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ll
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to
it
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m
p
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[
1
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.
T
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is
m
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ti
v
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s
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to
m
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el
it
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[
2
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,
[
3
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,
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ev
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ica
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d
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w
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[
4
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.
T
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T
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B
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w
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is
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m
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ased
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p
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ted
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I
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as o
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-
R
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A
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[
5
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.
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w
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w
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ll
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s
e
E
v
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t
-
B
[
6
]
s
i
n
ce
it
allo
w
s
u
s
to
p
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v
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th
at
o
u
r
s
y
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m
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co
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n
s
tr
u
ct
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b
asi
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g
o
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p
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f
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b
lig
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.
T
h
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p
r
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f
s
ar
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d
o
n
e
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
b
y
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to
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l
ca
lled
R
o
d
in
[
7
]
.
E
v
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-
B
is
also
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ased
o
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r
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in
e
m
e
n
t
w
h
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m
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cr
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a
m
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cr
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m
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[
8
]
.
I
n
ev
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r
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in
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m
e
n
t,
w
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p
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v
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co
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tr
ad
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w
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p
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lti
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s
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m
i
s
co
r
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
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C
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Vo
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7
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No
.
4
,
A
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g
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s
t
2
0
1
7
:
2
0
4
5
–
2
0
5
3
2046
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6
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AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
―
U
s
in
g
E
v
e
n
t
B
to
Sp
ec
if
y
Qo
S
in
ODP
E
n
ter
p
r
is
e
L
an
g
u
a
g
e‖
[
1
]
lik
e
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
,
is
s
p
ec
i
f
y
in
g
Qo
S
n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
ev
e
n
t
-
B
,
it
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
p
e
cif
ica
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ac
to
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
th
eir
s
tates
a
n
d
it
also
p
r
esen
t
n
eg
o
tia
tio
n
v
a
l
u
es.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
it
d
o
esn
’
t
p
r
esen
t
a
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
o
f
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ac
ts
e
x
ac
tl
y
s
u
c
h
as
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
ab
le
to
n
eg
o
tiate
w
it
h
m
u
l
tip
le
s
er
v
er
s
.
―
E
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
Qo
S
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
ed
er
atio
n
s
‖
[
9
]
is
an
o
th
er
w
o
r
k
p
r
esen
tin
g
Qo
S
n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
,
it
p
r
esen
t
s
a
g
o
o
d
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
in
ad
d
itio
n
it
p
r
esen
t
s
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
elin
g
.
Yet,
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
d
o
es
n
’
t
p
r
o
v
e
th
at
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
is
co
r
r
ec
t.
A
ls
o
,
i
t
li
m
it
s
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
o
m
a
in
.
―An
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
Qo
S
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
‖
[
1
0
]
p
r
esen
ts
a
n
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
Qo
S
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
ap
p
lied
to
a
v
id
eo
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
,
th
is
ex
a
m
p
le
is
p
r
esen
ted
w
it
h
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
els
a
n
d
s
tatis
tics
r
es
u
lt
s
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
as t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
ap
er
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
th
i
n
g
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
co
r
r
ec
tn
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Ou
r
w
o
r
k
i
s
p
r
esen
ti
n
g
a
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
E
v
en
t
-
B
,
th
is
allo
w
s
u
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
c
o
r
r
ec
tn
ess
o
f
o
u
r
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
p
o
o
f
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
,
it
al
s
o
p
r
esen
t
s
a
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
in
m
o
r
e
d
etails.
A
ls
o
,
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
i
s
p
r
o
v
ed
u
s
i
n
g
R
o
d
in
p
l
atf
o
r
m
[
7
]
w
h
ic
h
av
o
id
h
u
m
an
m
is
ta
k
es d
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
r
o
o
f
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
.
3.
NE
G
O
T
I
AT
I
O
N
AP
P
RO
A
CH
Qu
alit
y
o
f
Ser
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
is
a
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
co
n
ce
p
t
th
at
ai
m
s
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
n
et
w
o
r
k
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
an
Op
en
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
P
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
(
ODP
)
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
i
s
co
n
ce
p
t
is
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
in
m
an
y
f
ield
s
s
u
ch
as
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
[
1
1
]
,
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
[
1
2
]
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
allo
ca
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
1
3
]
an
d
w
eb
s
er
v
i
ce
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
o
u
r
n
eg
o
tiatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
w
e
w
i
ll b
ase
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
co
n
ce
p
t
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
clie
n
t
a
n
d
s
er
v
er
s
,
w
e
w
ill
h
av
e
a
t
h
ir
d
ac
to
r
,
it
is
th
e
tr
ad
er
.
T
h
e
tr
a
d
er
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
h
o
i
s
ab
le
to
g
et
th
e
b
est
Qo
S
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
a
clien
t.
I
n
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
,
a
clien
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
v
alu
e
o
f
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
P
to
th
e
tr
ad
er
,
th
e
tr
ad
er
m
a
y
m
o
d
i
f
y
th
e
Qo
S
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
clien
t
o
r
n
o
t,
a
f
ter
th
a
t
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
s
en
d
th
e
v
al
u
e
P
’
o
f
Qo
S
to
th
e
s
er
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
er
v
e
r
g
ets
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
v
alu
e
it
m
a
y
eit
h
er
r
ef
u
s
e
th
e
r
eq
u
est
o
r
m
a
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
v
alu
e
V
th
at
it
m
a
y
o
f
f
er
s
,
at
t
h
is
s
ta
g
e
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
w
il
l
eit
h
er
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
e
v
alu
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
s
er
v
er
o
r
r
etu
r
n
s
it
d
ir
ec
tl
y
to
t
h
e
clie
n
t,
if
t
h
e
clie
n
t
is
s
ati
s
f
ied
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
alu
e
h
e
a
cc
ep
ts
it
o
r
else
h
e
r
ef
u
s
es
it
,
in
th
i
s
ca
s
e
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
w
ill
au
to
m
at
icall
y
s
tar
t
n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
w
it
h
a
n
o
th
er
s
er
v
er
an
d
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1
b
elo
w
p
r
e
s
en
t
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
w
it
h
a
s
er
v
er
b
asi
n
g
o
n
a
UI
T
f
o
r
m
[
1
5
]:
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Neg
o
tiatio
n
P
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
]
4.
F
O
RM
AL
SPECI
F
I
CA
T
I
O
N
O
F
Q
O
S NE
G
O
CI
AT
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Require
m
e
nt
Do
cu
m
ent
T
o
p
r
esen
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
,
w
e
p
r
ese
n
t
it
alo
n
g
t
w
o
m
ain
ax
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
a
x
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
es
th
e
m
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
"
FUN"
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
s
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
o
m
e
d
etails r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t "
E
NV"
.
W
e
p
r
esen
t o
u
r
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t d
o
cu
m
en
t a
s
f
o
llo
ws:
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
allo
w
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
o
f
Qo
S
b
et
w
ee
n
a
clien
t a
n
d
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
er
v
er
s
FUN
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
o
r
ma
l S
p
ec
ifica
tio
n
o
f Q
o
S
N
eg
o
tia
tio
n
in
ODP
S
ystem
(
A
b
d
ess
a
ma
d
Ja
r
r
a
r
)
2047
E
NV
1
: T
h
e
tr
ad
e
r
is
an
in
ter
m
ed
iate
b
et
w
ee
n
clie
n
t a
n
d
s
e
r
v
er
.
Neg
o
tiatio
n
e
n
d
if
t
h
e
clie
n
t
a
cc
ep
ts
th
e
Qo
S
o
r
if
h
e
r
ef
u
s
e
s
it
FUN
2
E
NV
2
: A
clie
n
t c
an
b
e
i
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
r
ee
s
tate
s
(
p
r
o
p
o
s
e,
ac
ce
p
t o
r
r
ef
u
s
e)
.
T
h
e
clien
t
ca
n
o
n
l
y
ac
ce
p
t
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
i
f
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es a
v
alu
e
o
f
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
FUN
3
E
NV
3
: A
tr
ad
er
ca
n
eith
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
v
alu
e
o
f
Qo
S o
r
r
ef
u
s
es to
o
f
f
er
th
e
s
er
v
ice.
th
e
tr
ad
er
ca
n
o
n
l
y
r
e
f
u
s
e
n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
i
f
all
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
s
r
ef
u
s
e
to
o
f
f
er
an
y
Qo
S
o
r
if
th
e
clien
t
r
ef
u
s
e
all
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
alu
es
o
f
Qo
S
FUN
4
E
NV
4
: a
s
er
v
er
ca
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
o
r
r
ef
u
s
e
to
o
f
f
er
an
y
Qo
S
T
h
e
v
alu
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
is
al
w
a
y
s
le
s
s
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
FUN
5
E
NV
5
: v
alu
e
s
o
f
Qo
S
ar
e
al
wa
y
s
p
o
s
iti
v
e.
T
h
e
tr
ad
er
al
w
a
y
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
v
alu
e
s
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
o
r
eq
u
al
th
e
v
alu
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
clien
t
FUN
6
T
h
e
clien
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
v
al
u
e
h
e
w
a
n
t
s
,
t
h
en
th
e
tr
ad
er
s
ee
k
s
t
h
e
b
est
v
a
lu
e
les
s
t
h
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
t
h
at
v
alu
e
i
n
all
s
er
v
er
s
FUN7
4
.
2
.
Ref
ine
m
ent
S
t
ra
t
eg
y
Af
ter
s
p
ec
i
f
y
i
n
g
o
u
r
n
e
g
o
tiati
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
r
r
ec
tly
,
w
e
p
r
es
en
t
o
u
r
r
ef
i
n
e
m
en
t
s
tr
ate
g
y
.
W
e
s
tar
t
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
n
ab
s
tr
ac
t
m
o
d
el
(
f
i
r
s
t
r
ef
i
n
e
m
e
n
t)
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
o
u
r
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
n
w
e
w
ill
en
r
ich
it
b
y
ad
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
a
s
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
s
(
s
ec
o
n
d
r
ef
i
n
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
ir
d
r
ef
in
e
m
e
n
t)
.
I
n
m
o
r
e
d
etail
s
,
h
er
e
is
o
u
r
r
ef
in
e
m
en
t stra
te
g
y
:
a.
First
r
ef
i
n
e
m
e
n
t:
I
n
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ac
to
r
s
s
tates
(
clien
t,
tr
ad
er
an
d
s
er
v
er
s
)
an
d
th
e
b
asic lo
g
ic
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
FU
N
1
,
FUN
2
,
FUN
3
,
FUN
4
,
E
NV
1
,
E
NV
2
,
E
NV
3
an
d
E
NV
4
)
b
.
Seco
n
d
r
ef
in
e
m
e
n
t:
in
t
h
i
s
r
ef
in
e
m
e
n
t,
w
e
in
cl
u
d
e
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
v
al
u
es
a
n
d
h
o
w
t
h
e
ac
to
r
s
m
a
y
ch
a
n
g
e
it
w
h
ile
n
eg
o
tiat
in
g
w
it
h
a
s
er
v
e
r
(
FUN
5
,
E
NV
5
an
d
E
NV
6
)
.
c.
T
h
ir
d
r
ef
in
e
m
en
t: la
s
tl
y
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
ab
le
to
n
eg
o
tiate
w
i
th
m
u
lt
ip
le
s
er
v
er
s
(
FU
N
7
)
.
4
.
3
.
F
irst
Ref
ine
m
ent
:
Sp
ec
if
y
ing
Act
o
rs S
t
a
t
es
As
it
is
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
b
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
s
tar
t
b
y
m
o
d
eli
n
g
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tates
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ac
to
r
s
.
Her
e
is
o
u
r
f
ir
s
t c
o
n
tex
t o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t r
e
f
i
n
e
m
en
t
:
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t
w
h
ic
h
is
th
e
s
t
atic
p
ar
t
o
f
a
r
ef
in
e
m
e
n
t,
w
e
d
ef
i
n
e
th
e
s
et
ST
A
T
E
as
a
p
ar
ti
tio
n
o
f
th
e
all
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
tate
s
i
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
a
n
ac
to
r
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
w
e
ad
d
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
tate
th
at
w
e
h
av
e
ca
lled
―w
ait‖
;
t
h
is
s
tate
is
t
h
e
i
n
itiali
za
tio
n
s
tate.
W
e
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
e
f
in
e
m
en
t
(
m
ac
h
i
n
e)
;
we
s
tar
t b
y
th
e
i
n
v
ar
ian
t t
h
a
t a
r
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
at
m
u
s
t b
e
p
r
es
er
v
ed
d
u
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
:
C
O
N
T
E
X
T
c
o
nt
e
xt
0
S
E
T
S
S
T
A
T
E
C
O
N
S
T
A
N
T
S
pr
o
po
se
r
e
f
us
e
ac
c
e
pt
wai
t
A
X
IO
M
S
axm
1:par
t
i
t
i
o
n(
S
T
A
T
E
,
{p
r
o
po
se
},
{r
e
f
us
e
},
{a
c
c
e
pt
},
{wai
t
})
E
N
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
1
7
:
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0
4
5
–
2
0
5
3
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I
n
th
ese
i
n
v
ar
ian
t
s
,
w
e
d
ef
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n
e
S_
s
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en
t
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A
T
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th
at
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o
t
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al
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ce
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t,
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e
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a
m
e
g
o
f
o
r
T
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s
t
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r
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d
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r
s
tate)
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t
h
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er
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er
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n
d
t
h
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tr
a
d
er
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e
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o
t
allo
w
ed
to
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ce
p
t
th
e
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
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th
e
clien
t
is
t
h
e
o
n
l
y
ac
to
r
th
at
m
a
y
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ce
p
t
th
e
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
t
h
i
s
is
w
h
y
C
_
s
t
m
a
y
b
e
eq
u
al
a
n
y
s
tate.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
s
o
m
e
i
n
v
ar
ia
n
t
th
at
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
tate
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o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
i
f
th
e
clie
n
t
is
in
t
h
e
ac
ce
p
t
s
tate
th
e
tr
ad
er
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
th
e
s
tate
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
(
in
v
6
)
,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
t
h
at
a
clien
t
ca
n
n
o
t
ac
ce
p
ts
a
n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
i
f
th
e
tr
ad
er
d
id
n
o
t p
r
o
p
o
s
es a
Qo
S v
alu
e.
No
w
w
e
ca
n
in
i
tialize
o
u
r
v
ar
iab
le
w
it
h
―w
ait‖
v
al
u
e.
B
esid
e
th
e
in
itializa
tio
n
ev
e
n
t
w
e
h
a
v
e
m
o
r
e
ev
e
n
ts
t
h
at
ar
e
ab
le
to
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
s
tate
s
o
f
th
e
ac
to
r
s
w
h
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
all
t
h
e
i
n
v
ar
ian
ts
.
C
lie
n
t_
p
r
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p
o
s
e
is
th
e
e
v
en
t
th
at
s
tar
ts
a
n
e
w
n
eg
o
tia
tio
n
;
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e
ca
n
s
tar
t
a
n
e
w
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
o
n
l
y
if
w
e
e
n
d
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
o
n
e,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
is
n
o
t in
t
h
e
s
tate
―
p
r
o
p
o
s
e‖
.
W
h
en
a
clien
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
v
alu
e
o
f
Qo
S,
th
e
tr
ad
er
s
w
itc
h
es
h
is
s
tate
to
―
p
r
o
p
o
s
e‖
to
s
tar
t n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
w
it
h
s
er
v
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
er
v
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es o
r
r
ef
u
s
es
n
eg
o
tiatio
n
i
f
an
d
o
n
l
y
if
t
h
e
t
r
ad
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es.
T
h
e
o
n
ly
ca
s
e
w
h
er
e
th
e
tr
ad
er
w
ill
r
ef
u
s
e
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
i
s
w
h
e
n
all
s
er
v
er
s
r
ef
u
s
e
n
e
g
o
t
iatio
n
,
an
d
th
en
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
e
n
d
s
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
s
clie
n
t.
T
h
e
clien
t r
ef
u
s
es a
n
eg
o
tiat
io
n
if
h
e
is
n
o
t sati
s
f
ied
w
i
th
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
v
al
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
tr
ad
er
.
VA
R
IA
B
LE
S
S
_
st
C
_
st
T
_
st
INVAR
IA
N
T
S
i
nv
1:
S
_
st
∈
S
T
A
T
E
i
nv
2:
S
_
st
≠
a
c
c
e
pt
i
nv
3:
C
_
st
∈
S
T
A
T
E
i
nv
4:
T
_
st
∈
S
T
A
T
E
i
nv
5:
T
_
st
≠
a
c
c
e
pt
i
nv
6:
C
_
st
=
a
c
c
e
pt
⇒
T
_
st
=
p
r
o
po
s
e
i
nv
7:
T
_
st
=
r
e
f
us
e
⇒
C
_
st
≠
a
c
c
e
p
t
i
nv
8:
T
_
st
=
r
e
f
us
e
⇒
S
_
st
=
r
e
f
us
e
i
nv
9:
S
_
st
=
p
r
o
po
se
⇒
T
_
st
=
p
r
o
po
s
e
INI
TI
A
L
ISA
TI
O
N:
T
H
E
N
a
ct
1:
S
_
st
≔
wa
i
t
a
ct
2:
C_
st
≔
wa
i
t
a
ct
3:
T
_
st
≔
wa
i
t
E
N
D
C
l
i
en
t
_
p
r
o
p
o
s
e:
W
H
E
R
E
g
rd
1:
C_
st
=
wa
i
t
g
rd
2:
T
_
st
≠
p
ro
p
o
se
T
H
E
N
a
ct
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C_
st
≔
p
ro
p
o
se
E
N
D
Tr
a
d
er
_
p
r
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p
o
s
e:
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H
E
R
E
g
rd
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C_
st
=
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ro
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o
se
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H
E
N
a
ct
1:
T
_
st
≔
p
ro
p
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se
E
N
D
Ser
v
er
_
r
efu
s
e:
W
H
E
R
E
g
rd
1:
T
_
st
=
p
ro
p
o
se
T
H
E
N
a
ct
1:
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st
≔
ref
u
se
E
N
D
Tr
a
d
er
_
r
efu
s
e:
W
H
E
R
E
g
rd
1:
C_
st
=
p
ro
p
o
se
g
rd
2:
S
_
st
=
ref
u
se
T
H
E
N
a
ct
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T
_
st
≔
ref
u
se
a
ct
2:
C_
st
≔
ref
u
se
E
N
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
o
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p
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A
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4
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4
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Seco
nd
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e
nt:
M
o
delin
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Neg
o
t
ia
t
io
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a
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r
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m
en
t,
w
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r
ese
n
t
th
e
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s
e
o
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ce
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e
n
e
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o
tiatio
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)
.
Mo
r
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er
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e
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e
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o
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en
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th
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T
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p
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t V
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t b
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t n
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l
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R
E
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rd
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C_
st
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ro
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C_
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T
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N
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l
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c
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H
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R
E
g
rd
1:
T
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ro
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H
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N
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C_
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N
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X
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ext
1
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M
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Vserver_
ma
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Vserver_
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0
E
N
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INVAR
IA
N
T
S
i
n
v1:
Vcl
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ℕ
i
n
v2:
Vserver
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i
n
v3:
Vt
ra
d
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∈
ℕ
i
n
v4:
Vservi
ce
∈
ℕ
i
n
v5:
Vcl
i
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t
≥
Vt
ra
d
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i
n
v6:
Vt
ra
d
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Vse
rver
i
n
v7:
T
_
st
=
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ro
p
o
se
⇔
Vt
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n
v8:
S
_
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=
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ro
p
o
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⇔
Vserver
≠
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n
v9:
(
C_
st
=
p
ro
p
o
se
∨
C_
st
=
a
cc
ep
t
)
⇔
V
cl
i
en
t
≠
0
i
n
v10:
Vserver ≤
Vse
r
ver_
ma
x
a
ct
4:
Vcl
i
en
t
≔
0
a
ct
5:
Vserver
≔
0
a
ct
6:
Vt
ra
d
er
≔
0
a
ct
7:
Vservi
ce
≔
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
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u
g
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s
t
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1
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2050
T
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y
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f
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i
n
t
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t
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er
v
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e
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t T
r
ad
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th
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m
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s
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es to
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t
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t C
li
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e:
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t
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d
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if
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t
is
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ati
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th
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f
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e
m
a
y
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p
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g
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n
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n
th
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th
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v
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th
e
v
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t
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t
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w
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at
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t
C
lie
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t_
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ce
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t:
Clie
nt
_
p
r
op
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e
:
A
N
Y
va
l
›
W
H
E
R
E
…
g
rd
3:
va
l
∈
ℕ
g
rd
4:
va
l
≠
0
T
H
E
N
a
ct
1:
C_
st
≔
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ro
p
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se
a
ct
2:
Vcl
i
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t
≔
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l
E
N
D
Tr
a
d
er
_
p
r
o
p
o
s
e:
A
N
Y
va
l
W
H
E
R
E
g
rd
1:
C_
st
=
p
ro
p
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se
g
rd
2:
va
l
∈
ℕ
g
rd
3:
va
l
≤
Vcl
i
en
t
g
rd
4:
va
l
≥
Vse
rver
g
rd
5:
va
l
≠
0
T
H
E
N
a
ct
1:
T
_
st
≔
p
ro
p
o
se
a
ct
2:
Vt
ra
d
er
≔
va
l
E
N
D
Ser
v
er
_
p
r
o
p
o
s
e:
A
N
Y
va
l
W
H
E
R
E
g
rd
1:
T
_
st
=
p
ro
p
o
se
g
rd
2:
va
l
∈
ℕ
g
rd
3:
va
l
≤
Vt
ra
d
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g
rd
4:
va
l
≠
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rd
5:
va
l
≤
Vse
rver_
ma
x
T
H
E
N
a
ct
1:
S
_
st
≔
p
ro
p
o
se
a
ct
2:
Vserver
≔
va
l
E
N
D
Ser
v
er
_
r
efu
s
e:
W
H
E
R
E
g
rd
1:
T
_
st
=
p
ro
p
o
se
T
H
E
N
a
ct
1:
S
_
st
≔
ref
u
se
a
ct
2:
Vserver
≔
0
E
N
D
a
ct
3:
Vt
ra
d
er
≔
0
a
ct
4:
Vcl
i
en
t
≔
0
a
ct
4:
Vcl
i
en
t
≔
0
a
ct
5:
Vt
ra
d
er
≔
0
a
ct
6:
Vserver
≔
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
o
r
ma
l S
p
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tio
n
o
f Q
o
S
N
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tia
tio
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in
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ystem
(
A
b
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ma
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Ja
r
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)
2051
4
.
5
.
T
hird Re
f
i
ne
m
ent
:
Neg
o
t
ia
t
io
n w
it
h
M
u
lt
ipl
e
S
er
v
er
s
I
n
th
is
las
t
r
ef
in
e
m
e
n
t,
w
e
allo
w
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
n
e
g
o
tiate
w
it
h
m
u
ltip
le
s
er
v
er
s
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
w
h
en
th
e
clie
n
t g
et
s
t
h
e
Qo
S v
al
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
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e
m
a
y
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e
n
o
t sati
s
f
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d
w
it
h
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n
d
r
ef
u
s
es t
h
e
n
e
g
o
t
iatio
n
.
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n
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
tr
ad
er
s
tar
ts
n
eg
o
tia
t
in
g
w
i
th
an
o
t
h
er
s
er
v
er
th
at
m
a
y
o
f
f
er
a
b
etter
Qo
S.
T
o
m
o
d
el
th
i
s
,
w
e
n
ee
d
to
d
ef
in
e
a
s
et
o
f
s
er
v
er
s
in
o
u
r
s
y
s
te
m
i
llu
s
tr
ated
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t b
elo
w
:
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m
i
lar
l
y
,
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e
d
ef
i
n
e
n
e
w
t
wo
v
ar
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les.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
v
ar
iab
l
e
is
s
er
v
er
w
h
ich
r
ep
r
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t
s
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
er
v
er
t
h
at
w
e
ar
e
n
eg
o
tia
tin
g
w
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th
.
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h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
is
Ser
v
er
s
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ested
w
h
ich
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ep
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ese
n
t
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th
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et
o
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at
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h
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v
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o
t n
e
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w
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th
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et.
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r
e
th
a
n
t
h
at
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
ad
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itio
n
al
in
v
ar
ia
n
t:
I
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
a
s
t
h
e
p
r
ev
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u
s
r
ef
i
n
e
m
en
t,
w
e
r
ef
i
n
e
also
th
e
e
v
en
ts
o
f
m
ac
h
i
n
e
1
.
I
n
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
,
w
e
r
ef
in
e
t
h
e
i
n
itia
lizatio
n
ev
e
n
t:
I
n
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
e
v
er
y
n
e
w
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
,
t
h
e
clie
n
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
Qo
S
as
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
b
ef
o
r
e,
at
th
is
s
tag
e,
w
e
i
n
itiate
t
h
e
s
et
Ser
v
e
r
s
_
No
t_
T
ested
as a
ll th
e
s
er
v
e
r
s
o
f
o
u
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
t
h
e
ev
e
n
t
C
lie
n
t_
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
:
T
h
e
tr
ad
er
is
th
e
o
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
i
b
le
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
to
n
eg
o
tiate
w
i
th
;
th
i
s
s
er
v
er
is
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h
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
et
Ser
v
er
s
_
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ea
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t
h
at
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h
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et
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t
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m
p
t
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in
t
h
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t
T
r
a
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er
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p
r
o
p
o
s
e
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
g
u
ar
d
:
A
l
s
o
,
th
i
s
ac
tio
n
p
ick
s
a
s
er
v
er
f
r
o
m
Ser
v
er
s
_
No
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T
ested
:
W
h
en
a
s
er
v
er
r
ef
u
s
e
s
to
o
f
f
er
a
Qo
S,
w
e
r
e
m
o
v
e
i
t
f
r
o
m
Ser
v
er
s
_
No
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T
ested
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
w
e
w
o
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t
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it
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e
s
a
m
e
s
e
v
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o
v
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a
n
d
o
v
er
ag
ai
n
.
T
h
e
ac
tio
n
allo
w
i
n
g
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
f
r
o
m
Ser
v
er
s
_
No
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T
ested
in
th
e
ev
en
t Ser
v
er
_
r
ef
u
s
e
i
s
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g:
T
h
e
tr
ad
er
r
ef
u
s
es
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
if
an
d
o
n
l
y
i
f
all
th
e
s
er
v
er
s
r
e
f
u
s
e
to
o
f
f
er
a
Qo
S
w
h
ich
m
e
an
th
at
w
e
r
e
m
o
v
ed
all
th
e
s
er
v
er
s
f
r
o
m
Ser
v
er
s
_
No
t_
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[8
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T
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Hi
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.