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201
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SS
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8708
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1.
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RO
D
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y
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atic
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k
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w
in
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ca
p
ac
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t
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[
1
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E
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Had
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C
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[
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T
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[
4
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T
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ac
r
o
s
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t
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ce
ll
[
5
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,
[
6
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.
So
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f
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w
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o
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L
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atc
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n
g
i
s
r
eq
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ir
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f
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[
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.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
r
esu
l
ts
w
er
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
E
k
e
an
d
Sen
tu
r
k
an
d
th
eir
r
esu
lt
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
an
a
f
ter
o
n
e
y
ea
r
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ab
o
u
t
3
0
%
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
a
d
u
al
-
a
x
is
s
u
n
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
a
n
th
e
latit
u
d
e
-
tilt
f
i
x
ed
s
y
s
te
m
[
9
]
.
Du
s
t
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
s
o
lar
m
o
d
u
les
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
ef
f
ec
ts
i.e
.
f
ir
s
tl
y
b
y
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itta
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
g
lass
co
v
er
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
l
y
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
n
g
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
n
g
o
p
tical
s
y
s
te
m
[1
0
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
Du
s
t
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
lik
e
m
ater
ial,
s
ize,
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
,
h
u
m
id
it
y
,
tilt
,
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
lo
ca
tio
n
,
s
ea
s
o
n
al
ef
f
ec
t
etc
[
1
3
]
-
[1
6
].
I
n
a
p
ar
tiall
y
s
h
ad
o
w
ed
ce
l
l
th
e
s
h
ad
o
w
ed
p
o
r
tio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
y
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
w
h
er
e
as
t
h
e
u
n
s
h
ad
ed
p
ar
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ill
u
m
in
ated
p
ar
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
ias
th
e
p
ar
allel
r
ec
t
if
ier
.
A
s
t
h
e
s
h
ad
o
w
ed
ar
ea
is
s
m
a
ll
a
lar
g
e
cir
cu
lat
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
e
s
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
h
ea
tin
g
.
T
h
u
s
t
h
e
d
a
m
ag
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
s
h
ad
o
w
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
b
y
p
ass
d
io
d
e
.
T
h
e
b
y
p
as
s
d
io
d
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
alter
n
ativ
e
p
ath
f
o
r
th
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
h
e
n
ce
th
e
d
a
m
a
g
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
E
v
en
d
u
e
to
s
h
ad
in
g
e
f
f
ec
t
m
u
ltip
le
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
ts
ex
is
t
o
n
th
e
P
V
cu
r
v
e
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
th
e
p
v
u
s
er
g
en
er
all
y
w
a
n
ts
t
h
e
p
v
s
y
s
te
m
to
o
p
er
ate
at
it
s
h
ig
h
e
s
t
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
o
p
er
atin
g
at
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
an
y
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ch
a
n
g
es [
1
8
].
2.
F
ACTOR
S AF
F
E
CT
I
N
G
T
H
E
O
UT
P
U
T
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE O
F
T
H
E
P
V
M
O
DUL
E
Stu
d
ies
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
at
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
w
h
ic
h
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
p
v
m
o
d
u
le.
W
h
ile
d
esig
n
in
g
a
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
th
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
i
v
en
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
f
o
r
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
w
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
r
ea
l
tim
e
b
asis
o
n
th
e
m
o
n
th
o
f
Ma
r
c
h
in
th
e
ter
r
ac
e
o
f
ca
m
p
u
s
3
b
lo
ck
A
,
s
ch
o
o
l
o
f
e
lectr
ical
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
KI
I
T
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
B
h
u
b
an
e
s
w
ar
,
I
n
d
ia.
A
3
7
w
a
t
t P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
m
ak
e
Vik
r
a
m
So
lar
w
as
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
i
s
g
i
v
en
as
b
elo
w
.
A
s
o
lar
m
eter
w
as
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
lev
el.
R
esi
s
tan
c
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
etec
t
o
r
w
as
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
v
m
o
d
u
le.
A
v
o
lt
m
eter
an
d
a
m
m
eter
o
f
d
c
ty
p
e
w
as
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t.
A
r
h
eo
s
ta
t
w
a
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
o
r
v
ar
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
esis
ta
n
ce
w
h
ic
h
ac
ts
lik
e
a
l
o
ad
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
o
ilin
g
a
n
d
s
h
ad
in
g
test
t
w
o
n
o
s
o
f
p
v
m
o
d
u
le
s
o
f
s
a
m
e
r
atin
g
was
u
s
ed
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
d
u
s
t
y
p
a
n
el
w
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
th
a
t
o
f
th
e
clea
n
p
an
el
an
d
u
n
s
h
ad
ed
p
an
el
w
it
h
s
h
ad
ed
o
n
e.
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
lls
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
I
-
V
cu
r
v
e
an
d
P
-
V
c
u
r
v
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
i
s
g
i
v
en
as b
elo
w
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sp
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
Mo
d
u
le
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
O
p
e
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
h
o
r
t
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
3
7
w
a
t
t
2
1
.
8
v
o
l
t
2
.
4
0
a
m
p
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
1
7
.
2
0
v
o
l
t
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
A
r
e
a
L
e
n
g
t
h
W
i
d
t
h
2
.
2
0
a
m
p
e
r
e
0
.
3
6
7
m
2
6
6
.
5
c
m
5
5
.
2
c
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ea
l ti
m
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
etu
p
f
o
r
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
p
v
m
o
d
u
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
:
3
1
9
0
–
3
1
9
7
3192
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
th
i
s
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
an
al
y
s
is
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
li
k
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
an
g
le
o
f
til
t,
s
o
ilin
g
a
n
d
s
h
ad
i
n
g
ar
e
tak
e
n
to
s
ee
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
t
h
ese
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
o
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
th
e
p
v
m
o
d
u
le.
3
.
1
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
I
rr
a
dia
nce
As
t
h
e
Su
n
’
s
p
o
s
it
io
n
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
a
y
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
also
k
ee
p
s
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
w
it
h
it.
I
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
is
ar
o
u
n
d
1
2
:0
0
to
1
:0
0
p
m
a
n
d
s
l
o
w
l
y
it
g
o
es
o
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
.
K
ee
p
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
li
k
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
al
co
n
t
en
t
co
n
s
tan
t
b
o
th
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
i
t
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
o
p
en
cir
cu
i
t
v
o
l
t
ag
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
i
n
ten
s
it
y
o
f
r
a
d
iatio
n
.
A
s
t
h
e
n
o
o
f
p
h
o
to
n
s
s
tr
i
k
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
p
h
o
to
n
g
e
n
er
ated
cu
r
r
en
t a
ls
o
i
n
cr
ea
s
es.
T
ab
le
2
.
Valu
es
o
f
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
an
d
I
r
r
ad
ian
ce
at
r
eg
u
la
r
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
al
T
i
me
i
n
h
o
u
r
s
I
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
(
w
a
t
t/m
2
)
M
a
x
i
mu
m
P
o
w
e
r
(
W
a
t
t
)
1
0
:
0
0
-
1
1
:
0
0
1
1
:
0
0
-
1
2
:
0
0
7
0
0
8
0
0
1
4
.
4
1
5
.
8
1
2
:
0
0
-
1
3
:
0
0
8
4
2
1
6
.
4
1
3
:
0
0
-
1
4
:
0
0
1
4
:
0
0
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1
5
:
0
0
1
5
:
0
0
-
1
6
:
0
0
7
5
6
5
8
4
3
5
2
1
5
.
4
1
1
.
6
6
.
4
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sh
o
w
s
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
w
i
th
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
d
a
y
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sh
o
w
s
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
i
r
r
ad
ian
ce
Fro
m
th
e
r
ea
l
t
i
m
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
co
n
d
u
cted
f
r
o
m
m
o
r
n
in
g
1
0
a
m
to
4
p
m
it
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ea
r
l
y
h
o
u
r
s
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
w
as
le
s
s
w
h
er
e
as
it
r
ea
ch
ed
its
p
ea
k
at
ar
o
u
n
d
1
2
:0
0
to
1
:0
0
p
m
an
d
ag
ain
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
u
n
’
s
p
o
s
itio
n
th
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cted
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y
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th
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m
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l
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p
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f
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r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
th
e
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co
m
p
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ed
w
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h
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at
o
f
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clea
n
m
o
d
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le.
Mo
tase
m
Said
a
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g
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ted
th
at
th
e
d
eg
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ad
atio
n
in
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
o
n
s
o
ilin
g
co
n
d
it
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is
6
.
2
4
%
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n
an
ex
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o
s
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ay
[
1
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]
.
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g
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le
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y
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e
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Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
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75 d
e
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e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
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I
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N:
2088
-
8708
E
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Fro
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F
ig
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p
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Fig
u
r
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if
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u
r
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f
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ad
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ticles,
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h
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atch
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d
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.
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ab
le
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s
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cr
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m
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ab
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.
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f
f
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m
p
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r
es
%
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h
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Ef
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(
%)
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6
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c
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r
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f
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3,
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4,
10
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ane
l
2
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san
d
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3
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ay
…
m
ax
p
o
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r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
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Dec
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b
er
201
7
:
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1
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3196
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
Sh
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f
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r
d
if
f
er
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n
t s
h
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
Sh
o
w
s
P
V
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
h
ad
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
W
ith
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
s
o
lar
r
ad
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n
s
tr
i
k
in
g
t
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e
m
o
d
u
le
m
ax
i
m
u
m
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n
cr
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s
w
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ic
h
is
ex
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m
e
n
tall
y
o
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tain
ed
at
ar
o
u
n
d
1
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m
.
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t
with
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y
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s
e
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e
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t
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o
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d
th
at
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y
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e
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at
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m
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er
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e.
W
ater
co
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th
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el
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r
e
g
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lar
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v
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n
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ce
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ec
t.
D
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s
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lar
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P
V
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t
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it
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h
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el.
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h
e
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V
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(
d
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)
/
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clea
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ar
o
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d
9
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f
o
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m
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KI
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Un
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.
RE
F
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R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
D.
J.
M
b
e
w
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
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lar
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ll
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m
d
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sig
n
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”
S
o
l.
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
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l/
iss
u
e
:
3
5
(3
)
,
p
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.
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4
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5
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,
1
9
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.
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SHADE
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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C
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N:
2088
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8708
E
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P
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tp
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f th
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(
A
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jya
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P
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)
3197
[2
]
E
.
H
.
Ch
a
h
id
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
F
a
c
to
rs
o
n
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
Ce
ll
P
a
ra
m
e
ters
E
x
trac
ti
n
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
IJ
ECE
,
v
ol
/
issu
e
:
7
(
1
)
,
pp
.
50
-
5
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
G
.
S
.
A
n
to
n
a
n
d
D.
P
a
c
h
o
n
,
“
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
V
o
c
v
s.
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
u
n
d
e
r
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
c
o
n
c
e
n
trate
d
il
lu
m
in
a
ti
o
n
,
”
1
7
th
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
o
l
a
r E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
fer
e
n
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e
,
M
u
n
ic
h
,
G
e
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m
a
n
y
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
–
1
5
9
,
2
0
0
1
.
[4
]
R.
K.
M
a
th
u
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
rm
a
l
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
rm
it
ies
in
c
o
n
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n
trato
r
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o
l
a
r
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e
ll
s
,
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o
l.
Ce
ll
s
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
–
1
8
8
,
1
9
8
4
.
[5
]
R.
W
.
S
a
n
d
e
rso
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
o
f
n
o
n
u
n
if
o
rm
il
lu
m
in
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ti
o
n
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n
d
tem
p
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ra
tu
re
p
ro
f
il
e
s
o
n
sil
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c
o
n
so
lar
c
e
ll
s
u
n
d
e
r
c
o
n
c
e
n
trate
d
su
n
li
g
h
t
,
”
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
re
c
o
rd
,
1
4
th
IEE
E
P
VS
C
,
p
p
.
4
3
1
–
4
3
6
,
1
9
8
0
.
[6
]
F
.
Ch
e
n
l
o
a
n
d
M
.
Cid
,
“
A
li
n
e
a
r
c
o
n
c
e
n
trato
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
m
o
d
u
le:
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
rm
il
lu
m
in
a
ti
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n
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p
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r
a
tu
re
e
ff
e
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ts
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n
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
,
”
S
o
l.
Ce
ll
s
,
v
o
l.
20
,
p
p
.
27
–
39
,
1
9
8
7
.
[7
]
M
o
u
sa
z
a
d
e
h
H
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
p
rin
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ip
le
a
n
d
su
n
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trac
k
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g
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
m
a
x
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m
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g
so
lar
sy
ste
m
s
o
u
tp
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t
,
”
Ren
e
w
S
u
st
En
e
rg
y
Rev
,
v
o
l
.
13
,
p
p
.
1
8
0
0
–
18
,
2
0
0
9
.
[8
]
L
a
z
a
ro
iu
G
.
C
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
m
p
a
ra
t
iv
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
f
i
x
e
d
a
n
d
s
u
n
trac
k
in
g
lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
P
V
sy
ste
m
s
c
o
n
sid
e
rin
g
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
,
”
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
M
a
n
a
g
e
,
v
o
l.
92
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
–
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
Ek
e
R
.
a
n
d
S
e
n
tu
rk
A
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
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riso
n
o
f
a
d
o
u
b
le
-
a
x
is
su
n
trac
k
in
g
v
e
rsu
s
f
ix
e
d
P
V
s
y
ste
m
,
”
S
o
la
r
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
86
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
5
–
72
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
M
.
M
.
M
u
sth
a
f
a
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
in
g
P
h
o
to
e
lec
tri
c
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
Ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
S
o
lar
P
a
n
e
l
b
y
W
a
t
e
r
Co
o
li
n
g
,
”
J
Fu
n
d
a
m
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
A
p
p
l,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
M
.
S
a
id
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ex
p
e
rim
e
n
ta
l
stu
d
y
o
n
th
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
d
u
st
d
e
p
o
siti
o
n
o
n
so
lar
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h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
a
n
e
ls
in
d
e
se
rt
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
,
”
El
se
v
ier
,
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
92
,
pp
.
4
9
9
-
5
0
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
S
a
th
y
a
n
a
ra
y
a
n
a
P
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
S
h
a
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
S
o
lar P
V
P
a
n
e
l
,
”
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
P
o
we
r,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
1A
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
Is
m
a
il
M
.
S
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
v
a
rio
u
s
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
so
lar
ra
d
iati
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
P
a
les
ti
n
ian
terri
to
ries
,”
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
M
a
n
a
g
e
,
pp
.
7
3
5
7
–
68
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
4
]
A.
Y
.
Al
-
Ha
sa
n
,
“
A
n
e
w
c
o
rre
latio
n
f
o
r
d
irec
t
b
e
a
m
so
lar
ra
d
iatio
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
b
y
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
a
n
e
l
w
it
h
sa
n
d
d
u
st
a
c
c
u
m
u
lt
e
d
o
n
it
s su
rf
a
c
e
,
”
S
o
la
r
e
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
63
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
3
2
3
-
3
3
3
,
1
9
9
8
.
[1
5
]
A.
A
H
e
g
a
z
y
,
“
E
ff
e
c
t
o
f
d
u
st
a
c
c
u
m
u
latio
n
o
n
s
o
lar
tran
sm
it
n
c
e
th
ro
u
g
h
g
las
s
c
o
v
e
s
o
f
p
late
ty
p
e
c
o
ll
e
c
to
rs,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le en
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
22
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
5
2
5
-
5
4
0
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
6
]
A.
M.
El
Na
sh
a
r,
“
E
ff
e
c
t
o
f
d
u
st
d
e
p
o
siti
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
so
lar
d
e
sa
li
n
a
ti
o
n
p
lan
to
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
in
a
rid
d
e
se
t
a
re
a
,
”
S
o
la
r E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
75
(
5
)
,
pp.
4
2
1
-
4
3
1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
7
]
M.
S.
E
l
S
h
o
b
o
k
sh
y
a
n
d
F
.
M
.
Hu
ss
a
in
,
“
De
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
h
o
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