t
o
ver
if
y
the
accura
c
y
of
th
e
d
at
a
and
r
esult
s.
Moreove
r,
propose
wa
y
s to
cre
a
te
r
ec
om
m
enda
ti
on
ru
le
s
th
a
t
are
e
as
y
to
rul
e
updat
e
and
m
ai
nte
nan
ce.
U
sing
an
on
tol
og
y
fo
r
DS
S
helps
to
re
comm
ende
d
pl
ant
s
ac
cor
d
ing
to
the
appr
opriate
env
ironment
of
th
e
far
m
er
ar
ea
b
y
rule
-
base
d
infe
ren
ce
to
r
ep
rese
nt
log
ic
a
l
re
asoning.
It
could
al
so
be
app
li
e
d
to
anot
he
r
dom
ai
n
that
r
equ
ire
s Int
el
l
ige
nt
D
SS
for
MCD
M.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
In
te
gr
at
ed
d
at
a
m
anag
e
m
ent
In
te
rc
r
opping
Kno
wled
ge
-
ba
sed
Mult
i
-
c
rite
ria
d
eci
sion
m
aking
On
t
ology
f
or
DS
S
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Kornka
nok
P
hoksa
wat,
Faculty
of Ma
nag
em
ent Tech
no
l
og
y,
Ra
j
am
ang
al
a U
ni
ver
sit
y o
f Te
ch
no
l
og
y
Sri
vij
ay
a,
109Moo
2
Tam
ya
i, Thungs
ong,
Na
khon Si
T
ham
m
arat,
80110
-
T
haila
nd
.
Em
a
il
: ko
r
nk
a
nok.p
@r
m
utsv.ac.t
h
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
So
il
and
la
nd
reso
ur
ces
are
scarce
reso
ur
ces
thatc
an
no
t
be
re
gen
erated
,
especial
ly
in
Thail
and
.
Ther
e
is
an
area
fo
r
agr
ic
ultur
e
of
35
.7
%
of
the
total
area
of
the
cou
ntry
of
wh
ic
h
79
.1
0%
is
a
m
on
ocu
lt
ur
al
syst
em
and
20
.9
%
is
a
blend
of
agr
ic
ultur
e
[1]
.
Thail
and
is
the
wo
rld’
s
secon
d
la
rg
est
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
area
and
this
m
ajo
r
econ
om
ic
cro
p,
al
on
g
with
oth
er
m
on
ocu
lt
ur
es
has
su
ff
ered
with
un
certai
n
low
pr
ic
es
since
20
14
causing
a
gr
eat
decli
ne
in
incom
e
in
ru
bb
er
far
m
ers
in
the
so
uth
and
the
Thail
and
econ
om
y
[2]
.
Rub
ber
is
a
key
m
od
ern
ind
us
tria
l
raw
m
at
erial
,
no
t
on
ly
us
ed
in
ty
res.
This
decli
ne
in
ru
bb
er
incom
e
le
d
to
the av
erag
e d
ebt
of
h
ou
seho
lds in
the so
uth
increasing
, esp
eci
al
ly
the
75
% o
f
al
l farm
ers
wh
o
far
m
r
ub
ber
[3]
and
wer
e
un
able
to
pay
their
bill
sand
m
any
far
m
ers
theref
or
e
decided
to
up
ro
ot
their
ru
bb
er
trees
and
plant
ano
ther
cro
p.
C
on
ver
ti
ng
m
on
ocu
lt
ur
e
into
a
po
ly
or
intercro
pp
ing
syst
em
is
a
local
wisd
om
or
gen
eral
way
to
so
lve
pr
ob
le
m
s
fo
r
a
par
ti
cular
area.
[4]
def
ine
In
te
rcr
op
pin
g
as
a
cro
pp
ing
syst
em
with,
du
ring
a
gr
ow
ing
season
,
two
or
m
ulti
ple
cro
ps
planted
in
the
sam
e
fiel
d
and
theref
or
e
a
p
os
sible
su
sta
inable
al
te
rn
at
ive
fo
r
r
edu
ci
ng
the
risk
of
insect
at
ta
ck
and
/
or
plant
patho
gen
s
and
pr
od
uct
pr
ic
e
fluctuati
on
[5]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Kno
wl
ed
ge a
nd inte
grate
d d
at
a
m
ana
ge
men
t
mod
el
f
or
pers
onalized
...
(
Ko
rn
k
anok
P
hoks
awa
t)
5503
Thail
and
go
ver
nm
ent
po
li
cy
m
aker
s
and
po
li
cy
im
plem
ented
agen
ci
es
hav
e
m
ade
a
lot
of
at
te
m
pts
to
su
pp
or
t
intercro
pp
ing
[6]
.
It also u
ses li
m
it
ed
reso
ur
ces su
ch
as land
an
d
bu
dg
et
to
get the m
os
t ou
t of
them
.
The
pr
ob
le
m
is
the
far
m
ers
la
ck
kn
ow
le
dg
e
fo
r
intercro
pp
ing
and
do
no
t
kn
ow
the
pr
od
uction
cost
data
of
each
plant
[7]
.
The
way
to
le
arn
is
fr
om
su
ccessfu
l
far
m
ers,
a
le
arn
ing
center
or
a
local
ph
il
os
op
her
[6]
.
The
tria
l
inv
olv
ed
identify
ing
wh
at
and
ho
w
m
uch
to
plant
with
the
avail
able
reso
ur
ces
of
far
m
ers
and
the
inv
est
m
ent
costs
and
rev
enu
e
est
im
at
es.
Fr
om
the
abo
ve
-
m
entioned
pr
ob
le
m
s,
the
research
er
has
the
idea
of
dev
el
op
ing
a
so
luti
on
to
the
pr
ob
le
m
of
planting
sp
ace
al
locat
ion
.
It
includes
reco
m
m
end
ing
su
it
able
plants
with
MC
DM.
Ther
e
are
sever
al
pu
rp
os
esi
n
sel
ect
ing
the
righ
t
plants;
us
e
the
kn
ow
le
dg
e
-
base
to
intro
du
ce
the
li
st
of
plants
and
al
locat
e
each
area
to
su
it
the
area
con
diti
on
s
and
ind
ividu
al
far
m
er
con
diti
on
s tog
et
her
with the
m
ulti
-
ob
j
ect
ive o
ptim
iz
at
ion
m
od
el
f
or
reso
ur
ce al
locat
ion
.
That is,
far
m
ers
hav
e
the h
igh
est
an
nu
al
inco
m
e and
the low
est
co
st, accor
din
g
to the p
rinciple o
f
intercro
pp
ing
.
Acco
rd
ing
to
stud
ie
s,
it
has
bee
n
fo
un
d
that
info
rm
at
ion
to
su
pp
or
t
the
decisi
on
fo
rintercr
op
pin
g
in
ru
bb
er
plants
is
scat
te
red
in
m
any
agen
ci
es
with
the
m
issi
on
of
pr
om
oting
the
culti
vation
of
cro
ps
and
Kn
ow
le
dg
e
Ma
nag
em
ent
(K
M).
It
is
the
transf
er
of
kn
ow
le
dg
e
fr
om
the
exp
erts
thro
ug
h
stud
y
visit
s
and
pu
blishing
the
do
cum
ents
of
each
agen
cy
to
m
anag
e
kn
ow
le
dg
e
accord
ing
to
the
pr
inciple
of
kn
ow
le
dg
e
eng
ineering
that
con
ta
ins
te
chn
iqu
es
and
too
ls
to
create
kn
ow
le
dg
e.
It
is
an
info
rm
at
ion
te
chn
olo
gy
syst
em
that
beh
aves
in
a
hu
m
an
-
li
ke
way
to
identify
a
so
luti
on
or
decisi
on
and
determ
ine
the
reaso
n
fo
r
info
rm
at
ion
and
decisi
on
-
m
aking
info
rm
at
ion
.
Ther
e
are
m
any
ways
to
create
kn
ow
le
dg
e
-
based
m
et
ho
ds
su
ch
as
un
der
sta
nd
ing
and
so
lving
new
pr
ob
le
m
s
us
ing
Ca
se
-
Ba
sed
Re
ason
ing
(CBR
)
fr
om
pr
ior
e
xp
erience
of
sim
il
ar
cases
[8]
, an
d
On
tolog
ie
s
[9]
.
On
tolog
ie
s
are
on
e
of
the
basic
con
cepts
of
the
Sem
antic
W
eb
Techn
olo
gy
[10]
wh
ic
h
is
an
extension
of
the
cur
ren
t
web
in
wh
ic
h
info
rm
at
ion
is
giv
en
m
eaning
in
a
well
-
def
ined
m
achine
read
able
way
to
assist
coo
per
at
ive
wo
rk
ing
between
peo
ple
and
com
pu
te
rs
[10]
,
and
par
ti
cularly
us
ed
in
the
Kn
ow
le
dg
e
Eng
ineering
fiel
d
[11]
.
An
on
tolog
y
is
a
pr
esentat
ion
of
vo
cabu
la
ry
that
rep
resen
ts
kn
ow
le
dg
e
or
con
cepts.
This
is
a
set
of
info
rm
at
ion
in
the
fo
rm
of
con
cepts
and
relat
ion
sh
ips
that
rep
resen
t
data
and
data
structur
es.
On
tolog
ie
s
rather
than
databases
su
pp
or
t
the
relat
ion
sh
ip
between
data
becau
se
on
tolog
ie
s
can
determ
ine
the
relat
ion
sh
ip
between
con
cepts.
On
tolog
ie
s
fo
cus
on
the
m
eaning
of
the
info
rm
at
ion
that
is
us
ed
fo
r
sh
aring
and
m
utu
al
un
der
sta
nd
ing
be
tween
peo
ple
or
so
ftwar
e.
The
pr
im
ary
ob
j
ect
ive
of
on
tolog
ie
s
is
to
determ
ine
kn
ow
le
dg
e
and
pr
op
or
ti
on
at
ed
do
m
ai
n
m
od
el
fr
om
a
var
ie
ty
of
so
ur
ces
[12]
.
Ther
efo
re,
the
on
tolog
y
is
al
so
us
ed
in
kn
ow
le
dg
e
m
anag
em
ent.
It
helps
to
find
that
kn
ow
le
dg
e
e
asi
ly
.
It
can
be
check
ed
and
resu
lt
s
are
m
or
e
accurateby
creati
ng
on
tolog
ie
s
and
ru
le
s
in
or
der
to
infer
kn
ow
le
dg
e
and
reaso
nin
g
[13]
.
In
add
it
ion
,
the
on
tolog
y
is
al
so
us
ed
to
increase
the
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
reco
m
m
end
er
syst
em
.
Fo
r
exam
ple,
it
helps
com
pu
te
rs
in
pr
edict
ing
us
ers’
im
plici
t
kn
ow
le
dg
e.
Re
com
m
end
er
syst
em
s
us
e
On
tolog
ie
s
to
help
beco
m
e
a
m
ulti
-
cl
ass
env
iron
m
ent
[14]
,
and
us
ed
fo
r
In
te
ll
igent
Decisi
on
Su
pp
or
t
Syst
em
s
(I
DS
S)
[15]
.
Con
sequ
ently
,
an
intercro
pp
ing
on
tolog
y
was
design
ed
and
dev
el
op
ed
fo
r
DS
S
to
reco
m
m
end
a
plant
fo
r
intercro
p
in
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
that
can
be
reu
sed
and
sh
are
the k
no
wledg
e and
log
ic
r
eason
ing
to
be
us
ed
in the in
trod
uction
of
p
la
nts su
it
able fo
r
ind
ividu
al
f
arm
ers.
The
on
tolog
y
dev
el
op
m
ent
li
fe
cy
cl
e
by
[16]
inv
olv
es
seven
ste
ps
includin
g:
1)
“Determ
ine
the
Do
m
ai
n
and
Scop
e
of
the
On
tolog
y,
2)
Con
sider
Re
us
ing
Existi
ng
On
tolog
ie
s,
3)
Enu
m
erate
Term
s
in
the
On
tolog
y,
4)
Def
ine
Cl
asses
and
the
Cl
ass
Hierarch
y,
5)
Def
ine
the
Pr
op
erti
es
of
Cl
asses
-
slots,
6)
Def
ine
the
Facet
s
of
the
Slots,
and
7
)
Creat
e
In
sta
nces”
.
Ho
wev
er,
in
ste
p
2
of
the
on
tolog
y
dev
el
op
m
ent
wh
ic
h
is
to
con
sider
the
us
e
of
existi
ng
on
tolog
ie
s.
Fr
om
the
li
te
ratur
e
rev
ie
w,
it
app
ears
that
there
is
a
la
ck
of
an
on
tolog
y
fo
r
intercro
pp
ing
in
a
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
.
On
tolog
y
dev
el
op
m
ent
sh
ou
ld
be
based
on
app
li
cat
ion
ob
j
ect
ives, d
at
a char
act
erist
ic
co
ntext, r
ules,
and
f
utu
re r
euse f
easi
bili
ty
[17
-
20]
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
pro
pose
d
a
K
now
le
dg
e
an
d
I
ntegr
at
e
d
Data
Ma
na
gem
ent
m
od
el
f
or
dev
el
op
m
ent
ontolo
gy
f
or
rec
omm
end
p
ers
onal
iz
ed
inte
rcroppin
g
i
n
r
ubbe
r
pla
ntati
on
by
us
in
g
ont
ology
as
the
knowle
dge
acqu
isi
ti
on
to
dev
el
op
the
sc
op
e
of
kn
ow
le
dg
e
a
nd
cat
eg
ori
ze
knowle
dg
e
into
gro
up
s
i
n
orde
r
to
form
kn
owle
dg
e
m
od
el
in
g
an
d
an
inte
gr
at
e
d
dataset
with
ru
le
-
ba
sed
w
hich
is
necessary
to
m
ake
the
decisi
on
to
plant
r
ubbe
r
trees
ba
se
d
on
so
m
e
ind
ivid
ua
l
factor
s
.
The
res
t
of
t
his
pa
per
is
organ
i
zed
i
n
the
f
ollow
i
ng
way:
sect
ion
1
pr
ov
i
des
a
backg
rou
nd
of
the
stu
dy;
sect
ion
2
is;
res
earch
m
et
ho
dolo
gy;
sect
ion
3 rep
re
sents the
r
esea
r
ch results
,
and
the last
secti
on
is the c
oncl
us
i
on and
f
utu
re
work.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
DS
S
fo
r
op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
of
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
plann
ing
has
two
ste
ps
:
1)
Re
com
m
end
ing
the
righ
t
intercro
p
and
2)
the
al
locat
ion
of
gr
ow
ing
sp
ace
to
achieve
two
ob
j
ect
ives
wh
ic
h
are
the
m
axim
um
earn
ing
with
the
m
inim
um
total
cost
un
der
the
reso
ur
ces
and
cap
it
al
of
the
far
m
ers.
Ther
efo
re,
the
DS
S
fo
r
intercro
pp
ing
is an
integrated m
et
ho
d
wh
ic
h
wo
rk
s tog
et
her
in
two
ste
ps
as sh
ow
n
in Fig
ur
e 1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N
:
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8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
9
:
5502
-
5511
5504
Figure
1. Re
se
arch
co
nce
ptu
a
l fr
am
ewo
r
k of o
nto
lo
gy a
nd
op
ti
m
iz
ation
m
od
el
f
or
DSS
-
i
ntercro
pp
i
ng
The
first
ste
p
of
the
re
searc
h
cal
le
d
per
s
onal
iz
ed
interc
r
opping
rec
omm
end
er
m
od
ul
e
is
a
par
t
of
dev
el
op
m
ent
I
ntercro
pp
i
ng
On
t
ology
f
or
reco
m
m
end
th
e
plant
f
or
i
nt
ercrop
ping
in
the
far
m
er'
s
area.
The
knowle
dg
e
-
base
d
pa
rtuse
s
the
proces
s
of
knowle
dg
e
en
gin
ee
rin
g
with
on
t
ology
to
obta
in
a
r
ubbe
r
plantat
io
n
m
o
del
an
d
to
de
ve
lop
a
n
I
ntercroppin
g
On
t
ology
an
d
log
ic
al
appro
ac
h
that
will
le
ad
to
a
m
or
e
intel
li
gen
t
D
S
S
w
hich
is
m
i
xed
wit
h
a
Mult
i
-
O
bj
ect
ive
Op
ti
m
iz
ation
m
od
el
(MOO)
pa
rt.
T
he
sec
ond
ste
p
will
help
to
cal
culat
e
an
d
al
lo
cat
e
each
cr
op area
to g
ive
m
axim
u
m
yield
and
t
he
m
ini
m
um
cost
so
the syst
e
m
will
help
farm
ers
or
us
e
rs
m
ake
decisi
on
s
as
a
gu
id
e
li
ne
or
pri
m
ar
y
reco
m
m
endat
ion
s
be
fore
m
aking
a
decisi
on
on
plantat
io
n
op
e
rati
on
as
in
dicat
ed
by
so
il
,
tim
e,
season
,
ar
ea
,
cost,
an
d
m
ark
et
pr
ic
e
or
othe
r
crit
ic
al
p
aram
e
te
rs.
In
this
a
rtic
le
pr
ese
nt
only
s
te
p
1
of
the
r
esearch
.
T
he
r
esearch
proces
s
in
Step
1
c
on
sist
of
5
processes
as
s
how
n
in
Fi
gur
e
2
inclu
ding;
1)
Sett
ing
obj
e
ct
ive
an
d
sco
pe
of
th
e
to
p
le
vel
do
m
ai
n
cl
asses
of
On
t
ology,
2)
knowle
dge
an
d
integ
rated
da
ta
m
anag
em
e
nt
process
,
3)
On
tol
og
y
co
ns
tr
uction
by
us
i
ng
on
t
ology edit
or, 4) Dat
abase
to on
t
ology m
a
pp
i
ng, a
nd 5)
Evaluati
on.
Figure
2.
Per
sonal
iz
ed
i
ntercroppin
g o
nto
lo
gy
d
evel
op
m
ent
f
or
DSS
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Kno
wl
ed
ge a
nd inte
grate
d d
at
a
m
ana
ge
men
t
mod
el
f
or
pers
onalized
...
(
Ko
rn
k
anok
P
hoks
awa
t)
5505
Ho
wev
er,
this
a
rtic
le
pr
esents
the
pr
ocesses
1
and
2
wh
ic
h
pr
ov
ide
the
kn
ow
le
dg
e
m
od
el
ing
,
so
il
and
p
la
nt d
at
aset
, an
d
ru
le
s b
efo
re co
ns
truct I
ntercr
op
pin
g
On
tolog
y by us
ing
o
nto
log
y edit
or
.
2.1.
Sett
in
g
s
co
pe
an
d
objec
tive to
crea
te
th
e i
nt
ercr
op
pin
g ontol
ogy
This
resea
rch
aim
s
to
create
an
ontolo
gy
as
the
Know
le
dge
-
base
d
in
the
DS
S
f
or
the
al
locat
ion
of
rub
ber
plantat
ion
a
reas
f
or
m
any
pu
r
pose
s.
The
sc
ope
of
the
stu
dy
is
to
pro
vid
e
a
r
ecom
m
end
er
pa
rt
that
reco
m
m
end
s
a
su
it
able
plant
to
be
culti
vated
durin
g
the
sh
ort
-
te
rm
returns
withi
n
1
ye
ar
of
culti
va
ti
on
.
The
fa
rm
ers
can
ear
n
inc
ome
durin
g
the
y
ear
an
d
it
m
us
t
be
a
plant
th
at
has
bee
n
pl
anted
as
inte
rc
rop
ping
befor
e
, es
pecia
ll
y i
n
the li
st o
f
r
ec
omm
end
at
ion
s
of t
he Dep
artm
ent o
f
A
gr
ic
ultur
al
E
xten
sion.
2.2.
Ineg
r
at
e
d
k
now
le
dg
e and
data ma
nageme
nt
Kn
ow
le
dg
e
fr
om
relat
ed
so
ur
ces
reg
ard
ing
the
intercro
pp
ing
need
s
to
be
integrated
in
or
der
to
facil
it
at
e
the
m
anag
em
ent
of
decisi
on
pr
ocess.
This
req
uired
data
to
be
colle
ct
ed
fr
om
var
iou
s
so
ur
ces.
The
integrati
on
o
f
kn
ow
le
dg
e
and
data
is
a
tria
ng
ulati
on
m
et
ho
d
[21]
.
Ther
efo
re,
the
data
colle
ct
ion
is
based
on
three
so
ur
ces:
1
)
Secon
dar
y
data,
analy
sis
of
do
cum
ents
ob
ta
ined
fr
om
research
or
pu
blic
info
rm
a
ti
on
.
2)
Fo
ur
go
ver
nm
ent
of
fici
al
or
gan
iz
at
ion
s
sta
ff
includin
g,
on
e
Land
Su
rv
ey
or
Exp
ert,
on
e
exp
ert
fr
om
Rub
ber
Au
tho
rity
of
Thail
and
,
and
two
exp
erts
fr
om
Pr
ov
incia
l
Ag
ricult
ur
e
Of
fice,
3)
three
exp
ert
far
m
ers
wh
o
hav
e
su
ccee
ded
at
intercro
pp
ing
in
ru
b
ber
plantat
ion
s.
An
d
us
ing
3
diff
eren
t
m
et
ho
ds
:
Do
cum
ent
An
al
ysi
s,
In
te
rv
ie
w,
an
d
Fo
cus
Gr
ou
p.
a.
Do
c
um
ent
anal
ysi
s
Do
cum
entary
analy
sis
is
intended
to
ver
ify
the
kn
ow
le
dg
e
fr
om
secon
dar
y
data
e.g
.
research
pap
ers
and
data
pu
blica
ti
on
of
existi
ng
intercro
pp
in
g
in
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
s
of
the
Mi
nistry
of
Ag
ricult
ur
e
and
Coo
per
at
ives.
Ther
e
is
a
m
issi
on
to
pr
om
ote
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
s
includin
g:
Dep
artm
ent
of
Ag
ricult
ur
al
Extention
,
Land
Dev
el
op
m
ent
Re
gio
nal
11
Of
fice,
Pr
ov
incia
l
Ag
ricult
ur
e
Of
fice,
and
Land
Dev
el
op
m
ent
Of
fice
as sh
ow
n
in
Table 1
.
Table
1.
Su
m
m
arized s
ources
of d
at
a a
nd
know
le
dg
e
to su
pport
decisi
on
m
aking
f
or
i
nt
ercr
opping
Organ
izatio
n
Ty
p
e of
inf
o
r
m
atio
n
Dep
artm
en
t
o
f
Agricu
ltu
ral
Exten
tio
n
-
Kn
o
wled
g
e and
m
ed
ia
f
o
r
crop
p
in
g
Of
f
ice of
Ag
ricultu
ral
Econ
o
m
ic
-
Sale
Price
p
er
Kg
.
(T
HB)
-
Co
st
p
er
rai
(T
HB)
.
It
is
th
e
area
m
easu
rem
en
t
u
n
it
o
f
Thailan
d
b
y
1
rai
=
1
,60
0
sq
u
are
m
eters
-
Prod
u
ctiv
ity
per
rai
(Kg.)
Ru
b
b
er
Au
th
o
rity
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
-
Princip
le of
intercrop
p
in
g
in rub
b
er
p
lan
tatio
n
Land
Develo
p
m
en
t
Reg
io
n
al 11
Of
f
ice
-
So
il inf
o
rm
atio
n
each su
b
-
d
istrict
Prov
in
cial Agricult
u
re
Of
f
ice
Ad
v
isin
g
agricul
tu
re
in
eac
h
p
rov
in
ce fo
r
in
tercr
o
p
p
in
g
b.
Ex
per
t
inte
rv
ie
w
The
exp
erts
wer
e
sel
ect
ed
fr
om
three
exp
erts
at
intercro
pp
ing
in
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
s
and
two
academ
ic
s
fr
om
go
ver
nm
ent
agen
ci
es
wh
o
are
resp
on
sible
fo
r
pr
om
oting
the
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
,
the
sta
ff
of
the
Rub
ber
of
Thail
and
,
and
a
so
il
exp
ert
fr
om
the
Land
Dev
el
op
m
ent
Dep
artm
ent.
A
fter
that
the
con
te
nt
was
analy
sed.
Then
the
scop
e
of
kn
ow
le
dg
e
in
each
of
the
con
cepts
and
data
at
tribu
te
s,
data
relat
ion
sh
ip
and
kn
ow
le
dg
e
m
od
el
ing
wer
e
sk
et
ched
ou
t
.
Af
te
r
that,
dataset
was
pr
epar
ed
fo
r
pr
ocessing
.
Du
e
to
the
r
aw
data
ob
ta
ined
fr
om
the
var
iou
s
so
ur
ces,
there
m
us
t
be
a
pr
ocess
of
data
cl
eaning
and
data
transf
or
m
at
ion
to
a fo
rm
at
that can b
e u
sed.
c.
Vali
date the
r
e
su
lt
s and
r
ule usi
ng focu
s
gro
up b
y e
xp
ert
fa
rm
ers
in the fi
na
l st
ages
3.
RESEA
R
CH
RESU
LT
S
The
stu
dy
fou
nd
that
the
crit
eria
for
sel
ect
i
on
of
pla
nts
for
rub
ber
pla
nta
ti
on
of
ind
i
vidual
far
m
ers
wer
e
i
n
tw
o
gr
oups
;
1)
A
gr
ic
ultur
al
c
rite
ria,
inclu
ding
the
plantin
g
per
i
od
of
the
r
ubber
trees
,
water
a
nd
s
oil
ty
pes,
and
plant
diseases
f
ound
that
pes
t
and
disease
dam
ag
e
in
i
ntercro
pp
i
ng
i
s
le
ss
than
m
on
o
-
crop
ping
[
22
]
.
Ex
per
t
fa
rm
ers
insist
that
integrate
d
cr
oppi
ng
will
help
r
ed
uce
pla
nt
disea
se.
The
plant
di
sease
is
no
t
a
facto
r
for
the
de
ci
sio
n
to
pla
nt
r
ubbe
r
trees
this
ti
m
e;
2)
Eco
nom
ic
crit
eria
in
cl
ud
e
c
os
t
of
gro
wing
each
plant
a
nd
yi
el
d,
t
he
pro
blem
of
r
ubber
plantat
io
n
sel
ect
ion
for
sm
a
ll
far
m
er
s,
an
d
reco
m
m
end
in
g
the
plants
s
uitable
for
the
area
and
co
ns
tr
ai
nt
s
of
the
r
ubbe
r
far
m
er.
Eve
n
thou
gh
the p
la
nt
s
hav
e
hi
gh
r
e
tur
ns
,
bu
t
it
is
not
s
uitable
f
or
the
co
nd
it
io
n
of
the
r
ubbe
r
pla
ntati
on
an
d
no
t
s
uitable
for
the
plant
to
f
ollo
w
the
pri
nciples
of
rub
ber
pl
an
ta
ti
on
.
I
t
s
houl
d
not
be
plan
te
d
beca
us
e
it
m
ay
interfer
e
with
the
gro
wth
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
9
:
5502
-
5511
5506
the
tree,
a
nd
th
e
ou
t
put
is
not
as
desire
d.
He
nce,
t
he
im
po
rtance
of
th
e
are
a
of
the
pr
e
vious
r
ubbe
r
plant
at
ion.
The
n,
c
onside
r
ing
t
he
ec
onom
ic
factor
s
in
t
he
al
locat
io
n
of
pl
antin
g
a
rea
s
in
acc
orda
nc
e
with
the
pri
nc
iple
of
plantin
g
m
ixed
plants
to
pla
nt
two
or
m
ore.
The
Mult
i
-
Objecti
ve
O
ptim
iz
at
ion
m
od
el
is
us
ed
to
achieve
m
axi
m
u
m
rev
e
nu
e
ob
j
ect
ives,
with
t
he
m
ini
m
u
m
cost
unde
r
the
bu
dg
et
c
on
st
raints
of
the
far
m
ers.
Fi
gure
3
s
hows
the
c
onc
ept and C
rite
ria f
or
Decisi
on
Ma
king to
Intercr
opping i
n
R
ubbe
r
Pla
ntati
on
Do
m
ai
n
.
Figure
3. Co
nc
ept
an
d
c
rite
ria
for
decisi
on m
akin
g
to
interc
r
opping i
n rub
be
r planta
ti
on dom
ai
n
a.
Ag
e o
f
ru
bb
er tree
The
age
of
the
ru
bb
er
is
relat
ed
to
su
nligh
t
to
reach
the
planting
area,
wh
en
the
tree
is
abo
ut
4
ye
ars
old
.
The
br
anch
es
and
le
aves
le
t
m
uch
le
ss
su
nligh
t
reachth
e
gr
ou
nd
.
It
al
so
has
a
relat
ion
sh
ip
with
the p
la
nting
p
eriod
, s
o
the ag
e o
f
the r
ub
ber
tree is a g
uid
el
ine f
or
intro
du
ci
ng
the
plant.
b.
Sp
aci
ng
b
et
ween
r
ow
s
The
R
ru
bb
er
Au
tho
rity
of
Thail
and
has
intro
du
ced
the
ru
bb
er
planting
sp
aci
ng
between
plo
ts.
Ther
e
are
m
any
cho
ic
e
s
s
uch
as:
2x
5
m
et
ers
(m
),
3x
6
m
,
3x
7
m
,
3x
8
m
,
and
3x
9
m
.
If
the
far
m
ers’
areas
are
le
ss
than
3x
7m
e.g
.
2x
5
m
,
3x
6
m
,
or
4x
5
m
,
it
is
no
t
su
it
able
fo
r
intercro
pp
ing
.
The
exp
erts
reco
m
m
end
that
the
cro
p
m
us
t
be
planted
at
le
ast
1
m
apar
t
fr
om
the
ro
w
of
trees
plu
s
half
of
the
distance
between
ro
ws
of
the p
la
nt to
avo
id sh
ading
an
d
sp
oili
ng
r
ub
ber
tree f
erti
li
zers.
Th
us
, th
e d
ist
ance b
et
ween
the r
ub
ber
p
la
nting
s
is 3x
7
m
o
r
m
or
e
.
Ho
wev
er,
there ar
e so
m
e p
la
nts that can
be
gr
ow
n,
su
ch
as u
pland
r
ic
e, o
r
bean
s.
c.
W
at
er s
ou
rce f
or
ag
ricult
ur
e
W
at
er
so
ur
ces
fo
r
agr
ic
ultur
e
are
the
factor
s
us
ed
to
determ
ine
the
app
ro
pr
ia
te
c
ro
p.
Each
plant
req
uires
diff
eren
t
am
ou
nts
of
water.
If
far
m
ers
hav
e
acce
ss
to
agr
ic
ultur
al
water
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
ye
ar,
no
rain
is
req
uired
.
This
factor
aff
ect
s
the
sel
ect
ion
of
plants
su
it
able
fo
r
this
con
strai
nt
of
far
m
ers.
I
f
there
is
su
ff
ic
ie
nt
water
su
pp
ly
to
agr
ic
ultur
e,
it
will
be
po
ssible
to
sel
ect
so
m
e
veg
et
able
and
fr
uit
cro
ps
su
ch
as
cucu
m
ber
s,
pap
rikas,
et
c.
But
if
there
is
no
so
ur
ce
of
water
on
ly
rain
water
in
the
season
,
it
sh
ou
ld
be
us
ed
to
gr
ow
cro
ps
, s
uch
as u
pland
r
ic
e, co
rn
an
d
su
gar
cane
, etc.
d.
So
il
group
Thail
and
has
62
cl
ay
so
il
series
[23]
.
This
gr
ou
p
of
so
il
s
is
a
un
it
of
the
la
nd
plan
dev
el
op
ed
by
the
Dep
artm
ent
of
Land
Dev
el
op
m
ent
by
com
bin
ing
so
il
gr
ou
p
with
pr
op
erti
es
and
po
te
ntial
fo
r
culti
vation
includin
g
the
sam
e
m
anag
em
ent
of
the
so
il
fo
r
the
sake
of
adv
ic
e,
so
il
m
on
it
or
ing
,
la
nd
us
e,
and
app
ro
pr
ia
te
so
il
m
anag
em
ent
fo
r
far
m
ers
and
peo
ple
wh
o
are
interest
ed
.
In
con
sidering
the
su
it
abili
ty
of
so
il
s
us
ed
in
agr
ic
ultur
e,
con
sider
th
e fo
ll
ow
ing
as sh
ow
n
in
Table 2
top
og
rap
hy co
nd
it
ion
, s
oil slop
e (%)
, d
epth
(cm
),
so
i
l
dr
ai
nag
e, textur
e, that h
ave 2
level i
nclud
ing
top
and
su
b
-
so
il
, s
oil react
in (
pH
),
an
d
fer
ti
li
t
y.
The
Land
Dev
el
op
m
ent
Dep
artm
ent
has
m
app
ed
the
so
il
gr
ou
ps
fo
r
gr
ow
ing
the
pr
ov
ince'
s
econ
om
ic
cro
ps
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
cou
ntry,
with
a
rati
o
1:
50
00
0.
Land
dev
el
op
m
ent
has
con
ti
nu
ed
to
the
pr
esent.
Fo
r
exam
ple,
accord
ing
to
the
la
nd
su
rv
ey
of
the
Land
Dev
el
op
m
ent
Dep
artm
ent,
it
was
fo
un
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Kno
wl
ed
ge a
nd inte
grate
d d
at
a
m
ana
ge
men
t
mod
el
f
or
pers
onalized
...
(
Ko
rn
k
anok
P
hoks
awa
t)
5507
that i
n Nak
ho
n
Si Tham
m
arat
pr
ov
ince,
a total
o
f
41
diff
eren
t
so
il
gr
ou
ps
cou
ld
be c
la
ssifie
d.
Moreo
ver
,
there
are also
add
it
ion
al
slop
e assign
m
ents f
or
each
so
il
g
ro
up
b
y defin
ing
the en
d
of
the so
il
g
ro
up
n
um
ber
s;
Slop
e level
A
: soil_g
ro
up
h
as a 0
-
2%
slop
e g
rad
ie
nt (
bu
t sl
op
e sign
A
is n
ot sh
ow
after
the so
il
_g
ro
up
).
Slop
e level
B:
so
il
_g
ro
up
h
as a steep slop
e o
f
2
-
5%.
Slop
e level
C:
so
il
_g
ro
up
w
it
h
slop
e o
f
6
-
12
%.
Slop
e level
D
:
so
il
_g
ro
up
w
it
h
slop
e m
or
e than
1
2%
.
Table
2.
Sam
pl
e
of ty
pe of
s
oil and it
’s pro
pe
rtie
s
So
il_
g
rou
p
_
id
Top
o
g
raph
y
condit
io
n
Slo
p
e (
%)
Dep
th
(
cm
.)
so
il_
d
rainag
e
to
p
_
so
il
_
tex
tu
re
su
b
_
s
o
il_
tex
tu
re
to
p
_
so
il
_
co
lo
u
r
su
b
_
s
o
il_
co
lo
u
r
to
p
_
so
il
_
reac
tio
n
(pH)
su
b
_
s
o
il_
reac
tio
n
(pH)
to
p
_
so
il
_
fer
tility
su
b
_
s
o
il_
fer
tility
26
th
e ar
ea of
h
ig
h
s
m
o
o
th
g
rou
n
d
or
q
u
ite
s
m
o
o
th
0
-
2
>1
5
0
good
Clay
lo
a
m
clay
b
rown
Bro
wn
or
b
rown
an
d
y
ello
w
5
.0
-
5
.5
4
.5
-
5
.5
Low
Low
34B
th
e ar
ea of
h
ig
h
g
rou
n
d
,
wav
e,
little
wav
e
2
-
5
>1
5
0
good
san
d
y
lo
a
m
Mold
,
clay
san
d
Bro
wn
o
r
b
rown
an
d
y
ello
w
Bro
wn
or
b
rown
an
d
y
ello
wo
r
red
5
.0
-
5
.5
4
.5
-
5
.5
Low
Low
45C
th
e ar
ea of
h
ig
h
g
rou
n
d
,
wav
e
5
-
12
<5
0
clast
lev
el
o
r
g
ravel
good
Clay
lo
a
m
,
san
d
y
lo
a
m
with
g
ravel
Clay
g
ravel
o
r
clay
lay
er
f
o
u
n
d
in
the
so
il
Bro
wn
o
r
b
rown
an
d
red
Yello
w,
red, or
red and
y
ello
w
5
.0
-
6
.0
4
.5
-
5
.5
Low
Low
It
giv
es
the
su
it
abili
ty
fo
r
gr
ow
ing
plants
as
sh
ow
n
in
Table
3
.
This
set
of
info
rm
at
ion
will
help
to
identify
wh
at
kin
d
of
so
il
the
far
m
er'
s
area
is
in.
The
so
il
su
it
abili
ty
cl
assifi
cat
ion
is
based
on
the
so
il
su
it
abili
ty
g
uid
el
ines
fo
r
econ
om
ic
cro
ps
of
Thail
and
in
2010
, b
y t
he
Division
o
f
Su
rv
ey
an
d
Cl
assifi
cat
ion
o
f
So
il
.
The
Dep
artm
ent
of
Land
Dev
el
op
m
ent
identifie
d
into
3
planting
cl
assifi
cat
ion
so
f
so
il
:
1=w
el
l
su
it
ed,
2=p
oo
rly
su
it
ed,
an
d
3=u
ns
uitable
[23]
.
Table
3
.
E
xam
ples
of
so
m
e p
la
nts that s
uitab
le
o
f
so
m
e so
il
gro
up
in Ba
ng
Kh
a
n dist
rict
,
Nakh
on Si T
ha
m
m
arat
Su
b
-
d
istrict
So
il
g
rou
p
Ru
b
b
er
tree
Ro
b
u
sta
co
f
f
ee
Pin
eapp
le
Gu
av
a
Ban
an
a
Up
lan
d
rice
Nu
t
Veg
etab
le
Ban
Nikh
o
m
Ban
g
kh
an
Ban
L
a
m
n
ao
Ban
g
L
h
an
26
34B
45C
62
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
3
T
he
ty
pe
of
so
il
su
it
able
fo
r
each
plant
in
the
district
ru
bb
er
plantat
ion
is
kn
ow
n.
In
Ba
n
Nikh
om
su
b
-
district
,
Ba
ng
Kh
an
district
,
the
so
il
gr
ou
p
26
is
a
fine
so
il
of
the
deep
cl
ay
gr
ou
p
fo
rm
ed
by
sedim
ent
fo
un
d
in
the
rainf
ed
so
uth
ern
par
t
of
Thail
and
.
It
is
app
ro
pr
ia
te
fo
r
veg
et
ables,fr
uits,
ru
bb
er
trees,
and
so
m
e
cro
ps
.
The
so
il
gr
ou
p
45
C
in
Ba
n
Lam
nao
su
b
-
district
is
un
su
it
able
fo
r
veg
et
able
culti
vation
bu
t
su
it
able
fo
r
ban
ana
planting
.
Ho
wev
er,
the
so
il
set
62
in
Ba
ng
Lhan
su
bd
ist
rict
is
no
t
su
it
able
fo
r
gr
ow
ing
cro
ps
becau
se
it
has
a
slop
e
of
ov
er
35
%
with
so
m
e
ro
cky
areas
wh
ic
h
m
ay
cause
so
il
ero
sion
.
Ther
efo
re,
in
this
research
,
the su
it
abili
ty
o
f
each ty
pe
of
so
il
is o
nly app
ro
pr
ia
te
(
app
ro
pr
ia
te
level=
1)
f
or
each
plant.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
9
:
5502
-
5511
5508
e.
Econ
om
ic
f
act
or
The
pr
ic
e
to
be
cal
culat
ed
in
the
op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
m
od
el
is
the
aver
age
pr
ic
e
in
the
past
ye
ar
colle
ct
ed
fr
om
:
The
Dep
artm
ent
of
In
te
rn
al
Trad
e,
the
Of
fice
of
Ag
ricult
ur
al
Econ
om
ic
s,
and
the
pr
ivate
centre
fo
r
fr
uit
and
veg
et
able
m
ark
et
s.
Th
e
data
will
be
pr
epar
ed
in
the
database
bu
t
will
no
t
be
ta
ken
into
accou
nt
at
this
sta
ge
becau
se
the
m
ai
n
pu
rp
os
e
of
this
ste
p
is
to
kn
ow
wh
at
plants
are
su
it
able
fo
r
the
area
of
far
m
ers.
On
ce
the
li
st
of
plants
has
been
ob
ta
ined,
then
tho
se
nam
es
will
be
us
ed
as
decisi
on
var
ia
bles
in
the
nex
t
sta
ge
in the Mu
lt
i
-
Ob
j
ect
ive O
ptim
iz
at
ion
m
od
el
.
It w
il
l be p
resen
te
d
in
fu
ture
wo
rk
.
Plants
f
or
inte
rcroppin
g
data
ha
ve
receive
d
in
f
or
m
at
ion
from
m
any
agen
ci
es
of
the
Mi
nistry
of
Agricult
ure
a
nd
C
ooperat
ive
s
Thail
a
nd
.
Sa
m
ples
sel
ect
ed
from
plants
wer
e
te
ste
d
i
n
r
ubber
plantat
ion
s
in
each
area
of
Thail
and
a
nd
w
hich
are
incl
uded
in
the
publi
cat
ion
.
T
he
ch
oice
of
sm
al
l
par
a
-
rub
ber
fa
r
m
ers
as
su
pple
m
ented
rev
e
nue
at
the
Dep
a
rtm
ent
of
Agricult
ural
E
xtensi
on
Mi
nistry
of
A
gr
ic
ultur
e
a
nd
Co
ope
rati
ves
wh
ic
h
c
onsist
s
of
6
cr
op
ty
pe
s
(
veg
et
a
bles,
he
rb
s
,
f
r
uits,
per
e
nnia
ls,
or
nam
ental
plants,
cr
op
s
)
a
nd
30
it
e
m
s
that
can
h
ar
ve
st
within
1
ye
a
r
[
24
]
.
It
dis
pl
ay
s
plant
in
f
or
m
at
ion
su
c
h
as
crop
ty
pe,
en
vir
on
m
ent
conditi
on
,
plantin
g
ti
m
e
ti
ll
har
vestin
g,
ou
t
pu
t
(kg
pe
r
rai)
,
co
st
(
seed
c
os
t,
s
oil
pr
e
par
at
i
on
c
os
t
an
d
the
c
os
t
of
culti
v
at
ion
e.
g.
m
ai
ntenan
ce
costs)
A
s
sho
wn
in
Fi
gure
4
.
T
he
pr
ic
e
of
the
pro
du
ct
us
es
the
ave
ra
g
e
pri
ce
durin
g
t
he
sea
so
na
l
outp
ut
i
n
the
pre
vious
ye
ar.
Si
nce
e
ach
un
it
do
e
s
no
t
c
ollec
t
the
pr
ic
e
of
a
gr
ic
ultur
al
pro
du
ct
s
of
al
l
kin
ds
it
is
col
le
ct
ed
from
3
orga
nizat
ion
s:
The
De
par
tm
ent
of
I
nter
nal
Trad
e
,
the
O
ffi
ce
of
Agricult
ural
Econom
ic
s,
and
the
pr
ivate
s
ect
or
central
m
ark
et
s
for
fruit
s
and
ve
get
ables.
For
exa
m
ple,
galingale
is
sui
ta
ble
for
r
ubbe
r
pla
ntati
on
s
that
are
le
ss
t
ha
n
7
ye
ars
old.
Planti
ng
ti
m
e
is
ab
ou
t
210
days.
Pr
od
uctio
n
is
2,0
00 kg pe
r
rai,
and c
os
t
of
pla
nting 1
8,0
70 T
HB a
nd m
ai
ntr
a
in cost
1,30
0 THB
per rai et
c.
Figure
4
.
Plant
s for
i
nterc
rop
ping
data
Anothe
r
intere
sti
ng
asp
ect
of O
nt
ology i
s that can u
se inf
er
ence thro
ugh
the r
ules that cr
eat
ed
so
that
the
on
t
ology
that
is
design
e
d
an
d
bu
il
t
al
read
y
exists.
I
t
can
le
arn
ne
w
knowle
dge
al
ways
get
thr
ough
the
ru
le
s
.
The
ru
le
la
ngua
ge
us
ed
with
the
on
tol
o
gy
cal
l
ed
Sem
antic
Web
R
ule
Langua
ge
(SWR
L)
[
25
]
.
A
rec
omm
end
at
ion
r
ule
is
usual
ly
done
us
i
ng
a
ru
le
e
dito
r.
H
oweve
r,
not
easy
to
cre
a
te
bu
lk
ru
le
s
c
reati
on
and ofte
n ha
ve c
om
plica
te
d
procedu
res fo
r
m
anag
i
ng and
up
dating t
he r
ule
update a
nd m
ain
te
na
nce.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Kno
wl
ed
ge a
nd inte
grate
d d
at
a
m
ana
ge
men
t
mod
el
f
or
pers
onalized
...
(
Ko
rn
k
anok
P
hoks
awa
t)
5509
Ther
e
f
or
e,
i
n
this
ste
p
the
ru
le
is
in
the
fo
rm
of
a
Mi
c
ro
s
of
t
E
xcel
sp
rea
dsheet
whic
h
def
i
nes
the
form
at
as
a
decisi
on
ta
ble.
It'
s
e
asy
to
create
a
lot
of
ru
le
s
and
easi
ly
m
od
ify
the
ru
le
base.
More
over
,
it
is
easy
to
us
e
to
check
the
acc
uracy
of
the
r
es
ults
fr
om
the
ru
le
s
create
d.
T
he
res
ults
fr
om
the
ru
le
-
base
can
be
com
par
ed
with
the
res
ults
of
t
he
ex
pe
rts
as
well
by
fi
lt
ering
data
co
ntained
in
the
m
enu
of
MS
Exce
l
.
Creat
ing
a
ta
bl
e
for
the
intr
od
uction
c
rite
ria
is
div
ide
d
into
2
pa
rts:
par
t
1
is
each
pla
nt
an
d
pa
rt
2
is
the
nam
e
of eval
uation c
rite
ria. I
t
will
have the
r
a
nge
va
lues
of
c
rite
ri
a in eac
h
c
rite
r
ia
includ
i
ng:
The
s
pacin
g
c
r
it
eria hav
e
2 ra
ng
e
v
al
ues:
distance > =
3x7m
is “l
arg
e” a
nd
distance <
3x
7m
is “s
m
al
l”
.
Ag
e
c
rite
ria
of
r
ubbe
r
trees
will
be
div
i
de
d
into
5
a
ge
r
ang
e
s.
T
her
e
fore,
the
re
are
5
range
values
,
consi
sti
ng
of "
0",
"
0
-
3", ">
4"
, "0
-
7"
, a
nd "
> 7
".
Water
s
ource
c
rite
ria
for
ag
ricult
ur
e
m
eans
‘Do
fa
rm
ers
hav
e
water
s
our
ces
us
e
d
thr
ou
ghout
the
ye
ar
?
’
The
c
rite
ria wi
ll
b
e set t
o o
nl
y 2 val
ues: "ye
s" and "
no
"
.
So
il
is
su
it
abil
it
y
fo
r
grow
i
ng
each
ty
pe
of
interc
rop
ping.
T
he
po
s
sibl
e
sub
-
c
rite
ria
are
41
diff
e
re
nt
s
oil g
rou
ps
.
Ho
wev
er,
the
nam
e
of
the
crit
eria
m
us
t
be
the
m
erg
e
cel
ls
to
cov
er
the
values
of
al
l
relat
ed
crit
eria.
Fo
r
exam
ple,
galang
al
,
is
reco
m
m
end
ed
to
plant
in
the
gar
den
area
with
a
distance
of
3x
7
m
et
ers
up
and
ru
bb
er
age
fr
om
4 y
ears.
It is b
ecause
the
galang
al
li
kes
su
ns
hin
e
and
has no
need
to w
at
er
al
l
ye
ar r
ou
nd
, j
us
t
eno
ug
h
in
season
al
rainf
al
l.
It
is
su
it
able
fo
r
so
il
gr
ou
p
26
,
26
gm
,
26
B,
26
C,
32
,
34
et
c.
The
x
is
pu
t
in
the v
al
ue
of
the r
ule
crit
eria as sh
ow
n
in Fig
ur
e 5
.
The
plant
f
or
intercr
oppi
ng
use
d
i
n
t
his
stu
dy
ha
s
30
s
pe
ci
es
with
55
4
reco
m
m
end
at
ion
r
ules
a
re
base
d
on
the
distance
betw
een
rows,
the
age
of
rub
be
r
tree
,
a
gr
ic
ultur
al
water
source
,
a
nd
s
oil
gro
up
m
app
in
g.
T
his
reco
m
m
end
at
ion
r
ule
has
pa
ssed
the
r
ule
insp
ect
ion
i
n
th
e
introd
uction
by
ex
per
t
far
m
ers
i
n
rub
ber
pla
ntati
on
s
for
the
ac
cur
acy
of
the
reco
m
m
end
at
ion
resu
lt
s
be
f
or
e
bein
g
us
e
d
in
the
ne
xt
ste
p
of
the r
esea
rc
h.
Figure
5
.
S
how
s
rec
omm
end
at
ion
r
ule
f
or g
al
ang
al
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Re
search
has
pr
ese
nted
the
process
of
kn
ow
le
dg
e
inte
grat
ed
with
dat
a
m
anag
em
ent
to
achieve
knowle
dge
m
od
el
in
g
as
t
he
co
nce
pt
of
i
ntercro
pp
i
ng
i
n
rub
ber
pla
nt
at
ion
s
to
cre
at
e
an
In
te
rcroppin
g
On
t
ology
f
or
a
DSS
a
war
e
r
ul
es
for
rec
omm
end
in
g
t
he
t
ype
an
d
li
st
of
plants
s
uitable
f
or
the
a
rea
of
eac
h
far
m
er.
Using
crit
eria
of
t
he
decisi
on
inclu
ding;
r
ubber
a
ge,
the
sp
aci
ng
bet
ween
r
ows,
so
il
co
ndit
io
n,
a
nd
the
wate
r
resour
ces
use
d
in
agr
ic
ultur
e
.
T
he
integ
rated
da
ta
set
dev
el
oped
was
a
naly
zed
a
nd
gr
oupe
d
dat
a
from
existi
ng
so
urces
of
g
over
nm
ent
and
relat
ed
agen
c
ie
s.
The
knowle
dge
-
base
c
on
ta
in
s
a
knowle
dge
do
m
ai
n
dev
el
o
pm
ent
pr
ocess
us
in
g
ontol
ogy
m
et
ho
d
as
a
know
le
dge
acqu
isi
ti
on
from
the
exp
e
rts
to
fi
nd
the
co
nce
pt,
r
ules,
a
nd
data
relat
ion
s
hips.
Wh
ic
h
is
de
sign
e
d
t
o
ha
ve
a
Tria
ngular
m
e
tho
d
to
va
li
date
the accu
racy a
nd consist
ency
of the
d
at
a.
In
a
ddit
ion,
th
e
resea
r
ch
al
s
o
fou
nd
the
dec
isi
on
c
rite
ria
f
or
i
nterc
rop
ping
f
r
om
[26]
.
It
was
st
ud
ie
d
by
us
in
g
en
vir
on
m
ental
factor
s
co
ns
ist
ing
of
so
il
conditi
ons,
c
os
t,
an
d
re
ve
nue.
It
add
s
up
to
3
m
or
e
factor
s:
1)
distance
be
tween
r
ows
of
rubb
e
r
pla
ntati
on
fa
rm
m
er,
wh
ic
h
af
fects
the
plan
ning
of
rub
ber
plant
at
io
n
because
this
ph
ase
aff
ect
s
s
un
l
igh
t
an
d
dist
urbs
the
gr
ow
t
h
of
the
m
ai
n
crop.
2)
T
he
age
c
rite
ria
of
r
ubbe
r
due
to
dif
fer
e
nt
a
ge
tree
saf
fecti
ng
diff
e
re
nt
sh
a
de
s
in
the r
ub
be
r
pla
ntati
on
s
,
a
nd
3)
wate
r
fac
tor
f
or
ag
ricult
ur
e o
f
each
far
m
er.
This
facto
r
is
directl
y
relat
ed
t
o
diff
e
re
nt
ty
pes
of
plant
s.
F
or
e
xam
pl
e,
grow
i
ng
ba
nan
a
s
i
n
the
rubb
e
r
pla
ntati
on
s
re
quir
es
water
to
be
us
ed
al
l
ye
a
r.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
upla
nd
rice
gro
wing
reli
es
only
on
seaso
nal r
ai
n,
e
tc
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
9
:
5502
-
5511
5510
The
res
ults
of
this
researc
h
proces
s
help
the
researc
he
r
underst
an
d
t
he
c
oncept
a
nd
ru
le
s
f
or
sel
ect
ing
a
su
it
able
plant.
Ca
n
be
us
e
d
to
cre
at
e
the
correct
and
a
ppr
opriat
e
In
te
rc
rop
ping
O
nto
l
og
y
f
or
DSS
to
sug
gest
m
or
e
su
it
able
a
nd
pr
eci
se
plants
for
in
div
i
du
al
far
m
ers'
areas.
The
ne
xt
ste
p
in
the
resea
rc
h
is
t
o
dev
el
op
t
he
I
nt
ercrop
ping
O
nto
lo
gy
by
us
ing
ontolo
gy
e
ditor,
a
databa
se
and
ru
le
to
on
t
ology
m
a
pp
i
ng
process
, a
nd
ev
al
uation.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
Tha
nk
s
are
giv
en
to
the
R
ubbe
r
Au
t
hori
ty
of
Thail
an
d
Nakh
on
Si
Tham
m
arat
Office
,
La
nd
Dev
el
op
m
ent
Re
gional
O
ff
ic
e
11
S
urat
than
i,
Ve
getables
and
F
ru
it
Ce
ntral
Ma
r
ket,
Na
khon
Si
Tham
m
arat
Agricult
ural
O
ff
ic
e
in
form
at
i
ve
an
d
c
oor
din
at
ive
ex
pe
rts
in
rub
ber
pla
ntati
on
for
res
earch
data.
S
pe
ci
al
than
ks
t
o
the
e
xp
e
rts
who
t
ook
ti
m
e
to
be
in
te
rv
ie
we
d,
f
oc
us
gro
up
an
d
vi
sit
the
rub
ber
plantat
io
n
to
inspe
ct
the
resu
lt
s
an
d
validat
ion
.
La
st
bu
t
no
t
le
ast
,
than
k
you
to
Ra
j
am
ang
al
a
Un
i
ver
sit
y
of
Tech
no
l
og
y
Sri
vij
ay
a
Thail
an
d who
sp
ons
or
e
d
t
he r
esearch
sc
ho
la
r
sh
ip
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
O
ffic
e
of
Agri
c
ult
ura
l
Ec
onom
i
cs,
“
Agric
ult
ur
a.
Stat
isti
cs
of
Th
ai
l
and
2015,
”
Offic
e
of
Agric
ul
t
ura
l
E
conomic,
”
Ministr
y
of
A
gri
cul
tur
e
and
Coo
per
atives
Th
aila
nd,
2015
.
[2]
Bank
of Tha
il
an
d,
“
Report on
M
aj
or
Agri
cul
tu
ral Pric
e
Tr
ends
in
Southern
Th
ai
l
a
nd,
”
B
ank
of
Th
ai
l
and, 2016.
[3]
K.
Phoks
awa
t,
M.
Mahm
uddin,
“
Ontolog
y
-
b
ase
d
knowledge
an
d
opti
m
izati
on
m
odel
for
Dec
isi
on
S
upport
S
y
st
em
to
interc
ropp
ing,
”
2016
In
te
rnat
i
onal
Computer
S
ci
en
ce and
Eng
i
nee
ring Con
fe
re
nce
(
ICSEC)
,
pp
.
1
-
6
,
2016
.
[4]
S.
R.
Mous
avi
and
H.
Eskan
dar
i,
“
A
gene
r
a
l
over
vi
ew
on
int
er
cro
pping
a
nd
it
s
adva
nt
ag
es
in
sus
ta
ina
b
l
e
agr
ic
u
lt
ure
,
”
Jou
rnal
of Appl
i
ed Env
ironmenta
l
a
nd
Bi
o
logi
ca
l
S
c
ie
nc
es,
vo
l. 1, pp
.
482
-
486
,
2011
.
[5]
M.
A.
Boudrea
u,
“
Disea
ses
in
int
ercropp
ing
s
y
stems
,
”
Annual
rev
i
e
w
of
phyt
opat
hology
,
vol
.
5
1,
pp.
499
-
519
,
20
13.
[6]
Offic
e
of
the
Nati
ona
l
Ec
ono
m
ic
and
Socia
l
Deve
lopment
B
oar
d,
“
The
11
th
Nati
ona
l
Ec
o
nom
ic
and
Soci
al
Deve
lopment
Pl
an,
”
2016.
[7]
R.
Jingji
t
,
“
Insights
"Smart
Farm
er"
just
a
new
conc
ept.
Or
rei
nven
t
agr
i
cul
t
ure
Tha
i
la
nd
,
”
Tra
de
Poli
c
y
an
d
Strat
eg
e
Offi
ce, M
istr
y
o
f
Com
m
erc
e
Th
ai
l
and, 2
015.
[8]
E.
P.
Purw
andari,
e
t
al.
,
“
Onli
ne
Expe
r
t
S
y
st
e
m
s
for
Bamboo
Ide
nti
f
ic
a
t
ion
Us
ing
Case
Based
Rea
soning,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ri
c
al
&
Co
mputer
Engi
ne
ering
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
vol
.
7
(5)
,
pp
.
2766
-
2772
,
2017.
[9]
J.
K.
Ta
rus,
et
al
.
,
“
Know
le
dge
-
base
d
rec
om
m
e
ndat
ion:
a
rev
iew
of
ontol
og
y
-
ba
sed
rec
o
m
m
ende
r
s
y
st
ems
for
e
-
learni
ng
,
”
Artific
ia
l intelli
g
ence
rev
ie
w
,
vol
.
50
,
pp
.
21
-
48
,
201
8.
[10]
T. B
.
Lee,
et al.
,
“
The
sem
ant
i
c
w
eb,
”
Sc
ie
nt
if
i
c
a
meric
an,
vo
l. 28
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01.
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Slim
ani
,
“
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y
d
eve
lop
m
ent
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compari
ng
stud
y
on
t
oo
ls,
la
nguag
es
and
form
al
ism
s,
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ndian
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en
ce and
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hnology
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[12]
T.
R.
Gruber,
“
A
tra
nslat
ion
appr
oac
h
to
po
rta
b
l
e
ontol
og
y
spec
ifica
t
ions,
”
Knowle
dge
a
c
quisit
ion,
vol.
5,
pp.
199
-
220
,
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[13]
R.
Gunawan,
K.
Mus
tofa
,
“
Finding
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le
dge
fro
m
Indone
sian
Tra
ditional
Me
dic
in
e
us
ing
Sem
ant
ic
W
eb
Rul
e
La
nguag
e,
”
Int
e
rnational
Journal
of
Elec
tric
al
&
Computer
Engi
n
ee
ring
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IJE
C
E)
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[14]
R.
Sultha
na
and
S.
Ramasam
y
,
“
Conte
xt
base
d
c
l
assific
a
ti
on
of
re
vie
ws
using
asso
ci
a
ti
on
rule
m
in
i
ng,
fuz
z
y
logics
and
onto
log
y
,
”
B
ull
etin
o
f
E
lectri
cal
Engi
ne
ering and Inf
orm
ati
cs
(
BE
EI)
,
vol. 6, p
p.
250
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255
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201
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[15]
F.
Antunes,
et
al
.
,
“
Sem
ant
ic
web
and
dec
i
sion
support
sy
stems
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J
ournal
of
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ision
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yste
ms
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79
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93
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2016
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[16]
N.
F.
N
oy
and
D.
L.
McGuinne
ss
,
“
Ontology
de
vel
opm
ent
101:
A
guide
t
o
cre
a
t
ing
y
our
first
on
tol
og
y
,
”
Stanf
or
d
knowl
edg
e
syste
ms
laboratory
te
chni
ca
l
report
KSL
-
01
-
05
and
St
anford
medic
al
i
nformatic
s
te
chn
ic
al
report
SMI
-
2001
-
0880,
Stan
ford,
CA
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2001
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[17]
N.
Kae
wboonm
a,
et
al
.
,
“
Ontol
og
y
d
eve
lopmen
t
for
drought
m
ana
gement
infor
m
at
ion,
”
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
Me
tadat
a
,
S
emanti
cs
and
Ontolo
gie
s,
vo
l. 9, pp.
324
-
332,
2014
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[18]
F.
Yue,
et
a
l.
,
“
A
Dec
ision
Support
S
y
stem
Fram
ework
for
Sch
eme
Design
of
Motor
Sy
st
em
Ene
rg
y
-
Saving
,
”
Information
Sc
ience
and
Control
Engi
ne
ering
(
ICISCE)
,
2015
2nd
Inte
rnat
ional
C
onfe
renc
e
on
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[19]
B.
C.
Jant
ze
n
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et
al
.
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Onto
logy
&
methodol
ogy
,
Sp
ringe
r
,
2015.
[20]
T.
Supni
thi
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Ontolog
y
Bas
ed
Orchi
d
Know
le
dge
Plat
form
f
o
r
Know
le
dge
S
erv
ices
in
Or
chid
Cluste
r
,
”
2011
Annual
S
RII
Glo
bal
Conf
ere
nce
,
2011
,
pp
.
540
-
5
49.
[21]
N.
G.
Fie
ldi
ng
,
“
Tri
angulati
on
and
m
ixe
d
m
et
h
ods
designs:
Da
ta
in
te
gr
at
ion
with
new
rese
ar
c
h
technologies,
”
Journal
of
Mi
xed Me
thods
Re
se
arch,
vol
.
6
,
pp
.
124
-
136,
2012
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[22]
C.
Thierfe
ld
er,
et
a
l.
,
“
A
comp
ara
t
ive
an
aly
sis
of
conse
rva
t
ion
agr
ic
u
lt
ure
s
y
ste
m
s:
Bene
fit
s
an
d
cha
l
le
nges
o
f
rota
ti
ons
and
interc
ropping
in
Zim
babwe
,
”
Fi
e
ld crops
research,
vol.
137
,
pp
.
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-
250,
2012
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[23]
Offic
e
of
Soi
l
Resourc
es
Surve
y
and
R
ese
ar
c
h,
“
Soil
Surve
y
Report
of
Na
khon
Si
Tha
m
m
ara
t
provin
ce,
”
Suratanee
:
Land
Dev
e
lopment Department
,
Min
i
stry
of Agric
ul
tu
re
and
Cooperat
iv
es,
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p
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[24]
Depa
rtment
of
Agric
ult
ur
e
E
xte
nsion,
“
Alt
e
rna
ti
v
es
wa
y
f
or
sm
al
l
par
a
-
r
ubber
fa
rm
ers
as
suppleme
nted
rev
enue,
”
2014
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Kno
wl
ed
ge a
nd inte
grate
d d
at
a
m
ana
ge
men
t
mod
el
f
or
pers
onalized
...
(
Ko
rn
k
anok
P
hoks
awa
t)
5511
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I.
Horrocks,
et
al
.
,
“
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sem
ant
ic
web
rule
la
nguag
e
combining
O
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L
and
Rule
ML,
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subm
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C.
Srisawat
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J.
Pa
y
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,
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par
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MCD
M
Methods
for
Inte
rcr
op
Sele
c
ti
on
in
Ru
bber
Plant
a
ti
os,
”
Journal
of
Infor
mation
and
Com
municat
ion
Tech
nology
,
vol
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20
16.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
As
st.
Pr
of.
Ko
r
nk
ano
k
Phok
sa
w
at
Ph.
D
.
ca
nd
ida
t
e
in
Inform
a
ti
on
T
ec
hnolog
y
at
School
of
Com
puti
ng,
Univer
siti
Utar
a
Malay
si
a
(UU
M)
and
al
so
is
As
sistant
Profess
or
of
Inform
at
ion
S
y
stem,
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Mana
g
ement
Technol
og
y
R
a
ja
m
anga
l
a
Univ
ersity
of
Techno
log
y
Srivij
a
y
a
Nakhon
Si
Tham
m
ara
t
Campus,
Thaila
nd
.
She
has
expe
rt
ise
in
Mana
gement
Inf
orm
at
ion
S
y
stem
and
Know
le
dge
-
Based
S
y
st
em.
She
is
a
r
evi
e
wer
of
Man
agem
ent
Scie
n
ce
Journal,
Suratt
hn
i
Raj
abh
at
Univ
er
sit
y
Th
ai
l
and.
Dr.
Massu
di
Mahmuddin
o
bta
ine
d
his
PhD
in
2008
in
the
areas
of
s
y
stem
engi
n
ee
ring
,
Card
if
f
Univer
sit
y
,
Uni
t
ed
Kingdom
.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
a
se
nior
lectur
er
w
ith
the
Depa
r
tmen
t
of
Com
pute
r
Scie
nc
e,
School
of
Com
puti
ng,
Univer
siti
Utar
a
Malay
s
ia
(UU
M).
During
la
st
18
y
e
ars
of
his
sta
y
at
the
sch
ool
,
his
te
a
chi
n
g,
rese
ar
ch
and
deve
lopment
i
nte
rests
have
b
ee
n
towar
ds
of
te
chn
ic
a
l
and
so
ci
a
l
aspe
ct
of
co
m
puti
ng,
computat
ion
al
int
e
ll
ig
e
nt
and
exp
ert
s
ystem.
Curre
nt
l
y
he
is
Dire
c
tor
of
Student
Affai
rs
UUM.
He
is
al
so
m
ember
for
M
al
a
y
si
an
Statis
ti
c
As
soci
at
ion
,
Inte
rne
t
Socie
t
y
,
cha
irpe
rson
for
P2A
Malay
sian
Chapt
er
(an
association
of
studen
ts
m
obil
it
ie
s
in
AS
EAN
count
rie
s),
and
coor
din
at
or
for
School
-
UUM
Cluste
r
of
exc
e
ll
en
t
unde
r
Ministr
y
of
Educ
a
ti
on.
In
U
UM
,
beside
s
serving
as
exa
m
iner
for
Master
and
P
hD
the
ses,
he
is
al
so
a
Senat
e
m
ember.
He
is
a
lso
reg
ula
rl
y
inv
it
ed
as
an
extern
al
exa
m
ine
r
for
Master
and
Ph.D.
the
ses
from
othe
r
un
ive
rsit
i
es
including
U
nive
rsiti
T
eknologi
Mal
a
y
s
ia
(
UTM),
Univer
s
it
i
K
eba
ngsaa
n
Malay
s
ia
(UK
M),
Univer
siti
Malay
s
ia
Sara
w
ak
(Unim
as),
and
As
ea
n
e
-
Univer
sit
y
(AEU).
He
al
so
rev
ie
w
e
r
for
m
an
y
conf
ere
nc
e
and
jour
nal
including
Th
e
Secur
ity
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Networks,
Neur
al
Com
puti
ng
a
nd
Applicati
on
,
The
In
te
rna
ti
on
a
l
Journal
o
f
Co
m
pute
r
Scie
n
ce
and
Inform
at
io
n
Te
chnol
og
y
for
Edu
ca
t
ion,
Hum
an
Cent
ric
Com
puti
ng
and
Inform
at
ion
Scie
nc
es,
and
M
al
a
y
si
an
Journa
l of Computer
Sci
enc
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.