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s
u
p
er
i
m
p
o
s
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
lea
d
to
an
o
v
er
lo
ad
in
th
e
L
N
A
.
Af
ter
b
ein
g
f
il
ter
ed
,
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
en
ter
s
t
h
e
M
AF
u
n
i
t
a
n
d
b
ein
g
a
m
p
li
f
ied
to
a
d
esire
d
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
lev
el
b
y
t
h
e
L
N
A
,
t
h
en
g
o
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
B
P
F
o
f
th
e
M
AF
f
o
r
a
s
m
o
o
t
h
f
i
lter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
S
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
a
t th
e
in
p
u
t o
f
t
h
e
m
ix
er
o
f
t
h
e
I
F st
ag
e,
w
e
h
a
v
e
a
lo
w
n
o
is
e
,
w
ell
-
a
m
p
lifie
d
s
ig
n
al
at
t
h
e
d
esire
d
R
F b
an
d
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
r
el
ated
to
M
A
F.
I
n
t
h
eir
elec
tr
o
n
ics
le
tter
,
C
h
a
n
g
an
d
I
to
h
(
1
9
8
9
)
[
2
]
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
a
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
M
A
F
u
s
i
n
g
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
d
is
tr
i
b
u
ted
e
le
m
e
n
ts
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
co
u
p
led
n
e
g
ati
v
e
r
esi
s
tan
ce
m
et
h
o
d
.
R
.
Gr
ac
ía
an
d
J
.
A
lo
n
s
o
[
3
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
Hig
h
-
s
elec
tiv
e
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
ac
ti
v
e
b
an
d
p
ass
f
i
lter
u
s
i
n
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
ec
tio
n
s
w
it
h
a
p
ass
i
v
e
f
ilte
r
p
r
ec
ed
es
an
ac
tiv
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
t
a
g
e.
T
h
o
u
g
h
th
ese
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
s
h
o
w
ed
g
o
o
d
r
esu
lts
at
S
-
b
a
n
d
,
it
is
f
a
ir
ly
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
p
u
t
th
e
m
i
n
to
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
h
i
g
h
o
r
d
er
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
ilter
f
o
r
a
n
a
n
o
s
atelli
te
r
ec
eiv
er
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
its
co
m
p
lex
it
y
.
C
h
e
n
g
et
a
l.
(
2
0
0
0
)
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
a
n
o
v
el
w
a
y
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
lin
ea
r
it
y
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
ac
ti
v
e
b
a
n
d
p
ass
f
ilter
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
-
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
co
m
p
en
s
a
ted
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
[
4
]
.
A
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
cl
u
d
es
an
L
N
A
an
d
a
b
an
d
p
ass
f
ilter
ca
lled
as
th
e
Selecti
v
e
R
F
L
o
w
No
is
e
Am
p
l
if
ier
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
FM
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
b
an
d
(
8
8
–
1
0
8
MH
z)
,
is
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
L
ee
a
n
d
L
u
[
5
]
.
A
n
ac
ti
v
e
8
-
p
ath
f
il
ter
with
a
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
L
N
A
f
o
r
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
-
d
ef
i
n
ed
r
ad
io
(
SDR
)
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
s
,
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
ce
n
ter
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
ca
n
b
e
tu
n
ed
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
MH
z
to
2
GHz
is
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
B
eh
m
a
n
es
h
an
d
A
tar
o
d
i
[
6
]
.
L
.
P
an
to
li
et
a
l.
[
7
]
illu
s
tr
ated
a
tu
n
ab
le
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
s
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
w
o
r
k
s
u
s
ed
l
u
m
p
ed
f
ilter
ele
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
ca
n
o
n
l
y
b
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
b
elo
w
2
GHz
,
it
is
f
air
ly
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
to
ap
p
ly
th
ese
d
esi
g
n
s
in
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
o
v
er
2
GHz
w
h
e
n
t
ak
in
g
t
h
e
d
i
s
s
ip
atio
n
lo
s
s
an
d
p
ar
asit
ic
ef
f
ec
ts
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
in
te
g
r
atin
g
th
e
m
i
n
a
s
ate
llit
e
th
at
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
a
h
ar
s
h
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
Ma
r
ie
m
an
d
Na
b
ih
[
8
]
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
ac
tiv
e
b
an
d
p
as
s
f
ilter
b
ased
o
n
o
p
er
atio
n
al
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
c
to
r
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
i
m
p
le
C
M
OS
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ir
r
o
r
s
,
th
is
f
il
ter
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
h
as
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S1
1
)
an
d
in
s
er
t
io
n
lo
s
s
(
S2
1
)
r
esp
o
n
s
es a
n
d
c
an
also
b
e
tu
n
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
at
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
ab
o
u
t 2
GH
z
b
y
m
o
d
i
f
y
in
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
in
d
u
c
to
r
o
f
th
i
s
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
ass
b
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
s
v
er
y
n
ar
r
o
w
(
ab
o
u
t
1
5
MH
z)
an
d
it
m
i
g
h
t
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
u
r
m
is
s
io
n
.
Y.
Hao
et
a
l.
(
2
0
0
8
)
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
a
M
A
F
s
o
lu
t
io
n
f
o
r
s
atelli
te’
s
r
ec
eiv
er
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
s
b
y
p
lacin
g
a
b
an
d
p
ass
f
ilter
i
n
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
L
N
A
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
d
esire
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
n
o
is
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
v
er
y
s
i
m
ilar
to
o
u
r
m
e
th
o
d
[
9
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
n
l
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
f
ilter
d
esi
g
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
o
p
ti
m
ized
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
A
d
v
a
n
ce
Desig
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
A
D
S)
b
u
t
i
g
n
o
r
e
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
t
h
e
L
N
A
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
f
ilter
d
esig
n
o
f
t
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
s
ee
m
ed
n
o
t to
b
e
p
r
ac
tical
en
o
u
g
h
to
ap
p
ly
to
a
r
ea
l satellite
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
r
ec
eiv
er
.
Ou
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
o
b
tain
th
e
b
est
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
et
w
e
en
o
p
er
atio
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
to
tal
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
n
d
s
i
m
p
l
icit
y
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MA
F a
r
e
lis
ted
b
elo
w
:
a)
Has a
r
elativ
e
h
ig
h
g
ain
a
n
d
lo
w
n
o
is
e
f
ig
u
r
e.
b)
P
r
o
v
id
es lea
s
t d
is
to
r
tio
n
to
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
c)
Has
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
tu
n
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
i
n
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
a
t
S
-
b
an
d
.
I
n
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
th
e
e
n
tire
r
a
n
g
e
i
s
f
r
o
m
2
GHz
to
2
.
4
GHz
w
i
th
1
0
in
ter
n
al
f
r
e
n
q
u
e
n
c
y
s
lo
ts
.
d)
C
o
m
p
ac
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
to
b
e
in
te
g
r
a
ted
to
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
e
ith
er
s
p
ac
e
s
eg
m
e
n
t
(
n
a
n
o
s
ate
llit
es)
o
r
ea
r
th
s
eg
m
e
n
t (
s
m
all
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
t
at
io
n
s
)
.
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f
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r
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r
o
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e
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s
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m
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ip
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tr
ib
u
ted
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m
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
m
a
n
y
b
e
n
ef
its
o
v
er
t
h
e
l
u
m
p
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m
en
ts
to
p
o
lo
g
y
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s
u
c
h
as r
ed
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t
h
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io
n
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n
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,
it
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h
e
t
w
o
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ac
ter
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m
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ed
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ce
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e
ch
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ter
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e
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ter
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t
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o
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ar
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eter
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in
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h
e
d
esi
g
n
p
r
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ce
d
u
r
e
[
1
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
at
es th
e
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
es
e
t
w
o
m
o
d
es:
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
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ield
d
is
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ib
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er
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d
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d
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en
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o
d
es o
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th
e
co
u
p
led
lin
e
s
[
1
0
]
A
h
al
f
-
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
p
ar
allel
c
o
u
p
led
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e
m
icr
o
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ip
b
an
d
p
ass
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il
ter
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a
s
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u
ct
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r
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n
cl
u
d
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led
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es
w
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ich
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e
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ar
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air
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ate
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r
e
3:
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u
r
e
3
.
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u
ctu
r
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f
t
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m
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ip
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b
an
d
p
ass
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ilter
(
r
ed
r
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w
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m
[
1
1
]
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T
h
e
eq
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ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
esi
g
n
t
h
e
f
ilter
:
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0
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1
Z
0
=
√
(
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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9
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2
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9
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en
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r
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g
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e
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s
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ter
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ased
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e
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n
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h
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p
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led
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ip
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d
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o
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s
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j
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j
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0
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c
h
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s
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e
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d
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er
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h
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p
air
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y
m
m
etr
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en
t
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T
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ca
lcu
lated
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alu
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(
in
O
h
m
s
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o
f
t
h
e
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tic
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Od
d
an
d
ev
en
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
Val
u
es
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alc
u
la
ted
f
r
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m
th
e
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m
p
ed
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n
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er
ter
P
ar
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F
i
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6
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5
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4
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T
h
e
m
ater
ial
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s
ed
f
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u
ctu
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g
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s
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R
4
,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
:
R
elati
v
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t:
4
.
3
4
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lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t:
0
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0
0
2
5
,
d
iele
ctr
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h
eig
h
t:
1
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6
m
m
,
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
th
ick
n
e
s
s
:
0
.
0
3
5
m
m
,
r
o
u
g
h
n
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s
s
:
0
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0
0
9
5
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
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lt
s
in
Dec
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e
l
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
r
ef
lectio
n
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icien
t
(
S1
1
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an
d
in
s
er
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s
(
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h
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v
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ee
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o
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e
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h
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d
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s
ig
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m
(
A
DS)
2
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p
r
o
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id
ed
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ile
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e
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ch
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at
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esig
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s
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lated
r
esu
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ts
ar
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
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4
an
d
Fig
u
r
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5
,
r
esp
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el
y
.
Fig
u
r
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4
.
T
h
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s
ch
e
m
atic
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
p
ar
allel
co
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p
led
lin
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
b
an
d
p
ass
f
i
lter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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p
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I
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N:
2
0
8
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A
micro
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ve
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r
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n
o
s
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tellite’
s
r
ec
eive
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fr
o
n
t
-
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t s
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n
d
(
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h
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u
o
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u
r
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.
T
h
e
s
i
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la
ted
r
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o
f
S1
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d
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u
s
i
n
g
FR
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
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h
e
r
esu
lts
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e
s
i
m
u
lated
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
lae
f
r
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m
(
1
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to
(
5
)
,
w
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th
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u
t
ab
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s
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th
e
Op
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izat
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l
o
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s
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e,
b
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e
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te
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n
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1
3
]
.
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s
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at
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es
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lt
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t
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itab
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to
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e
to
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en
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ad
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m
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le
to
w
id
en
t
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e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
w
h
ile
m
a
in
ta
in
i
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t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
f
i
g
u
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e
o
f
m
er
it o
f
th
e
f
ilter
.
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
AND
S
I
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
WI
D
E
B
AND
L
O
W
NO
I
SE
AM
P
L
I
F
I
E
R
T
h
e
lo
w
n
o
is
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
p
la
y
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
s
atellite
’
s
r
ec
ei
v
er
,
its
m
ain
f
u
n
c
tio
n
i
s
to
am
p
li
f
y
t
h
e
w
ea
k
r
ec
e
i
v
ed
s
i
g
n
al
w
h
ic
h
g
o
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
atelli
te’
s
an
te
n
n
a
ter
m
in
a
l.
A
lo
n
g
with
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
th
e
L
N
A
d
esi
g
n
is
g
o
v
er
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
:
a.
No
is
e
f
i
g
u
r
e:
T
h
e
n
o
is
e
f
ig
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
L
N
A
i
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
ad
d
e
d
to
th
at
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
,
s
o
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
m
all
en
o
u
g
h
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
av
o
id
h
ar
m
f
u
l e
f
f
ec
t to
th
e
to
tal
n
o
is
e
f
ig
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
.
b.
Gain
: T
h
e
g
ai
n
o
f
L
N
A
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
lar
g
e
en
o
u
g
h
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
o
is
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
s
tag
e
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
[
1
4
]
.
c.
I
n
p
u
t
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
:
T
h
is
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
b
et
wee
n
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
L
N
A
an
d
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
th
e
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t (
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e
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ip
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As
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eg
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AF
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r
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r
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en
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o
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atio
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ter
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n
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l
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h
o
w
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it
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
ed
b
y
th
e
S
-
b
an
d
r
ec
eiv
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’
s
au
to
m
atic
g
ai
n
co
n
tr
o
l
(
A
G
C
)
.
A
n
o
ticea
b
le
tr
ait
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e
g
a
in
d
iag
r
a
m
i
s
t
h
at
th
e
v
a
lu
e
s
f
all
r
ap
id
l
y
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
d
esire
d
r
an
g
e,
f
o
r
d
etails,
f
r
o
m
1
0
d
B
at
1
.
9
8
GH
z
to
-
2
0
d
B
at
1
.
9
5
GHz
an
d
f
r
o
m
1
0
d
B
at
2
.
4
3
GHz
to
-
2
0
d
B
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
a
g
o
o
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
elec
t
iv
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
o
f
o
u
r
MA
F.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
p
o
in
t,
w
h
i
ch
is
also
th
e
m
ai
n
g
o
al
o
f
o
u
r
d
esig
n
is
th
a
t
th
e
M
A
F
h
a
s
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
f
l
e
x
ib
l
y
t
u
n
in
g
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
ci
es
o
v
er
th
e
w
h
o
le
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
wid
th
.
A
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
,
th
e
S2
1
o
f
t
h
e
2
GHz
–
2
.
4
GHz
r
an
g
e
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
f
lu
ct
u
ate
s
f
r
o
m
1
1
d
B
to
1
6
d
B
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
wh
en
d
i
v
id
in
g
t
h
is
to
1
0
in
ter
n
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
lo
ts
o
f
4
0
MH
z
w
e
h
a
v
e
f
latte
n
ed
s
u
b
-
r
an
g
es,
in
w
h
ich
,
t
h
e
v
i
b
r
atio
n
s
o
f
S2
1
is
less
th
an
1
d
B
.
T
h
ese
lo
ca
l
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
p
an
s
al
lo
w
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
r
ec
ei
v
er
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
m
u
lti
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
i
n
th
e
w
h
o
le
d
esire
d
r
an
g
e.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
in
te
g
r
ati
n
g
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
to
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
w
i
tch
in
g
cir
c
u
i
t.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
lo
ts
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
h
e
n
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
M
AF
w
it
h
a
p
h
a
s
e
-
l
o
ck
ed
lo
o
p
(
P
L
L
)
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
y
n
t
h
es
izer
u
n
it
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
o
th
e
f
lex
ib
le
s
tep
p
ed
tu
n
in
g
[
1
7
]
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
n
d
en
iab
le
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
s
to
th
e
m
u
lti
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
a
tellit
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
ab
o
u
t
a
m
icr
o
w
av
e
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
co
u
p
led
li
n
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
b
an
d
p
ass
f
ilter
an
d
a
w
id
eb
an
d
lo
w
n
o
is
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
p
r
ese
n
ted
an
d
it
p
r
o
v
ed
g
o
o
d
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
b
et
w
e
en
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
e
M
A
F
is
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
l
y
d
esi
g
n
ed
an
d
o
p
er
ated
at
S
-
b
an
d
,
a
n
d
it
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lie
d
to
n
a
n
o
s
atellite
’
s
r
ec
ei
v
er
f
r
o
n
ts
-
e
n
d
at
b
o
t
h
s
p
ac
e
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
e
g
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MA
F
is
2
-
2
.
4
GHz
an
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
g
ai
n
v
al
u
e
is
ar
o
u
n
d
2
0
d
B
.
T
h
e
MA
F
allo
w
s
g
o
o
d
s
tep
p
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
tu
n
i
n
g
at
S
-
b
an
d
an
d
it
p
r
o
v
es
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
b
en
ef
its
in
co
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
to
g
en
er
al
p
ass
i
v
e
f
ilter
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
s
u
ch
as
:
P
r
o
v
id
es
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
h
ig
h
g
ain
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
b
an
d
,
b
etter
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
n
o
is
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
f
ilter
,
an
d
s
till
co
m
p
ac
t
en
o
u
g
h
t
o
in
teg
r
ate
to
t
h
e
n
an
o
s
a
tellite
’
s
r
ec
eiv
er
s
.
B
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ate
llit
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
,
t
h
e
f
lat
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
b
an
d
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
w
h
e
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
,
th
is
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
h
at
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
m
o
o
t
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
t
u
n
in
g
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
B.
Y.
Ka
p
il
e
v
ich
,
“
V
a
riet
y
o
f
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
to
De
sig
n
in
g
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Ac
ti
v
e
F
il
ters
,
”
M
ic
ro
wa
v
e
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
2
7
t
h
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
,
1
9
9
7
;
1
:
3
9
7
-
4
0
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
micro
w
a
ve
a
ctive
filt
er fo
r
n
a
n
o
s
a
tellite’
s
r
ec
eive
r
fr
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
s
a
t s
-
b
a
n
d
(
Lin
h
Ta
P
h
u
o
n
g
)
981
[2
]
C.
Y.
Ch
a
n
g
a
n
d
T
.
Ito
h
,
“
Na
rro
w
b
a
n
d
P
lan
a
r
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
Ac
ti
v
e
F
il
ter,”
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
3
1
st
,
A
u
g
.
1
9
8
9
;
2
5
:
1
1
2
8
-
1
1
2
9
.
[3
]
R.
G
r
a
c
ía
a
n
d
J.
A
lo
n
so
,
“
Hig
h
-
se
lec
ti
v
e
m
icro
w
a
v
e
a
c
ti
v
e
b
a
n
d
p
a
ss
f
il
ter
u
sin
g
tran
s
m
is
sio
n
li
n
e
in
terf
e
re
n
c
e
se
c
ti
o
n
s,”
3
4
th
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
Amste
rd
a
m
,
T
h
e
Ne
th
e
rla
n
d
s
,
2
0
0
4
;
7
2
1
-
7
2
4
.
[4
]
K.M
.
C
h
e
n
g
,
Hil
-
Ye
Ch
a
n
,
Kim
-
F
u
n
g
Y
ip
,
“
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
L
in
e
a
rit
y
a
n
d
No
ise
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
M
ic
ro
w
a
v
e
A
c
ti
v
e
Ba
n
d
p
a
ss
F
il
ters
,
”
Asia
-
P
a
c
if
ic
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
.
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
(Ca
t.
N
o
.
0
0
T
H8
5
2
2
)
,
S
y
d
n
e
y
,
NSW
,
A
u
stra
li
a
,
2
0
0
0
;
1
9
7
-
2
0
0
.
[5
]
K.K.
L
e
e
a
n
d
Y.
L
u
,
“
A
S
e
lec
ti
v
e
RF
L
o
w
No
ise
Am
p
li
f
ier,”
i
n
Ra
d
io
Pro
jec
t,
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
L
u
n
d
U
n
iv
e
rsity
;
2
0
0
9
.
[6
]
B.
Be
h
m
a
n
e
sh
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
A
taro
d
i
,
“
A
c
ti
v
e
Ei
g
h
t
-
P
a
t
h
F
il
ter
a
n
d
L
NA
w
it
h
W
id
e
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Ba
n
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
Ce
n
ter
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
T
u
n
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
7
;
6
5
(1
1
):
4
7
1
5
-
4
7
2
3
.
[7
]
L.
P
a
n
to
li
,
V
.
S
t
o
rn
e
ll
i,
G
.
L
e
u
z
z
i,
“
T
u
n
a
b
le
Ac
ti
v
e
F
il
ters
f
o
r
RF
a
n
d
M
icro
w
a
v
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Circ
u
it
s,
S
y
ste
ms
,
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
s,
2
0
1
4
;
2
3
(6
)
:
1
4
5
0
0
8
8
.
[8
]
J.
M
a
rie
m
a
n
d
P
r.
O
u
.
Na
b
ih
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
n
O
T
A
-
b
a
s
e
d
M
icro
w
a
v
e
A
c
ti
v
e
F
il
e
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
W
ire
les
s T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
a
n
d
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
(
W
IT
S
)
,
F
e
z
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
2
0
1
7
;
1
-
4
.
[9
]
Y.
Ha
o
,
B.
Z
u
,
P
.
Hu
a
n
g
,
“
A
n
Op
ti
m
a
l
M
icro
strip
F
il
ter
De
sig
n
M
e
th
o
d
Ba
se
d
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
De
sig
n
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
S
a
telli
te
Re
c
e
iv
e
r,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
tr
o
n
ics
a
n
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
T
a
k
a
m
a
ts
u
,
Ja
p
a
n
,
2
0
0
8
;
903
-
9
0
7
.
[1
0
]
A
.
R.
Oth
m
a
n
a
n
d
C.
W
a
sli,
“
2
.
4
G
Hz
M
icro
strip
Ba
n
d
p
a
ss
F
il
ter,”
T
h
e
1
st
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
ICT
,
M
e
lak
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
1
]
J.S
.
Ho
n
g
,
“
M
icr
o
strip
F
il
te
r
f
o
r
RF
/M
icro
w
a
v
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
S
e
c
o
n
d
Ed
i
ti
o
n
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
Jo
h
n
W
il
ley
a
n
d
S
o
n
s.
2
0
1
1
:
1
3
0
-
1
3
1
.
[1
2
]
D.
M
.
P
o
z
a
r,
“
M
icro
w
a
v
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
”
T
h
ird
Ed
it
io
n
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
Jo
h
n
W
il
le
y
a
n
d
S
o
n
.
2
0
0
5
:
3
7
0
-
4
2
1
.
[1
3
]
L.
Bil
lo
n
n
e
t
,
“
A
c
ti
v
e
F
il
ters
:
T
o
o
ls
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
Ac
ti
v
e
-
f
il
t
e
r
De
sig
n
,
”
En
c
y
c
lo
p
e
d
ia
o
f
RF
a
n
d
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
S
ix
th
Vo
l
u
m
e
,
Ne
w Yo
rk
:
Jo
h
n
W
il
ley
a
n
d
S
o
n
s.
2
0
1
5
:
7
0
-
8
8
.
[1
4
]
B.
Ra
z
a
v
i,
“
RF
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
”
S
e
c
o
n
d
E
d
it
i
o
n
,
Ne
w
Je
rse
y
:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
l
l
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Em
e
r
g
in
g
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
S
e
ries
.
2
0
1
2
:
2
5
5
-
2
6
2
.
[1
5
]
T
.
V
.
Ho
i
a
n
d
B.
G
.
Du
o
n
g
,
“
S
tu
d
y
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
lo
w
n
o
ise
a
m
p
li
f
ier
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
a
t
C
b
a
n
d
,
”
VNU
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
t
h
e
ma
ti
c
s
–
Ph
y
sic
s
.
2
0
1
3
;
2
9
(
2
):
1
6
-
2
4
.
[1
6
]
A
b
u
Ba
k
a
r
Ib
r
a
h
im
,
A
h
m
a
d
Za
m
z
u
ri
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
A
li
,
“
De
si
g
n
o
f
M
icro
w
a
v
e
L
N
A
B
a
se
d
o
n
Lad
d
e
r
M
a
tch
in
g
N
e
tw
o
rk
s
f
o
r
W
iM
A
X
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
.
2
0
1
6
;
6
(4
)
:
1
7
1
7
-
1
7
2
4
.
[1
7
]
T
h
e
A
n
h
Ng
u
y
e
n
Din
h
,
Hu
y
L
e
X
u
a
n
,
T
u
a
n
A
n
h
V
u
,
Du
o
n
g
Ba
c
h
G
ia,
“
A
S
tatu
s
Da
ta
T
r
a
n
s
m
it
ti
n
g
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
V
e
ss
e
l
M
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
.
2
0
1
8
;
8
(2
):
9
1
7
-
9
2
5
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
L
i
n
h
T
a
P
h
u
o
n
g
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
h
e
M
.
S
c.
D
e
g
r
e
e
in
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
and
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
fr
o
m
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
of
E
n
g
i
n
e
er
i
n
g
and
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
i
n
2
0
1
4
a
n
d
M
.
S
c
.
D
e
g
r
e
e
i
n
A
e
r
o
s
p
a
ce
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
fr
o
m
T
o
h
o
k
u
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
i
n
2
0
1
7
.
F
r
o
m
2015
u
p
t
o
n
o
w
,
he
is
a
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
e
r
in
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
N
a
t
i
o
n
al
S
p
a
c
e
C
e
n
t
er
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
A
c
a
d
e
m
y
of
S
c
i
e
n
ce
and
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
H
i
s
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
e
s
m
a
in
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
m
i
cr
o
w
a
v
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
er
i
n
g
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
in
sa
t
e
ll
it
e
s
,
g
r
o
u
n
d
st
a
ti
o
n
and
r
a
d
i
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Em
a
il
:
tp
li
n
h
@v
n
sc
.
o
rg
.
v
n
L
i
n
h
T
a
P
h
u
o
n
g
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
h
e
M
.
S
c.
D
e
g
r
e
e
in
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
and
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
fr
o
m
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
of
E
n
g
i
n
e
er
i
n
g
and
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
i
n
2
0
1
4
a
n
d
M
.
S
c
.
D
e
g
r
e
e
i
n
A
e
r
o
s
p
a
ce
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
fr
o
m
T
o
h
o
k
u
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
i
n
2
0
1
7
.
F
r
o
m
2015
u
p
t
o
n
o
w
,
he
is
a
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
e
r
in
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
N
a
t
i
o
n
al
S
p
a
c
e
C
e
n
t
er
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
A
c
a
d
e
m
y
of
S
c
i
e
n
ce
and
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
H
i
s
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
e
s
m
a
in
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
m
i
cr
o
w
a
v
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
er
i
n
g
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
in
sa
t
e
ll
it
e
s
,
g
r
o
u
n
d
st
a
ti
o
n
and
r
a
d
i
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Em
a
il
:
tp
li
n
h
@v
n
sc
.
o
rg
.
v
n
D
u
o
n
g
B
a
c
h
G
i
a
w
a
s
b
o
r
n
in
Ha
D
o
n
g
D
i
s
t.
,
H
a
n
o
i
,
V
i
et
n
am
in
1
9
5
0
.
He
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
h
e
B
.
S
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
r
a
d
i
o
p
h
y
s
i
c
s
in
1972
and
t
h
e
P
h
.
D
.
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
p
h
y
s
i
cs
fr
o
m
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
o
f
H
a
n
o
i
in
1988.
F
r
o
m
1988
to
1990,
he
w
a
s
a
re
s
e
a
rc
h
e
r
as
s
i
st
a
n
t
in
L
e
n
i
n
g
r
a
d
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
,
R
u
s
si
a
.
F
r
o
m
1991
to
2005,
he
w
a
s
a
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
in
a
c
a
d
e
m
y
of
a
ir
f
o
r
c
e
.
He
has
been
a
le
c
t
u
r
er
and
h
e
a
d
o
f
el
e
c
tr
o
n
i
c
s
and
t
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
c
e
n
t
er
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
of
E
n
g
i
n
e
er
i
n
g
and
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
V
i
et
n
a
m
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
since
2006.
He
w
a
s
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
d
to
A
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
P
r
o
f
es
s
o
r
in
2009
and
to
P
r
o
f
e
s
s
o
r
i
n
2016.
H
i
s
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
c
u
s
es
on
RF
analog
si
g
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
es
s
i
n
g
,
RF
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,
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engineer
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.
E
m
a
i
l
:
duongbg@
vnu.edu.
vn
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