Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
,
pp. 334
3
~
33
49
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v10
i
4
.
pp3343
-
33
49
3343
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http
://i
je
ce.iaesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Compar
ative stu
dy of the p
rice p
en
alty
fa
cto
rs approa
ches
for
Bi
-
objec
tive disp
atch pr
ob
lem via
PSO
Moham
med
A
mi
ne M
ez
iane
1
, You
sse
f M
oul
ou
di
2
,
A
b
delgh
an
i
Draoui
3
1
,2
,
3
Depa
rt
ement
of
E
lectr
i
ca
l
En
gine
er
ing, Univers
ity
of Tahr
i
M
ohamm
ed,
Bec
h
ar,
Alg
eria
1,2,3
Sm
art
Grids a
nd
Ren
ewa
bl
e Ene
rgi
es
L
abor
a
tor
y
(SG
RE)
,
Al
ger
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
ul
28, 2
018
Re
vised
Jan
2
4
,
20
20
Accepte
d
Fe
b 2
, 2
020
One
of
the
m
ai
n
obje
ctives
of
el
ectricit
y
disp
at
ch
c
ent
e
rs
is
to
sche
dul
e
the
oper
a
ti
on
of
ava
i
la
bl
e
gene
r
a
ti
ng
unit
s
to
m
ee
t
the
req
u
ire
d
l
oad
demand
at
m
ini
m
um
o
per
ating
cost
with
m
ini
m
um
emiss
ion
le
vel
ca
used
b
y
foss
il
-
base
d
po
wer
pla
n
ts.
Find
ing
the
right
ba
la
nc
e
be
twee
n
t
he
fue
l
cost
the
gre
en
gase
m
issions
is
ref
fer
ed
as
Com
bi
ned
Ec
onom
ic
a
nd
Emiss
ion
Dispatc
h
(C
EED
)
proble
m
which
is
one
of
the
important
o
pti
m
iz
atio
n
proble
m
s
rel
a
ted
the
op
erati
on
m
oder
n
power
sy
stems
.
The
Par
ti
cle
Sw
arm
Optimiza
ti
o
n
a
lg
orit
hm
(PS
O)
is
a
stoch
asti
c
optim
iz
at
ion
techniq
ue
which
is
inspire
d
from
t
he
socia
l
le
arn
ing
of
birds
or
fish
es.
It
is
expl
oi
ted
to
solve
CEE
D
proble
m
.
Thi
s
pap
er
ex
a
m
ine
s
the
impa
c
t
of
six
p
ena
l
t
y
fac
tors
li
ke
"M
in
-
Max",
"M
ax
-
Max",
"M
in
-
Min",
"M
ax
-
Mi
n",
"A
ver
age
"
and
"Comm
on"
pric
e
penalt
y
f
ac
to
rs
for
solving
CEE
D
proble
m
.
The
Pri
c
e
Penal
t
y
Fa
ct
or
f
or
the
CE
ED
is
the
ra
ti
o
of
fu
el
cost
to
emiss
ion
val
u
e.
Thi
s
bi
-
objecti
v
e
dispat
ch
probl
em
is
inve
stiga
t
ed
in
the
Real
W
est
Alger
ia
power
net
work
consisti
ng
of
22
buses
with
7
gene
rat
ors
.
Result
s
prove
ca
pab
il
i
t
y
of
PS
O
in
solving
C
E
ED
proble
m
wit
h
var
ious
p
ena
l
t
y
f
actors
and
it
prov
es
that
M
in
-
Max
pri
ce
p
e
nal
t
y
factor
pro
vide
s
th
e
best
c
om
prom
ise
soluti
on
in
comp
ari
son t
o
th
e
oth
er
pen
al
t
y
fa
ct
or
s.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Bi
-
obj
ect
ive
d
i
sp
at
ch
problem
Com
bin
ed
ec
onom
ic
e
m
iss
ion
disp
at
c
h
Partic
le
swa
rm
optim
iz
at
ion
Pr
ic
e
pen
al
ty
fa
ct
or
Re
al
W
est
Alge
ria
el
ect
rical
netw
ork
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Moh
am
m
ed
A
m
ine Mez
ia
ne
,
Faculty
of S
ci
e
nce a
nd Tec
hnology,
Dep
a
r
t
e
m
ent o
f
Elec
tric
al
Enginee
rin
g,
Sm
art Gr
ids a
nd
Re
new
a
ble E
nergies La
bora
tory (SGRE
)
,
Un
i
ver
sit
y o
f Ta
hr
i M
oham
m
ed,
BP 417,
0800
0 B
echar
, Alge
ria.
Em
a
il
:
a
m
ine
m
oh
m
ezi
ane@gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ele
ct
ric
util
it
y
syst
e
m
s
are
interco
nnect
ed
t
o
achieve
hig
h
operati
ng
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
an
d
t
o
pro
du
ce
chea
p
el
ect
rici
ty
wit
h
m
ini
m
u
m
pr
od
uction
c
os
t
,
m
axi
m
u
m
reli
abili
ty
,
and
bette
r
operat
ing
c
onditi
on
s
[1
]
.
The
op
ti
m
al
p
ow
e
r
fl
ow
pro
blem
(O
PF)
is
an
im
po
rtant
too
l
in
operati
on
an
d
c
on
t
ro
l
of
la
rg
e
m
od
e
rn
pow
e
r
syst
e
m
s,
it
was
first
discuss
e
d
by
Ca
rp
e
ntier
in
1962
[
2],
the
m
ai
n
pu
r
po
s
e
of
OP
F
i
s
to
fi
nd
t
he
optim
al
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
of
ge
ner
at
or
s
to
m
ini
m
iz
e
t
he
total
ge
ne
r
at
ion
c
os
t
an
d
sat
isfy
the
eq
ualit
y
and
ine
qu
al
it
y
const
raints.
O
pe
rati
ng
at
abs
ol
ute
m
ini
m
u
m
cost
can
no
lo
ng
e
r
be
the
on
ly
crit
erion
for
disp
at
chin
g
el
ect
ric
powe
r
due
to
increasi
ng
c
on
c
ern
ov
e
r
the
en
vir
on
m
ental
is
su
es.
T
he
ge
ne
rati
on
of
el
ect
r
ic
it
y
fr
om
fo
ss
il
fu
el
resou
rces
relea
ses
sever
al
co
ntam
inants,
suc
h
as
SOx,
N
Ox
a
nd
CO
2
i
nto
the
at
m
os
ph
ere
[
3
]
.
I
n
this
pape
r
the
use
d
te
rm
Eco
nom
ic
Di
sp
at
ch
Pro
blem
(ED
)
is
t
he
short
-
te
rm
wh
ic
h
refe
rs
to
the
determ
inati
on
of
the opti
m
al
o
utp
ut
of a
num
ber
of
elec
tric
it
y gen
e
rati
on fa
ci
li
ti
es.
The
ai
m
of
ever
y
gen
e
rati
ng
sta
ti
on
is
to
pr
oduce
el
ect
rici
ty
at
the
lowes
t
po
ssi
blefu
el
consum
ption
and
em
issi
on
r
at
es,
but
the
se
two
c
onstrai
nts
can
no
t
be
m
etsi
m
ultaneou
sly
.
N
owadays
,th
e
dem
and
for
e
nergy
is
increasing
a
t
a
hig
h
pace,
wh
ic
h
m
akes
i
t
hig
hly
cru
ci
a
l
to
ru
n
ge
nerat
or
s
at
ver
y
m
ini
m
al
cost.
This
is
the
m
a
in
go
al
of
a
n
Ec
onom
i
c
Disp
at
c
h
Pro
blem
.
W
it
h
th
e
excep
ti
on
al
pro
du
ct
io
n
of
carbo
n
em
issi
o
ns
by
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3343
-
3349
3344
therm
al
po
we
r
plants
[4
]
,
t
he
en
vironm
ental
issues
has
be
com
e
a
big
co
ncern
wh
ic
h
ha
s
to
be
ad
dre
ssedto
m
itigate
the
e
ff
ect
s
of
poll
ut
ion
a
nd
he
nc
e
recti
fy
pro
bl
e
m
of
gl
obal
war
m
ing
.
T
herefo
re,
pro
du
ct
i
on
of
el
ect
rici
ty
with
an
opti
m
iz
ed
costat
a
lowe
r
gr
ee
n
gas
em
missi
on
sact
s
as
t
wo
vital
par
ts
of
ec
onom
ic
disp
at
ch
pro
blem
.
Pr
oduction
at
the
m
ini
m
u
m
cost
resu
lt
in
a
relat
ively
hig
h
am
ou
nt
of
em
issi
on
s.
Si
m
il
arly
,
e
ns
ur
i
ng
m
ini
m
u
m
gas
e
m
issi
on
s
lim
i
ts
the
pr
od
uction
of
util
it
ie
s
run
ning
on
fossil
fu
el
s.
I
n
orde
r
to
fin
d
a
rig
ht
balance
i
n
t
he
present
t
rad
e
off,
t
his
op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
pr
ob
le
m
can
be
m
od
el
le
d
asa
m
ulti
-
obj
ect
ive
functi
on
(Econ
om
ic
/
E
missi
on)
w
hich
involve
s
m
i
ni
m
iz
at
ion
of
the
cost
functi
on
of
producin
g
e
le
ct
rical
ener
gy
and
m
ini
m
iz
at
ion
of the
g
as
em
iss
ion
f
un
ct
io
n, by
sati
sfying
t
he
constraints
of
bo
t
h functi
ons.
In
t
he
m
od
el
ing
of
the
bi
-
obj
ect
ive
eco
nom
ic
disp
at
ch
pro
blem
,
the
pr
e
sentc
om
par
at
ive
stu
dy
exam
i
nes
different
ty
pes
of
the
c
on
st
rain
ts
an
d
va
rio
us
ty
pes
of
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
factor
s
.
T
he
fo
ll
owi
ng
par
am
et
ers
are
consi
der
e
d:
a.
Fu
el
c
os
t a
nd e
m
issi
on
fu
nctions are
m
od
el
le
d
as
seco
nd
order p
olyn
om
ial
fun
ct
io
n for
both.
b.
The follo
wing
ty
pes
of
pr
ic
e
pen
al
ty
f
ac
t
or
s
are use
d for th
e m
ult
i
-
obj
ect
ive
disp
at
c
h pro
blem
:
-
Min
-
Ma
x p
rice pe
nalty
f
act
or
-
Ma
x
-
Ma
x pr
ic
e p
e
nalty
f
act
or
-
Min
-
Mi
n pr
ic
e
p
e
nalty
f
act
or
-
Ma
x
-
Mi
n p
rice pe
nalty
f
act
or
-
Av
e
ra
ge price
pen
al
ty
f
act
or
-
Com
m
on
p
rice
p
e
nalty
f
act
or
c.
T
ype
of
c
onstr
ai
nts to be
sat
is
fied
a
re:
-
Loa
d/supp
ly
ba
la
nce
-
Mi
ni
m
u
m
/
m
axi
m
u
m
lim
it
s o
f
the e
nergy
pro
du
ce
d by the
generat
or
s
-
Transm
issi
on
li
ne
losse
s
In
orde
r
t
o
overco
m
e
the
ab
ov
e
il
lustrate
d
draw
bac
ks
,
he
ur
ist
ic
m
et
ho
do
l
og
ie
s
ha
ve
been
un
de
r
researc
h
f
or
s
olv
in
g
CEE
D
pro
blem
.
In
the
past
the
tra
di
ti
on
al
m
e
tho
ds
us
e
d
to
s
olve
this
eco
no
m
i
c
loa
d
disp
at
c
h
prob
l
e
m
are
the
La
m
bd
a
it
erati
on
m
et
ho
d,
G
ra
dient,
New
t
on,
li
near
pro
gram
m
ing
an
d
i
nter
ior
po
i
nt
m
et
ho
d.
Re
ce
nt
ly
,
m
et
a
-
heu
ri
sti
c
te
chn
iqu
es
su
ch
as
Sim
ul
at
ed
Anneali
ng
,
Gen
et
ic
Alg
ori
thm
(G
A)
,
Pa
rtic
le
Sw
arm
Op
ti
m
i
zat
ion
(PSO
),
and
Ta
bu
sear
ch
al
gorithm
a
re
us
e
d
to
s
olv
e
this
pro
ble
m
[5
]
.
In
this
pape
r
,
t
he
Partic
le
Sw
arm
Op
tim
izati
on
base
d
-
a
ppr
oac
h
is
pr
opose
d
to
s
olve
the
CEED
pro
blem
.
In
or
de
r
to
facil
it
at
e
the
search
f
or
th
e
op
ti
m
iz
ed
so
lu
ti
on
,
t
he
pri
ce
pen
al
ty
fact
or
is
us
e
d
to
c
onve
rt
the
bi
-
obj
ect
iv
e
CEED proble
m
into
a sing
le
o
bject
ive fun
c
ti
on
. T
he
pro
pose
d
m
e
tho
d h
as b
een e
xam
i
ned
a
nd
test
ed on
a r
eal
gr
i
d
in
west A
l
ger
ia
wh
ic
h
co
ns
ist
s of a
22
-
bus syst
em
o
f
220 K
vvoltage
l
evel. Sati
sfact
ory
si
m
ulati
on
re
su
lt
s
sh
ow t
he
e
ff
ect
iveness
of t
he pr
opos
e
d
al
gor
it
h
m
.
2.
MA
T
HEM
AT
ICAAL F
ORMUL
ATIO
N OF
CEED P
R
OBL
EM
The bi
-
obj
ect
iv
e f
un
ct
io
n for
CEED
pro
blem
[
6
-
12]
is g
i
ve
n
as
foll
ows:
=
(
)
+
×
(
)
=
∑
(
)
=
1
=
∑
(
2
+
+
)
=
1
(1)
w
he
re
F
c
is
the
total
fu
el
cost
of
the
syst
e
m
is,
n
g
is
the
nu
m
ber
of
gen
e
rato
rs,
P
Gi
is
real
power
ge
ner
at
io
n
of
a g
e
ner
at
or
uni
t i
, and
a
i
,
b
i
an
d
c
i
ar
e
the c
os
t c
oeff
ic
ie
nts o
f
the
i
th
ge
ner
at
in
g u
ni
t.
=
∑
(
2
+
+
)
=
1
(2)
w
he
re,
is
total
em
issi
on
;
,
,
are
em
issi
on
coe
ff
ic
ie
nts
of
ge
ner
at
in
g
unit
i
in
[kg/M
W
2
h],
[kg/M
Wh
]
and [
kg
/
h] r
es
pe
ct
ively
.
Pr
ic
e
pen
al
ty
f
act
or
ℎ
is use
d
t
o
c
onve
rt the
bi
-
obj
ect
ive CEE
D op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
p
r
oblem
into a si
ngle
ob
j
ect
ive
[6
-
13]
pro
blem
:
=
∑
[
(
(
2
+
+
)
)
+
ℎ
(
(
2
+
+
)
)
]
=
1
(3)
w
he
re,
F
T
is t
otal
CEED
f
uel c
os
t
;
h
i
is p
rice pe
nal
ty
f
act
or
.
3.
PRI
CE
PEN
A
LT
Y
FA
CTO
RS
(PPF
)
The
PPF
[
6,
11,
13
-
23]
f
or
CEED
pro
ble
m
is
fo
rm
ulated
ta
king
the
r
at
io
f
uel
c
os
t
and
em
issi
on
value o
f
the
corres
pondin
g ge
ner
at
or
s
as
fo
ll
ow
s:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Comparati
ve st
ud
y
o
f t
he pric
e p
e
na
lt
y f
acto
rs ap
pr
oac
hes f
or
B
i
-
obje
ct
iv
e d
is
pa
tc
h
…
(
Youssef M
oulo
ud
i
)
3345
-
Min
-
Ma
x p
rice
pe
nalty
facto
r i
s d
esc
ribe
d
as
:
ℎ
=
a
i
P
Gi
,
m
in
2
+
b
i
P
Gi
,
m
in
+
c
i
α
i
P
Gi
,
m
ax
2
+
β
i
P
Gi
,
m
ax
+
i
(4)
-
Ma
x
-
Ma
x
p
ric
e
pe
nalty
f
act
or is
descr
i
bed a
s
:
ℎ
=
a
i
P
Gi
,
m
ax
2
+
b
i
P
Gi
,
m
ax
+
c
i
d
i
P
Gi
,
m
ax
2
+
e
i
P
Gi
,
m
ax
+
i
(5)
-
Min
-
Mi
n pr
ic
e
p
e
nalty
f
act
or
is desc
ribe
d
as:
ℎ
=
a
i
P
Gi
,
m
in
2
+
b
i
P
Gi
,
m
in
+
c
i
α
i
P
Gi
,
m
in
2
+
β
i
P
Gi
,
m
in
+
i
(6)
-
Ma
x
-
Mi
n p
rice pe
nalty
f
act
or
is desc
ribe
d
as:
ℎ
=
a
i
P
Gi
,
m
ax
2
+
b
i
P
Gi
,
m
ax
+
c
i
α
i
P
Gi
,
m
in
2
+
β
i
P
Gi
,
m
in
+
i
(7)
-
Av
e
ra
ge price
pen
al
ty
f
act
or is f
or
m
ulate
d
as
:
ℎ
=
∑
ℎ
4
1
4
(8)
-
Com
m
on
p
rice
p
e
nalty
f
act
or
is form
ulate
d
as:
ℎ
=
ℎ
4
(9)
wh
e
re:
n
is
op
e
rati
on
al
ge
ner
a
ti
ng
un
it
.
4.
CONSTR
AI
N
TS
4.1.
Power b
alanc
e constr
aint
s
[24]
W
he
re,
P
G
,
P
De
man
d
a
nd
P
L
oss
are
the
total
ge
ner
at
e
d
powe
r,
load
de
m
and
and
tra
ns
m
issio
n
li
ne
l
os
s
of the syst
em
r
especti
vely
. T
r
ansm
issi
on
li
ne
loss
c
onstrai
nt can be
g
i
ve
n as
,
[
25
]
:
P
G
=
∑
P
i
=
P
De
man
d
+
P
L
oss
n
i
=
1
(10)
w
he
re,
P
i
,
a
nd
P
j
is
the
act
ive
po
wer
of
unit
i
i
h
an
d
j
i
h
respec
ti
vely
.
B
ij
,
B
0
i
an
d
B
00
is
the
transm
issi
on
loss
coeffic
ie
nts.
P
L
=
∑
∑
P
i
B
ij
P
j
n
i
=
j
+
∑
B
0i
P
i
n
i
=
1
+
B
00
n
i
=
1
(11)
4.2.
Genera
t
or
li
m
its
The
powe
r
outp
ut
of
eac
h
ge
ner
at
or
is
restrict
ed
by
m
ini
m
u
m
and
m
axi
m
u
m
powe
r
li
m
it
s,
is give
n
a
s:
P
Gi
min
≤
P
Gi
≤
P
Gi
max
(12)
5.
PAR
TI
C
AL S
WA
RM OPTI
MIZ
ATION
ALGO
RITH
M
Partic
le
swarm
op
tim
iz
ation
PS
O
is
a
po
pula
ti
on
-
base
d
optim
iz
at
ion
te
chn
iq
ue
w
hi
ch
was
first
introd
uced
by
Kenne
dy
and
Eberhart
in
1995
[2
6
]
,
ins
pi
red
by
s
ocial
beh
a
vior
of
bir
d
floc
king
or
fish
sch
oo
li
ng
in
s
earch
of
f
ood.
The
m
os
t
i
m
po
rta
nt
prom
inent
feat
ur
es
of
PSO,
c
om
par
ed
to
ot
her
e
xi
sti
ng
heurist
ic
op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
strat
egies
su
c
h
as
gen
et
ic
al
gor
it
h
m
,
are
it
s
easy
i
m
ple
m
e
ntati
on
,
t
her
e
are
fe
w
par
am
et
ers
to
adjust
an
d
c
ompu
ta
ti
on
ef
fici
ency.
I
n
a
PS
O
syst
e
m
,
par
ti
cl
es
fly
around
i
n
a
m
ulti
di
m
ension
al
search
s
pace.
Durin
g
fligh
t,
each
par
ti
cl
e
a
dju
sts
it
s
tr
aje
ct
or
y
to
wards
it
s
own
pr
e
vious
best
posit
ion
t
hi
s
value
is
cal
le
d
(
P
best
),
a
nd
to
wards
the
best
pre
vio
us
posit
ion
at
ta
ined
by
a
ny
m
e
m
ber
of
it
s
neig
hborh
oo
d
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3343
-
3349
3346
globall
y,
the
w
ho
le
s
war
m
t
his
value
is
cal
le
d
(
G
best
)
[
27
-
32
]
.
T
he
tw
o
eq
uatio
ns
w
hich
a
re
use
d
in
P
SO
a
re
velocit
y
updat
e
equ
at
io
n
(
1
3
)
and
posit
io
n
update
eq
uatio
ns
(
14
).
T
hese
a
re
to
be
m
od
ifie
d
at
each
ti
m
e
ste
p,
of PS
O
al
gorithm
to
conve
rge the
op
ti
m
u
m
so
luti
on
.
V
i
(
t
+
1
)
=
ω
V
i
(
t
)
+
c
1
r
1
[
Pbe
st
i
(
t
)
−
X
i
(
t
)
]
+
c
2
r
2
[
Gbe
st
i
(
t
)
−
X
i
(
t
)
]
(13)
(
+
1
)
(
)
+
(
+
1
)
(14)
Wh
e
re,
i
is t
he
pa
rtic
le
ind
ex;
is t
he
inerti
a coe
ff
ic
ie
nt;
are ac
cel
erati
on
c
oeffici
ents
2
2
,
1
0
c
c
;
r
r
2
,
1
are
rand
om values,
r
r
2
,
1
0
reg
e
ner
at
e
d
ev
ery velocit
y
c
c
2
,
1
update;
V
i
is t
he
par
ti
cl
es v
el
ocity
at
tim
e
t ;
X
i
is
the
par
ti
cl
es
po
sit
io
n
at
tim
e
t
;
P
b
e
s
t
is
the
pa
rtic
le
s
ind
ivi
du
al
best
so
lu
ti
on
as
of
tim
e
t;
G
b
e
s
t
is
the s
war
m
s b
es
t solutio
n
as
of
tim
e t.
6.
SIMULATI
O
N RESULTS
AND A
NA
L
Y
SIS
The
we
st al
ge
r
ia
n
powe
r
net
work
is a
22
bus syst
em
w
it
h
7
pro
duct
io
n
unit
s
.
This lat
te
r
is con
sid
ere
d
in
an
at
te
m
pt
to
s
olv
e
the
CEED
pro
ble
m
us
ing
“
Min
-
Ma
x
“
,
“
Ma
x
-
Ma
x
“
,
“
Min
-
Min
“
,
“
Ma
x
-
Min
“
,
”
A
ve
ra
ge
”
an
d
“
C
omm
on
”
pri
ce
pen
al
ty
fac
tors.
T
he
te
st
s
yst
e
m
con
sist
s
of
7
th
e
rm
al
un
it
s,
15
loa
d
bu
s
es
and
31 tra
ns
m
i
ssion
li
ne
s, 03c
om
pen
sat
or
V
ARST
ATI
C
S
VC [3*
(+
40
M
var
a
nd
)
10Mv
ar)
]
. T
he
total
syst
e
m
dem
and
is
85
6
M
W
.
T
he
dat
a
for
the
co
ns
i
der
i
ng
te
st
syst
e
m
is
sh
own
in
Ta
ble
1.
T
he
real
po
wer
li
m
it
s
of
the
gen
e
rat
ors,
fu
el
cos
t
coe
ffi
ci
ents
are
al
so
giv
en
in
the
T
able
1.
P
rogr
a
m
m
ing
of
the
CEED
us
i
ng
th
e
P
S
O
m
et
ho
d
has
be
en
a
pp
li
e
d
by
us
in
g
M
ATL
A
B
software
,
te
ste
d
on
a
C
O
RE
i5,
pe
rs
on
a
l
com
pu
te
r
with
2.20
GH
z
an
d
4
G
O
RAM
.
Ta
ble
2
s
how
so
l
ution
of
CEE
D
p
r
oble
m
with
diff
e
re
nt
pr
ic
e
pen
al
ty
fact
or
s
su
c
h
as
“M
in
-
Ma
x”
,
“
Ma
x
-
Ma
x”,
“
Mi
n
-
Mi
n”,
“M
ax
-
Mi
n”
,
A
ve
r
age
an
d
C
omm
on
.
Table
3
com
par
es
the
resu
lt
s
ob
ta
ine
d
with
al
l
six
pe
nalty
factors.
As
il
lu
strat
ed
in
Ta
ble
2
t
he
res
ults
sh
ow
an
acce
pt
able
im
pr
ov
e
m
ent
i
n
the
fuel
cost,
a
nd
t
otal
fu
el
co
st
CEED
of
th
e
syst
e
m
wh
en
us
in
g
the
Mi
n
-
Ma
x
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
factor
c
om
par
ed
to
oth
e
r
pen
al
t
y
factor
s
.
Th
e
e
m
issi
on
val
ue
is
le
ss
wh
e
n
usi
ng
Ma
x
-
Ma
x
pr
ic
e
pen
al
ty
factor
i
n
c
om
par
iso
n
with
t
he
oth
e
r
pen
al
ty
fact
or
s
.
T
he
Ma
x
-
Mi
n
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
facto
r
i
s
bette
r
in
te
rm
s
of
th
e
lowe
st
tra
nsm
issi
on
loss c
om
par
ed t
o
ot
her pe
nalty
f
act
ors
.
Table
1.
22
bus syst
em
d
at
a
Gen
erator
Nu
m
b
e
rs
Gen
erator
li
m
its [
MW]
Fu
el cos
t coef
f
icien
ts
[
]
[
]
[
$
/
MW
2
h
]
[
$
/
MWh
]
[
$
/
h
]
1
100
500
0
.00
7
7
.5
240
2
50
200
0
.00
8
7
200
3
80
300
0
.00
8
5
7
.5
220
4
50
150
0
.00
9
7
200
5
50
200
0
.00
9
9
220
6
50
120
0
.00
7
5
10
190
7
10
80
0
.00
9
6
.3
180
Table
2
.
So
l
ution o
f
CEE
D p
r
ob
le
m
u
sin
g
P
SO
with
va
rio
us p
rice pe
nalty
factors
P
rice
P
en
alty
Fact
o
r
s
Data
Fro
m
SONE
LG
AZ
[30
]
Min
-
Max
Max
-
M
ax
Min
-
Min
Max
-
Min
Av
erage
Co
m
m
o
n
1
[
MW]
200
1
0
0
.0000
1
0
0
.0000
1
0
0
.0000
1
0
0
.0000
1
0
0
.0000
1
0
0
.0000
2
[
MW]
200
2
0
6
.2277
1
8
6
.6597
2
4
6
.9342
2
1
0
.3191
1
6
4
.5518
1
8
5
.9998
3
[
MW]
300
1
8
8
.3
0
7
3
2
1
9
.3888
2
2
4
.8282
1
9
1
.1794
2
5
7
.3631
2
3
6
.7597
4
[
MW]
80
1
3
0
.3337
9
6
.39
0
1
1
3
8
.6912
1
4
1
.6869
5
6
.52
7
9
6
0
.86
3
7
5
[
MW]
100
1
2
4
.7016
1
2
4
.0204
6
5
.86
6
7
6
0
.05
1
6
1
3
5
.4592
1
0
5
.7232
6
[
MW]
100
8
8
.44
1
5
8
6
.76
1
0
6
3
.06
9
6
1
0
9
.6222
7
3
.19
2
8
1
0
4
.4470
7
[
MW]
10
1
9
.54
3
2
5
0
.22
7
6
2
7
.01
0
8
4
3
.48
4
2
7
3
.64
6
4
8
3
.20
9
7
Po
wer
Los
s [
M
W
]
2
1
.4
2
0
.88
2
2
0
.17
5
2
0
.08
7
1
7
.40
9
2
1
.55
0
1
9
.04
9
Total o
u
tp
u
t [
MW
]
990
8
5
7
.5555
8
6
3
.4476
8
6
6
.4007
8
5
6
.3434
8
6
0
.7412
8
7
7
.0031
Po
wer
d
e
m
an
d
[
MW
]
856
856
856
856
856
856
856
Gen
erat
io
n
cos
t[
$
/h
]
9
1
0
4
.4
4
8
8
9
2
.0
8
8
9
9
.4
9
0
8
9
.8
8
9
0
4
.5
8
9
0
9
.5
9040
E
m
iss
io
n
[
Kg
/h
]
*
1
0
9
6
.1
1
0
7
8
.1
1
2
2
8
.9
1
1
9
6
.5
1
1
0
1
.4
1
2
2
5
.5
Total co
st[
$
/h
]
*
1
0
9
0
3
1
4
4
0
6
1
8
9
8
5
3
6
8
6
3
3
2
3
4
6
4
0
6
4
0
Te
m
p
s [
S]
*
0
.09
5
1
1
2
0
.10
6
1
9
8
0
.08
0
9
1
4
0
.08
4
4
2
3
0
.09
6
3
3
2
0
.09
6
9
5
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Comparati
ve st
ud
y
o
f t
he pric
e p
e
na
lt
y f
acto
rs ap
pr
oac
hes f
or
B
i
-
obje
ct
iv
e d
is
pa
tc
h
…
(
Youssef M
oulo
ud
i
)
3347
Table
3
. C
om
par
iso
n of sim
ul
at
ion
resu
lt
s
ob
ta
ined fr
om
“Mi
n
-
Ma
x”
,
“M
ax
-
Ma
x”,
“Mi
n
-
Mi
n”
, “Ma
x
-
Mi
n”
,
“Av
e
ra
ge”,“Co
m
m
on
” pric
e pe
nalty
f
act
ors
Criterion
Min
-
Max
p
rice
p
en
alty
f
acto
r
Max
-
M
ax
p
rice
p
en
alty
f
acto
r
Min
-
Min
p
rice
p
en
alty
f
acto
r
Max
-
Min
p
rice
p
en
alty
f
acto
r
Av
erage
p
rice
p
en
alty
f
acto
r
Co
m
m
o
n
p
rice
p
en
alty
f
acto
r
Po
wer
Los
s
[
M
W
]
100
%
9
6
.61
%
9
6
.19
%
8
3
.37
%
1
0
3
.19
%
9
3
.03
%
Gen
eration
cos
t[
$
/h
]
100%
1
0
0
.10
%
1
0
2
.22
%
1
0
0
.14
%
1
0
0
.19
%
1
0
0
.23
%
E
m
iss
io
n
[
Kg
/h
]
10
0
%
9
8
.36
%
1
1
2
.12
%
1
0
9
.16
%
1
0
0
.48
%
1
0
3
.52
%
Total co
st[
$
/h
]
100%
1
3
2
.13
%
1
7
4
.12
%
3
3
8
.09
2
9
6
.67
%
6
5
2
.79
%
Figure
1
s
how
cl
early
that
the
converge
nce
prof
il
e
obta
ine
d
by
PSO
al
go
rithm
of
fu
ncti
on
s
s
uc
h
as
CEED
total
cost,
ge
ner
at
io
n
cost,
em
issi
on
cost
an
d
tra
ns
m
issi
on
loss
wh
e
n
us
in
g
Mi
n
-
Ma
x,
Ma
x
-
Ma
x,
Min
-
Min
,
Ma
x
-
Mi
n,
ave
ra
ge
and
c
omm
on
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
factor
s
is
faster
and
m
or
e
eff
e
ct
ive,
wh
ic
h
pro
ve
s
that
the
pr
op
ose
d
al
gorithm
has
m
or
e
abili
ty
to
find
the
opt
i
m
al
po
ints
in
a
search
sp
ace
com
par
ed
with
data
pro
vid
e
d
by
S
ON
E
LG
AZ
,
th
e
com
pan
y
w
hi
ch
is
in
c
ha
rge
of
ope
rati
ng
the
ab
ove
m
entioned
g
rid
of
west
of
Alge
ria [
30
]
.
Fr
om
F
igure
1
(a)
,
t
he
va
riat
ion
of
CEE
D
f
ue
l
cost
values
of
the
bi
-
obj
ec
ti
ve
disp
at
c
h
pro
blem
us
ing
Min
-
Ma
x
pr
ic
e
pen
al
ty
facto
r
are
the
lo
we
st
com
par
ed
to
oth
er
penal
ty
factors.
Sim
i
lar
ly
,
th
e
var
ia
ti
on
of
fu
el
c
os
t
valu
es
of
t
he
bi
-
obj
ect
iv
e
dis
patch
pro
blem
us
ing
Mi
n
-
Ma
x
pr
ic
e
pen
al
ty
f
act
or
are
t
he
lowes
t
com
par
ed
t
o
oth
e
r
pen
al
ty
factors,
se
e
F
i
gure
1(b
).
Lik
ewise,
acc
ordi
ng
to
F
ig
ur
e
1
(c
)
th
e
var
ia
t
ion
of
e
m
issi
on
val
ue
s
of
the
bi
-
obj
ect
i
ve
dis
pat
ch
prob
le
m
usi
ng
Ma
x
-
Ma
x
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
facto
r
has
m
i
nim
u
m
po
ll
utio
n
co
nt
ro
l
c
om
par
ed
to
ot
her
pnal
ty
factors.
Fin
al
ly
,
Fr
om
F
igure
1
(
d)
the
va
riat
ion
of
powe
r
lossv
al
ues
of
t
he
bi
-
ob
j
ect
ive
disp
at
c
h
pro
bl
e
m
us
ing
Ma
x
-
Mi
n
pri
ce
pe
na
lt
y
factor
has
l
ow
est
tra
ns
m
i
ssion
powe
r
loss
c
om
par
ed
to
oth
e
r penalt
y fact
ors.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure
1. Co
nverg
e
nce c
urve
for fu
nctio
ns
s
uch as
,
(a
)
CE
ED
(
com
p
ariso
n of CE
ED
tot
al
co
st
us
in
g v
ario
us
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
fa
ct
or
s
)
, (b
)
fu
e
l cost
(
c
om
par
ison o
f ge
ne
rati
on cost
u
si
ngva
rio
us
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
f
act
eu
r
)
,
(c)
em
issi
on
va
lue
(
c
om
par
iso
n of em
issi
on
val
ue
usi
ng
var
i
ou
s
price
pen
al
ty
f
act
eur
)
, (d
)
p
owe
r
loss
(
com
par
iso
n of p
ow
e
r
l
os
s
us
i
ng v
a
rio
uspric
e p
e
nalty
f
act
eur
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x
1
0
4
I
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
C
E
E
D
T
o
t
a
l
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s
t
[
$
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M
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I
t
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G
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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9
10
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
I
t
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
I
t
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r
a
t
i
o
n
s
P
o
w
e
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L
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[
M
W]
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r
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r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
3343
-
3349
3348
7.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
pa
pe
r,
the
i
m
pact
of
p
rice
pen
al
ty
fa
ct
or
s
on
the
s
ol
ution
of
the
bi
-
obj
ect
ive
power
syst
em
econom
ic
disp
at
ch
optim
iz
ation
prob
le
m
i
s
exam
ined
on
el
ect
ric
gr
i
d
of
west
al
geri
a
wh
ic
h
c
ons
ist
s
of
22
-
Bus
syst
em
.
T
he
Partic
le
Sw
arm
Op
ti
m
i
zat
ion
al
gorith
m
is
propose
d
for
s
olv
i
ng
t
he
com
bin
ed
eco
no
m
ic
e
m
issi
on
dis
pa
tc
h
pro
blem
.
On
the
basis
of
res
ults
obta
ined
s
om
e
con
cl
us
i
on
s
are
m
ade:
t
he
sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
s
how
t
hat
Mi
n
-
Ma
x
pr
ic
e
pen
al
ty
f
act
or
yi
el
ds
a
m
ini
m
u
m
gen
erati
on
c
os
t
for
bi
-
ob
j
ect
ive
powe
r
disp
at
c
h
pro
ble
m
.
The
res
ults
sho
w
t
hat
th
e
m
ini
m
u
m
e
m
issi
on
val
ues
a
re
le
ss
i
n
Ma
x
-
Ma
x
pri
ce
pe
nalty
factor
c
om
par
ed
to
oth
e
r
pe
na
lt
y
factor
s.
The
Ma
x
-
Mi
n
pri
ce
pen
al
ty
factor
is
bette
r
in
te
rm
s
of
the
lowes
t
transm
issi
on
lo
ss co
m
par
e
d
to
o
the
r pe
nalty
fa
ct
ro
r
s.
In
S
umm
ary,
it
has
bee
n
s
ho
wn
that
t
he
m
i
nim
u
m
ov
erall
cost
f
or
t
he
bi
-
obj
ect
ive
po
wer
syst
em
disp
at
c
h
op
ti
m
iz
at
ion
pro
blem
can
be
ob
ta
ined
us
in
g
Mi
n
-
Ma
x
Pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
factor
.
From
T
able
2
the
CEE
D
fu
el
c
os
t
valu
es
are
sig
nific
antly
lowe
r
w
it
h
Mi
n
-
Ma
x
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
factor
by
32.
13%
i
n
c
om
par
ison
to
the
so
l
utio
n
us
ing
Ma
x
-
Ma
x
pr
ic
e
pe
nalty
factor
.
The
res
ul
ts
al
so
sho
w
t
hat
the
em
issio
n
val
ues
a
re
le
ss
in
Ma
x
-
Ma
x pr
ic
e p
e
nalty
f
act
or
by 1.68%
w
he
n
c
om
par
ed
t
o
Mi
n
-
Ma
x p
rice pe
nalty
f
act
or.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
Au
t
hors
woul
d
li
ke
to
tha
nk
the
hea
ds
of
La
borato
ry
of
A
naly
sis,
Con
tr
ol
a
ndO
pti
m
iz
at
ion
of
Ele
ct
ro
-
Ene
rg
e
ti
c
Syst
e
m
s
(CA
OS
EE
)
a
nd
La
borat
ory
of
Sm
art
Gr
ids
&
Re
new
a
ble
E
nergies
(ENER
G
ARI
D
)
at
the
unive
rs
it
y TAH
RI
Mo
ham
m
ed,
Béch
ar (Alge
ria).
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Senthi
l
Kri
shna
m
urth
y
,
Ra
y
n
itc
hka
Tz
on
eva
.
"
Dec
om
positi
on
-
Coordina
ti
ng
M
et
hod
for
Para
l
l
el
Soluti
on
of
a
Multi
Area
Com
bine
d
E
con
om
ic
Emiss
ion
Dispatc
h
Problem,"
In
te
rnational
Jour
nal
of
El
e
ct
ri
cal
and
Computer
Engi
ne
ering
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
ol
.
6
,
no
.
5,
pp.
2048
-
206
3,
Octob
er
2016
.
[2]
H.
W
ang,
C.
E
.
Murill
o
-
Sanch
ez,
R.
D.
Z
imm
erman
and
R.
J.
T
hom
as,
"O
n
Co
m
puta
ti
onal
Iss
u
es
of
Marke
t
-
Ba
sed
Optimal
Pow
er F
low,
" i
n
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons on Power
Syst
ems
,
vol.
22
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
1185
-
1193
,
Au
g.
2007
.
[3]
Moham
m
ed
A
m
ine
Mez
i
ane,
Yous
sef
Mouloudi,
"A
n
E
ffe
ct
iv
e
Non
-
Tra
d
i
ti
onal
Algori
th
m
for
Solving
the
Problem
of
Optimal
Pow
er
Fl
ow
with
Mini
m
um
Envi
ronme
ntal
Pollut
i
on
Us
ing
Price
Penal
t
y
Fa
ct
ors
,
"
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
Con
trol and A
utomat
ion
,
v
ol. 11,
no.
2,
p
p.
55
-
74
,
2018
[4]
Fasee
la
C
.
K.,
H.
Vennil
a
,
"Ec
onom
ic
and
Emiss
ion
Dispatc
h
using
W
hal
e
Optimiza
t
ion
Alg
orit
hm
(W
OA
)
,"
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ri
c
al
and
Comput
er
Engi
n
ee
ring
(
IJE
CE)
,
v
ol
.
8
,
no
.
3,
pp.
1297
-
130
4,
June
2018.
[5]
S.
Dhana
l
akshm
i,
S.
Kanna
n
,
K.
Maha
d
eva
n
a
nd
S.
B
aska
r
,
"A
ppli
ca
t
ion
of
m
odifi
ed
NS
GA
-
II
al
gori
thm
to
Com
bine
d
Ec
on
om
ic
and
Emi
s
sion
Dispatc
h
p
roble
m
,
"
Inte
rn
ati
onal
Journal
of
E
le
c
tric
al
Powe
r
&
Ene
r
gy
Syste
ms
,
vol
.
33
,
no.
4,
pp.
992
–
1
002,
Ma
y
2011.
[6]
S.
Hem
amali
ni
and
S.
P.
Sim
on
,
"M
ac
la
ur
in
serie
s
-
base
d
La
gr
a
ngia
n
m
et
hod
for
ec
onom
ic
di
spatc
h
with
va
lve
-
point
eff
e
ct
,
"
in
IET
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ase
d
gra
vi
tation
al
sea
r
ch
a
lgori
t
hm
for
combined
ec
onom
ic
and
e
m
ission
disp
at
ch
proble
m
s
of
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wer
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y
st
ems
,
"
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rnational
Jour
nal
of
Elec
tri
cal
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r
&
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l
Krishna
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urth
y
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Ra
ynit
chk
a
Tz
on
eva,
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ga
ti
on
of
the
Methods
for
Single
ar
ea
and
Multi
ar
e
a
Optimiza
ti
o
n
of
a
Pow
er
S
y
st
em
Dispatc
h
Proble
m
,
"
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Inte
rnatio
nal
rev
i
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ispat
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S.
Krishnam
urthy
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e
va,
"
Im
pac
t
of
Price
Pena
lty
Fa
ct
ors
on
the
Sol
uti
on
of
th
e
Co
m
bine
d
Ec
onom
ic
Emiss
ion
Dispatc
h
Problem
u
si
ng
Cubic
Cr
it
er
ion
Functi
ons,"
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IEEE
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En
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urth
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.
T
zo
neva
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"Com
par
a
ti
ve
Ana
l
y
s
es
of
Min
-
Max
and
Max
-
Max
Pric
e
Penalt
y
Fact
o
r
Approac
hes
for
Multi
Cri
te
ri
a
P
ower
S
y
stem
Di
spatc
h
P
robl
em
Us
ing
La
gra
ng
e
's
Method,
"
201
1
Inte
rnatio
na
l
Confe
renc
e
on
P
ower
and
En
ergy
Syst
ems
,
Chen
nai
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Krishnam
urth
y
and
R
.
T
zo
neva
,
"Com
par
a
ti
ve
Ana
l
y
s
es
of
Min
-
Max
and
Max
-
Max
Pric
e
Penalt
y
Fact
o
r
Approac
hes
for
Multi
Criteria
P
ower
S
y
stem
Dispatc
h
Problem
with
val
ve
po
int
eff
ect
Us
ing
Lagrange'
s
Method
,
"
2011
Inte
rnat
ion
al
Conf
ere
nce o
n
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r and
En
ergy
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val
li,
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ai
l
aj
a
,
B.
Sudhe
era
,
D
.
P.
Kothar
i,
"Com
par
ison
of
AI
te
chni
qu
es
t
o
solve
combined
ec
onom
ic
emiss
ion
dispat
ch
pr
ob
le
m
with
li
ne
flow
constra
ints
,
"
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rnatio
nal
Journal
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f
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e
ct
rica
l
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et
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ric
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t
y
f
ac
tors
Based
Approac
h
for
Com
bine
d
Ec
onom
ic
E
m
ission
Dispatch
Problem
Solu
t
io
n
using
Dragonf
l
y
Algorit
hm
,
"
2016
Inte
rnatio
nal
Confe
ren
ce
on
Ene
rgy
Effici
ent
Te
chnol
ogi
e
s
for Su
stainabi
l
ity
(
ICEE
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rco
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za
Ze
rig
at
,
e
t
al
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,
"S
olut
i
on
of
Com
bine
d
Ec
onom
ic
and
Emiss
ion
Dispatc
h
proble
m
s
usi
ng
Gala
x
y
-
base
d
Sear
ch
Algor
it
h
m
,
"
J. E
l
ec
tri
cal
Syste
ms
,
vol
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80,
2013
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Comparati
ve st
ud
y
o
f t
he pric
e p
e
na
lt
y f
acto
rs ap
pr
oac
hes f
or
B
i
-
obje
ct
iv
e d
is
pa
tc
h
…
(
Youssef M
oulo
ud
i
)
3349
[16]
Senthi
l
Krishna
m
urth
y
,
R
a
y
nitc
hka
Tz
on
eva,
"I
m
pac
t
of
Price
Penal
t
y
Fa
ct
ors
on
the
Soluti
on
of
the
Com
bined
Ec
onom
ic
Emiss
ion
Dispatc
h
P
roble
m
u
sing
C
ubic
Cri
te
r
ion
Functi
ons
,"
2012
IEE
E
Powe
r
an
d
Ene
rgy
So
ciet
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Gene
ral M
e
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,
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.
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n
Im
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Parti
c
le
Sw
arm
Opti
mi
zation
for
Ec
on
om
ic
Dispatc
h
with
Carbon
Tax
Considera
ti
ons
,
"
2010
Int
ernati
o
nal
Conf
ere
nce
on
Powe
r S
ystem
Tec
hnology
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hou,
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-
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T.
Th
akur
,
et
al.,
"A
Particl
e
Sw
arm
Optimiza
t
ion
Soluti
on
to
NO
2
and
SO
2
Emiss
ions
for
Envi
ronm
ent
a
l
l
y
Constrai
ned
Econom
ic
Dispatch
Problem
,”
2
006
IEE
E
/P
ES
Tr
ansm
i
ss
ion
&
D
istribut
ion
Confe
renc
e
a
nd
Ex
positi
on:
Lati
n
Ame
rica
,
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araca
s,
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,
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R.
Gnana
d
ass,
Nara
y
ana
Prasa
d
Padh
y
,
K.
Ma
niva
nnan
,
"A
ss
essm
ent
of
ava
ila
ble
tr
ansfe
r
ca
pa
bil
ity
for
pra
ct
i
c
al
power
s
y
st
ems
with
combined
ec
onom
ic
emiss
ion
di
spatc
h
,
"
in
El
e
ct
r
ic
Powe
r
Syste
ms
Re
searc
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,
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.
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,
no.
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267
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276,
Ma
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004.
[20]
Hadi
Ham
edi
,
"S
olvi
ng
the
c
om
bine
d
ec
ono
m
ic
loa
d
and
emiss
ion
dispat
ch
proble
m
s
us
ing
new
heur
ist
ic
al
gorit
hm
,
"
in
In
te
rnational
Jour
nal
of
Elec
tric
al
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r
&
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J
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ult
i
-
obje
c
ti
v
e
opti
m
al
ther
m
al
power
dispat
ch
,
"
ACE
'90.
Proce
ed
ings o
f
[
XV
I Annual
Conve
nt
ion
and
Ex
h
i
bit
ion
o
f the
IEEE
i
n
India
]
,
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Xi
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oto
ng,
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nd
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“
The
m
ult
iobj
e
ct
iv
e
opti
m
iz
ation
m
odel
of
ene
rg
y
-
eff
ic
i
ent
sch
edul
in
g
base
d
on
PS
O al
gorit
hm
,
”
2010
Asia
-
Pacific
Po
wer
and
En
ergy
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ne
ering
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nfe
renc
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P.
Venka
te
sh
,
R.
Gana
d
ass
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y
an
a
Prasad
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y
,
"
Com
par
sion
and
Applic
a
ti
on
of
evol
ut
ionar
y
progra
m
m
ing
t
ec
hniqu
es
to
combined
ec
ono
m
ic
emiss
ion
dispat
ch
with
l
ine
f
low
constra
int
s,"
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IEEE
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ansacti
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ic
sche
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r
at
ion
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sid
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n
g
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ra
tor constr
ai
nts,"
2006
Int
e
rnational
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ere
nce on Powe
r S
yste
m Tec
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i
saa
d
at,
“
Pow
er
Flow a
n
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s
is,”
M
il
wauk
ee S
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f
Eng
inee
ring
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H
il
l
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pan
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es,
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J.
Kenne
d
y
,
R.
C.
Ebe
rh
art
,
"P
a
rti
cle
sw
arm
opti
m
iz
at
ion
,”
p
roc
ee
dings
of
ICNN
'95
-
Inte
rnation
al
Confe
renc
e
o
n
Neural
Ne
tworks
,
Perth
,
W
A,
Aus
tr
al
i
a, vol
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.
1942
-
1948
,
19
95
[27]
Djil
ani
Ben
Atto
us,
Yac
ine
L
abb
i,
"P
art
icle
Sw
ar
m
Optimiza
ti
on
base
d
Optimal
Pow
er
Flow
for
Units
with
N
on
-
Sm
ooth
Fuel
Cost
Functi
ons,"
2
009
Inte
rnationa
l
Confe
ren
ce
on
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
E
le
c
tronic
s
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n
ee
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t,
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Y
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"Com
par
ing
ine
r
ti
a
l
weight
s
and
Co
nstric
ti
on
fa
ct
or
in
par
ti
c
le
Sw
ar
m
opti
m
iz
atio
n,
"
Proce
ed
ings
of
t
he
2000
Congress
on
Ev
olut
iona
ry
Computati
on.
CEC00
(
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Kenne
d
y
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J.
an
d
Ebe
rh
art
,
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C
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,
"P
art
icle
Sw
arm
Optim
a
za
t
ion,
"
p
roc
eedings
of
IC
NN'
95
-
Inte
rnat
io
nal
Confe
renc
e
on
N
eural
Ne
tworks
,
Perth,
W
A,
Aus
t
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a, vol
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5.
[30]
Moham
m
ed
Amine
M
ez
i
ane
,
Yo
uss
ef
M
ouloudi
,
Bous
m
aha
Bouchi
ba
,
Abdell
ah
La
oufi
,
"Im
pac
t
of
ine
rti
a
weigh
t
strat
eg
ie
s
in
par
t
ic
l
e
sw
arm
opti
m
iz
at
ion
for
so
lvi
ng
ec
onom
ic
d
ispat
ch
probl
em,"
Indone
sian
Journal
of
El
ec
tri
c
al
Engi
ne
ering
and
Computer
Sc
ie
n
ce
(
IJEECS)
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Sree
niv
asa
n,
Dr.
C.
H
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a
bu,
Dr.
S.
Sivan
aga
ra
ju,
"S
olut
io
n
of
D
y
namic
E
conomic
Lo
ad
Dispatc
h
(DE
L
D)
Problem wit
h
V
al
ve
Point
Loa
ding
Eff
ects
and
Ramp Ra
te
Li
m
it
s Us
ing
PS
O,"
I
nte
rnational
Jou
rnal
of
El
ec
tri
ca
l
and
Computer
E
ngine
ering
(
IJECE)
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v
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sein
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ade
h
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Sa
y
ed
Mohs
en
Nasr
-
Aza
dani,
Naz
er
eh
Janne
sar
i
,
"
Applic
a
ti
ons
of
Parti
cle
Sw
arm
Optimiza
ti
o
n
Al
gorit
hm
to
Solv
ing
the
Ec
onom
ic
Lo
ad
Dispat
c
h
of
Units
in
P
ower
S
y
stems
with
Valve
-
Poin
t
Eff
ects,"
Inte
rn
ati
onal
Journal
of
El
e
ct
ri
cal
a
nd
Computer
Engi
nee
ring
(
IJECE)
,
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Dec
ember
2014
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.