Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
El
e
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2021
, pp.
50
8
~
517
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v11
i
1
.
pp
508
-
517
508
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Hardw
are bas
ed cr
ypt
ograph
y:
t
echn
ologi
ca
l
advan
ce
s
for
appli
ca
ti
ons in Colomb
ia
usin
g e
m
bedd
ed syst
ems
Edw
ar
Jaci
n
t
o
G
omez
, Ca
t
eri
nne Peril
la
Gut
ie
rrez
, Lina U
ya
s
aba
Murill
o
T
ec
hno
log
y
Fa
c
ult
,
Univer
sid
ad Dis
tri
ta
l
Franc
isco
Jos
é
d
e
Ca
ldas
,
Colom
bia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r 7, 2
020
Re
vised Jul
7,
2020
Accepte
d Aug
5,
2020
To
have
totally
inde
pend
ent
s
y
s
t
ems
tha
t
offe
r
a
suffic
ie
n
t
sec
ur
ity
sche
m
e
has
bec
om
e
a
ne
ce
ss
ity
in
Colo
m
bia
,
thi
s
becau
se
of
the
proli
fer
at
ion
of
IoT
t
y
p
e
s
y
st
ems
and
sim
il
ar;
In
gene
ra
l,
it
is
re
quire
d
to
m
ake
stand
-
al
o
n
e
s
y
stems
tot
a
lly
i
ndepe
nden
t
an
d
distri
bute
d
to
of
fer
users
a
solu
t
ion
to
th
is
nee
d,
t
his
work
offe
rs
the
anal
y
s
is
and
compari
son
of
two
sec
urity
sch
emes
t
y
p
e
digi
t
al
sig
nat
ure
and
/or
h
ard
ware
sec
ur
ity
m
odule
(
HSM
)
and
it
s
var
iations,
m
ad
e
on
embedde
d
pla
tforms
t
y
p
e
m
ic
roc
ontroller
soft
ware
,
which
show
s
the
strat
eg
y
to
prov
ide
informati
on
prote
c
ti
on,
In
ad
dit
ion,
it
is
ana
l
y
z
ed
how
e
ac
h
implement
a
ti
on
was
execut
ed,
in
whi
ch
d
evi
c
es
and
m
et
ric
s
of
in
te
r
est,
in
th
e
first
appl
i
ca
t
ion
th
e
cr
y
p
togra
ph
y
s
c
hemes
were
m
ade
using
a
dee
p
progra
m
m
i
ng
tha
t
desc
r
ib
es
the
al
gori
th
m
s
in
C+
+
la
nguag
e
and
in
the
sec
ond
imple
m
ent
at
ion
the
us
e
of
the
dedi
cate
d
har
dware
tha
t
the
embed
ded
pl
at
form
t
ype
m
ic
roc
on
troller
h
ad
is
d
et
a
iled;
In
both
ca
ses,
soluti
ons
with
an
acce
pt
a
ble
throughput
were
gene
r
at
ed
,
al
lo
wing
to
obta
in
compara
ble
soluti
ons
an
d
the
sam
e
sty
l
e
as
those
m
ade
in
a
PC
or
sim
il
ar
har
dwar
e.
On
the
othe
r
hand,
an
exha
us
ti
ve
r
evi
ew
of
t
his
t
y
p
e
of
soluti
ons
in
th
e
count
r
y
-
reg
ion
was
m
ade
,
in
or
der
to
hav
e
a
ref
ere
nc
e
as
to
the
poss
ible
use
of
thi
s
t
y
pe
of ap
pli
c
at
ions.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Digital
sig
natu
re
Em
bed
ded cry
ptogra
phy
HS
M
Mi
cro
co
ntr
oller
Stand
-
al
one
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ca
te
rinn
e
Peril
la
G
utiér
rez,
Tech
no
l
og
y
Fa
cult,
Un
i
ver
si
dad D
i
strit
al
Fr
ancisc
o
J
os
e
de
Ca
l
da
s,
Cl
. 68d Bi
s A
Su
r
#4
9F
-
70,
Bogotá,
D.
C,
1119
21, C
olo
m
bia
.
Em
a
il
:
j
cper
il
la
g@
c
orre
o.ud
i
strit
al
.ed
u.co
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
way
to
e
nc
rypt
data
has
evo
l
ved
due
t
o
the
gr
eat
te
c
hnol
og
ic
al
boom
and
the
var
i
ou
s
ways
to
exch
a
nge
in
for
m
at
ion
that
w
e
ha
ve
to
day,
us
ua
ll
y
the
op
erati
on
of
the
infr
a
struct
ur
e
t
hat
exists
to
e
ns
ure
the
authe
ntici
ty
,
integrity
an
d
co
nfi
de
ntial
i
ty
of
i
nfo
rm
ati
on
[
1]
has
be
e
n
facil
it
at
ed
due
to
the
de
vel
op
m
ent
of
a
ppli
cat
ions
create
d
by
so
ft
war
e
.
To
da
y,
with
the
grow
t
h
of
in
de
pende
nt
de
vi
ce
featur
e
s
suc
h
as
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
rs,
de
velo
pm
e
nt
car
ds
,
FP
G
As
[2,
3]
or
a
ny
dev
ic
e
with
Linux
em
bedd
ed,
c
rypt
ography
ta
sk
s
can
be
dece
ntr
al
iz
ed
an
d
t
herefo
re
pro
vid
e
secur
it
y
to
a
ny
re
qu
ire
d
i
nform
at
ion
with
out
the
use
of
P
C
-
ty
pe
dev
ic
es
,
sm
art
phones
or
sim
il
ar.
This
points
to
the
buil
t
-
in
sec
ur
it
y
us
in
g
lo
w
cost
an
d
l
ow
powe
r
consum
ption
de
vices,
w
hich
are
pro
gr
am
m
ed
i
n
dif
fer
e
nt
la
ng
ua
ges
a
nd
pro
gr
am
m
ing
le
vels
[
4,
5],
wh
ic
h
al
low
to
deci
de
if
the
al
gorithm
can
be
pe
rfor
m
ed
in
s
oft
war
e
or
ha
rdwar
e
,
w
he
n
cr
yptogra
ph
y
re
qu
i
re
s
si
m
ple
bu
t
m
a
ssive
tra
ns
f
orm
at
ion
s,
this
de
ci
sion
is
c
onve
nient
to
a
naly
ze
du
e
to
the
i
ncr
easi
n
g
dem
and
of
us
in
g
el
ect
r
onic
m
eans w
he
re
infor
m
at
ion
is
exch
a
nged
[6].
Ov
e
r
ti
m
e,
hardw
a
re
s
ecu
rity
m
od
ules,
w
hi
ch
a
re
c
rypto
grap
hic
hard
wa
re
dev
ic
es
[
7],
ha
ve
bee
n
dev
el
op
e
d.
Th
ey
are
descr
i
be
d
as
a
ha
rdware
and
s
of
t
war
e
com
po
ne
nt
th
at
is
us
ually
add
ed
t
o
a
PC
or
serve
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ha
r
dw
ar
e
bas
ed
cry
ptogr
aphy
:
te
ch
nolo
gical adv
an
ce
s fo
r app
li
c
ation
s
in
.
..
(
E
dwa
r
Jac
into
Gomez)
509
and
pro
vid
e
s
the
le
ast
am
ou
nt
of
cry
ptogr
aph
ic
w
ork
in
vo
l
ving
e
ncr
y
ption
an
d
decry
ption
.
I
n
Col
om
bia,
the
re
gula
ti
on
s
est
ablishe
d
by
the
s
uperint
end
e
nce
of
fin
ance
[8
]
f
or
ha
rdwar
e
-
based
inf
orm
ation
s
ecur
it
y
include
t
he
re
qu
i
rem
ent
i
m
p
os
e
d
in
num
e
ral
8.2.1.
29,
wh
ic
h
re
qu
ir
e
s
the
i
m
ple
m
entat
ion
of
ha
rdwar
e
crypto
gr
a
phic
dev
ic
es
with
s
tro
ng
enc
rypti
on
al
gorithm
s,
pro
vid
e
d
that
there
is
s
ome
exc
ha
ng
e
of
data
betwee
n
cl
ie
nts
and
se
rv
ic
e
prov
i
der
s
by
any
com
pu
te
r
m
ediu
m
or
the
In
te
rn
et
.
Desp
it
e
the
fa
ct
that
the
us
e
of
el
ect
ronic
com
m
erce
in
the
c
ountr
y
has
not
reach
ed
a
high
le
vel
of
im
ple
m
entat
ion
,
with
La
w
527,
Ar
ti
cl
e
2(
c
),
the
de
finiti
on
of
dig
it
al
sign
at
ures
is
on
e
of
the
m
os
t
widely
us
e
d
ap
plica
ti
on
s
a
t
the
crypto
gr
a
phic
le
vel
[9
]
,
bi
om
e
tric
data,
pass
words
or
pri
vate
crypto
gr
aph
ic
keys
are
par
t
of
the
def
i
niti
on
of
el
ect
r
on
ic
si
gn
at
ur
es
fou
nd
in
Decr
ee
1074
of
20
15
[10],
as
long
as
th
ese
keys
are
re
li
able,
and
t
hro
ug
h
te
chnolo
gical
neu
t
rali
ty
these
ad
vances
ha
ve
the
sam
e
va
li
dity
as
an
a
ut
ogra
ph
sig
natu
re.
As
a
re
su
lt
,
it
was
decide
d
t
o
im
pro
ve
cry
ptogr
aph
ic
ap
plica
ti
on
s
in
or
der
t
o
opti
m
iz
e
proc
esses
a
nd
stre
ng
t
hen
da
ta
se
cur
it
y,
since
li
tt
le
is
kn
ow
n
ab
out
th
e
Colom
bian
work
on
im
ple
m
enting
ha
r
dware
keys
or
se
cur
it
y
m
od
ules
base
d
o
n
t
he
hight
a
lgorit
hm
,
wh
ic
h
at
a
low
c
ost
and
wit
h
lo
w
ene
rg
y
c
on
s
um
ption
m
ee
t
the
requirem
ents
f
or
inf
or
m
at
ion
pr
otect
ion
.
In
the
c
ount
r
y,
the
e
xisti
ng
te
c
hnologic
al
inf
rastr
uctu
res
of
sec
ur
it
y
are
reall
y
incom
plete
,
in
add
it
io
n
th
e
i
m
ple
m
entation
is
m
a
de
t
hanks
to
s
of
t
war
e
a
nd
hard
war
e
m
os
tl
y
f
or
ei
gn
a
nd
with
few
sta
nd
a
rds
f
or
t
he
in
form
at
ion
bo
t
h
f
or
t
he
gove
rn
m
ent
an
d
f
or
t
he
ci
ti
zens;
ad
diti
on
al
the
fe
w
poli
ci
es
for
the
ef
fecti
ve
protect
io
n
of
da
ta
bases
m
akes
the
natio
nal
s
ecur
it
y
to
be
a
t
risk.
Co
n
si
de
rin
g
the
a
bove
,
it
is
evide
nt
that
the
country
does
no
t
ha
ve
en
ough
dev
el
op
m
ents
of
c
om
plete
crypto
gr
a
ph
i
c
app
li
cat
ion
s
and
that
i
m
ple
m
entat
io
ns
are
base
d
on
c
om
plex
cod
e
s
and
no
t
ver
y
ne
w
te
ch
niques
that
m
ake
it
un
neces
sary
for
com
pan
ie
s
to
us
e
them
.
This
is
wh
y
ha
rdwar
e
-
ba
sed
c
r
yptogra
ph
y
wi
ll
be
pr
ese
nte
d
as
a
te
ch
no
l
og
ic
al
adv
a
nce
i
n
the
interact
io
n
between
the
m
ai
n
m
eans
of
c
on
necti
on
an
d
c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
i
n
Col
om
bian
s
ociet
y,
creati
ng
a
wa
re
ness
of
t
he
use
of
t
his
te
ch
nolog
y
to
res
olv
e
the
le
vel
of
s
e
cur
it
y,
aut
hent
ic
ity
and
r
el
ia
bili
ty
su
pp
or
t ac
hiev
ed
in
Col
om
bi
a, which
r
eac
he
s 74% at t
he b
us
iness
level
[
11
]
.
In
this
do
c
um
ent
we
c
om
par
e
two
m
et
ho
ds
i
m
ple
m
ented
by
Col
om
bian
stu
den
ts
w
here
integ
rated
syst
e
m
s
[12,
13]
su
c
h
as
MB
ED
a
nd
P
SO
C
are
us
e
d
due
t
o
t
heir
st
ru
ct
ure,
w
hic
h
facil
itate
s
pro
gr
am
m
ing
i
n
C+
+
cod
e,
c
ost
and
preci
sio
n;
In
ad
diti
on
to
the
fact
that
t
hese
de
vices
ha
ve
sp
eci
fic
c
ha
racteri
sti
cs
in
te
r
m
s
of
respo
ns
e
ti
m
e
and
de
velo
pm
ent,
there
a
re
relat
ed
m
eth
od
ologies
an
d
the
im
ple
m
e
ntati
on
of
e
ncry
ption,
on
e m
or
e c
ompou
nd
t
han
t
he
o
the
r,
em
ph
asi
zi
ng
the
m
os
t feasible
w
ay
to e
ncr
y
pt a k
ey
[14,
15]
and the
m
os
t
pr
act
ic
al
proce
dure
t
o
do
it
,
ei
ther
th
r
ough
a
Hi
gh
t
al
gorithm
or
t
hroug
h
a
32
-
bit
syst
e
m
[1
6]
with
a
has
h
al
gorithm
,
this
because
it
se
eks
good
pe
rform
ance
and
acc
ur
acy
in
the
ge
ner
at
io
n
of
str
ong
e
ncr
ypti
on
cod
e
s
.
The
de
vices
ha
ve
pro
gr
am
m
able
use
r
i
nter
faces
that
ha
ve
al
lowe
d
pro
gr
ess
in
the
e
nc
ryptio
n
te
ch
ni
qu
e
by
reducin
g
c
od
e
creati
on
a
nd
al
gorithm
colle
ction
,
as
t
hese
de
vices
ha
ve
a
da
pted
ce
rtai
n
f
eat
ur
es
that
si
m
pl
ify
this
act
ivit
y.
T
his
m
anu
script
sh
ows
pr
oj
ect
s
in
Colom
bia
that
con
se
quen
tl
y
con
tribu
te
i
n
an
aca
dem
ic
way
with im
ple
m
en
ta
ti
on
s of this t
ype, b
a
sed o
n
the li
tt
le
p
roject
ion
that t
his ty
pe
of tec
hn
ology has i
n
the c
ountr
y
and
t
hat
as
a
r
esult
looks
f
or
the
way
to
be
able
to
inc
orp
or
at
e
te
ch
nolo
gy
that
suppo
r
ts
these
nee
ds
and
at
the sam
e tim
e are
new
e
r
te
c
hniq
ues for
fu
t
ure
dev
el
op
m
ents.
2.
P
RELIM
IN
A
RY CON
CEP
TS
In
rece
nt
ye
ars
the
nee
d
has
a
risen
t
o
create
sta
nd
-
al
one
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
us
in
g
de
vices
a
nd
m
echan
ism
s
that
al
low
the
execu
ti
on
of
al
gorithm
s
and
crypto
gr
a
phic
app
li
cat
io
ns
with
acce
pta
ble
pe
rfor
m
ance,
lo
w
cost
and
po
wer
co
nsum
ption
,
us
in
g
the
m
ini
m
u
m
po
ssible
m
e
m
or
y,
the
proc
edure
of
enc
ry
ption
does
not
chang
e
as s
ho
wn in Fi
gure
1, w
hich
s
eeks t
o op
ti
m
ize
the
process
a
nd m
ake it
m
or
e reli
able.
The
pr
oj
ect
s
of this ty
pe
are limi
te
d
and
m
akes d
eepe
n
the a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
of ligh
t crypt
ogra
phy ap
plied
to
in
form
at
ion
secu
rity
pro
ble
m
s,
in
the
fir
st
instance
wa
s
m
ade
a
hard
wa
re
key
a
ppli
cat
ion
that
use
s
a
s
a
basis
the
hight
al
gorithm
wh
ic
h
is
on
e
of
the
li
gh
t
weig
h
al
gorithm
s
with
bette
r
perform
ance,
al
l
this
was
done
i
n
a
m
i
cro
c
ontrolle
r
in
sta
nda
rd
C
++
co
de,
wh
i
ch
is
easi
ly
portable
t
o
a
ny
de
vice
of
si
m
il
ar
char
act
e
risti
cs
an
d
t
hat
s
uppo
rts
this
pr
ogra
m
m
ing
la
ngua
ge
a
nd
t
hus
is
able
to
m
ake
a
total
ly
ind
epe
nd
e
nt
sta
nd
-
al
one
a
ppli
cat
ion
that
ha
s
the
abili
ty
t
o
pe
rfo
rm
cryptographic
f
unc
ti
on
s
a
nd
t
hen
i
m
ple
m
ent
an
HS
M
that m
eet
s
the n
eed
s
of
em
bed
de
d
a
ppli
cat
ion
s t
od
ay
.
First
of
al
l,
it
is
necessary
to
work
with
pri
vate
key
crypt
ogra
ph
y
al
gori
thm
s,
su
ch
as
the
Dif
fie
-
Hellm
an
al
gorithm
[1
7
],
w
hic
h
al
lows
tw
o
pa
rtie
s
who
know
each
ot
he
r
t
o
jointl
y
est
abl
ish
a
s
har
e
d
se
cret
key
on
a
n
ins
ecur
e
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
cha
nn
e
l.
Since
the
m
odular
op
e
rati
on
s
require
d
i
n
key
exc
ha
nge
are
a
chall
eng
e
f
or
m
achines
with
low
m
e
m
or
y,
an
al
gorith
m
app
ly
ing
F
erm
at'
s
theor
e
m
was
dev
el
oped
to
reduce
the
am
ount
of
operati
on
s
re
qu
ire
d
w
hen
perf
or
m
ing
operati
ons
w
it
h
m
od
ula
r
ari
thm
e
ti
c.
A
so
luti
on
was
al
so
im
pl
e
m
ented
to
ge
ner
at
e
ps
e
udo
-
rand
om
nu
m
ber
seq
uen
ce
s,
us
in
g
a
si
m
ple
li
near
feedbac
k
sh
ift
reg
ist
er
(LFS
R
),
to
point
to
a
n
arr
ay
of
cel
ls,
w
hich
are
giv
en
a
no
n
-
li
ne
ar
operati
on
by
the
XO
R
op
erati
on
,
to calc
ulate
the
seed
w
it
h w
hi
ch
eac
h of t
he key
s, b
oth
pr
i
va
te
an
d p
ubli
c,
is ge
ner
at
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol. 11,
No.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021 :
50
8
-
51
7
510
Fig
ure
1
.
Crypt
ogra
ph
ic
proce
ss
The
sup
port
platfo
rm
s
that
wer
e
ta
ke
n
into
co
ns
i
der
at
ion
f
or
t
he
pro
j
ect
i
m
ple
m
entat
ion
a
nd
the
i
m
ple
m
entat
ion
of
the
hig
ht
al
gorit
hm
had
to
fu
ll
y
co
m
ply
with
the
f
ollow
i
ng
c
har
act
erist
ic
s:
arch
it
ect
ure,
pri
ce,
pro
gr
am
m
ing
la
ngua
ge,
m
e
m
or
y,
de
vice
sp
ee
d
a
nd
ea
se
of
ac
qu
isi
ti
on
as
the
Mi
cr
ochi
p
PI
C1
6F
/P
IC18
F/PIC2
4F
J/P
I
C32
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
ers
t
h
at
are
the
m
os
t
us
ed
in
the
c
ount
ry
for
it
s
easy
acce
ss
[1
8
]
;
the
m
ult
i
process
or
PRO
PELLER
whos
e
arch
it
ect
ure
is
base
d
on
ei
ght
process
ors
of
32
bits
eac
h
an
d
sh
are
both
outpu
t
a
nd
res
our
ce
pin
s
[1
9
]
;
the
platfo
rm
of
Texas
I
ns
tr
um
ents
that
has
a
fam
ily
of
s
tro
ng
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
rs
with
res
pe
ct
to
ha
nd
li
ng
an
d
powe
r
consum
ption
(MSP
430)
a
nd
al
s
o
has
unde
r
it
s
po
s
sessio
n
t
he
ARM
c
or
e
li
cense;
Cy
press
Sem
ic
on
du
ct
or
s
c
om
pan
y
that
has
the
a
bili
ty
to
hav
e
reconfi
gura
ble
analo
g
a
nd
digi
ta
l
blo
cks
ide
a
l
fo
r
w
orkin
g
w
it
h
m
ixed
sig
nals
an
d
fi
nally
Fr
ee
Scal
e
th
at
has
the
pro
gram
m
i
ng
prot
oco
l
ty
pe
S
DA
w
hich
al
lows
it
to
be
detect
ed
as
a
m
ass
storag
e
dev
ic
e.
This
la
st
on
e
was
t
he
final
c
ho
ic
e,
the
FR
DM
-
KL25
2Z
dev
ic
e
that
due
to
t
he
c
os
t/
m
e
m
or
y/
sp
eed
r
at
io
is
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
f
or
m
ini
m
alist
app
li
cat
ion
s,
it
work
s
with
C/
C+
+
la
nguag
e
w
hi
ch
al
lows
m
igrati
ng
it
s
co
de
to
oth
e
r
platf
or
m
s
in
an
easy
way a
nd als
o
the
prog
ram
m
ing
of t
his d
e
vice is
fr
ee
and
op
e
n so
urce [
1
8
].
The
di
gital
sign
at
ur
e
al
lo
w
s
to
ve
rify
th
e
ver
aci
ty
an
d
aut
hen
t
ic
it
y
of
the
or
i
gi
n
of
certai
n
inf
or
m
at
ion
[
1
6
]
,
us
es
a
com
bin
at
io
n
of
pu
blic
key
al
gorithm
s,
al
on
g
wi
th
asy
m
m
et
ric
al
gorithm
s,
to
ens
ur
e
the
ve
racit
y
of
the
keys,
c
urre
ntly
is
on
e
of
the
m
os
t
us
e
d
in
form
at
i
on
enc
ryptio
n
process
,
al
on
g
with
the
m
et
ho
ds
m
e
ntion
e
d
a
bove
,
us
es
the
be
ne
fits
of
crypt
ogr
aph
ic
functi
on
s
Has
h,
as
they
are
al
gorit
hm
s
that
trans
form
any
arb
it
rar
y
bl
oc
k
of
data
into
a
new
series
of
cha
racters
with
a
fixed
le
ng
th,
with
un
i
que
char
act
e
risti
cs
that
identify
th
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
to
w
hich
it
w
as
m
ade
the
dig
e
s
t.
It
is
us
ed
t
o
ens
ur
e
data
integrity
and
a
uth
e
ntici
ty
,
wh
il
e
storing
an
d
authe
ntica
ti
ng
the
SHA
-
256
al
gorith
m
[
20
],
w
hich
is
co
m
bin
ed
wit
h
the RS
A
asy
m
m
et
ric encr
ypti
on alg
or
it
hm
to
si
gn and
validat
e the
data.
3.
IMPLEME
N
TATION
METHOD
S
It d
esc
ribes
ste
p by ste
p h
ow
each im
ple
m
entat
ion
w
a
s
done
on th
e
d
e
vice
s:
3.1.
Me
thod
A:
H
ardware
securi
ty m
od
u
le
(
HS
M) o
n
mi
crocontr
oller
based
on th
e high
t alg
orit
hm
Fo
r
the
desig
n
of
t
he
sec
ur
it
y
m
od
ule,
init
ia
lly
a
stud
y
of
t
he
blo
c
ks
th
at
com
po
se
it
was
carried
out
,
since
the
hight
al
gorithm
is
a
blo
c
k
ci
ph
e
r
al
gorithm
[2
1]
,
f
or
this
re
aso
n,
it
is
necessa
ry
that
both
pa
rtie
s
know
the
m
ain
key
t
o
achi
eve
the
e
ncr
y
ption
a
nd
dec
ry
ptio
n
proc
es
s.
Gi
ven
t
hat
an
H
SM
ke
y
has
the
obj
ect
ive
of
gu
a
ra
nteei
ng
the
sec
ur
it
y
of
in
f
or
m
at
ion
,
it
will
hav
e
to
ens
ure
the
knowle
dge
of
pri
vate
keys,
us
in
g
a
ppli
ed
m
at
he
m
a
ti
cal
pr
ope
rtie
s
that
m
ake
it
dif
ficult
to
br
eak
the
sec
ur
i
ty
schem
e
or
m
ake
th
e
ta
sk
s
nece
ssary
to
vio
la
te
the
inf
orm
ation
c
om
pu
ta
ti
on
al
ly
im
po
ssible,
the
us
e
of
the
Dif
fie
-
He
llm
an
al
gorithm
,
m
ee
ts t
he
re
quirem
ents to
so
l
ve
th
e pro
blem
o
f
pri
vate
key prot
ect
ion
in
the
p
a
rtie
s involv
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ha
r
dw
ar
e
bas
ed
cry
ptogr
aphy
:
te
ch
nolo
gical adv
an
ce
s fo
r app
li
c
ation
s
in
.
..
(
E
dwa
r
Jac
into
Gomez)
511
Fo
r
the
im
plem
entat
ion
pha
se
the
pro
j
ect
was
de
vel
oped
as
f
ollo
ws
F
i
gure
2:
c
ho
ic
e
of
ha
r
dw
a
re
dev
ic
e,
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
hight
enc
rypti
on
al
gorithm
,
i
m
ple
m
entat
i
on
of
hight
decr
y
ption
al
gorithm
,
creati
on
of
hi
gh
t
al
gorithm
te
st
interface,
sta
nd
a
rd
vecto
r
te
sti
ng
with
hig
ht
al
gorith
m
,
m
easur
e
m
e
nt
of
m
et
rics
on
the
two
sel
ect
ed
hight
al
gorith
m
M
BED
de
vi
ces,
im
ple
m
e
ntati
on
of
al
gorithm
s
fo
r
sec
ur
e
key
exch
a
nge
for
encr
y
ption
/
dec
ryptio
n,
c
reati
on
of
te
st
inte
rf
ace
of
the
e
xch
a
nge
al
go
rithm
,
te
sti
ng
of
key
exch
a
nge
al
go
rithm
,
in
te
gr
at
ion
of
e
xc
hang
e
al
go
rithm
and
hi
gh
t
al
gorit
hm
,
creati
on
of
HS
M
e
nd
int
erf
ace,
and m
easur
em
ent of e
nd
dev
i
ce m
e
tric
s
[18]
.
Figure
2
.
Flo
w
char
t
for
im
plem
entat
ion
Fo
r
the
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
the
al
gorithm
i
n
C+
+
cod
e,
this
was
done
in
a
sta
nd
ar
d
way,
so
it
s
m
igrati
on
t
o
ot
her
de
vices
did
no
t
re
qu
i
re
e
xecu
ti
ng
bi
g
c
hanges
in
t
he
pro
gr
am
m
ing
,
two
MB
E
D
de
vices
wer
e
us
e
d:
F
RDM
-
K
L2
5Z
an
d
N
UCL
EO
-
F44
6RE
t
akin
g
int
o
ac
count
s
pecific
at
ion
s,
m
at
hem
at
ic
a
l
op
e
rati
ons
a
nd
the
c
har
act
eri
sti
cs
of
t
he
hardw
a
re
de
vice
us
e
d,
t
he
e
ncry
ption
a
nd
dec
ryptio
n
proces
s
we
re
the
m
a
in
blo
c
ks
.
Fi
gure
3
s
hows
the
ci
pher
schem
e
of
the
High
al
go
rithm
.
Starti
ng
with
the
plai
n
te
xt
(64
bits)
a
nd
th
e
key
(
128
bits
),
th
e
Key Sche
du
le
fun
ct
io
n
is
in
ch
ar
ge
of
g
ene
rati
ng
the
W
hiteni
ng
Ke
y
use
d
in
the
init
ia
l
a
nd
final
tran
sf
or
m
at
ion
[19].
Then
t
he
init
ia
l
transfor
m
at
i
on
is
pe
r
form
e
d,
usi
ng
the
fi
rst
4
Wh
it
eni
ng
Ke
ys
gen
e
rated
previ
ou
sly
a
nd
perform
ing
X
OR
operati
on
s
and
m
od
ular
add
it
io
n
with
the
pla
i
n
te
xt.
The
la
st
ste
p
of
the
e
ncr
y
ption
p
r
ocess
i
s
the
final
tra
nsfo
rm
at
ion
,
this
functi
on
us
e
s
the
la
te
st
Wh
it
enin
g
Key,
an
d
the
8
-
byte
te
xt
ge
ne
rated
a
nd
perf
orm
s
XO
R
and
m
o
du
la
r
ad
dicti
on
op
e
rati
ons
easi
ly
i
m
ple
m
e
nted
in
C
la
nguag
e
,
the
resu
lt
of
this
proces
s
is
a
64
-
bit
(
8
byt
es)
te
xt
cal
le
d
ci
ph
e
r
te
xt.
Wh
il
e
for
the
de
crypti
on
blo
c
k,
t
he follo
wing
was d
on
e
:
a.
The Key
Sc
he
du
le
proces
s is
perform
ed
exa
ct
ly
as in
the e
ncr
y
ptio
n p
ro
c
ess.
b.
The
final
tra
nsfo
rm
at
ion
is
app
li
ed
first
a
nd
finall
y
the
init
ia
l
transfo
rm
ation
,
a
fter
the
32
rou
nds
the init
ia
l o
ne
i
s appli
ed.
c.
In
t
he
opposit
e
directi
on,
t
he
XO
R
operati
on
is
kep
t
the
sa
m
e,
al
tho
ug
h
t
he
m
od
ular
ad
diti
on
is
c
ha
nged
by m
od
ul
ar
subtracti
on, i
n
C
la
nguag
e
it
is only
ch
a
ng
i
ng t
he
+
sig
n by
-
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol. 11,
No.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021 :
50
8
-
51
7
512
Figure
3
.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram
s o
f
t
he
ci
phe
r
Fo
r
t
he
grap
hi
c
dev
el
op
m
ent,
an
inter
face
betwee
n
the
ha
rdwar
e
de
vice
and
the
PC
thr
ough
w
hich
the
us
e
r
e
nters
the
plain
te
xt
and
the
sec
ret
key,
the
pro
gra
m
create
d
in
Matla
b
se
nd
s
the
data
to
t
he
MB
ED
dev
ic
e
t
o
ca
rr
y
out
the
enc
ryp
ti
on
process
an
d
this
retu
r
ns
t
he
e
ncr
y
pted
t
ext
to
t
he
i
nter
face.
T
he
inter
face
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
4.
T
he
te
sts
carri
ed
out
c
onsist
ed
in
ta
ki
ng
4
vect
or
s
,
ea
ch
on
e
with
a
64
-
bit
plain
te
xt
an
d
a
128
-
bit
key
,
and
the
resu
lt
of
e
nc
ryptin
g
the
pro
pose
d
vecto
rs
wit
h
the
e
ncr
ypti
on
i
m
ple
m
ented
in
this
pro
j
ect
th
rou
gh
the
inter
face
create
d
was
ev
ident.
Als
o
at
t
he
ti
m
e
of
te
s
ti
ng
the
Dif
fie
-
Hellm
an
al
gori
thm
it
was
decide
d
to
ta
ke
the
nu
m
ber
2
as
the
generator
num
ber
because
the
cal
culat
ion
of
po
wer
s
with
this
base
i
s
facil
it
at
ed
in C
++ p
rogr
am
m
i
ng, lim
it
ing
it
to
a
bit s
hift to
the left a
nd a st
and
a
r
d pr
im
e n
um
ber
[
22
]
.
Figure
4
.
G
raphical
inter
face
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ha
r
dw
ar
e
bas
ed
cry
ptogr
aphy
:
te
ch
nolo
gical adv
an
ce
s fo
r app
li
c
ation
s
in
.
..
(
E
dwa
r
Jac
into
Gomez)
513
3.2.
Me
thod
B
:
A
digi
ta
l si
gnat
ur
e in
an
embedde
d
32
-
bit s
ys
tem
The
sec
uri
ty
schem
e
of
the
di
gital
sign
at
ur
e
is
show
n
i
n
F
i
gure
5,
w
her
e
to
gen
e
rate
it
a
plain
te
xt
i
s
receive
d,
the
n
the
Has
h
al
gor
it
h
m
is
us
ed
to
m
ake
the
su
m
m
ary
of
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
,
an
d
then
RS
A
is
use
d
to
com
plete
the
pr
oces
s
of
sig
ni
ng
the
in
form
a
ti
on
,
w
he
n
this
pr
oce
ss
is
com
ple
te
d
the
si
gn
at
ur
e
is
decry
pted
i
n
the
sam
e
way
us
in
g
the
RS
A
public
key
[23],
a
com
par
iso
n
of
the
store
d
m
essage
and
th
e
su
m
m
ary
of
the
dec
rypte
d
m
es
sage
is
m
ade,
i
f
the
ha
sh
values
coi
nc
ide
the
valid
at
ion
ca
n
be
con
cl
ud
e
d,
ot
he
rw
is
e
the m
essage ca
nnot
be
a
uth
e
nt
ic
at
ed.
Figure
5
.
Bl
oc
k diag
ram
f
or
t
he digit
al
sig
na
ture
To
cal
c
ulate
th
e SHA
-
256 c
om
pr
ession func
ti
on
, t
he
cal
c
ulati
on
is
div
i
de
d
in
tw
o:
a.
Pr
e
-
proces
sin
g
of
or
i
gin
al
m
essages:
Inv
olv
es
m
essage
stuff
in
g
an
d
m
essage
scal
ing
for
r
ound
cal
culat
ion
. S
t
uffin
g
m
eans ad
di
ng
bits acc
ordi
ng
to som
e ru
le
s unti
l t
he
total
leng
th is a
512
-
bit i
ntege
r
.
The
n
e
ver
y
512
-
bit wil
l be
expan
de
d
to
64
*32 bit
s
for SH
A
-
256 r
ound c
om
pu
ti
ng
.
b.
The
n,
a
dig
es
t
is
do
ne
us
in
g
the
de
dicat
ed
hard
war
e
w
it
hin
the
e
m
bed
de
d
platf
orm
,
in
this
cas
e
the S
HA
-
2 w
hi
ch
is a
hard
ware m
od
ule w
it
hi
n
the a
rc
hitec
ture o
f
the
PS
O
C
-
6
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller, all
this is
done
i
n
a
cl
ie
nt
-
se
rv
e
r
a
rch
i
te
ct
ur
e,
besi
de
s
the
hard
war
e
de
dicat
ed
t
o
c
rypto
gr
a
phic
ta
sk
s
t
his
dev
ic
e
has
two
c
or
es
a
Cortex
M0
a
nd
a
M4,
with
the
po
s
sibil
it
y
of
ge
ne
rati
ng
i
nd
e
pe
nd
e
nt
pr
ocessin
g
th
rea
ds
.
The
Cy
pr
e
ss
ID
E
al
lo
ws
the
us
e
of
sp
eci
al
iz
ed
crypto
gr
a
phy
li
br
aries,
for
this
app
li
cat
ion
the
"cy
_cr
y
pto.h"
a
nd
"cy
_c
rypto
_s
e
rv
e
r.h
"
wer
e
us
e
d,
wh
ic
h
al
low
t
o
insta
ntiat
e
t
he
Ha
sh
us
in
g
the d
e
dicat
ed
hard
war
e
.
c.
The
n
the
sig
na
ture
process
is
com
plete
d,
ge
ner
at
in
g
the
ke
ys
with
the
RS
A
al
gorithm
un
de
r
the
PK
C
S
sta
nd
a
rd
since
it
can
ba
sic
al
ly
be
div
i
ded
int
o
4
par
ts:
key
gen
e
rati
on,
e
nc
ryptio
n,
decr
y
pt
ion
a
nd
di
gital
sign
at
ur
e.
T
he
pr
ivate
key
is
us
ed
to
generate
the
signa
ture
an
d
the
public
key
for
the
resp
ect
iv
e
validat
io
n.
Finall
y,
a
ver
if
ic
at
ion
sc
hem
e
of
the
a
pp
li
ca
ti
on
w
her
e
the
m
essage
is
en
te
red
was
m
ade,
the
m
ai
n
functi
on
of
the
pr
og
ram
is
cre
at
ed
that
will
a
ll
ow
to
def
i
ne
if
the
m
essage
is
read
or
not,
in
case
the
m
e
ssage
is
read,
the
cry
ptogra
phic
bl
oc
k
is
init
ia
li
zed,
t
he
hash
is
c
al
culat
ed,
by
m
eans
of
the
Cy
_Crypto_S
ha
_Run()
functi
on,
a
nd
i
t
has
to
be
fill
ed
in
as
f
ollo
ws:
m
essage
r
ead
de
cl
ared
a
s
32
-
bit
intege
r,
m
essage
siz
e
that
by
de
fa
ult
ca
nnot
e
xcee
d
100
c
har
act
ers
bu
t
can
be
m
od
i
fied,
an
d
ha
sh
functi
on
t
hat
will
trans
f
or
m
the
ar
bitrary
bl
ock
of
data
int
o
a
ne
w
fixe
d
-
l
eng
t
h
stri
ng
[
16]
.
Fi
gure
6
s
hows
one
of
the
te
sts
pe
rfor
m
ed
with
a
Tel
net
to
ol,
where
t
he
ha
sh
perform
ed
by
the
m
ic
ro
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
ve
rified.
U
nderst
and
i
ng
the
previo
us
process
,
the
s
ign
at
ure
is
c
r
eat
ed
in
PS
O
C6,
wh
e
re
t
w
o
a
dd
it
io
nal
s
of
t
war
e
’s
a
re
us
e
d
O
pe
n
SSL
an
d
Pyt
hon 2.7
or
3
; t
hese
to
e
xe
cute a sc
ript t
ha
t gen
e
rates i
n t
he
keys
g
e
nerat
ed
di
recto
ry the
keys
[
24]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol. 11,
No.
1,
Febr
uar
y
2021 :
50
8
-
51
7
514
Figure
6
.
Di
ge
st t
est
s p
er
f
orm
ed
by the
m
i
cro
c
ontrolle
r
s
how
n on a tel
ne
t
4.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
4.1
.
Metho
d A
:
H
ardware
s
af
e
t
y
m
od
ule
(
HSM
)
on mic
roc
on
t
rolle
r b
as
e
d on the hi
ght
a
lg
orit
hm
The
te
sts
carri
ed
out
co
ns
ist
ed
in
ta
king
4
ve
ct
or
s,
eac
h
wi
th
a
64
-
bit
plain
te
xt
an
d
a
128
-
bit
key.
The
res
ult
of
encr
y
pting
the
pr
op
os
e
d
vec
tors
with
the
encr
y
ption
im
plem
ent
ed
in
this
proj
ect
th
rou
gh
the
interfac
e
cr
eat
ed
was
e
vide
nt
as
it
gen
e
ra
te
s
gr
eat
er
unde
rstan
ding
to
t
he
en
d
us
er
.
T
o
opti
m
iz
e
the
cod
e
,
at
the
tim
e
of
te
sti
ng
the
Di
f
fie
-
Hell
m
an
alg
ori
thm
,
it
wa
s
decide
d
to
t
ake
the
nu
m
ber
2
as
the
ge
ne
rator
nu
m
ber
beca
use
the
cal
culat
ion
of
p
owe
rs
wi
th
this
base
is
facil
it
at
ed
in
th
e
program
m
ing
of
C
++,
lim
i
ti
ng
it
a li
tt
le
to
the left shi
ft and a
stand
a
r
d pr
im
e n
um
ber
.
Wh
e
n
c
om
par
ing
t
he
res
ults,
it
was
disco
vered
that,
sinc
e
the
Hi
gh
t
al
gori
thm
is
op
tim
ized
f
or
8
-
bit
integrati
on,
ce
r
ta
in
m
od
ific
at
ion
s
a
ff
ect
i
ng
a
higher
us
e
of
m
e
m
or
y
reso
ur
ces
are
re
qu
i
re
d
to
im
ple
m
ent
the
m
in
32
-
bit
integrate
d
platf
orm
s.
Ho
we
ver
,
there
a
re
27
4x
im
pr
ovem
e
nts
in
e
ncr
y
ption
ti
m
e
and
23
4x
i
m
pr
ovem
ents
in
decr
y
ption
with
the
de
ploym
ent
on
a
card
a
nd
dev
el
opm
ent
platform
with
extensi
ve
an
d
m
or
e d
evel
op
e
d feat
ur
e
s s
uch as M
BED
N
uc
le
o
-
F
446RE
[1
8].
The
im
ple
m
e
ntati
on
of
t
he
HS
M
m
odule
re
qu
i
red
an
exte
ns
ive
stud
y
on
bl
ock
ci
phers,
bit
-
le
vel
op
e
ra
ti
on
s,
key
featur
es
,
discrete
l
og
a
rithm
s,
m
od
ula
r
e
xponent
ia
ti
on
,
am
on
g
oth
e
rs.
In
ad
di
ti
on
to
this,
al
l
op
era
ti
on
s
an
d
f
unct
ion
s
we
re
de
sign
e
d
an
d
ori
ented
f
or
the
execu
ti
on
of
a
co
m
pu
te
r
in
both
hard
war
e
a
nd
so
ft
war
e
,
thus
ens
ur
in
g
the
viabili
ty
of
the
com
pu
te
r
an
d
the
ef
fici
ent
use
of
li
m
it
ed
reso
urc
e
s
su
c
h
as m
e
m
or
y and res
ponse
tim
e.
4.2
.
Metho
d B
:
A
digit
al signa
tur
e in one s
yste
m 32
-
bit em
be
dded
Fo
r
the
im
plem
entat
ion
of
t
his
syst
em
i
t
was
m
ai
nly
con
side
red
as
protect
ing
t
he
ke
ys.
The
public
key
is
secur
e
d
ei
ther
by
a
m
et
hod
to
valida
te
the
so
ur
ce
of
the
key,
or
by
us
ing
a
n
internal
validat
io
n
with
a n
on
-
m
od
ifia
bl
e k
ey
that is st
or
e
d
in m
e
m
or
y [25].
Finall
y, after the e
xec
ut
ion
of the
c
od
e, the
res
ponse
tim
e
of
t
he
em
bed
de
d
syst
em
is
a
naly
zed.
I
n
th
e
case
of
P
SOC
,
an
i
nter
nal
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
use
d
that
ca
n
m
easure
the
f
unct
ions
c
reated
i
n
t
he
w
ho
le
struc
ture
of
the
c
ode,
wi
th
the
m
easur
em
ent
of
these
f
u
nctio
ns
the
ti
m
es
of
the
f
unct
ion
al
blo
c
ks
a
re
cal
culat
ed.
I
n
t
his
im
ple
m
entat
i
on
pr
ob
le
m
s
wer
e
f
ound
for
the
ge
ne
rati
on
a
nd
exch
a
nge
of
t
he
file
s
that
c
on
ta
ine
d
t
he
l
arg
e
pri
m
e
nu
m
ber
s,
ge
ner
at
ed
by
the
P
K
CS
li
br
aries
m
ade
by
the
chip
m
anu
factur
e
r,
it
wa
s
decided
to
e
xport
the
gen
e
rated
file
and
im
po
rt
it
again
thr
ough
the
h
-
heade
r
(h
ea
der
file
)
that
handles
th
e
PSO
C
de
vel
op
m
ent
card
in
orde
r
to
re
duce
m
e
m
or
y
a
nd
e
xecu
ti
on
t
i
m
e
fo
r
the code.
In
t
he
co
urse
of
the
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
the
t
w
o
al
gorithm
s,
it
w
as d
iffic
ult
to
create
the
ha
rdwar
e k
ey
since
it
was
ne
cessary
to
have
a
gr
eat
pr
e
vio
us
knowle
dg
e
about
co
des
a
nd
c
rypt
ograph
ic
app
li
cat
ion
s
to
be
able
to
ge
nerat
e
the
m
a
the
m
a
ti
cal
op
erati
on
s
un
ti
l
obta
ini
ng
t
he
RSA
al
gorithm
.
To
fa
ci
li
ta
te
the
wr
i
ti
ng
of
this
al
go
rithm
,
it
was
decide
d
to
us
e
the
im
ple
m
entat
ion
bases
in
bin
a
ry
m
ulti
plica
t
i
on
wit
h
vecto
r
s
that
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ha
r
dw
ar
e
bas
ed
cry
ptogr
aphy
:
te
ch
nolo
gical adv
an
ce
s fo
r app
li
c
ation
s
in
.
..
(
E
dwa
r
Jac
into
Gomez)
515
would
re
duce
t
he
gr
eat
ge
nerat
ion
of
co
de,
creati
ng
a
sta
ndar
d
functi
on
t
hat
w
ould
pe
rfor
m
m
ulti
plications
and alg
or
it
hm
s w
it
h 1
024
-
bit
nu
m
ber
s.
It
is
i
m
po
rtant
to
note
that
durin
g
the
de
ve
lop
m
ent
proc
ess
we
re
not
visible
im
ple
mentat
ion
s
or
researc
h
know
n
a
bout
t
he
use
of
al
go
rithm
s
ty
pe
hight
in
ha
rdware
sec
ur
it
y
m
od
ules
(H
SM
),
w
hich
m
akes
this
a
un
i
qu
e
r
esearch
becau
s
e
each
of
t
he
pro
j
ect
s
ha
nd
le
d
inf
or
m
at
ion
a
nd
pr
ocesses
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
f
unct
ions
in
sta
nd
a
r
d
C+
+
program
m
i
ng
la
ng
ua
ge,
c
ho
s
en
to
be
ad
aptable
an
d
ea
sy
to
op
ti
m
iz
e
the
hardw
a
re,
these
featur
e
s
m
ake
the
proj
e
ct
s
m
entione
d
can
be
reu
se
d
in
fu
t
ur
e
w
ork
,
as
well
as
the
know
le
dg
e
gaine
d
will
m
ake
the ti
m
e
sp
e
nt on
t
hese
dr
ast
ic
al
ly
d
ecr
ease an
d
at
t
he sa
m
e t
i
m
e enco
ura
ge
re
searc
h on the
sub
j
ec
t.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
per
s
hows
c
rypto
gr
a
ph
y
f
ro
m
ano
ther
poi
nt
of
vi
ew,
us
in
g
de
dicat
ed
ha
rdw
are
de
vices
,
in
secu
rity
sch
e
m
es
adap
te
d
to
sta
nd
-
al
one
syst
e
m
s,
wh
ic
h
al
lows
prot
ect
ion
to
be
gi
ven
to
a
num
ber
of
po
s
sible
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s
that
ca
n
be
us
ed
at
m
any
le
vels
s
uc
h
as
Io
T
,
HSM
app
li
cat
io
ns,
sens
or
net
work
s
or
any
ot
her
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
that
do
es
not
re
quire
a
PC
to
pr
oc
ess
the
i
nfor
m
at
ion
gen
e
rate
d
by
the
proc
esses.
In
t
he
a
naly
sis
of
t
he
tw
o
work
s
e
xpose
d,
it
is
obser
ved
th
at
in
the
meth
od
a:
a
s
of
t
wa
re
em
bed
de
d
s
yst
e
m
ty
pe
m
ic
ro
co
nt
ro
ll
er
was
use
d;
I
n
ad
diti
on
to
a
Hi
gh
t
c
rypto
gr
a
phic
al
gorithm
,
wh
ic
h,
bein
g
a
li
ghtwei
ght
al
gorithm
us
ing
sim
ple
op
era
ti
on
s,
highe
r
pe
rfor
m
ance,
lo
w
c
os
t
an
d
power
c
ons
um
pti
on,
a
m
igrati
on
f
r
om
an
8
-
bit
platfo
r
m
to
two
32
-
bit
platfo
rm
s
was
perf
or
m
ed,
a
Cortex
M0
i
n
wh
ic
h
a
th
r
oughput
of
38.1
K
byte
s
per
sec
ond
(Kbp
s/s
)
wa
s
ach
ie
ved
a
nd
i
n
a
Cortex
M
4
a
t
hro
ughput
of
222
kbyt
es
per
seco
nd
(Kb
ps
/
s)
was
achieve
d
by
pe
rfor
m
ing
al
l
the
High
al
go
rith
m
and
on
ly
us
i
ng
63%
of
the
RAM
of
the
M
0
de
vice
and
6%
of
the pr
ogram
m
e
m
or
y.
In
meth
od
b:
t
he
P
KCS
-
1
sta
nd
a
r
d
is
m
et
,
wh
ic
h
ha
s
as
s
ta
nd
a
rd
t
he
im
plem
entat
ion
of
a
com
plete
dig
it
al
sign
at
ure,
this
ty
pe
of
im
ple
m
enta
ti
on
s
are
c
omm
on
in
app
li
cat
ion
s
with
P
C'
s,
bu
t
to
m
ake
an
app
li
cat
io
n
of
this
sty
le
in
a
32
bits
har
dwa
re
of
only
a
few
te
ns
of
do
ll
ars,
m
akes
the
syst
e
m
pr
act
ic
al
and
total
ly
sta
n
d
-
a
lon
e,
since
it
do
e
s
not
requ
ire
any
a
ddit
ion
al
de
vice;
use
s
Has
h
f
un
c
ti
on
s
a
nd
the
RSA
al
gorithm
(w
hi
ch
is
com
pu
ta
ti
on
al
ly
com
pl
ex),
ha
s
a
res
pons
e
ti
m
e
of
3.42
seco
nds,
with
on
ly
a
25
M
hz
syst
e
m
c
lock,
bu
t
the
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
thing
is
that
in
the
consum
p
ti
on
pa
ram
et
ers
a
ve
ry
eff
ic
ie
nt
am
ou
nt
was
ob
s
er
ved,
us
in
g
1.3%
RAM
an
d
0.2%
R
OM,
since
f
or
eac
h
of
t
he
cry
ptogra
phic
f
unct
ions
the m
ic
ro
con
t
r
oller
has
a
de
di
cat
ed
ha
r
dw
a
re
w
it
h specific
m
e
m
or
y and re
so
urces
.
The
reali
zat
ion
of
tw
o
t
otall
y
sta
nd
-
al
one
c
r
yptogra
ph
y
al
gorithm
s,
with
out
the
nee
d
for
ad
diti
on
al
hard
war
e,
m
akes
hardw
a
re
ba
sed
on
crypt
ogra
ph
y
can
be
us
ed
in
a
num
ber
of
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
s
with
s
i
m
i
la
r
perform
ance
to
s
olu
ti
ons
of
the
sam
e
ty
pe
us
in
g
PC'
s;
w
hich
al
lo
ws
t
hi
s
ty
pe
of
pro
j
e
ct
to
be
inc
rea
sing
ly
com
m
on
in
the
coun
t
ry, Col
om
bia.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
w
ork
wa
s
su
pp
or
te
d
by
the
Un
ive
rsidad
Distrit
al
Fr
ancisc
o
Jo
sé
de
Ca
ldas,
s
pe
ci
fical
ly
by
the
researc
h
gr
oup
Se
gurida
d
inform
ática
E
m
beb
ida
(S
IE
)
,
a
gr
ou
p
that
in
the
ci
ty
,
reg
ion
of
Bo
go
tá
that
is
work
i
ng
on
th
e
us
e
of
de
di
cat
ed
ha
rdware
and
c
rypto
grap
hic
acce
le
r
at
or
s
a
pp
li
cabl
e
to
local
pro
blem
s,
the
resea
rch
e
rs
:
Steph
a
nie
Si
err
a
B
uitrag
o,
Jerem
y
Ag
uilar
Q
uiño
nes
a
nd
J
uan
Ca
m
il
o
Ram
irez
Go
nz
ál
ez
,
are
rec
og
nized
f
or
t
he
reali
zat
ion
of
s
uch
work,
w
hich
a
ll
ow
ed
the
co
m
par
ison
of
m
et
hods
a
nd
str
at
egies
app
li
cable
to
t
he pr
oble
m
s o
f
the c
ountry.
REFERE
NCE
S
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R.
D
.
V.
Ve
la
sco
,
“
Cript
ogra
fí
a, u
na
ne
ce
sid
ad
m
oder
na,”
Revista Digit
al
Un
iv
ersit
aria
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pp
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R.
S
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Ferna
nde
z
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“
Sínte
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e
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n
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roc
esa
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n
V
HDL
p
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u
p
osteri
or
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ptogr
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art
in
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c
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bl
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Cif
r
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Por
Bloqu
es
Emplea
ndo
El
E
stánda
r
De
Enc
r
i
pta
c
ión
Avanz
ad
o,
Aplic
ado
Al
Ám
bit
o
Educ
at
i
vo
Te
cnol
óg
ic
o
En
La
Ciuda
d
D
e
Huara
z
,
”
Univ
er
sidad
Nac
ional
S
ant
i
ago
Antune
z
de
Ma
y
o
lo,
201
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Nee
dl
e
in
a
Dat
asta
ck
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Th
e
r
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urity
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I
T
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te,
p
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J.
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"D
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urity
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ss
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unic
at
ion
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d
to
sm
al
l
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t
e
sec
tor
of
the
Cit
y
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le
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um
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un
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ss
ig
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“
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a
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La
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c
i
ón
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La
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ión
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a
l,
”
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ie
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om
erc
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”
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Ramíre
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H.
S.
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“
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ptogra
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loud
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puti
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ase
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ibi
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”
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bine
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Support
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Resea
rch
i
n
Com
pute
r
Archi
te
c
ture
and
Emb
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d
S
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”
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“
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log
y
co
m
pat
ibl
e
wi
th
th
e
Social
and
Solida
rity
Ec
o
n
o
m
y?
Towa
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new
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adi
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”
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EC
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,
“
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ple
m
ent
ación
del
Al
gorit
m
o
de
Cifra
do
Tri
viu
m
En
Un
Sis
te
m
a
Embebido
-
an
Im
ple
m
ent
at
ion
of
the
Tri
vium
Enc
r
y
pt
ion
Algorit
hm
in
an
Embedde
d
S
y
ste
m
(in
Spanish),
”
Pis
ta
s
Educ
ati
vas,
vol.
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no
.
130
,
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573
-
587
,
20
18.
[16]
J
.
Camilo
Ramírez
Gonzá
le
z
and
Ing.
Edwa
r
Jac
i
nto
Góm
ez
,
“
Impl
ementation
of
a
Digit
a
l
Signature
in
a
32
-
Bi
t
Embedde
d
S
y
st
em,”
Univer
sid
a
d
Distrit
a
l
Fran
ci
sco
Jos
e
De
Cal
das
,
vo
l.
2
0
0
3
,
p
.
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
r
e
p
o
s
i
t
o
r
y
.
u
d
i
s
t
r
i
t
a
l
.
e
d
u
.
c
o
/
b
i
t
s
t
r
e
a
m
/
1
1
3
4
9
/
2
2
4
4
3
/
1
/
R
a
m
%
C
3
%
A
D
r
e
z
G
o
n
z
%
C
3
%
A
1
l
e
z
J
u
a
n
C
a
m
i
l
o
2
0
1
9
.
p
d
f
.
[17]
P.
W
.
Shor,
“
Poly
nom
ia
l
-
ti
m
e
algorithms
for
pri
m
e
fac
tor
izati
on
and
discr
ete
log
ari
thms
on
a
qu
a
ntum
computer
,
”
SIA
M Journal
on
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puti
ng,
vo
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no
.
5
,
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484
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[18]
S.
J.
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Buit
rag
o
and
J.
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“
Des
ign
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Im
ple
m
ent
at
ion
of
a
Hardware
Safe
t
y
Module
(HS
M)
on
High
Algori
thm
-
Based
Micr
ocont
roller,”
Un
ive
rsidad
Distrital
Fran
ci
sco
Jos
e
De
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s
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[Onlin
e]
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Avail
ab
le
:
htt
p
:/
/
rep
ositor
y
.
ud
istr
it
al.e
du
.
co
/bi
tstr
ea
m
/11349/
7199
/1/
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aBui
tr
ag
oStepha
ni
eJuli
e
t
h2017.
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[19]
E.
J.
Gom
ez
,
“
Perform
anc
e
Ana
l
y
sis
of
the
PR
E
SENT
Cr
y
ptogr
aphi
c
Algori
thm
using
Embedde
d
Hardware
an
d
Software
Platfo
rm
s,”
Univer
si
dad
Distrital
F
ran
ci
sco
Jos
e
De
Cal
d
as
,
p.
55,
2015
.
[O
nli
ne]
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Avai
la
bl
e:
htt
p://reposit
or
y
.
udistri
tal.
edu.co/bitstream
/11349/2767/1/Jac
in
toG%c
3%b3m
ez
Ed
war2016.
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[20]
G.
F.
Marr
as,
“
H
ard
ware
arc
h
itec
ture
and
b
asic
s o
f
par
a
llel com
puti
ng,
”
CINECA.
[21]
M.
Feldhofe
r
,
e
t
al.,
“
Strong
a
uthe
ntica
ti
on
fo
r
RF
ID
s
y
stems
using
the
AE
S
al
gorit
hm
,
”
6
th
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Workshop on
Cryptographic Har
dware
and
Emb
e
dded
Syst
ems
,
v
ol.
3156
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pp
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.
[22]
H.
El
li
s
,
“
Algorit
hm
Speci
fic
a
ti
on,
”
pp.
8
–
21.
[Online
]
.
Avail
able:
htt
ps://
ww
w.c
si
e
.
ntu.edu.tw/~hs
inmu/courses/_m
edi
a
/dsa_13sprin
g/horowit
z_28_
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[23]
RS
A
La
bora
tor
ie
s,
“
PK
CS
#1
v2.
1:
RS
A
Cr
y
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aph
y
Standa
rd,
”
pp
6
-
8,
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nli
ne]
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la
b
l
e:
htt
ps://
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r
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/c
r
y
ptr
ec
_03_spe
c_
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y
ph
erlist_files/
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1v2
-
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.
[24]
M
.
Hastings,
“
PS
oC
®
3
and
PS
oC
5LP
–
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ec
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y
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ress,
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[25]
A.
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kra
an
d
A.
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SA
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ent
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”
2016
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ere
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1023
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2016.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Ed
w
a
r
Jaci
nto
Gome
z
Rec
eived
MS
c
El
ec
t
ronic
Control
a
nd
Instrum
ent
at
ion
Engi
nee
r
in
Inform
at
ion
and
Comm
unic
at
ion
s
Scie
nce
s
(Mer
it
orious
The
sis).
He
have
m
ore
tha
n
9
y
ea
rs
of
te
a
chi
ng
exp
erie
nce
in
7
dif
fer
e
nt
unive
rsit
ie
s
a
nd
He
cur
ren
t
l
y
work
as
an
assistant
c
ategor
y
te
a
che
r
at
the
Distric
t
Univer
s
ity
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Te
chno
log
y
,
where
he
form
ed
the
RAM
A
of
the
Distri
ct
Uni
ver
sit
y
Facu
lty
of
Technol
og
y
,
w
her
e
he
cur
re
n
tly
th
e
t
eachi
ng
profe
ss
or,
in
h
is
te
a
chi
ng
he
h
av
e
ta
ught
subj
ects
tha
t
hav
e
to
do
with
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
software
and
har
dwar
e,
espe
cially
in
ta
s
ks
of
ac
qu
isit
ion
and
sign
al
pro
c
essing.
In
the
las
t
5
y
e
ars,
he
ha
ve
publi
sh
ed
11
art
i
cl
es
in
ind
ex
ed
journa
ls
,
of
which
7
are
in
j
ourna
ls
ca
t
egor
i
ze
d
as
A2
and
A1
b
y
colcie
n
cias,
on
the
o
the
r
han
d,
he
have
par
ti
c
ipa
t
ed
as
a
spe
a
ker
in
b
oth
n
at
io
nal
and
in
te
rna
tional
conf
ere
n
ce
s
on
at
l
ea
st
20
o
c
ca
sions,
as
a
spe
ake
r
a
t
l
ea
st
7
d
i
ffe
ren
t
eve
n
ts
of
IEE
E
.
He
h
ave
had
a
ca
re
er
as
a
rese
arc
h
er
sin
ce
he
was
a
stud
ent
in
2002
and
up
to
date,
conducti
ng
rese
ar
ch
proj
ec
ts
in
at
least
4
groups
of
insti
tu
ti
onaliz
ed
rese
ar
ch.
Of
whi
ch
th
e
re
hav
e
be
en
as
r
esult
s
of
r
ese
arch,
som
e
articles,
a
rese
ar
ch
book
and
seve
ral
p
apers
of
nat
iona
l
an
d
int
ern
a
ti
ona
l
c
har
acte
r
.
He
hav
e
bee
n
a
jur
y
of
pre
-
degr
e
e
the
si
s
on
at
le
ast
20
diffe
ren
t
occasio
ns
and
hesido
dire
ct
or
of
works
at
thi
s
le
v
el
of
a
t
le
ast
25
d
egr
ee
works
,
of
which
3
have been
m
er
it
oriou
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ha
r
dw
ar
e
bas
ed
cry
ptogr
aphy
:
te
ch
nolo
gical adv
an
ce
s fo
r app
li
c
ation
s
in
.
..
(
E
dwa
r
Jac
into
Gomez)
517
Cater
inn
e
P
er
i
l
la
Gutierr
ez
B
orn
in
th
e
c
ity
o
f
Bogota
,
Colo
m
bia
.
Student
o
f
la
st
sem
este
r
o
f
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
a
ti
ons,
el
e
ct
roni
c
t
ec
hnolog
y
o
f
the
technolo
gic
a
l
fa
cul
t
y
i
n
the
district
univ
ersity
Franc
is
co
Jos
e
de
Cal
das
.
Curre
nt
l
y
She
par
ti
c
ipate
in
r
evi
ew
pap
ers
on
cr
y
p
togra
ph
y
an
d
sec
uri
t
y
issues,
She
work
s
in
support
and
admi
nistra
ti
on
of
p
er
imete
r
se
cur
i
t
y
servic
es
at Cl
aro
Colom
bia
.
Lina
Uy
asab
a
Muri
ll
o
Born
i
n
the
ci
t
y
of
B
ogota
,
Colom
bia
.
Stud
ent
of
l
ast
sem
este
r
o
f
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
te
l
ec
om
m
unic
a
ti
ons,
el
e
ct
roni
c
t
ec
hnolog
y
o
f
the
technolo
gic
a
l
fa
cul
t
y
i
n
the
distri
c
t
univers
ity
Franc
isco
Jos
e
de
Cal
das,
with
m
eri
tori
ous
t
hesis
which
was
one
of
the
m
ost
important
proj
ects
for
the
unive
r
sit
y
develope
d
with
the
Colom
bia
n
a
ir
for
ce
.
t
he
proj
ec
t
call
e
d
Sonda
wise
Cal
das
which
amounted
to
30
m
et
ers
high
to
obt
ai
n
data
from
the
at
m
osphere
.
She
cur
ren
tly
w
ork
as
a
pl
at
form
support
eng
inee
r
in the
Telep
erf
orm
anc
e compan
y
in
Co
lombia.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.