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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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Vo
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9
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5
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9
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9
8
1
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3992
3982
F
A
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[
5
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in
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[
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ec
i
f
y
s
ec
u
r
e
s
t
ates a
n
d
e
co
n
o
m
ic
ac
co
u
n
t
s
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
,
an
d
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
q
u
a
n
titi
e
s
ar
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
p
t
i
m
ize
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
at
a
s
et
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
esp
ec
ted
[
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
ea
r
l
y
e
ig
h
tie
s
,
an
d
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
o
p
t
i
m
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
o
th
er
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
ca
lled
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
t
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
q
u
ick
l
y
f
i
n
d
th
e
g
lo
b
al
o
p
t
i
m
alit
y
o
f
a
lar
g
er
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
p
ac
e,
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
:
P
ar
ticle
S
w
ar
m
Op
ti
m
iza
tio
n
(
P
SO)
,
B
at
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
,
C
u
c
k
o
o
Sear
ch
A
lg
o
r
it
h
m
[
1
6
]
,
Gen
et
ic
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
,
etc.
I
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
e
v
er
al
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
ield
o
f
o
p
ti
m
al
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
s
ettin
g
o
f
F
A
C
T
S
d
ev
ices
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
I
n
[
1
7
]
,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
s
izi
n
g
o
f
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
w
o
F
AC
T
S
d
ev
ice
s
(
T
C
P
ST
an
d
T
C
SC
)
is
s
t
u
d
ied
u
s
in
g
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
ile
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
an
d
ar
d
I
E
E
E
3
0
b
u
s
test
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
lo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ettin
g
s
o
f
SVC
an
d
T
C
SC
d
ev
ices
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
in
[
1
0
]
as
a
r
ea
l
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
p
ti
m
izati
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
u
s
i
n
g
No
n
-
d
o
m
in
ated
s
o
r
tin
g
p
ar
ticl
e
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
(
NSP
SO)
.
Firstl
y
,
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
i
za
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
r
m
u
lated
a
s
a
b
i
-
o
b
j
e
ctiv
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
iza
tio
n
o
f
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
(
R
P
L
)
an
d
th
e
m
ax
i
m
iz
atio
n
o
f
s
tatic
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
i
n
(
SVSM)
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
a
t
h
r
ee
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
,
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
al
s
o
,
th
e
m
in
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ev
iatio
n
i
n
lo
ad
b
u
s
es
(
L
V
D)
.
A
u
t
h
o
r
s
in
[
5
]
h
as
u
s
ed
g
en
et
ic
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
G
A
)
to
d
e
ter
m
i
n
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
v
al
u
es
o
f
UP
F
C
d
ev
ice
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es:
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
v
o
lta
g
es
p
r
o
f
i
le,
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es,
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
i
n
o
v
er
lo
ad
ed
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
es
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
,
in
t
h
e
ir
ak
i
lo
ca
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
Di
y
ala
1
3
2
k
V)
.
A
u
t
h
o
r
s
i
n
[
7
]
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
g
en
et
ic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
etti
n
g
o
f
UP
FC
d
ev
ice
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
i
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
es
f
o
r
th
r
ee
s
t
an
d
ar
d
s
elec
tr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
3
UP
FC
s
f
o
r
th
e
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
,
5
UP
FC
s
f
o
r
th
e
I
E
E
E
3
0
b
u
s
an
d
7
UPFC
s
f
o
r
th
e
I
E
E
E
5
7
b
u
s
.
T
h
e
o
r
ig
in
alit
y
o
f
th
is
p
ap
e
r
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
:
"
Ma
x
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
F
A
C
T
S
d
ev
ices
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
in
s
talled
f
o
r
a
g
iv
e
n
p
o
wer
n
et
w
o
r
k
"
,
in
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
UP
F
C
d
ev
ice
s
as
w
el
l
as
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
lace
m
en
t
an
d
s
etti
n
g
o
f
t
h
eir
th
r
ee
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
(
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e,
p
h
a
s
e
an
g
le
an
d
s
h
u
n
t
r
ea
ct
iv
e
c
u
r
r
en
t)
in
ea
c
h
ca
s
e
(
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
UP
FC
s
)
to
en
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
te
m
lo
s
s
e
s
in
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
tes
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
UP
F
C
s
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
b
ased
p
u
r
ely
o
n
t
h
e
tec
h
n
ica
l
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
co
s
ts
r
elate
d
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
UP
FC
s
.
Gen
etic
alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
GA
)
is
ap
p
li
ed
in
th
e
s
t
u
d
ied
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
th
e
h
ea
v
y
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
.
I
n
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
s
tep
s
ize
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
f
ac
to
r
is
ch
o
s
en
s
m
a
ll
(
0
.
0
1
)
to
o
b
tain
a
h
ig
h
t q
u
a
lit
y
r
e
s
u
l
ts
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
all
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
UP
FC
s
i
n
ea
c
h
ca
s
e
ar
e
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
eir
li
m
it
s
an
d
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
an
y
v
io
latio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
ea
c
h
UP
FC
d
ev
ice
i
n
s
talle
d
in
its
p
o
s
itio
n
to
o
p
er
ate
s
af
el
y
,
a
n
d
th
i
s
is
w
h
at
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
s
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
d
icato
r
o
f
G
A
s
ea
r
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
e
o
p
tim
a
l
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
UP
F
C
d
e
v
ices
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
ti
n
g
it
s
l
i
m
its
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
w
h
en
e
v
er
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
UP
FC
s
i
n
s
ta
lle
d
in
cr
ea
s
es,
b
o
th
v
o
ltag
e
d
ev
i
atio
n
an
d
to
tal
lo
s
s
es
w
ell
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
o
u
r
r
es
u
lts
to
t
h
o
s
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
e
lite
r
atu
r
e
i
n
d
icate
s
th
a
t
ar
e
v
er
y
clo
s
e.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
d
e
m
ak
es t
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
li
m
ited
w
it
h
i
n
a
n
ar
r
o
w
s
p
ac
e
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
f
ac
i
litates
t
h
e
s
e
ar
ch
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
,
o
p
tim
al
p
lace
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
ize
o
f
UP
FC
d
ev
ice
s
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
ti
m
e.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
v
er
y
u
s
e
f
u
l e
s
p
ec
iall
y
in
ca
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
m
u
lti
-
t
y
p
e
F
AC
T
S d
ev
ices..
.
etc.
2.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
OF
UP
F
C
I
n
1
9
9
1
Gy
u
g
y
i
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
Un
if
ied
P
o
w
er
Flo
w
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
ce
p
t
ca
lled
UP
FC
[
1
8
]
.
UP
FC
is
a
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
-
b
ased
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
,
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le,
v
o
lta
g
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
an
d
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
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U
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,
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w
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p
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s
[
2
3
]
:
(
)
(
(
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(
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)
(
1
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(
(
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(
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)
(
2
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(
(
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(
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)
(
3
)
(
(
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(
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)
(
4
)
w
it
h
:
(
5
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(
6
)
(
7
)
is
th
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ted
b
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h
u
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t c
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t so
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i
n
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.
3.
G
E
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L
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H
M
P
RO
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SS
AND
P
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B
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F
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RM
UL
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N
3
.
1
.
G
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a
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pro
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A
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(
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s
[
2
4
,
25]
.
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[
2
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,
2
6
,
2
7
]
.
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d
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d
.
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m
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:
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s
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j
∠
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(
b
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li
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s
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(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
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8
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I
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5
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3
.
1
.
1
.
I
nitia
lize
a
po
pu
la
t
io
n o
f
chro
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
Firstl
y
,
th
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
g
e
n
er
ate
s
an
in
i
tial
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
a
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
ize
[7
,
2
4
]
.
Fo
r
m
o
r
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
,
ass
u
m
e
t
w
o
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
(
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
)
as
a
n
in
i
tial
p
o
p
u
l
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n
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
.
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ac
h
in
d
iv
id
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al
(
ch
r
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m
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s
d
es
ig
n
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b
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s
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in
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in
b
in
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r
r
ea
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co
d
in
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,
f
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r
e
x
a
m
p
le
i
f
w
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
o
f
a
f
u
n
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tio
n
o
f
n
v
ar
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les
(
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s
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m
p
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s
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ch
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e
co
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tain
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g
th
e
n
v
ar
iab
les
as
d
ep
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in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
W
ith
t
h
is
co
d
in
g
t
y
p
e
(
r
ea
l
c
o
d
in
g
)
,
th
e
ch
r
o
m
o
s
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m
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lu
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p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
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aster
t
h
an
k
s
to
t
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
-
co
d
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te
p
(
f
r
o
m
b
in
ar
y
to
r
ea
l)
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
(
a
)
T
w
o
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
(
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
)
;
(
b
)
R
e
a
l
c
o
d
i
n
g
o
f
o
n
e
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
w
i
t
h
n
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
3
.
1
.
2
.
Cre
a
t
ing
new
chro
m
o
s
o
m
es
by
m
a
t
ing
curr
ent
chro
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
e
p
,
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
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l
g
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r
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t
h
m
u
s
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s
t
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n
d
i
v
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d
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a
l
s
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a
c
h
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
n
ew
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
)
b
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
e
p
s
:
a.
F
i
t
n
e
s
s
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
:
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
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f
t
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f
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t
n
e
s
s
v
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c
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d
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d
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l
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f
t
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c
u
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[
7
,
31]
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f
UP
FC
s
)
ar
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o
r
g
an
ized
in
T
ab
le
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
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2
0
1
9
:
3
9
8
1
-
3992
3988
T
ab
le
3
.
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tim
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tio
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3
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icted
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lled
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as
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ee
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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8708
I
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As
it
is
m
en
tio
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p
r
ev
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s
l
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r
o
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g
h
T
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le
4
,
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m
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er
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s
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th
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et
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h
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(
VD)
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n
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T
L
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r
ea
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n
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th
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s
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4
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e
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o
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s
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d
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th
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h
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o
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d
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,
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,
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an
d
1
2
(
i.e
.
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li
n
es:
1
-
2
,
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-
9
a
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m
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t
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ased
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elate
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l
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Fig
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