I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
,
p
p
.
1894
~
1
9
0
1
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
9
i
3
.
p
p
1
8
9
4
-
1901
1894
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
Bulk
binding
app
ro
a
ch f
o
r P
M
IPv
6
proto
co
l t
o
redu
ce hando
ff
la
tency in Io
T
Adna
n J
.
J
a
bir
De
p
a
rte
m
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
y
1
7
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
Oct
7
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
No
v
2
,
2
0
1
8
M
o
b
i
li
ty
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
ro
to
c
o
ls
a
re
v
e
r
y
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
l
in
th
e
n
e
w
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
a
re
a
o
f
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(Io
T
)
a
s
th
e
sta
ti
c
a
tt
rib
u
tes
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
a
re
n
o
lo
n
g
e
r
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
rre
n
t
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t.
P
ro
x
y
M
IP
v
6
(
P
M
I
P
v
6
)
p
ro
to
c
o
l
is
a
n
e
tw
o
rk
-
b
a
se
d
m
o
b
il
it
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
w
h
e
re
th
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
p
ro
c
e
ss
is
re
li
e
d
o
n
th
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
e
n
ti
ti
e
s,
n
a
m
e
d
,
M
o
b
il
e
A
c
c
e
ss
Ga
te
w
a
y
s
(
M
AG
s)
a
n
d
L
o
c
a
l
M
o
b
il
it
y
A
n
c
h
o
r
(L
M
A
).
P
M
I
P
v
6
is
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
a
s
th
e
m
o
st
su
it
a
b
le
m
o
b
il
it
y
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
W
S
N
a
s
it
re
li
e
v
e
s
th
e
se
n
so
r
n
o
d
e
s
f
ro
m
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
n
g
in
th
e
m
o
b
il
i
ty
sig
n
a
li
n
g
.
Ho
we
v
e
r,
in
P
M
I
P
v
6
,
a
se
p
a
ra
te
sig
n
a
li
n
g
is
re
q
u
ired
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
m
o
b
il
e
n
o
d
e
(M
N)
re
g
istratio
n
,
w
h
ich
m
a
y
in
c
re
a
se
th
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
sig
n
a
li
n
g
o
v
e
rh
e
a
d
a
n
d
lea
d
t
o
i
n
c
re
a
se
th
e
to
tal
h
a
n
d
o
ff
late
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
b
u
lk
b
in
d
in
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
w
e
r
e
u
se
d
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
si
g
n
a
li
n
g
f
o
r
MN
s
w
h
ich
a
re
m
o
v
in
g
to
g
e
th
e
r
f
ro
m
o
n
e
M
AG
to
a
n
o
th
e
r
b
y
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
a
sin
g
le
b
u
lk
b
i
n
d
i
n
g
u
p
d
a
te
m
e
s
sa
g
e
.
Ho
we
v
e
r,
in
so
m
e
c
a
se
s
th
e
re
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
se
v
e
r
a
l
M
Ns
m
o
v
e
a
t
th
e
sa
m
e
ti
m
e
b
u
t
a
m
o
n
g
d
iff
e
re
n
t
M
AG
s.
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
a
b
u
lk
re
g
istratio
n
sc
h
e
m
e
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
c
lu
ste
re
d
se
n
s
o
r
P
M
I
P
v
6
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
is
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
to
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
sig
n
a
li
n
g
c
o
st
b
y
c
re
a
ti
n
g
a
sin
g
le
b
u
lk
m
e
ss
a
g
e
f
o
r
a
ll
M
Ns
a
tt
a
c
h
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
c
l
u
ste
r.
Ou
r
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
p
ro
p
o
s
e
d
b
u
lk
sc
h
e
m
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
th
e
P
M
I
P
v
6
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
b
y
re
d
u
c
in
g
th
e
t
o
tal
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
u
lk
r
eg
i
s
tr
atio
n
C
lu
s
ter
ed
Sen
s
o
r
P
MI
P
v
6
Han
d
o
f
f
laten
c
y
P
MI
P
v
6
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
A
d
n
an
J
.
J
ab
ir
,
Dep
ar
te
m
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Sci
en
ce
,
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
B
ag
h
d
ad
,
1
0
0
7
1
,
Al
-
J
ad
r
i
y
a,
B
ag
h
d
ad
,
I
r
aq
.
E
m
ail: a
d
n
a
n
j
j
ab
ir
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
is
g
ettin
g
m
u
c
h
atten
tio
n
b
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
a
n
d
ac
ad
e
m
ia
d
u
e
to
its
n
e
w
tr
e
n
d
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
d
ev
ice
s
t
o
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
w
i
th
o
u
t
h
u
m
a
n
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
[
1
]
.
W
ir
eless
Sen
s
o
r
Net
w
o
r
k
s
(
W
SN)
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
I
o
T
w
h
ich
ar
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ized
b
y
l
o
w
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
p
o
w
er
,
co
s
t,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
,
an
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
W
ith
th
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
I
o
T
an
d
u
b
iq
u
ito
u
s
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
t
h
e
n
ee
d
h
as
e
m
e
r
g
ed
to
d
esig
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
W
SN
to
I
n
ter
n
et.
Sin
ce
I
n
ter
n
et
i
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
id
e
s
p
r
ea
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
co
n
n
ec
t
in
g
t
h
e
W
SN
to
i
t
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
ed
d
ata
is
es
s
en
t
ial
f
o
r
m
ak
in
g
t
h
e
I
o
T
in
to
a
r
ea
lit
y
[
4
]
.
I
n
teg
r
atin
g
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
(
I
P
)
w
ith
W
SN
w
o
u
ld
in
d
ee
d
f
ac
ili
tat
e
W
SN
to
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
w
i
th
o
th
er
I
P
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
to
ca
p
it
alize
th
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
I
n
ter
n
et
in
f
r
ast
r
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
I
P
-
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
o
b
ilit
y
h
as
al
s
o
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
r
ea
li
zin
g
t
h
e
I
o
T
b
y
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
“a
n
y
w
h
er
e,
an
y
t
i
m
e”
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Mo
b
ilit
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ar
e
v
er
y
ess
e
n
tia
l
in
t
h
e
n
e
w
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
o
f
I
o
T
,
it
ai
m
s
to
tr
ac
k
a
n
d
lo
ca
te
t
h
e
Mo
b
ile
No
d
es
(
MN
s
)
e
f
f
i
cien
tl
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
u
s
er
w
it
h
f
u
ll
ac
ce
s
s
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ir
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
ir
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
Ho
s
t
b
ased
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
clu
d
i
n
g
MI
P
v
6
[
7
]
,
FMI
P
v
6
[
8
]
,
an
d
H
MI
P
v
6
[
9
]
,
in
v
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
MN
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
n
d
g
e
n
er
all
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
o
v
er
h
ea
d
o
n
th
e
M
Ns
w
h
ic
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
B
u
lk
b
in
d
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
fo
r
P
MIP
v6
p
r
o
to
co
l to
r
ed
u
ce
h
a
n
d
o
ff la
ten
cy
in
I
o
T
(
A
d
n
a
n
J.
J
a
b
ir
)
1895
s
h
o
u
ld
in
s
tal
l
co
m
p
lex
m
o
b
ili
t
y
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
in
ca
s
e
w
h
er
e
an
MN
h
as
n
o
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
tr
an
s
m
it
t
h
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
r
elate
d
s
i
g
n
ali
n
g
,
h
o
s
t
-
ce
n
tr
ic
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
to
co
ls
w
ill
b
e
n
o
lo
n
g
er
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
r
elie
v
in
g
MN
s
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
i
n
m
o
b
ilit
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
n
d
r
ed
u
c
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
laten
c
y
,
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
p
ath
ar
e
in
d
ee
d
ess
e
n
tial
f
o
r
th
e
I
o
T
[
1
1
]
.
P
r
o
x
y
Mo
b
ile
I
P
v
6
(
P
MI
P
v
6
)
[
1
2
]
w
as
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
ized
b
y
t
h
e
I
E
T
F
NE
T
L
MM
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
as
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
-
b
ased
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
to
co
l
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
to
th
e
h
o
s
t
-
b
ased
p
r
o
to
co
ls
b
y
r
elo
ca
tin
g
t
h
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
MN
s
to
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
P
MI
P
v
6
a
d
d
s
t
w
o
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
en
titi
e
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
t
h
e
Mo
b
ile
A
cc
e
s
s
Gate
w
a
y
(
M
A
G)
a
n
d
th
e
L
o
ca
l
Mo
b
ilit
y
An
ch
o
r
(
L
MA
)
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
r
o
le
o
f
L
M
A
is
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
r
ea
ch
a
b
ilit
y
to
t
h
e
MN
ad
d
r
ess
w
h
ile
it
m
o
v
es i
n
t
h
e
lo
ca
l P
MI
P
v
6
d
o
m
ai
n
.
T
h
e
M
AG
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
MN
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
in
i
tiati
n
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
i
g
n
a
lin
g
to
r
eg
is
ter
t
h
e
MN
w
it
h
th
e
L
M
A
.
T
h
e
s
alien
t
f
ea
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
P
MI
P
v
6
is
its
n
et
w
o
r
k
-
b
ased
attr
ib
u
te,
in
w
h
ic
h
,
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
d
etec
ts
th
e
n
o
d
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
i
n
itiate
s
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
o
b
ilit
y
s
ig
n
al
s
,
s
o
th
at,
it
r
elie
v
es
t
h
e
MN
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
i
n
t
h
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
f
ea
t
u
r
e
allo
w
s
MN
s
w
h
ic
h
i
n
s
tal
led
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
I
P
p
r
o
to
co
l
to
r
o
am
f
r
ee
l
y
b
et
w
ee
n
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
n
ee
d
f
o
r
th
e
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
licated
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
to
co
ls
[
1
3
]
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
b
o
th
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
-
b
ased
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
P
MI
P
v
6
an
d
th
e
lo
w
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
W
SN
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
e
s
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
h
o
s
t
-
b
ased
m
o
b
ilit
y
p
r
o
to
co
ls
lik
e
MI
P
v
6
in
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t;
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
ar
e
m
o
ti
v
ated
to
u
s
e
P
MI
P
v
6
f
o
r
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
th
e
W
SN
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
th
e
SP
MI
P
v
6
w
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
I
s
la
m
i
n
[
1
4
]
as
an
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
MI
P
v
6
p
r
o
to
co
l.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
P
MI
P
v
6
f
its
w
it
h
t
h
e
W
SN
n
ee
d
s
a
s
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
lin
g
co
s
t,
m
o
b
ili
t
y
co
s
t,
an
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
in
P
MI
P
v
6
,
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
a
s
ep
ar
ate
h
an
d
o
f
f
s
ig
n
a
lin
g
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
MA
G
an
d
L
M
A
to
r
eg
is
ter
th
e
MN
’
s
n
e
w
lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
an
ex
ten
s
iv
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ig
n
ali
n
g
if
t
h
er
e
is
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
v
in
g
MN
s
[
1
5
]
.
Sev
er
al
r
esear
c
h
w
o
r
k
s
w
er
e
d
o
n
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
in
g
o
v
er
h
ea
d
b
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
th
e
b
u
l
k
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
r
in
cip
le
s
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
b
u
lk
r
eg
i
s
tr
atio
n
,
a
s
in
g
le
b
i
n
d
in
g
m
es
s
a
g
e
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
r
eg
is
ter
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MN
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
to
g
et
h
er
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
MA
G
to
an
o
t
h
er
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
MN
s
ar
e
n
o
t
al
w
a
y
s
m
o
v
i
n
g
to
g
e
th
er
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
MA
Gs,
t
h
e
y
m
a
y
m
o
v
e
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
a
m
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
MA
G
s
.
T
h
ese
MN
s
d
o
n
o
t
s
h
ar
e
a
n
y
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
p
er
ty
t
h
at
al
lo
w
s
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
u
l
k
s
ch
e
m
e
s
to
r
eg
i
s
t
er
th
e
m
b
y
a
s
i
n
g
le
b
u
lk
m
e
s
s
a
g
e.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
b
u
l
k
r
e
g
is
tr
atio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
C
l
u
s
ter
ed
Se
n
s
o
r
PM
I
P
v
6
(
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
)
[
1
6
]
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e,
n
a
m
ed
B
C
SP
MI
Pv
6
,
to
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
MN
s
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
b
u
t
b
et
w
ee
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
M
A
Gs.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
MN
s
m
o
v
e
a
m
o
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
MA
G
s
,
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
th
e
s
e
MN
s
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
cl
u
s
ter
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
r
in
cip
le
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
p
er
ty
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
M
Ns in
o
r
d
er
to
cr
ea
te
a
s
in
g
le
b
u
lk
r
e
g
is
tr
at
io
n
m
ess
a
g
e.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
R
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
s
i
g
n
ali
n
g
co
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
MN
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
to
g
eth
er
w
as
ad
d
r
ess
ed
b
y
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
e
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
e
g
r
o
u
p
id
en
ti
f
ier
w
as
f
i
r
s
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
1
7
]
to
id
en
tify
a
s
et
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
es
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
co
m
m
o
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
in
d
i
n
g
u
p
d
ate
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
a
s
et
o
f
MN
s
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
b
in
d
in
g
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
r
at
h
er
t
h
a
n
u
s
in
g
m
u
lt
ip
le
ato
m
ic
b
i
n
d
in
g
p
er
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
e
g
r
o
u
p
id
e
n
ti
f
ier
is
ex
c
h
a
n
g
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
L
M
A
a
n
d
M
A
G
s
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
r
e
-
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
o
r
r
ev
o
ca
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
a
s
e
t
o
f
MN
s
.
T
h
e
b
u
lk
r
e
-
r
e
g
is
tr
atio
n
allo
w
s
MA
G
s
to
e
x
te
n
d
t
h
e
bi
n
d
in
g
lif
e
ti
m
e
f
o
r
a
s
et
o
f
MN
s
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
g
r
o
u
p
b
y
r
eq
u
esti
n
g
a
b
u
lk
r
e
-
r
e
g
i
s
tr
atio
n
m
e
s
s
a
g
e.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
r
e
-
r
e
g
is
tr
atio
n
m
es
s
ag
e
s
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MN
s
;
in
s
tead
it
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
M
A
G
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
o
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
e
b
u
l
k
m
es
s
a
g
e
s
ize,
a
u
th
o
r
s
in
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
e
w
o
p
ti
m
ized
b
u
l
k
m
es
s
ag
e
f
o
r
m
at
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
it
m
ap
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e.
I
n
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
u
lk
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
,
th
e
m
es
s
a
g
e
i
s
b
u
ilt
b
y
s
i
m
p
l
y
co
n
ca
ten
ati
n
g
m
u
l
tip
le
P
B
U
m
es
s
ag
e
s
tied
f
o
r
t
h
e
MN
s
wh
ich
ar
e
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
r
ep
ea
ted
f
o
r
ea
ch
MN
w
h
ic
h
en
lar
g
es
t
h
e
b
u
l
k
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
ize.
I
n
s
tead
,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
b
it
m
ap
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
o
n
l
y
a
s
in
g
le
in
s
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
p
tio
n
s
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
b
it
m
ap
m
atr
ix
.
He
n
ce
,
t
h
e
b
u
l
k
m
es
s
ag
e
s
ize
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
a
n
d
th
er
e
w
ill
b
e
n
o
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
r
ea
k
in
g
th
e
b
u
lk
m
es
s
a
g
e
in
to
m
u
l
tip
le
p
ar
ts
to
av
o
id
th
e
p
ac
k
et
d
r
o
p
.
R
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
in
d
i
n
g
u
p
d
ate
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
f
o
r
a
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MN
s
m
o
v
i
n
g
to
g
e
th
er
h
as
attr
ac
ted
r
esear
c
h
er
s
to
ap
p
ly
th
e
b
u
l
k
r
eg
i
s
tr
atio
n
p
r
in
c
i
p
les
in
to
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
m
o
b
il
it
y
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
Au
t
h
o
r
s
in
[
1
9
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
b
u
lk
b
in
d
in
g
u
p
d
ate
to
th
e
in
te
lli
g
en
t
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
er
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
b
ile
r
o
u
ter
s
ar
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
ac
ce
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
B
y
as
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
a
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
e
g
r
o
u
p
id
en
t
if
ier
to
th
is
s
et
o
f
m
o
v
i
n
g
r
o
u
ter
s
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
i
g
n
ali
n
g
o
v
er
h
ea
d
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
ic
b
in
d
in
g
u
p
d
ate
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
W
h
en
m
o
b
ile
r
o
u
ter
m
o
v
e
s
b
et
w
ee
n
M
A
Gs
i
n
th
e
L
M
A
d
o
m
a
in
,
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
in
d
in
g
u
p
d
ate
an
d
b
in
d
in
g
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
m
e
n
t
m
es
s
ag
e
s
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
b
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
ed
f
o
r
MN
s
r
eg
i
s
tr
ati
o
n
o
r
u
p
d
ate
th
eir
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
8
9
4
-
1
9
0
1
1896
n
e
w
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
ese
M
Ns
ar
e
m
o
v
in
g
to
g
eth
er
a
s
a
s
i
n
g
le
u
n
it,
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
in
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
u
l
k
r
eg
i
s
tr
atio
n
to
co
m
b
in
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
b
i
n
d
in
g
m
ess
a
g
e
s
o
f
all
n
o
d
es
in
m
o
b
ile
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
an
d
s
e
n
d
s
t
h
e
m
to
g
eth
er
as
a
s
i
n
g
le
b
i
n
d
in
g
m
es
s
ag
e.
Hea
d
in
g
t
h
is
w
a
y
,
h
an
d
o
f
f
ti
m
e
a
n
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
g
n
al
in
g
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
to
b
e
ex
ch
an
g
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
m
o
b
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t a
r
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
u
l
k
s
ch
e
m
e
s
o
lv
es
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
o
b
ilit
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
w
h
er
e
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
MN
s
m
o
v
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
M
AGs,
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
b
u
lk
P
B
U
an
d
P
B
A
m
es
s
ag
e
s
to
r
eg
is
ter
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
MN
s
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
in
g
le
b
u
l
k
m
es
s
ag
e.
I
n
m
a
n
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
MN
s
m
a
y
m
o
v
e
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
l
y
a
m
o
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
MA
G
s
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
y
m
o
v
e
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ab
le
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
b
u
l
k
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
s
u
c
h
m
o
b
ili
t
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
i
n
ce
th
er
e
is
n
o
co
m
m
o
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
h
ar
ed
b
y
th
ese
MN
s
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
M
Ns
a
m
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
M
AGs
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
e
s
i
t
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
c
r
ea
te
a
s
i
n
g
le
b
u
l
k
m
es
s
ag
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
MN
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
ca
s
e
w
h
e
n
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
MN
s
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
M
A
G
s
,
m
o
v
e
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
to
o
th
er
M
A
Gs
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
P
MI
P
v
6
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
No
d
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SCH
E
ME
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
w
it
h
it
s
ig
n
ali
n
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
es
s
ag
e
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
ir
s
t,
an
d
th
e
n
w
e
d
elib
er
ate
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
u
lk
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e.
3
.
1
.
CSP
M
I
P
v
6
a
rc
hite
ct
ur
e
T
h
e
m
ain
id
ea
b
eh
i
n
d
t
h
e
C
S
P
MI
P
v
6
is
to
d
iv
id
e
t
h
e
P
MI
P
v
6
d
o
m
ai
n
i
n
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
ca
l
s
u
b
-
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
E
ac
h
s
u
b
-
d
o
m
ai
n
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
cl
u
s
ter
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
tit
u
tes
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
M
AGs
w
it
h
a
o
n
e
Hea
d
MA
G
(
HM
AG)
.
T
h
e
HM
AG
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
L
M
A’
s
d
o
m
a
in
M
A
G
s
w
h
ich
is
elec
ted
to
p
la
y
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
a
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
r
o
les
o
f
th
e
HM
AG
ar
e:
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
lo
ca
l
m
o
b
ili
t
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
clu
s
ter
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
MN
s
m
o
v
in
g
in
s
id
e
t
h
e
cl
u
s
t
er
,
an
d
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
b
u
f
f
er
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
MN
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
es
s
a
g
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
e
x
c
h
an
g
ed
a
m
o
n
g
en
titi
es
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
h
an
d
o
f
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
ese
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
i
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
P
r
o
x
y
B
i
n
d
in
g
Up
d
ate
(
P
B
U)
,
P
r
o
x
y
B
in
d
i
n
g
A
c
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
(
P
B
A
)
,
L
o
ca
l
P
B
U
(
L
P
B
U)
,
L
o
ca
l
P
B
A
(
L
P
B
A
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
l
l
t
h
e
L
M
A
,
H
M
A
Gs,
a
n
d
t
h
e
MA
G
s
m
ain
tain
t
h
eir
o
w
n
b
i
n
d
in
g
lis
t
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
MN
’
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
P
B
U
an
d
P
B
A
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
r
eg
is
ter
th
e
MN
w
i
th
t
h
e
L
M
A
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
a
n
n
er
o
f
th
e
[
1
2
]
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
L
P
B
U
an
d
th
e
L
P
B
A
ar
e
u
s
e
d
b
et
w
ee
n
M
AGs a
n
d
th
eir
HM
A
G
s
f
o
r
th
e
lo
ca
l M
N
’
s
r
eg
is
t
r
atio
n
.
W
h
en
MN
en
ter
s
th
e
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
d
o
m
ain
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e,
th
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
MN
’
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
t
h
e
M
AG,
HM
AG,
an
d
th
e
L
M
A
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
o
n
ce
a
M
AG
d
etec
ts
an
attac
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
M
N
,
it
s
en
d
s
a
n
L
P
B
U
r
eq
u
est
to
its
HM
A
G
co
n
tain
s
th
e
MN
id
en
ti
f
ier
(
MN
-
I
D)
.
Up
o
n
r
ec
eiv
in
g
t
h
e
L
P
B
U
b
y
HM
AG,
it
s
ea
r
ch
es
its
B
U
L
f
o
r
an
MN
en
tr
y
.
Si
n
ce
it
is
a
n
e
w
M
N
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
HM
A
G
w
ill
n
o
t
f
i
n
d
a
m
atch
in
g
MN
e
n
tr
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
HM
A
G
s
en
d
s
a
P
B
U
r
eq
u
est
to
th
e
L
M
A
co
n
tai
n
in
g
t
h
e
MN
’
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
B
u
lk
b
in
d
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
fo
r
P
MIP
v6
p
r
o
to
co
l to
r
ed
u
ce
h
a
n
d
o
ff la
ten
cy
in
I
o
T
(
A
d
n
a
n
J.
J
a
b
ir
)
1897
id
en
ti
f
ier
a
n
d
th
e
r
eq
u
es
tin
g
HM
AG.
Up
o
n
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
B
U,
th
e
L
M
A
cr
ea
tes
a
n
e
w
B
C
E
f
o
r
t
h
e
M
N
a
n
d
s
en
d
s
a
P
B
A
m
es
s
ag
e
b
ac
k
t
o
th
e
r
eq
u
esti
n
g
HM
AG.
T
h
en
th
e
L
M
A
s
ets
u
p
a
g
lo
b
al
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
tu
n
n
e
l
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
HM
AG
to
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
o
u
ti
n
g
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
to
an
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
MN
.
Up
o
n
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
B
A
m
e
s
s
a
g
e,
th
e
HM
A
G
r
eg
is
ter
s
t
h
e
MN
in
its
B
UL
an
d
s
en
d
s
a
n
L
P
B
A
m
es
s
ag
e
b
ac
k
to
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
M
A
G
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
th
e
MN
p
r
ef
i
x
.
T
h
en
th
e
H
MA
G
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
es
a
lo
c
al
t
u
n
n
el
w
ith
t
h
e
M
A
G
to
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
o
u
tin
g
t
h
e
p
ac
k
e
ts
d
esti
n
ed
to
th
e
MN
.
Up
o
n
r
ec
eiv
in
g
t
h
e
L
P
B
A
b
y
th
e
r
eq
u
esti
n
g
M
AG,
it
r
eg
is
ter
s
t
h
e
MN
i
n
its
B
U
L
a
n
d
s
en
d
s
a
r
o
u
ter
ad
v
er
ti
s
e
m
e
n
t
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
to
th
e
r
eq
u
e
s
ti
n
g
n
o
d
e.
3
.
2
.
B
ulk
C
SPM
I
P
v
6
s
che
m
e
C
o
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
b
u
l
k
s
c
h
e
m
es
a
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
MN
s
m
o
v
e
as
a
g
r
o
u
p
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
MA
GS
to
o
n
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
M
A
G.
As it c
a
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
w
h
e
n
a
MA
G
d
etec
ts
t
h
e
attac
h
m
en
t
o
f
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
MN
s
,
it
cr
ea
tes
o
n
e
b
u
lk
P
B
U
m
ess
a
g
e
to
r
eg
is
ter
t
h
e
s
e
MN
s
w
it
h
L
MA
[
1
5
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
i
f
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MN
s
m
o
v
e
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
a
m
o
n
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
M
AGs
s
u
ch
th
a
t
a
s
i
n
g
le
MN
m
o
v
es
to
o
n
e
M
A
G,
t
h
e
L
M
A
r
ec
ei
v
es
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
P
B
U
eq
u
als
to
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
attac
h
ed
MN
s
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
u
s
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
b
u
lk
s
ch
e
m
e
w
h
ich
ca
n
co
p
e
w
ith
th
is
ca
s
e
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
s
in
g
l
e
b
u
lk
m
es
s
ag
e
f
o
r
MN
s
m
o
v
e
a
m
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
MA
G
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
u
lk
R
e
g
i
s
tr
atio
n
Si
g
n
al
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sin
g
le
R
e
g
is
tr
atio
n
p
er
MN
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
d
es
i
g
n
ed
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ex
t
en
s
i
v
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
g
n
ali
n
g
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
s
in
g
le
b
u
l
k
b
in
d
i
n
g
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
f
o
r
ev
er
y
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
MN
s
w
h
i
ch
h
a
v
e
a
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
p
er
ty
.
B
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
b
u
l
k
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
to
t
h
e
C
S
P
MI
P
v
6
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
t
h
e
ca
s
e
w
h
e
n
M
Ns
m
o
v
e
in
d
iv
id
u
all
y
a
m
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
MA
G
s
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
u
t
ili
zin
g
t
h
e
HM
A
G
e
n
tit
y
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
w
h
e
n
MN
s
m
o
v
e
a
m
o
n
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
M
A
G
s
,
ea
c
h
M
AG
s
e
n
d
s
a
s
i
n
g
le
L
P
B
U
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
to
th
e
HM
A
G
w
h
ic
h
i
n
tu
r
n
co
llect
s
all
th
e
s
e
r
eq
u
est
s
an
d
cr
ea
tes a
s
in
g
le
b
u
lk
P
B
U
m
es
s
ag
e
to
t
h
e
L
M
A.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e,
w
h
en
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
MN
s
m
o
v
e
b
et
w
e
en
t
w
o
M
A
G
s
b
elo
n
g
in
g
to
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
clu
s
ter
s
,
th
e
n
e
w
M
A
G
s
en
d
s
a
s
in
g
le
b
u
l
k
L
P
B
U
to
its
HM
A
G
f
o
r
th
e
MN
s
g
r
o
u
p
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
.
I
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
M
AGs
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
cl
u
s
ter
,
th
e
HM
A
G
r
ep
lies
b
y
a
s
i
n
g
le
b
u
lk
P
B
A
m
es
s
a
g
e
f
o
r
t
h
is
g
r
o
u
p
r
eg
i
s
tr
atio
n
.
A
d
v
er
s
el
y
,
if
t
h
e
M
A
G
s
b
elo
n
g
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
cl
u
s
ter
s
,
t
h
e
HM
AG
s
en
d
s
a
b
u
l
k
P
B
U
to
t
h
e
L
M
A
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
w
h
e
n
MN
s
m
o
v
e
b
et
w
ee
n
M
AGs
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
cl
u
s
ter
s
,
ea
ch
M
A
G
s
e
n
d
s
a
n
o
r
m
al
o
r
b
u
lk
L
P
B
U
to
th
e
HM
A
G
w
h
ic
h
in
t
u
r
n
s
en
d
s
a
b
u
lk
P
B
U
to
th
e
L
MA
f
o
r
th
ese
MN
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
8
9
4
-
1
9
0
1
1898
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
HM
A
G
co
l
lects
th
e
P
B
U
r
eq
u
ests
f
r
o
m
i
ts
attac
h
ed
M
A
Gs
an
d
s
e
n
d
s
it
as
a
s
in
g
le
b
u
lk
P
B
U
m
es
s
ag
e
to
t
h
e
L
M
A
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
csp
m
ip
v
6
B
u
lk
Sch
e
m
e
S
ig
n
ali
n
g
4.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE E
VA
L
U
A
T
I
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
is
ev
alu
a
ted
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
ag
ain
s
t t
h
e
b
asic P
MI
P a
n
d
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
u
l
k
s
c
h
e
m
es (
B
P
MI
P
v
6
)
,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
to
tal
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
.
4
.
1
.
Ana
ly
t
ica
l
m
o
del
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
to
tal
Ha
n
d
o
f
f
L
aten
c
y
(
H
L
)
is
d
er
i
v
ed
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
asic
P
MI
P
v
6
an
d
B
P
MI
Pv
6
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
.
I
t
i
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
e
n
tio
n
h
er
e
t
h
at
w
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
i
n
tr
a
-
d
o
m
ai
n
m
o
b
il
it
y
o
n
l
y
(
i.e
.
t
h
e
MN
m
o
v
es
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
L
M
A
d
o
m
ai
n
)
.
I
n
ad
d
it
io
n
,
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
s
ch
e
m
e
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
b
o
th
th
e
in
tr
a
-
a
n
d
in
ter
-
cl
u
s
ter
m
o
b
ilit
y
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
n
o
tatio
n
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
an
a
l
y
s
is
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
: P
a
r
am
eter
s
f
o
r
P
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
An
al
y
s
is
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
C
x
-
y
H
o
p
c
o
u
n
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
n
o
d
e
s x
a
n
d
y
S
c
t
r
l
S
i
z
e
o
f
a
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
(
b
y
t
e
)
S
i
z
e
o
f
b
u
l
k
me
ssag
e
f
o
r
M
A
G
i
o
r
H
M
A
G
i
IP
hs
I
P
v
6
p
a
c
k
e
t
h
e
a
d
e
r
si
z
e
MN
c
i
N
u
mb
e
r
i
f
M
N
s
i
n
M
A
G
i
o
r
H
M
A
G
i
t
U
n
i
t
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
c
o
s
t
o
f
p
a
c
k
e
t
p
e
r
a
w
i
r
e
d
l
i
n
k
Bw
L
i
n
k
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
HL
x
H
a
n
d
o
f
f
L
a
t
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
x
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
4
.
2
.
Sig
na
lin
g
co
s
t
a
na
ly
s
is
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
t
io
n
,
t
h
e
MN
’
s
h
an
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
is
d
er
i
v
ed
f
o
r
all
s
ch
e
m
e
s
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
a
n
y
t
w
o
en
titi
e
s
is
s
y
m
m
etr
ic.
I
n
ad
d
iti
o
n
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
atic
al
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
w
e
ar
e
n
o
t
g
o
i
n
g
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
AAA
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
co
s
t
f
o
r
L
M
A
,
M
A
Gs,
HM
A
Gs,
a
n
d
t
h
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
r
o
u
ter
s
.
4
.
2
.
1
.
B
a
s
ic
P
M
I
P
v
6
I
n
th
e
b
asic
P
MI
P
v
6
p
r
o
to
co
l
,
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
u
p
d
ate
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
ex
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
t
h
e
P
B
U
an
d
P
B
A
m
es
s
ag
e
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
L
M
A
an
d
MA
Gs
w
h
en
t
h
e
MN
m
o
v
es
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
M
A
G
to
an
o
t
h
er
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
1
)
4
.
2
.
2
.
B
P
M
I
P
v
6
I
n
B
P
MI
P
v
6
s
ch
e
m
e,
t
h
e
b
u
l
k
P
B
U
an
d
P
B
A
m
es
s
ag
e
s
ar
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
M
AGs
a
n
d
L
M
A
to
r
eg
is
ter
th
e
MN
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
o
v
in
g
a
s
a
g
r
o
u
p
b
et
w
ee
n
M
AGs.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
lat
en
c
y
f
o
r
B
P
MI
P
v
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
B
u
lk
b
in
d
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
fo
r
P
MIP
v6
p
r
o
to
co
l to
r
ed
u
ce
h
a
n
d
o
ff la
ten
cy
in
I
o
T
(
A
d
n
a
n
J.
J
a
b
ir
)
1899
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
∑
(
2
)
(
)
(
3
)
4
.
2
.
3
.
B
CSP
M
I
P
v
6
I
n
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
,
th
e
i
n
tr
a
-
c
lu
s
ter
m
o
b
ilit
y
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
HM
A
G
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ex
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
L
P
B
U/L
P
B
A
m
es
s
ag
e
s
w
it
h
its
attac
h
ed
M
A
G
s
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
in
ter
-
cl
u
s
ter
m
o
b
ilit
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
L
M
A
to
u
p
d
ate
th
e
MN
’
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
B
U
a
n
d
P
B
A
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
th
e
to
tal
h
an
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
in
tr
a
-
cl
u
s
ter
h
an
d
o
f
f
an
d
in
ter
-
cl
u
s
ter
h
an
d
o
f
f
s
ig
n
ali
n
g
co
s
ts
,
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
∑
∑
(
4
)
5.
NUM
E
RICAL
R
E
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
n
u
m
er
ical
r
es
u
lts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
er
iv
a
tio
n
s
in
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
h
er
e.
T
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
alu
es
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
a
s
i
m
u
lato
r
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
i
m
u
la
te
t
h
e
MN
m
o
b
ili
t
y
b
a
s
ed
o
n
f
l
u
id
-
f
lo
w
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
o
d
el,
i
n
w
h
ic
h
,
MN
s
ar
e
r
ar
el
y
ch
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
eir
s
p
ee
d
an
d
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
M
Ns
cr
o
s
s
i
n
g
M
A
G
s
at
e
v
er
y
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
t
i
m
e
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lato
r
.
Ta
b
le
2
: P
a
r
am
eter
s
Va
lu
e
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
D
e
f
a
u
l
t
V
a
l
u
e
t
2
v
2
5
(
m/
s)
R
5
0
0
(
m)
S
c
t
r
l
9
6
b
y
t
e
s
IP
hs
4
0
b
y
t
e
s
C
MA
G
-
L
MA
16
C
MA
G
-
MA
G
√
M
N
c
1
0
0
0
M
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
mo
d
e
l
F
l
u
i
d
-
f
l
o
w
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
ir
ed
li
n
k
d
ela
y
o
n
th
e
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
clea
r
l
y
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
o
f
all
s
ch
e
m
e
s
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
ir
ed
lin
k
d
ela
y
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
th
a
n
o
t
h
er
s
c
h
e
m
es
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
ali
n
g
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
t
h
e
in
ter
-
an
d
i
n
tr
a
-
c
l
u
s
ter
m
o
b
ili
t
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
W
ir
ed
L
i
n
k
Dela
y
o
n
th
e
Ha
n
d
o
f
f
L
aten
c
y
T
h
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
laten
c
y
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
es
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icati
n
g
e
n
titi
e
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
L
M
A
-
M
A
G
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
n
t
h
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
b
asic
P
MI
P
v
6
in
cu
r
s
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
8
9
4
-
1
9
0
1
1900
h
ig
h
e
s
t
h
an
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
d
u
e
to
its
h
i
g
h
l
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
t
h
e
L
M
A
.
T
h
e
lo
w
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
o
n
th
e
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
u
l
k
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
ter
-
c
lu
s
ter
m
o
b
ili
t
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
L
M
A
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
i
n
th
e
i
n
tr
a
-
clu
s
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
laten
c
y
is
a
ls
o
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MN
s
m
o
v
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
M
A
G
s
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
w
h
e
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MN
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
th
e
h
an
d
o
f
f
d
ela
y
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
o
r
all
s
ch
e
m
es.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
lo
w
es
t
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
d
ela
y
d
u
e
to
r
el
y
t
h
e
i
n
tr
a
-
cl
u
s
ter
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
n
th
e
HM
A
G
s
an
d
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
u
l
k
r
eg
i
s
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
in
ter
-
cl
u
s
ter
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
L
M
A
-
M
AG
Dis
ta
n
ce
o
n
th
e
Ha
n
d
o
f
f
L
a
ten
c
y
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
t
h
e
N
u
m
b
er
o
f
MN
s
o
n
th
e
Ha
n
d
o
f
f
L
at
en
c
y
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
a
n
e
w
b
u
lk
s
c
h
e
m
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
to
tal
h
an
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
id
ea
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
ed
P
MI
P
v
6
,
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
b
ase
o
f
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
,
is
to
d
iv
id
e
th
e
p
r
o
x
y
d
o
m
ai
n
i
n
to
s
u
b
-
d
o
m
ai
n
s
f
o
r
m
ed
a
s
cl
u
s
ter
s
,
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
th
e
i
n
tr
a
-
cl
u
s
ter
ha
n
d
o
f
f
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
lo
ca
ll
y
b
y
th
e
HM
AG
w
h
ic
h
th
er
eb
y
lead
s
to
lo
w
h
an
d
o
f
f
la
ten
c
y
.
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
s
ch
e
m
e,
t
h
e
MN
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
o
v
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
M
A
Gs
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
ar
e
r
eg
i
s
ter
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
i
n
g
le
b
u
l
k
P
B
U
m
es
s
ag
e.
O
u
r
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
n
u
m
er
ica
l
r
esu
lt
s
p
r
o
v
e
th
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
s
ch
e
m
e
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
b
a
s
ic
P
MI
P
v
6
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
b
u
lk
s
c
h
e
m
e
B
P
MI
P
v
6
in
ter
m
s
o
f
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
late
n
c
y
.
Fu
tu
r
e
i
n
v
esti
g
ati
o
n
s
co
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
B
C
SP
MI
P
v
6
s
ch
e
m
e
to
v
al
id
ate
its
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
m
o
b
ilit
y
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ja
m
a
li
,
M
.
S
.
,
P
.
K
u
m
a
r,
a
n
d
U.A
.
Kh
a
n
,
"
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s:
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
&
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
O
th
e
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,"
Fi
rs
t
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
o
d
e
rn
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
&
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
M
CCT
'
1
4
)
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
Ak
y
il
d
iz,
I.
F
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
W
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s: a su
rv
e
y
,
"
Co
mp
u
t
e
r n
e
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
38
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
3
9
3
-
4
2
2
,
2
0
0
2
.
[3
]
M
a
h
y
a
stu
t
y
,
V
e
ro
n
ica
W
in
d
h
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
ig
it
A
rif
ian
to
,
"
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
o
v
e
r
Hig
h
A
lt
it
u
d
e
P
latf
o
r
m
.
"
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
(
T
EL
KO
M
NIKA
)
,
v
o
l.
16
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
-
1
3
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
Ro
d
rig
u
e
s
J.J.
a
n
d
P
.
A
.
Ne
v
e
s,
"
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
IP
‐
b
a
se
d
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
so
lu
ti
o
n
s
,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
23
(
8
)
,
p
p
.
9
6
3
-
9
8
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
B
u
lk
b
in
d
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
fo
r
P
MIP
v6
p
r
o
to
co
l to
r
ed
u
ce
h
a
n
d
o
ff la
ten
cy
in
I
o
T
(
A
d
n
a
n
J.
J
a
b
ir
)
1901
[5
]
Zi
n
o
n
o
s
Z.
a
n
d
V.
V
a
ss
il
io
u
,
"
In
ter
-
m
o
b
il
it
y
su
p
p
o
rt
i
n
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
6
L
o
W
P
A
N
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,"
in
GLOBE
COM
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s (
GC W
k
sh
p
s)
.
2
0
1
0
:
I
EE
E.
[6
]
Ch
e
n
Y.
-
S
.
,
C.
-
S
.
Hs
u
,
a
n
d
H.
-
K.
L
e
e
,
"
A
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
g
ro
u
p
m
o
b
il
i
ty
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
6
L
o
W
P
A
N
-
b
a
se
d
w
irele
ss
b
o
d
y
a
re
a
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,"
In
W
ire
les
s Co
m
mu
n
ica
t
io
n
s a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
in
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(W
CNC)
.
2
0
1
3
:
IEE
E
.
[7
]
Jo
h
n
s
o
n
D.
,
C.
P
e
rk
i
n
s,
a
n
d
J.
A
rk
k
o
,
"
M
o
b
il
it
y
su
p
p
o
rt
i
n
I
P
v
6
,"
IET
F
RF
C
3
7
7
5
,
2
0
0
4
.
[8
]
S
o
li
m
a
n
H.,
L
.
Be
ll
ier,
a
n
d
K.E
.
M
a
lk
i,
"
Hie
r
a
rc
h
ica
l
m
o
b
il
e
IP
v
6
m
o
b
il
it
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(HMI
P
v
6
)
,"
,
IET
F
RF
C
4
1
4
0
,
2
0
0
5
.
[9
]
Ko
o
d
l
i,
R.
,
"
F
a
st h
a
n
d
o
v
e
rs f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
"
IPv6
,
IET
F
RF
C
4
0
6
8
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
0
]
Ja
b
ir
A
.
J.,
S
h
a
m
a
la
S
.
,
Z
u
riati
Z
.
a
n
d
Ha
m
id
N.,
"
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
su
rv
e
y
o
f
th
e
c
u
rre
n
t
tren
d
s
a
n
d
e
x
ten
sio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
x
y
m
o
b
il
e
IP
v
6
p
ro
to
c
o
l
,
"
IEE
E
S
y
ste
ms
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
Bo
jk
o
v
ic
Z.
,
B.
Ba
k
m
a
z
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ba
k
m
a
z
,
"
S
o
m
e
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
in
g
Iss
u
e
s
f
o
r
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
Re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
,"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
1
2
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Da
t
a
Ne
two
r
k
s,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s,
Co
mp
u
ter
s (DNCO
CO '
1
3
)
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
G
u
n
d
a
v
e
l
li
S
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
P
r
o
x
y
m
o
b
il
e
ip
v
6
,
"
IET
F
RF
C
5
2
1
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
3
]
Ha
sh
im
,
A
i
sh
a
,
Az
a
n
a
H
a
f
iza
h
M
o
h
d
Am
a
n
,
a
n
d
Hu
d
a
A
d
ib
a
h
M
o
h
d
Ra
m
li
.
"
T
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
H
a
n
d
o
v
e
r
L
a
ten
c
y
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
M
u
lt
ica
st P
ro
x
y
M
o
b
il
e
I
P
V6
,
"
B
u
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
(
B
EE
I)
,
v
o
l.
6
(
4
),
p
p
.
3
1
1
-
316
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
Isla
m
M
.
M
.
a
n
d
E.
-
N.
H
u
h
,
"
S
e
n
so
r
p
r
o
x
y
m
o
b
il
e
IP
v
6
(S
P
M
I
P
v
6
)
—
A
n
o
v
e
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
i
ty
su
p
p
o
r
ted
I
P
-
W
S
Ns
,"
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l
11
(2
)
,
p
p
.
1
8
6
5
-
1
8
8
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
5
]
Je
y
a
th
a
ra
n
M
.
a
n
d
C
.
-
W
.
Ng
,
"
Bu
lk
P
BU
u
sin
g
Bit
m
a
p
s
"
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
6
]
Ja
b
ir,
A
.
J.,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
A
c
lu
ste
r
-
b
a
se
d
p
ro
x
y
m
o
b
il
e
IP
v
6
f
o
r
IP
-
W
S
Ns
,
"
EURA
S
IP
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
n
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s an
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
in
g
,
p
p
.
1
-
17
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
7
]
G
u
n
d
a
v
e
ll
i
S
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
M
o
b
i
le No
d
e
G
ro
u
p
I
d
e
n
ti
f
ier o
p
t
io
n
,"
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
Krish
n
a
n
S
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Bu
lk
Re
-
re
g
istratio
n
f
o
r
P
r
o
x
y
M
o
b
il
e
I
P
v
6
,"
2
0
0
9
.
[1
9
]
V
a
su
K.,
S
.
M
a
h
a
p
a
tra an
d
C.
Ku
m
a
r,
"
Bu
lk
Bin
d
in
g
Up
d
a
te
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
re
f
o
r
P
m
ip
v
6
Ba
se
d
In
telli
g
e
n
t
T
a
n
sp
o
rtatio
n
S
y
st
e
m
s
"
2
0
1
2
.
[2
0
]
Je
b
a
se
e
li
S
.
A
.
a
n
d
J.
S
u
n
d
a
ra
ra
jan
,
"
Re
d
u
c
i
n
g
Bin
d
in
g
u
p
d
a
te
in
NEM
O
S
u
p
p
o
rted
P
M
I
P
V6
,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
T
re
n
d
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
IJ
CT
T
),
v
o
l
.
6
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
-
1
5
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
1
]
G
u
a
n
,
Jia
n
fe
n
g
,
Ilsu
n
Yo
u
,
Ch
a
n
g
q
iao
X
u
,
a
n
d
Ho
n
g
k
e
Zh
a
n
g
,
"
Th
e
P
M
I
P
v
6
-
Ba
se
d
G
ro
u
p
Bin
d
in
g
Up
d
a
te f
o
r
Io
T
De
v
ice
s
,
"
M
o
b
il
e
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
s
tem
s
,
2
0
1
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
Y
O
F
AUTHO
RS
Adn
a
n
J
.
J
a
b
ir
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
a
n
d
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
s in
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
in
1
9
9
5
a
n
d
1
9
9
8
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
P
u
tra M
a
la
y
sia
(UP
M
),
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
1
5
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
c
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t.
His m
a
jo
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts a
re
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s,
u
b
i
q
u
it
o
u
s co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
n
e
tw
o
rk
m
o
b
il
it
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.