Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
5
,
Octo
be
r
2020
,
pp.
4900
~
4909
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v10
i
5
.
pp
4900
-
49
09
4900
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Develop
ment an
d testin
g of a
thai
we
bsit
e acc
essibi
lity
evaluati
on tool
Kew
alin A
ngk
anan
on
1
,
Mik
e Wa
ld
2
,
Piy
abud Pl
oadaks
orn
3
1,
3
Depa
rtment
of
Business Infor
m
at
ion
S
y
st
em, S
ura
tt
hani
Ra
ja
b
hat
Univ
ersity
,
T
hai
l
and
2
School
of El
ec
t
ronic
s a
nd
Com
pute
r
Sc
ie
nc
e, U
nive
rsit
y
of
Sout
hampton,
Uni
t
ed
Kingdom
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
y
23
, 201
9
Re
vised
Jan
1
,
2020
Accepte
d
Ma
r
2
1
, 202
0
Thi
s
pape
r
d
eal
s
with
the
imp
orta
nt
prob
le
m
tha
t
the
re
is
no
hel
p
with
the
acce
ss
ibi
l
ity
eva
lu
at
ions
of
T
hai
l
and’
s
web
by
developing
an
d
eva
luating
a
new
m
et
hod
and
tool
onli
ne
,
W
ebT
hai
2Ac
ce
s
s,
with
expe
rts,
deve
lop
ers,
and
users
with
disabi
liti
es.
T
his
t
ool
was
e
val
ua
te
d
b
y
30
deve
lop
ers,
30
hea
ring
impaire
d
peop
le
,
3
0
visual
l
y
impa
ire
d
people,
an
d
30
el
der
l
y
peopl
e
.
Th
e
dev
el
oper
s
eva
lu
at
e
d
the
websi
te
s
where
as
exp
erim
ent
al
t
asks
were
give
n
to
e
a
ch
disabled
grou
p
base
d
on
th
e
p
roble
m
s
they
ha
d
ac
c
essing
web
informati
on
.
The
develope
r
s
found
W
ebT
hai
2Acc
ess
ver
y
usable
an
d
the
15
te
st c
riteri
a
were
re
li
ab
le
f
or
eva
lu
at
ing
we
bsite
s.
Th
e
lowe
r
and
upper
95%
li
m
it
s
for
conf
ide
n
ce
r
atin
gs
of
deve
lop
er
s
were
m
inus
or
plus
10%
for
YouTube
a
nd
Panti
p
website
s
and
m
inus
or
plus
3%
with
the
bli
n
d
associa
t
ion
web
site
.
The
95%
l
ower
and
upp
er
li
m
it
s
of
conf
i
denc
e
were
m
inus
or
plus
5%
for
he
ari
ng
i
m
pai
red
users,
m
inus
or
plus
2%
for
e
lder
l
y
users
and
m
inus
or
plus
0%
for
v
isual
l
y
impaire
d
users.
The
r
esul
t
s
the
ref
or
e
show
ed
W
ebT
hai
2Acc
ess
was
rel
ia
bl
e
and
ac
ce
ss
ible
for
deve
lope
rs
whos
e
eva
luatio
ns
rea
sonabl
y
w
el
l
pr
edi
c
te
d
we
bsite
a
cc
essibi
li
t
y
for
users
with
disab
il
i
ti
es.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Disable
d
Elderly
Evaluati
on
Thail
an
d
Web acce
ssibil
it
y
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Kew
al
in
An
gkanano
n,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f B
us
iness
Info
r
m
at
ion
Syste
m
,
Su
r
at
thani Ra
ja
bh
at
U
niv
e
rsity
,
222
M
oo
9,
S
urat
-
Na
san
Roa
d,
K
huntala
y,
Muen
g, S
ur
at
thani,
84
100, T
haila
nd.
Em
a
il
: k.
angka
nano
n@gm
ai
l.
com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
Nati
onal
P
la
n
f
or
the
De
ve
lop
m
ent
of
th
e
Q
ualit
y
of
Li
fe
of
t
he
Disab
le
d,
No.
5,
Ye
ar
20
17
[
1]
repor
te
d
sta
ti
sti
cs
fo
r
disable
d
pe
op
le
on
S
eptem
ber
30
,
2016.
T
her
e
ar
e
1,
53
4,763
pe
op
le
wit
h
disa
bili
ti
es
(2.52%
of
total
Thai
popula
ti
on)
with
id
enti
ty
ca
rd
s
acr
os
s
Thail
and.
Dis
abili
ti
es
can
be
div
ide
d
into
va
rio
us
cat
egories
as
fo
ll
ows.
The
re
are
794,6
48
pe
op
le
(
48.37%
)
with
physi
cal
disabili
ty
,
300,265
hea
rin
g
i
m
pair
e
d
people
(
18.28
%),
17
5,692
vi
su
al
ly
i
m
paire
d
pe
op
le
(
10.
69%)
,
127,8
50
m
ental
ly
i
m
pa
ired
pe
ople
(7.
35%),
117,8
87
intel
le
ct
ually
disabled
pe
op
le
(
7.1
8%
),
9,1
25
auti
sti
c
peo
ple
(
0.56%),
7,432
pe
op
le
wit
h
le
arn
i
ng
disabili
ti
es
(0.
45%),
11
0,476
pe
op
le
with
m
or
e
tha
n
1
ty
pe
of
disabili
ty
(
6.73%),
an
d
6,
432
pe
op
le
wit
h
none
sp
eci
fied
ty
pe
of
disabil
it
y
(0.39%)
.
T
he
Na
ti
on
al
Stat
ist
ical
Of
fice
[2
]
st
at
ed
there
were
10
m
il
l
ion
el
der
l
y
people
(
15.
38%)
ap
pro
xim
a
te
ly
in
the
t
otal
popula
ti
on.
Wap
at
ta
na
won
g
an
d
P
r
asat
ku
[3
]
sta
te
that
the
num
ber
of
el
der
ly
pe
ople
in
the
f
utu
re
is
li
kely
to
co
ntin
ue
to
inc
r
e
ase
6%
per
ye
ar
bu
t
durin
g
2015
-
2020,
and
th
e num
ber
o
f
el
der
ly
p
e
op
le
w
il
l i
ncr
e
ase by 7
%.
A m
ajo
rity
o
f
the
se d
isa
ble
d
an
d el
der
ly
p
eo
ple
w
ould
gain
from
websi
te
s
that
we
re
acce
ssible
as
62%
of
U
S
wor
king
a
ge
pe
op
l
e
w
ou
l
d
gain
f
r
om
te
chn
ol
og
i
es
that
we
re
acce
s
sibl
e
[4
]
an
d
disabili
ti
es
increase
with
age
.
Re
search
i
n
20
06
r
ep
or
te
d
that
97%
of
we
bs
it
es
in
20
c
ountries
di
d
not
m
eet
m
i
nim
u
m
acce
ssi
bili
ty
le
vels
[5]
and
al
tho
ug
h
no
Thail
an
d
web
sit
e
fig
ur
e
s
wer
e
publishe
d
f
or
,
it
is
no
t
li
kely
they
are
m
o
re
a
ccessi
ble
a
s
unli
ke
lots
of
t
he
c
ountries
te
ste
d
they
do
not
hav
e
legisl
at
io
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
and t
est
ing of
a t
ha
i w
e
bs
it
e a
c
cessi
bili
ty
evalu
atio
n
t
oo
l
(
Ke
wali
n
A
ng
k
ananon
)
4901
The
im
po
rtant
pro
blem
add
re
ssed
by
this
un
iqu
e
rese
arc
h
was
the
la
ck
of
an
easy
too
l
to
ap
ply
a
nd
a
reli
able
m
eth
od
t
o
help
de
velo
per
s
w
ho
are
not
acce
s
sibil
it
y
exp
erts
with
t
h
e
fixi
ng
an
d
e
valua
ti
on
of
Thail
an
d’
s
we
b
sit
e
acce
ssibil
it
y.
An
add
it
ion
al
gain
by
gi
vin
g
disable
d
people
acce
ss
to
we
bs
it
es
is
m
ob
il
e
dev
ic
e
us
a
bili
ty
on
[
6].
At
pr
ese
nt,
Thail
and
has
re
gula
ti
on
s
t
o
s
upport
th
e
de
vel
opm
ent
of
acce
ssible
web
sit
es.
T
he
Mi
n
ist
ry
of
I
nfo
rm
ation
Tec
hnology
an
d
Com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
[
7]
has
est
ablishe
d
a
fr
am
ewor
k
po
li
cy
for
inf
orm
ation
te
chno
log
y
an
d
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
of
Thail
an
d
f
or
the
pe
rio
d
2011
-
2020.
It
m
entione
d
that
strat
egy
6
was
reducin
g
so
ci
al
and
ec
onom
ic
inequ
a
li
ty
by
dev
el
opi
ng
an
d
ap
plyi
ng
ICT
to
c
reati
ng
equ
al
op
portu
ni
ti
es
to
acce
ss
public
re
sourc
es
an
d
ser
vices
f
or
al
l
gro
ups
of
pe
ople
.
It
ha
s
prep
are
d
sta
ndar
ds
for
gove
rn
m
ent
websi
te
s
but
the
a
uthors
f
ound
no
rig
oro
us
resea
rch
stu
dy
on
how
t
o
a
pp
ly
a
Thai
w
eb
sit
e
dev
el
op
m
ent
appr
oach
in
pract
ic
e
and
an
al
yz
e
the
resu
lt
s.
In
ad
diti
on
,
the
re
is
a
la
ck
of
re
sear
ch
on
evaluati
ng
a
nd
de
velo
ping
of
acce
ssible
we
bs
it
es
in
Thail
and.
T
her
e
is
on
ly
on
e
sit
e
a
ssessm
ent
too
l
w
hich
has
bee
n
de
ve
lop
e
d
by
a
bu
siness
unit
,
Th
ai
W
e
b
Acce
s
s
ibil
it
y
Tea
m
[8
]
,
but
the
ev
al
uation
data
is
no
t
disclose
d
to
th
e pub
li
c.
The
pr
opos
e
d
m
et
ho
d
that
would
pro
vid
e
a
so
l
ution
to
the
ide
ntifie
d
pr
ob
le
m
and
t
hat
wa
s
dev
el
op
e
d
th
rough
this
resea
r
ch
was
to
crea
te
a
Thai
W
e
b
Accessibil
it
y
Assessm
ent
m
et
hod
an
d
we
b
-
base
d
too
l
Web
t
hai2
acce
ss.or
g
tha
t
helps
de
velop
e
rs
who
w
ere
not
acce
s
sibil
it
y
exp
ert
s
to
assess
a
nd
fix
the
acce
ssibil
it
y
of
T
hai
webs
it
es.
The
resea
r
ch
al
so
e
xp
e
ri
m
ental
ly
validat
ed
the
us
e
of
this
m
et
ho
d
a
nd
t
oo
l
for
asse
ssin
g
acce
ss
to
T
hai
we
bs
i
te
s
f
or
visu
al
im
pairm
ent,
hea
rin
g
i
m
paired
or
pe
op
le
w
ho
a
re
el
der
l
y
thr
ough
ex
pe
rim
ental
stud
ie
s.
From
a
literatu
re
rev
ie
w
,
t
o
address
t
he
ide
ntifie
d
pro
blem
the
auth
or
s
decid
e
d
to
dev
el
op
c
rite
ria
for
evaluat
ing
acce
ss
to
i
nfor
m
at
ion
on
Thai
we
bs
it
es
f
or
d
isa
bled
pe
ople
inclu
ding
te
sti
ng
the
us
e
of
s
uc
h
eval
uatio
n
c
rite
ria
with
w
eb
de
vel
op
e
rs,
visu
al
ly
im
pa
ired,
hea
rin
g
im
paired
,
an
d
el
der
ly
people.
Alth
ough
th
e
crit
er
ia
dev
el
op
e
d
is
releva
nt
to
al
l
disabili
ties
an
d
the
de
velo
per
s
eval
uated
the
we
bs
it
e
s
f
or
al
l
disa
bili
ti
es,
the
ti
m
e
a
nd
res
ources
a
vaila
ble
f
or
t
hi
s
researc
h
pro
j
ect
al
lowe
d
only
90
disable
d
pa
rtic
ipants
to
be
use
d
in
t
he
e
valu
at
ion
.
Since
30
pe
op
le
ca
n
prov
i
de
rea
sona
bl
e
sta
ti
sti
ca
l
eviden
c
e
in
an
e
xp
e
rim
ent,
it
was
the
refor
e
decide
d
to
us
e
30
vis
ually
i
m
paired
people,
30
he
arin
g
im
paired
people
and
30
el
de
rly
people.
T
he
s
el
ect
ion
of
the
se
three
gro
ups
is
a
pr
act
ic
a
l
way
to
co
pe
with
the
ti
m
e
and
resou
rce
lim
itati
on
s
as
blin
dn
e
ss
re
qu
i
res
visu
al
in
for
m
at
ion
to
be
m
ade
acce
ssible
thr
ough
sp
eec
h
al
te
rn
at
ives
an
d
a
web
sit
e
to
be
na
vig
at
e
d
usi
ng
the
keyb
oa
rd,
w
hile
deafness
re
quires
a
ud
it
ory
inf
or
m
at
ion
to
m
ade
acce
ssible
throu
gh
te
xt
al
te
rn
at
ives
and
as
people
grow
old
e
r
the
pr
opor
ti
on
of
the
popula
ti
on
with
a d
isa
bili
ty
incr
eases
w
hether s
ens
or
y,
c
ogni
ti
ve
or
ph
ysi
ca
l.
2.
WEB
ACC
ES
SIBIL
ITY
Disabili
ty
cov
e
rs
im
pair
m
ents,
act
ivit
y
lim
it
a
ti
on
s
of
act
ivit
y,
an
d
rest
rict
ed
pa
rtic
ipati
on
wh
il
e
on
ly
certai
n
disabili
ti
es
are
r
el
at
ed
to
t
he
acce
ssi
bili
ty
of
we
bs
it
es.
F
or
exam
ple,
physi
cal
di
sabili
ti
e
s
that
on
ly
aff
ect
the
a
bili
ty
of
a
perso
n
to
us
e
their
le
gs
will
not
restrict
the
a
bili
t
y
of
a
person
t
o
use
a
web
sit
e
.
Since
a
blind
per
s
on
can
not
us
e
a
m
ou
se
but
us
es
a
key
boar
d,
a
n
acce
s
sible
we
bs
it
e
f
or
a
blin
d
per
s
on
will
al
so
be
acce
ss
ible
f
or
a
ph
y
sic
al
ly
disabled
per
s
on
who
can
no
t
us
e
a
m
ou
se
but
c
an
us
e
a
key
bo
a
r
d.
A
we
bs
it
e
acc
essible
f
or
a
pe
rson
with
a
physi
cal
disabili
ty
wh
o
ca
nnot
us
e
a
m
ou
se
is
howe
ver
not
al
ways
acce
ssible
f
or
a
blin
d
per
s
on
as
they
nee
d
al
l
inform
at
ion
pro
vid
e
d
i
n
a
non
-
visu
al
f
or
m
.
The
acce
s
sibil
it
y
of
a
we
bs
it
e
does
no
t
de
pend
on
the
pa
rtic
ular
ty
pe
of
key
bo
a
rd
a
pe
rs
on
use
s
an
d
the
refore
al
though
differen
t
us
ers
m
igh
t
use
dif
fer
e
nt
siz
e
s
or
desig
ns
of
keyb
oa
rd
this
stud
y
does
no
t
nee
d
to
in
vest
igate
dif
fer
e
nt
ty
pes
of
key
bo
a
rd.
Laazi
ri
et
.
al
.
[9
]
pro
posed
a
m
od
el
f
or
assessi
ng
Ac
cessi
b
il
it
y,
Us
abili
ty
,
E
m
oti
on
al
it
y,
and
Pe
rs
uasivi
ty
bu
t
did
no
t
evaluate
it
s
us
e.
W
ahy
un
i
ngr
um
and
Mustof
a
[
10
]
stu
died
softwa
re
qu
al
it
y
m
easur
em
ent
and
ide
ntifie
d
the
m
os
t
widely
us
e
d
m
eth
od
was
t
he
e
m
pirical
m
eth
od
i
nvolv
i
ng
us
e
rs
.
Nayeb
pour
a
nd
Ra
s
hid
[
11
]
inv
est
igate
d
how
ser
vice
-
or
i
ented
a
rc
hitec
ture
m
igh
t
ena
ble
ex
pe
rt
syst
e
m
s
to
respo
nd
to
fast
changin
g
inf
orm
ation
.
I
nv
e
nt
or
of
the
W
or
ld
W
ide
W
e
b
and
Directo
r
of
W
3C
Tim
B
ern
e
rs
-
Lee
, wr
ote that
an
e
ssentia
l as
pect of t
he web
w
as
acce
ssibil
it
y by ever
y
body whate
ve
r
t
he
ir d
isa
bili
ty
[
12]
.
Ther
e
f
or
e
t
he
W
eb
was
cr
eat
ed
f
or
al
l,
irres
pecti
ve
of
culture
,
te
ch
no
l
og
y
or
a
bi
li
ty
and
has
the
po
te
ntial
t
o
rem
ov
e
barr
ie
r
fr
ee
f
or
dis
abled
pe
o
ple
if
acce
ssibly
de
si
gn
e
d.
Web
inf
or
m
at
ion
acce
ss
is
a
hu
m
an
basic right
[13].
Ma
king
an
acce
ssible
we
b
assist
s
people
w
ho
ar
e
el
der
ly
an
d
pe
op
le
in
le
ss wea
lt
hy
reg
i
on
s
in
a
ddit
ion
to
disa
bled
pe
op
le
w
it
h
their
li
ves
inclu
ding
so
ci
al
act
ivit
ie
s,
healt
h
c
are,
em
plo
ym
e
nt
an
d
edu
cat
io
n.
Ac
cessi
ble
W
e
bs
i
te
s
that
are
ac
cessi
ble
pro
vi
de
le
gal,
fina
nc
ia
l,
te
chn
ic
al
and
so
ci
al
gains
f
or
edu
cat
io
n,
go
vernm
ent
and
com
pan
ie
s,
[
14
]
.
Ma
ny
pe
op
le
ca
nnot
use
the
we
b.
i
f
not
desi
gn
e
d
to
be
acce
ssible.
As
an
exam
ple,
peop
le
unable
to
us
e
a
m
ou
s
e
nee
d
keyb
oa
rd
acce
ss
an
d
blind
people
r
equ
i
re
i
m
ages
al
te
rn
a
ti
ve
te
xt
w
hich
im
pacts
on
el
der
ly
pe
op
le
.
65
%
of
the
appr
ox
im
at
ely
two
m
il
l
ion
di
sable
d
people
in
Thai
la
nd
are
un
em
plo
ye
d,
the
m
a
j
ori
ty
li
vin
g
in
ru
ral
pa
rts
wit
h
over
5
0
%
w
orkin
g
in
fis
hin
g
or
agr
ic
ultur
e
.
Th
ere
are
no
Th
ai
web
sit
e
acc
essibil
it
y
la
ws
or
regulat
ions
even
t
hough
t
her
e
is
gu
i
dance
for
disabili
ty
dev
e
lop
m
ent
pr
act
ic
e
and
a
nti
-
dis
crim
inati
on
la
ws.
Web
acce
ssibil
it
y
gu
ideli
nes
[15]
ha
ve
bee
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
5
,
Oct
ob
e
r 2
020
:
49
00
-
49
09
4902
adopted
i
n
m
a
ny
c
ountries
[
16
]
ba
sed
on
i
nter
national
w
ebsite
acce
ssib
il
ity
research.
Re
search
has
sh
ow
n
that
fo
ll
owin
g
these
guideli
ne
s
can
al
so
be
ne
fit
non
-
disa
bled
use
rs
[17].
Ah
m
i
and
Mo
ham
ad
[18]
ev
al
uated
25 Mal
ay
sia
n m
inist
ry w
ebsi
te
s and fo
und
l
ow co
m
pliance
w
it
h w
e
b
acce
ssibil
it
y st
and
a
rd
s
.
3.
WEB
THAI
2ACC
ES
S
Si
m
ply
transl
at
ing
t
he
or
i
gin
al
E
ngli
sh
W
e
b
Acces
sibil
it
y
the
m
does
n’
t
nec
essaril
y
so
lv
e
local
isa
ti
on
pr
ob
le
m
s
of
Thai
la
nd
c
on
te
xt
and
la
ngua
ge
an
d.
Web
T
hai2a
ccess
buil
ds
on
a
pr
evi
ous
ap
proac
h
by
the
2
nd
A
uth
or
[19]
a
nd
was
de
velo
ped
with
a
ho
li
sti
c
vie
w
[
20]
.
T
his
re
searc
h
is
the
first
e
xper
i
m
ental
stud
y
to
exam
ine
the
ease
of
us
e
or
reli
a
bili
ty
of
the
m
et
ho
d
of
us
ing
15
c
rite
ria
with
accom
pan
yi
ng
te
chn
iq
ues
in
a
web
-
base
d
to
ol
.
This
journ
al
arti
cl
e
exte
ns
iv
el
y
exp
an
ds
on
the
br
ie
f
in
f
orm
at
ion
pr
ese
nt
ed
in
the
2017
HC
I
In
te
r
natio
nal
Confere
nce
po
st
er
exten
de
d
ab
stract
[21].
W
e
bT
hai2
Access,
an
interact
ive
Tha
i
web
sit
e, w
as
c
reated
to
assist
m
anu
al
ly
te
stin
g
a
ny
Thail
an
d
W
e
bs
it
e
thr
ough
sim
plifie
d
check
li
st
s
de
ve
lop
e
d
from
W
CA
G
2.0,
the
m
or
e
com
plex
W
e
b
Co
ntent
Ac
cessi
bili
ty
Gu
ideli
nes.
Addit
ion
al
ly
,
it
pro
vid
es
evaluati
on
to
ols
and
te
c
hn
i
ques.
It
is
si
m
pler
to
sco
re
an
d
us
e
tha
n
the
WCA
G
guidel
ines
w
hich
have
m
or
e
than
60
te
sts
m
os
t
of
wh
ic
h
can
on
ly
be
car
ried
ou
t
m
anu
al
ly
by
so
m
eon
e
with
exp
e
rt
acce
ss
ibil
ity
knowle
dge a
nd experie
nce as
on
ly
a
fe
w of
t
he
te
sts ca
n be
carried
out
by
autom
at
ic
ch
eckers
.
WebThai
2A
cc
ess
has
su
m
m
arised
a
nd
c
om
pr
essed
the
gu
i
delines
a
nd
te
sts
into
the
fo
ll
owin
g
15
crit
eria t
hat
ca
n be
fo
ll
owe
d by de
velo
pe
rs wit
hout accessi
bili
ty
ex
per
ti
se
.
-
Fo
rm
s,
Signu
p,
Log
i
n,
an
d
Othe
r:
includi
ng
sit
e
or
ser
vi
ce
reg
ist
rati
on
sign
-
i
n
an
d
work
i
ng
with
any
form
s.
-
ALT Att
rib
ute
of I
m
age: ena
bl
ing
blind scr
e
en reade
r user
to
li
ste
n
t
o
im
a
ge descri
p
ti
on.
-
Def
i
niti
on
of L
ink
Tar
get: u
ndersta
nd
a
ble
w
it
ho
ut ac
com
pan
yi
ng butt
on
or se
ntence.
-
Fr
am
e
Lay
ou
t
an
d
Tit
le
s
of
Fr
am
es:
witho
ut
ti
tl
es
scree
n
rea
de
r
use
rs
m
a
y
no
t
kn
ow
or
wh
ic
h
w
on’t
know
wh
ic
h
in
form
ation
t
o n
ext r
ea
d. or
pa
ge posi
ti
on
.
-
Sty
le
sh
eet
R
e
m
ov
al
: checkin
g
sit
e a
pp
ea
ra
nc
e
-
Vide
o/Audi
o/: sign l
an
gu
a
ge,
capti
on
i
ng, tra
ns
cri
pts, , a
nd
can
help dea
f o
r hearin
g
im
paired.
-
Audio
desc
rip
ti
on
s
of
vi
de
o/
ani
m
at
ion
s
-
:
prov
i
ding
spok
e
n
in
form
ation
a
bout
vis
uals
f
or
visu
a
ll
y
i
m
paired
-
Tables:
co
l
umn a
nd ro
w
a
nd
head
e
rs
a
re
vital
.
-
Lo
gical
Correc
t Tab
Orde
rin
gs:
li
nk
a
nd
nav
i
gational
el
em
e
nt or
der
is
v
it
al
for
keyb
oa
rd users
-
Keyb
oard
Page
Functi
onal
it
y:
f
ollo
wing l
og
-
in if
r
e
qu
i
red
-
Text E
ditor Ac
cessi
bili
ty
: enab
le
s
us
ers
to
al
te
r
the te
xt f
eel
and lo
ok li
ke
in
a
w
ord
proces
so
r
-
Appro
pr
ia
te
F
orm
s Feed
bac
k:
appr
opriat
e fee
db
ac
k
t
o
in
put
pr
e
ve
nts con
fusion.
-
Colo
ur
a
nd C
ontrast
C
heck
: a
ppr
opriat
e col
our
contrast l
e
ve
ls wit
hout
distract
ion
s
-
Zo
om
ing
I
nte
gri
ty
o
f Page:
en
ables re
siz
ing
of im
ages
and
t
ext
-
Re
adab
il
it
y,
blink
in
g
el
em
ents,
sty
le
and
Te
xt
siz
e,
an
d:
a
vo
i
d
bli
nk
i
ng
causin
g
sei
z
ures
an
d
sm
al
l
s
erif
fonts a
nd text
or com
plex
la
ngua
ge
The
4
sc
or
i
ng
le
vels
relat
e
to
the
c
onform
a
nce
le
vels
of
WCA
G
2.0,
w
her
e
0%
is
fail
,
33%
=
A
,
67%
=
AA,
a
nd
100%
=
A
A
A.
T
he
us
e
of
per
ce
ntages
ha
s
the
a
dv
a
nta
ge
of
al
lowi
ng
a
ver
a
ging
c
om
par
ed
t
o
cat
egories
an
d
underst
an
dab
i
li
ty
co
m
par
ed
to
le
vel
nu
m
ber
i
ng
(i.e.
a
le
vel
of
3
is
m
eaning
le
ss
w
it
ho
ut
knowin
g
the
m
axim
u
m
is 4
).
4.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
DOL
OGY
Ther
e
were
7
researc
h
pha
ses.
P
hase
1
i
nvolv
e
d
a
li
te
ratur
e
re
view
identify
in
g
Th
ai
W
e
bs
it
e
evaluati
on
to
ols
and
diff
e
re
nc
es
betwee
n
En
glish
an
d
T
hai
acce
ssibil
it
y
g
uid
el
ines
to
find
web
acce
s
s
ibil
it
y
gu
i
delines
=
c
hanges
f
or
T
ha
i
too
ls
us
ed
f
or
Thai
web
sit
e
evaluati
o
ns
.
I
n
the
sec
ond
phase,
an
inter
vie
w
wa
s
cond
ucted
with
30
T
hai
de
ve
lop
e
rs,
10
pe
ople
with
hear
i
ng
im
pair
m
ents,
10
pe
op
le
with
vis
ual
im
pair
m
ents,
and
10
el
de
rly
people
in
ord
er
to
know
the
bar
rier
s
to
acce
ssing
T
hai
we
bs
it
es,
inclu
ding
inf
or
m
at
ion
about
the
we
bs
it
es
th
at
each
gro
up
of
us
e
rs
use
in
their
daily
li
fe.
I
n
phase
3,
e
xtensi
ve
doc
um
entat
ion
,
to
ol
s,
te
sts
and
gu
i
delines,
we
re
de
velo
pe
d
for
l
ocal
T
ha
il
and
C
ultur
e
a
nd
La
ngua
ge
.
A
validat
io
n
st
ud
y
an
d
re
view
was
carried
out
by
acce
ssibil
it
y
exp
e
rts
of
the
doc
um
enta
ti
on
,
to
ols,
guideli
nes
a
nd
te
sts.
In
ph
ase
4,
WebThai
2A
cc
ess
was
buil
t
base
d
on
the
r
esults
of
the
e
xp
e
rt
re
view
a
nd
validat
io
n
and
te
ste
d.
P
ha
se
5
involve
d
a
pilo
t
stud
y
us
er
ev
al
uation
of
W
e
bT
hai2
Access
and
the
ex
per
i
m
ental
design
was
finali
zed
base
d
on
the
resu
lt
s
and
a
Web
T
ha
i2Access
us
er
evaluati
on
was
condu
ct
e
d
wit
h
30
hea
rin
g
im
paired
people,
30
el
der
ly
p
e
ople
,
30 visuall
y i
m
paire
d people a
nd 30 de
velo
pe
rs.
A
case
stud
y
was
co
nducte
d
fo
r
ph
a
se
6
to
ver
ify
that
Web
T
hai2access
cou
ld
s
uccess
fu
ll
y
be
us
e
d
by
a
de
velo
pe
r
to
fi
rst
ide
ntify
and
t
hen
c
orrect
pro
blem
s
in
a
we
bs
it
e
a
nd
i
nvol
ved
a
blin
d
stu
de
nt
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
and t
est
ing of
a t
ha
i w
e
bs
it
e a
c
cessi
bili
ty
evalu
atio
n
t
oo
l
(
Ke
wali
n
A
ng
k
ananon
)
4903
the
de
velo
pe
r
at
Su
ratt
ha
ni
P
rovincial
S
ocia
l
Dev
el
op
m
ent
an
d
H
um
an
S
ecur
it
y
O
ff
ic
e
who
us
e
d
Wor
dP
r
ess
to
create
their
we
bs
it
e
ht
tp:/
/www
.s
urat
th
ani.m
-
so
ci
et
y.go.th.
T
he
de
velo
per
no
te
d
that
there
is
so
m
e
lim
it
at
ion
of
usi
ng
Wor
dpres
s
su
c
h
as
no
t
bein
g
able
t
o
add
c
ode.
T
he
blind
stu
den
t
us
e
d
the
web
si
te
and
identifie
d
pro
blem
s
they
had
with
it
and
these
prob
le
m
s
wer
e
al
so
identifie
d
by
the
dev
el
ope
r
us
in
g
WebThai
2A
cc
ess.
T
he
de
velop
e
r
t
hen
f
ound
s
olu
ti
ons
t
o
the
pr
ob
le
m
s
and
the
ne
w
ve
rsion
of
the
w
ebsite
was
us
e
d
by
the
blin
d
stu
de
nt
who
ve
rifie
d
that
the
ide
ntifie
d
pro
ble
m
s
had
now
be
en
so
l
ved.
Se
ct
ion
4
pr
ese
nts
t
he
r
e
su
lt
s
an
d
a
naly
sis
an
d
discuss
es
ho
w
dev
el
opers
’
e
valuati
ons
of
T
hai
we
bs
it
es
pre
dicte
d
how
disable
d user
s
us
e
d
the
w
e
bs
i
te
s.
5.
E
X
PERI
MEN
T DESIG
N D
ET
AILS
Thr
ee
we
b
ac
cessi
bili
ty
experts
us
ed
N
V
DA,
J
A
WS
or
Vo
ic
e
over
sc
reen
rea
der
s
a
nd
the
T
hai
sp
eec
h
synthes
iz
er
pro
gr
am
Tat
ip
fo
ll
ow
in
g
detai
le
d
instr
uc
ti
on
s
to
e
valu
at
e
the
web
sit
e
http:/
/ww
w.
ta
b.or.t
h
by)
by
decidin
g
on
an
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
%
Eval
ua
ti
on
outc
om
e
and
an
swe
r
ing
al
l
the
quest
io
ns
a
bout
Tec
hniq
ue
s
.
Fo
r
exam
ple:
Test
1:
F
or
m
s
(e.
g.
c
on
ta
ct
,
f
eedb
ac
k,
hel
p),
S
ig
nup
a
nd
L
og
i
n,
C
heck
signu
p
process
,
,
chec
k
form
acce
ssibil
it
y
us
ing
scree
n
read
e
r
a
nd
ke
yboa
rd
an
d
(a
nd
chec
kif
m
e
anin
gful
unde
r
sta
nd
a
ble
la
bel
nam
e
(
W3
C
W
C
AG
gu
id
el
ines
1.
1,
2.1
,
2.4
,
3.3
(
https:/
/ww
w.w3.o
rg
/TR
/
WCA
G20
)).
A
ud
ie
n
ces
are
bl
ind
an
d
sever
e
v
is
ual
ly
i
m
pair
ed
a
nd t
he
t
ech
niques
us
e
d
are:
-
Check
for
m
access any
f
or
m
s thro
ugh
sc
ree
n reade
rs ( a
ndta
b
key
-
Af
te
r
for
m
acce
ss,
c
heck la
be
l
m
eaningfu
l
nam
e u
sin
g
a
nd
“Form
Lab
el
”
and
“Feat
ures”
on
WAVE
-
Check
f
or
m
inp
ut
l
og
ic
al
ord
er
usi
ng
scree
n
read
e
r
a
nd
ta
b
key
an
d
a
nd
i
f
er
ror
m
essage
read
by
sc
re
en
read
e
r
CA
PTC
HA
C
hec
k
(
W
3C W
C
A
G
1.1
.1)
is
the
re
op
ti
on
to
c
ha
ng
e
t
he
ca
ptcha
fro
m
i
m
age
to
te
xt
or
so
un
d
t
hroug
h screen
r
ea
der
or
keyb
oard
or.
-
Do
es
for
m
h
a
ve
tim
e l
i
m
it
s (
W3
C
W
C
AG
2.2.1)
?
-
Do
es
scr
een
r
e
ader rea
d
th
e s
end butt
on
when
se
ndin
g
f
or
m
-
Ca
n
sc
reen rea
der
of
keyb
oard e
xit f
or
m
P
os
si
ble r
at
in
gs:
0%:
N
o
la
bel
Un
able
to
acce
ss
the
fo
rm
in
ti
m
e,
keybo
ard
and
screen
read
er
can.t
acce
ss
fo
rm
and
CAPTCHA
.
33
%:
T
im
e
li
m
it
ed
form
,
few
la
bels
,
CAPTCHA
h
ard
to
acce
ss
the,
m
ajo
rity
of
fo
rm
s
acce
ss
ible
by
screen
read
er
and
keybo
ard
.
67
%:
N
o
ti
m
e
li
m
it
,
al
te
rn
at
ive
CAPTCHA
.
m
ajo
rity
of
fo
rm
acce
ss
ible
by
screen
read
er
and
keybo
ard
so
m
e err
or
s
i.e.
wrong
la
bel iden
ti
fied
by scr
een
read
er
or
do
es
no
t
read
la
bel
or
feed
back
10
0%:
no
ti
m
e
li
m
it
or
CAPTCHA
, clear labels,
Fo
rm
s can
be
acce
ssed
easi
ly
thr
ou
gh
scr
een r
eader,
and
keybo
ard
The
W
ebTh
ai
2A
ccess nav
igati
on
ta
bs
go
to:
-
15 ev
al
uatio
n
c
rite
ria, w
it
h
f
ur
ther det
ai
ls
-
disabili
ti
es
li
st
with ass
ociat
ed
test
s
an
d
descri
ption
s
-
rev
ie
wed an
d
a
ppr
ov
e
d pro
duct
s
They
e
nte
r
we
bs
it
e
platf
or
m
,
URL,
nam
e,
descr
i
ption,
re
view
in
f
or
m
at
i
on
,
re
viewe
r’
s
,
e
m
ai
l
and
nam
e
of
re
view
erand
.
Six
dev
el
op
ers
rated
the
us
abili
ty
and
fu
nctionali
ty
of
the
W
ebTh
ai
2A
ccess
pr
oto
ty
pe
at
https:/
/webthai2access.o
rg
us
ing
a
5
po
int
Likert
scal
e
wh
ere
5
was
the
hig
hest
scor
e
and
the
aver
age
scor
e
was
4.
7.
Su
gg
est
ion
s
included
m
or
e
te
xt
sp
ace
by
increasing
the
char
act
er
li
m
it
,
hav
ing
m
ulti
ple
te
xt
bo
xes
an
d
chan
gin
g
the
wo
rd
“t
est
”
(
ท
ด
ส
อ
บ
)
to
“t
est
ing
”
(
ก
า
ร
ท
ด
ส
อ
บ
)
in
the
disabili
ty
ta
b
since
wh
en
translat
ed
into
Thai
it
is con
fu
sing
fo
r
the
us
er.
Ba
sed on
the
evaluati
on
resu
lt
s
and
feed
back
the
W
ebTh
ai
2Acce
ss p
ro
toty
pe
was
m
od
ifie
d
bef
or
e
con
du
ct
ing
the
exp
e
rim
ent.
Fo
ur
gr
ou
ps
of
par
ti
ci
pan
ts
too
k
par
t.
Each
gr
ou
p
sp
ent
abo
ut
an
ho
ur
to
do
the
ta
sk
apar
t
fr
om
the
hear
ing
im
pairm
ent
gr
ou
p
wh
ic
h
sp
ent
on
ly
20
m
inu
te
s
on
the
ta
sk
as
there
wer
e
on
ly
three
crit
eria
that
aff
ect
ed
this
gr
ou
p.
The
dev
el
op
ers
evaluate
d
al
l
15
crit
eria
wh
il
e
exp
erim
ental
ta
sk
s
wer
e
giv
en
to
each
disabled
gr
ou
p
based
on
the
pr
ob
le
m
s
they
had
acce
ssing
info
rm
at
ion
o
n
web
. Th
e exp
erim
ental
task o
f
each g
ro
up
w
as as f
ollow
s
in Tab
le
1
:
Table
1
.
E
xper
i
m
ental
tasks
Participan
ts Grou
p
www.p
an
tip
.co
m
www.
y
o
u
tu
b
e.co
m
www.tab.or
.th
3
0
dev
elo
p
ers
all 15
cr
iter
ia
all 15
cr
iter
ia
all 15
cr
iter
ia
3
0
vis
u
ally
i
m
p
air
ed
peo
p
le
criter
ia
nu
m
b
ers 1
-
3
and
8
-
9
criter
ia
nu
m
b
ers 1
0
-
12
criter
ia
nu
m
b
ers 4
-
5
3
0
hearing
i
m
p
ai
re
d
peo
p
le
criter
ia
nu
m
b
ers
1
,
12
and
15
-
-
3
0
elderly
peo
p
le
criter
ia
nu
m
b
ers 1,
3 an
d
12
-
15
-
criter
ia
10
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
5
,
Oct
ob
e
r 2
020
:
49
00
-
49
09
4904
Table
1
s
hows
that:
-
Thirty de
vel
opers
e
valuate
d 3
w
e
bs
it
es on al
l 15 crit
eria.
-
Thirty vis
ually
i
m
paired
pe
ople
ev
al
uate
d 3 websit
es
us
i
ng
appr
opriat
e crit
eria
-
Thirty
hea
rin
g
i
m
paired
peopl
e
evaluate
d
only
1
we
bs
it
e
usi
ng
a
ppr
opriat
e
crit
eria
as
the
r
e
was
no
vide
o
or
au
dio
that
m
ay
aff
ect
hea
rin
g
on
w
w
w.
t
ab.or
.th.
an
d
w
hethe
r
or
not
YouT
ube
vid
e
os
a
re
acce
ssib
le
t
o
hear
i
ng
im
paired
pe
ople
de
pe
nd
s
entirel
y
on
the
pe
rs
on
upload
i
ng
t
he
vide
o
an
d
not
the Y
ouT
ube
we
bsi
te
acce
ssibil
it
y.
-
Thirty el
de
rly
p
eo
ple e
valuat
ed 2
websi
te
s usi
ng appr
opriat
e crit
eria
The
res
ults
of
the
T
hai
web
de
velo
per
s
’
e
valuati
ons
were
com
par
ed
w
it
h
how
well
Thai
el
de
rly
hear
i
ng
im
paired
an
d
v
isuall
y
i
m
paired
pe
op
le
ca
rr
ie
d
out
ta
sk
s
relat
ed
to
th
ei
r
disa
bili
ti
es
us
ing
t
he
sam
e
three
web
sit
es.
This
s
howe
d
how
dev
el
oper
s’
W
e
bT
hai2
A
ccess
eval
uatio
n
sc
or
es
predic
te
d
the
acce
ssi
bili
ty
of w
e
bs
it
es fo
r
d
isa
bled use
rs (i.e.
disable
d p
eop
le
’s
ta
s
k
sc
or
es
).
6.
RESU
LT
S
, A
NA
L
YS
I
S
AND
DISCU
SSI
ON
6.1
.
Cri
teria
c
ha
n
ges
A
T
haila
nd
Web
Accessibil
it
y
Gu
i
delines
offici
al
translat
i
on
has
not
bee
n
done
no
ha
s
there
bee
n
researc
h
re
gardin
g
local
isa
ti
on
of
the
guid
el
ines
for
the
Thail
an
d’
s
c
ultur
e
a
nd
la
ng
ua
ge
an
d.
T
he
li
t
erature
rev
ie
w
ide
ntifi
ed
th
at
cha
nge
s
re
qu
i
red
f
or
the
T
hai
crit
er
ia
from
the
or
iginal
E
ng
li
s
h
W
e
b
Accessi
bili
t
y
Gu
i
delines
c
rite
ria
we
re
font
ty
pes
an
d
siz
e
s:
U.K
us
es
Sa
ns
-
se
rif
siz
e
10
-
12
px,
w
hile
Thai
us
es
seri
f
siz
e
14
-
16
px.
Crit
eria
15’s
rea
da
bili
ty
,
blink
in
g
el
e
m
ents,
sty
l
e
and
te
xt
siz
e,
was
cha
ng
e
d
f
r
om
sans
-
serif
fonts
to
serif
an
d
14
-
16
px
instea
d
of
10
-
12
p
x
t
o
su
it
Thai
we
bs
it
es
because
of
a
pu
blica
ti
on
[
22
]
.
It
is
co
ns
ist
ent
with
the
t
hr
ee
researc
h
arti
cl
es
[23
-
25]
.
It
was
f
ound
that
the
dif
fer
e
nt
ty
pe
of
cha
ract
ers
af
fect
rea
din
g,
but
the
dif
fere
nces
in
f
ont
siz
es
do
not
af
fect
read
i
ng.
Bot
h
young
rea
der
s
an
d
the
el
derl
y
li
ke
to
rea
d
Thai
char
act
e
rs
with
head
s
m
or
e
th
an
hea
dless
ch
aracte
rs.
T
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
fro
m
the
literat
ure
rev
ie
w
c
orre
sp
on
ds
to the i
nter
view
r
esults t
hat
web
sit
e
us
e
rs
l
ike
to
rea
d hea
ded cha
racters
for
T
hai.
6.2
.
In
terv
ie
w
resul
ts
In
te
r
view
res
ul
ts
showe
d
t
hat
dev
el
op
e
rs
ha
ve
li
tt
le
kn
owle
dg
e
ab
out
W
e
b
Accessibil
it
y
with
no
or
li
ttle
exp
e
rien
ce
in
us
in
g
a
screen
rea
der
so
do
no
t
know
how
to
us
e
shortc
ut
keys.
P
roblem
s
acc
essin
g
websi
te
s
are
pe
rsonal
pro
ble
m
s.
The
crit
eri
a
fo
r
e
valuati
ng
a
websi
te
that
ever
yo
ne
can
acce
ss
is
a
check
li
st
for
predict
in
g
pro
blem
s
and
obsta
cl
es
that
m
ay
occu
r
for
people
with
di
sabili
ti
es
and
the
el
der
ly
.
The
resu
lt
s
from
interv
ie
w
s inclu
de:
Vi
su
al
ly
im
pa
ired
pe
op
le
ha
ve
a
pro
blem
us
i
ng
CA
PT
CHA
as
a
scr
een
read
e
r
c
ould
not
re
a
d
the
pict
ur
e
a
nd
the
re
was
no
al
te
r
native
a
ud
i
o.
The
scre
en
read
e
r
c
ould
no
t
acce
ss
s
om
e
pd
f
file
s
with
no
al
te
rn
at
e
te
xt
to
ex
plain
pic
tures
as
they
on
ly
hea
r
“g
r
aph
ic
”.
T
he
refor
e
,
the
resea
rch
e
r
has
i
de
ntifie
d
pro
blem
s
of
“C
AP
TC
HA
”
i
n
the
c
rite
ria
1
(Form
s,
Signu
p,
L
ogin,
a
nd
)
and
the
no
“al
t
ta
g”
pro
blem
to
be
sp
eci
fied
in
t
he
crite
ria 2 (
Im
a
ge ALT
Attrib
ute).
Ma
ny
hear
i
ng
i
m
paired
pe
op
l
e
hav
e
read
i
ng
diff
ic
ulti
es
and
so
t
hey
f
ound
rea
ding
eve
n
plain
te
xt
diff
ic
ult
an
d
f
ound
it
eve
n
m
or
e
diff
ic
ult
to
rea
d
te
xt
m
ixed
betwe
en
sa
n
se
rif
a
nd
serif
.
T
herefo
re
,
the
resea
rc
her
has
s
pecifie
d
this
pr
ob
le
m
in
the
crit
eria
15.
Hear
i
ng
im
pai
red
pe
op
le
al
s
o
fou
nd
it
dif
ficult
i
n
fi
ll
ing
in
form
a
ti
on
in
the
f
orm
s
with
no
re
spon
se
fee
dba
ck.
So
m
e
we
bsi
te
s
p
r
ovide
d
ver
y
dif
ficult
c
on
te
nt,
so
they
nee
de
d
sign
la
ng
uag
e
vid
e
o
or
avata
r
to
hel
p.
T
hey
did
no
t
know
h
ow
to
z
oom
i
n
or
zo
om
ou
t
te
xt.
It
com
plies
with
UK
we
bs
it
e
dev
el
op
m
ent
crit
er
ia
[
19
]
a
nd
W3
C
web
sit
e
dev
el
op
m
ent
crit
eria
that
eve
ryo
ne
can access
[1
5]. T
her
e
fore,
t
he
r
esea
rch
e
r ha
s sp
eci
fied
t
his problem
in
the crite
ria 14.
Elderly
pe
op
le
found
it
dif
f
ic
ult
to
read
l
ess
than
10
point
te
xt.
T
his
com
plies
wit
h
[
23
-
25
]
who
s
ugge
st
that
serif
f
onts,
siz
e
14
-
16
po
int
are
s
uitable
for
s
uitable
f
or
us
e
in
T
hai
we
bs
it
es.
T
he
y
al
so
fou
nd
it
dif
ficult
in
fill
ing
inf
or
m
at
ion
in
the
form
s
with
com
plex
ste
ps
includi
ng
si
gnin
g
up
an
d
si
gn
i
ng.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
he
researc
her
has
sp
eci
fied
t
his
pro
blem
in
the
crit
eria
1.
T
he
re
was
not
en
ough
c
olour
c
ontrast
betwee
n
bac
kgr
ound
an
d
te
xt.
The
refor
e
,
el
der
ly
people
cou
l
d
not
see
it
c
le
arly
.
Ther
e
is
bl
ink
in
g
inf
or
m
at
ion
on
so
m
e
web
sit
e
s
w
hich
a
ffec
t
the
rea
ders.
T
he
refor
e
,
the
res
earche
r
has
s
p
eci
fied
this
pro
blem
in the c
rite
ria 13.
6.3.
Use
r
e
va
l
ua
ti
on
resul
ts
As
prese
nted
in
Table
2
the
30
de
velo
pers
w
ho
e
valuate
d
the
acce
ssibil
it
y
of
W
e
bT
hai2
Access
ga
ve
it
an
99
%.
av
erag
e
sc
or
e
C
rite
ria
15
,
12,
8
wer
e
rated
99
%,
95
%
a
nd
98
%
,
an
d
resp
ect
ively
.
wh
e
reas
the r
em
ai
nin
g
t
welve
c
rite
ria
ob
ta
ine
d rati
ng
s of
100%.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
and t
est
ing of
a t
ha
i w
e
bs
it
e a
c
cessi
bili
ty
evalu
atio
n
t
oo
l
(
Ke
wali
n
A
ng
k
ananon
)
4905
Table
2
.
A
ver
a
ge rat
ing
s
of
30
dev
el
op
e
r pa
rtic
ipants
rati
ng
on
W
e
bT
hai
2A
cce
ss
Criteria
Mod
e
Av
erage
sd
sd
er
ror
Inte
rval
Up
p
er
Lower
1
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
2
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
3
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
4
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
5
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
6
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
7
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
8
1
.00
0
.98
0
.12
0
.02
0
.04
1
.02
0
.93
9
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
10
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
11
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
12
1
.00
0
.94
0
.12
0
.02
0
.04
0
.99
0
.90
13
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
14
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
15
1
.00
0
.99
0
.06
0
.01
0
.02
1
.01
0
.97
The
a
ges
of
t
he
30
visu
al
ly
i
m
paired
pe
ople
va
ried
between
13
-
23
w
it
h
an
av
era
ge
age
of
19.
Four
ha
d
se
vere
visua
l
im
pair
m
ent,
7
becam
e
blin
d
a
fter
birth
wh
il
e
19
w
ere
blind
since
birt
h
a
nd
O
ne
us
e
d
NVD
A
scree
n
read
e
r
w
hile
29
us
e
d
Jaws
.
A
ll
us
ed
the
W
i
ndows
operati
ng
syst
em
ver
sion
s
10,
8
or
7
and
20
had
1
-
2
ye
ars
’
screen
rea
der
e
xp
e
rience
w
hile
10
had
5
ye
a
rs
sc
reen
rea
de
r
ex
pe
rience
T
hr
ee
us
e
d
Firef
ox
9
us
e
d
I
nter
net
Ex
plo
re
r
w
hile
18
us
e
d
the
Goo
gle
Ch
ro
m
e
bro
wse
r.
T
he
30
hear
i
ng
im
paired
us
e
rs
hand
a
n
aver
a
ge
ag
e
of
20
rangin
g
bet
ween
12
an
d
50
with
had
bee
n
dea
f
since
birth
.
Fi
ve
us
e
d
m
ob
il
e
dev
ic
es
wh
il
e
twenty
-
fi
ve
use
d
a
com
pu
te
r
s.
The
30
el
der
ly
us
er
s
ha
d
an
ave
rag
e
age
of
64.5
r
ang
i
ng
f
r
om
6
0
-
89.
Four
ha
d
m
or
e
than
3
ye
ars
’
exp
e
rience
us
i
ng
we
bs
it
es,
2
had
3
ye
a
rs’
exp
e
rience
w
hi
le
24
had
1
-
2
ye
ars’
exp
e
rience
.
Ni
ne
us
e
d
a
com
pu
te
r,
7
us
e
d
a
s
m
artphon
e
a
nd
14
us
e
d
a
ta
blet,
an
d.
T
he
30
dev
el
opers
wer
e
trai
ned
to
us
e
a
scree
n
rea
de
r
for
th
e
ex
pe
rim
ent
and
W
e
bT
hai2
Access
a
nd
al
l
ha
d
e
xperience
of
de
ve
lop
in
g
web
sit
es
us
i
ng
HTML
.
An
al
ysi
s
of
the
res
ults
dis
play
ed
in
Ta
bl
e
s
3
-
5,
s
ugge
ste
d
th
e
te
st
crit
eria
wer
e
reli
able
for
dev
el
op
e
rs
e
va
luati
ng
we
bs
i
te
s
as
f
or
t
he
15
crit
eria
t
he
a
ver
a
ge
95%
lowe
r
a
nd
uppe
r
an
d
li
m
it
s
of
confide
nce
of
the
dev
el
op
er
scor
e
s
we
re
m
inu
s
or
plu
s
10%
f
or
both
www.Yo
uT
ube.c
om
and
www.pa
ntip.c
om
web
sit
es
and
m
inu
s
o
r
plu
s
3%
for
http:/
/t
abg
r
oup.t
ab
.
or.th
a
nd
they
did
no
t
ov
e
rla
p
the
rati
ng
le
ve
ls
of
33%
or
67%.
T
his
can
be
interp
reted
to
m
ean
that
dev
el
opers
sc
ored
with
low
e
noug
h
var
ia
bili
ty
fo
r
agr
eem
ent
on
rati
ng
le
vels
usi
ng
the
f
ollo
wing
sta
ti
sti
cal
analy
sis:
st
an
dard
e
rro
r
=
sta
nd
a
r
d
dev
ia
ti
on/sq
rt
30
;
95%
c
onfi
den
ce
inter
val
=
1.9
6*
sta
nda
rd
er
ror;
up
per
lim
i
t
=
m
ean
+
co
nf
i
den
ce
inter
val;
lowe
r
lim
i
t
=
m
ean
-
con
fi
de
nce
inter
val.
If
up
per
an
d
lowe
r
lim
it
s
do
no
t
ov
e
rlap
0.3
3
(i.e.
33%)
or
0.6
7
(i.e.
67%)
the
n
w
e
c
an
say
it
is
reli
able.
For
exam
ple,
Y
ou
Tu
be
crit
eria
1
lowe
r
li
m
i
t
is
0.74
w
hich
is
>
0.6
7
therefo
re a
ver
a
ge of
0.83 ca
n be treate
d
as
nea
rest to
rati
ng
of
1
(
100%
).
Usin
g
a
sim
il
ar
analy
sis
of
the
resu
lt
s
fo
r
the
disabled
us
ers
sh
ow
n
in
Tables
6
-
8,
su
gg
est
ed
that
us
ing
the
te
st
crit
eria
was
reli
able
fo
r
evaluati
ng
web
sit
es
as
fo
r
the
15
crit
eria
the
aver
age
95
%
lower
and
up
per
li
m
it
s
of
con
fiden
ce
wer
e
m
inu
s
or
plu
s
5%
fo
r
the
hear
ing
im
paired
,
m
inu
s
or
plu
s
2%
fo
r
the
el
der
ly
and
m
inu
s o
r
plu
s 0
% f
o
r
the v
isuall
y i
m
paired
, an
d
they
d
id n
ot o
ver
la
p
the r
at
ing
levels of
3
3%
or
6
7%.
Table
1
.
De
velop
e
rs
’
rati
ng
s
cor
es
on
w
ww.
youtube.c
om
Criteria
Exp
erts’
r
atin
g
Mod
e
Av
erage
SD
SD
er
ror
Co
n
f
i
d
en
ce interval
Up
p
er
li
m
it
Lower
li
m
it
1
1
.00
1
.00
0
.83
0
.27
0
.05
0
.10
0
.93
0
.74
2
0
.33
0
.00
0
.50
0
.44
0
.08
0
.16
0
.66
0
.34
3
1
.00
1
.00
0
.91
0
.17
0
.03
0
.06
0
.97
0
.85
4
1
.00
0
.67
0
.53
0
.40
0
.07
0
.14
0
.68
0
.39
5
1
.00
1
.00
0
.81
0
.24
0
.04
0
.09
0
.90
0
.72
6
0
.67
1
.00
0
.86
0
.30
0
.05
0
.11
0
.96
0
.75
7
1
.00
1
.00
0
.88
0
.20
0
.04
0
.07
0
.95
0
.81
8
1
.00
1
.00
0
.67
0
.41
0
.07
0
.15
0
.81
0
.52
9
1
.00
1
.00
0
.91
0
.17
0
.03
0
.06
0
.97
0
.85
10
1
.00
1
.00
0
.87
0
.22
0
.04
0
.08
0
.95
0
.79
11
1
.00
1
.00
0
.74
0
.37
0
.07
0
.13
0
.88
0
.61
12
1
.00
1
.00
0
.78
0
.30
0
.05
0
.11
0
.88
0
.67
13
1
.00
1
.00
0
.77
0
.28
0
.05
0
.10
0
.87
0
.67
14
1
.00
1
.00
0
.87
0
.23
0
.04
0
.08
0
.95
0
.79
15
0
.67
1
.00
0
.91
0
.17
0
.03
0
.06
0
.97
0
.85
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
5
,
Oct
ob
e
r 2
020
:
49
00
-
49
09
4906
Table
4
.
De
velop
e
rs
’
rati
ng
s
cor
es
on w
ww.
pan
ti
p.com
Criteria
Exp
erts’
r
atin
g
Mod
e
Av
erage
SD
SD er
ror
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce interval
Up
p
er
li
m
it
Lower li
m
it
1
0
.33
1
.00
0
.87
0
.23
0
.04
0
.08
0
.95
0
.79
2
0
.00
0
.67
0
.58
0
.36
0
.07
0
.13
0
.71
0
.45
3
1
.00
1
.00
0
.88
0
.19
0
.03
0
.07
0
.94
0
.81
4
1
.00
1
.00
0
.57
0
.47
0
.08
0
.17
0
.73
0
.40
5
1
.00
1
.00
0
.82
0
.29
0
.05
0
.10
0
.93
0
.72
6
0
.67
0
.67
0
.65
0
.34
0
.06
0
.12
0
.77
0
.52
7
1
.00
1
.00
0
.73
0
.30
0
.05
0
.11
0
.84
0
.63
8
1
.00
1
.00
0
.76
0
.34
0
.06
0
.12
0
.88
0
.64
9
1
.00
1
.00
0
.91
0
.15
0
.03
0
.05
0
.97
0
.86
10
0
.67
1
.00
0
.83
0
.26
0
.05
0
.09
0
.93
0
.74
11
0
.67
1
.00
0
.79
0
.30
0
.05
0
.11
0
.89
0
.68
12
0
.33
1
.00
0
.77
0
.29
0
.05
0
.10
0
.87
0
.67
13
0
.67
0
.67
0
.60
0
.30
0
.05
0
.11
0
.71
0
.49
14
1
.00
1
.00
0
.91
0
.15
0
.03
0
.05
0
.97
0
.86
15
0
.67
1
.00
0
.87
0
.21
0
.04
0
.07
0
.94
0
.79
Table
5
.
De
velop
e
rs
’
rati
ng
s
cor
es
on w
ww.
ta
b.
or.t
h
Criteria
Exp
erts’
r
atin
g
Mod
e
Av
erage
SD
SD
er
ror
Co
n
f
i
d
en
ce interval
Up
p
er
li
m
it
Lower
li
m
it
1
1
.00
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
2
0
.67
0
.67
0
.70
0
.16
0
.03
0
.06
0
.76
0
.65
3
1
.00
1
.00
0
.98
0
.12
0
.02
0
.04
1
.02
0
.93
4
1
.00
0
.33
0
.48
0
.26
0
.05
0
.09
0
.57
0
.38
5
1
.00
1
.00
0
.98
0
.08
0
.02
0
.03
1
.01
0
.95
6
1
.00
1
.00
0
.99
0
.06
0
.01
0
.02
1
.01
0
.97
7
1
.00
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
8
1
.00
1
.00
0
.96
0
.17
0
.03
0
.06
1
.02
0
.89
9
0
.33
0
.33
0
.46
0
.27
0
.05
0
.10
0
.56
0
.37
10
1
.00
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
11
1
.00
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
12
0
.33
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
13
0
.67
0
.67
0
.73
0
.13
0
.02
0
.04
0
.77
0
.68
14
1
.00
1
.00
0
.99
0
.06
0
.01
0
.02
1
.01
0
.97
15
0
.67
0
.67
0
.70
0
.10
0
.02
0
.04
0
.74
0
.67
Table
6
.
Elderl
y
par
ti
ci
pa
nts’ rati
ng
s
Criteria
Mod
e
Av
erage
SD
SD
er
ror
Co
n
f
i
d
en
ce interval
Up
p
er
li
m
it
Lower
li
m
it
1
1
0
.92
0
.14
0
.03
0
.05
1
.05
0
.95
3
1
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
10
1
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
12
1
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
13
1
0
.92
0
.14
0
.03
0
.05
1
.05
0
.95
14
1
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
15
1
0
.93
0
.13
0
.02
0
.05
1
.05
0
.95
Table
7.
Hear
i
ng im
paired
p
a
rtic
ipants’
r
at
in
gs
Criteria
Mod
e
Av
erage
SD
SD
er
ror
Co
n
f
i
d
en
ce interval
Up
p
er
li
m
it
Lower
li
m
it
1
1
0
.99
0
.06
0
.01
0
.02
1
.02
0
.98
12
1
0
.89
0
.16
0
.03
0
.06
1
.06
0
.94
15
1
0
.85
0
.17
0
.03
0
.06
1
.06
0
.94
Table
8.
Visu
al
ly
i
m
paired
p
a
r
ti
ci
pan
ts’
rati
ngs
Criteria
Mod
e
Av
erage
SD
SD
er
ror
Co
n
f
i
d
en
ce interval
Up
p
er
li
m
it
Lower
li
m
it
1
0
.33
0
.33
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.33
0
.33
2
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
3
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
4
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
8
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
9
0
.33
0
.33
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.33
0
.33
10
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
11
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
12
1
.00
1
.00
0
.00
0
.00
0
.00
1
.00
1
.00
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
and t
est
ing of
a t
ha
i w
e
bs
it
e a
c
cessi
bili
ty
evalu
atio
n
t
oo
l
(
Ke
wali
n
A
ng
k
ananon
)
4907
The
aver
age d
iffer
ence b
et
ween
the
aver
age sco
res
of
the ex
per
ts
and
d
evelop
ers
was
18
%
(ign
or
ing
diff
eren
ce
directi
on
)
and
2%
wh
en
the
diff
eren
ce
in
directi
on
was
co
ns
idered
.
The
m
od
e
rati
ng
s
wer
e
the
sam
e
fo
r
the
exp
erts
and
dev
el
op
ers
fo
r
al
l
web
sit
es
fo
r
crit
eria
3,
5,
7,
8,
13
,
and
14
,
fo
r
13
crit
eria
on
ta
bg
ro
up
,
9
crit
eria
on
Pantip
and
11
crit
eria
on
Yo
uTu
be.
Com
par
ing
the
scor
es
of
the
dev
el
op
ers
with
the
3
gr
ou
ps
of
30
hear
ing
im
paired
,
bli
nd
and
el
der
ly
,
us
ers
sh
ow
ed
that
the
aver
age
diff
eren
ce
fo
r
the
hear
ing
im
paired
was
8%,
fo
r
the
el
der
ly
was
17
%,
and
fo
r
the
blind
us
ers
was
26
%,
and
(ign
or
ing
the
diff
eren
ce
in
directi
on
),
and
-
7%
-
17
%,
-
1%,
wh
en
the
diff
eren
ce
sign
was
con
sidered
.
Th
e
gr
eat
est
diff
eren
ce
between
blind
us
ers
and
dev
el
op
ers
wer
e
-
58
%
52
%,
54
%,
resp
ect
ively
fo
r
crit
eria
1,
2,
(
ww
w.
pan
ti
p.
com
)
and
4
(
http:/
/t
abg
ro
up
.tab.o
r.
th
)
.
Loo
kin
g
at
the
m
od
e
values
there
was
agr
eem
ent
between
the
blind
us
ers
and
dev
el
op
ers
apar
t
fr
o
m
crit
eria
4,
2,
1w
her
e
the
m
od
e
rati
ng
s
fo
r
blind
u
sers
wer
e
10
0%
0%,
33
%,
and
fo
r
the
dev
el
op
ers
wer
e
33
%
67
%,
10
0%,
resp
ect
ively
.
The
m
od
e
rati
ng
s
by
t
he
blind
us
ers
wer
e
the
sam
e
as
the
exp
ert
rati
ng
s
fo
r
al
l
crit
eria
su
gg
est
ing
that
the
exp
erts
wer
e
b
et
te
r
that
the
dev
el
op
ers
at
pr
edict
ing
ho
w
the
blind
us
ers
wo
uld
per
fo
rm
.
This
m
igh
t
be
becau
se
of
the
la
ck
of
screen
read
er
exp
erience
of
the d
evelop
ers.
The
gr
eat
est
diff
eren
ce
between
and
el
der
ly
us
ers
and
dev
el
op
ers
wer
e
and
23
%
and
-
resp
ect
ively
fo
r
crit
eria
13
and
12
(
ww
w.
pan
ti
p.
com
)
and
the
on
ly
m
od
e
rati
ng
s
diff
er
ence
wer
e
fo
r
crit
eria
13
wh
ere
the
dev
el
op
er
m
od
e
was
67
%
.
An
d
the
el
der
ly
m
od
e
was
10
0
%
The
exp
ert
rati
ng
fo
r
crit
eria
13
was
al
so
67
%
su
gg
est
ing
that t
he
exp
erts w
ere n
ot b
et
te
r
than
the d
evelop
ers
at
p
red
ic
ti
ng
h
ow
the elder
ly
u
sers
wo
uld
per
fo
rm
on
crit
eria
13
.
The
aver
age
diff
eren
ces
between
and
dev
el
op
ers
wer
e
-
2%,
12
%,
12
%fo
r
crit
eria
15
,
12
,
1,
resp
ect
ively
and
the
m
od
e
rati
ng
s
wer
e
the
sam
e,
su
gg
est
ing
the
dev
el
op
ers
pr
edict
ed
the
hear
ing
im
paired
p
eop
le
’s
per
fo
rm
ance q
uite well
.
6.
4
.
Ca
se st
udy
results
F
o
r
t
h
e
C
a
s
e
S
t
u
d
y
,
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
i
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
t
h
a
t
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
s
o
l
v
e
d
w
e
r
e
:
a.
No
Im
age
ALT
Attrib
utes
an
d
Text
Alte
r
na
ti
ve
for
al
l
i
m
a
ges
in
the
who
le
web
sit
e.
The
refor
e
,
a
scree
n
read
e
r
c
ou
l
d n
ot r
ea
d
t
hem
: im
pr
ov
e
d by ad
ding
ALT Att
ri
bu
te
s
and Te
xt
Alte
rn
at
ive
for al
l im
ages
b.
No
Im
age
A
L
T
Attrib
utes
a
nd
Te
xt
Alte
r
na
ti
ve
f
or
a
m
a
p
as
it
was
pla
ced
in
a
fr
am
e
an
d
th
e
URL
of
the
m
ap
was
c
op
ie
d
f
r
om
goog
le
m
ap
locat
ion
t
her
e
fore
a
scree
n
rea
de
r
cou
l
dn’t
rea
d
i
t.
Tried
to
a
dd
cod
e
<f
ram
e
na
m
e
=
“nam
e”
>
but
it
didn’t
work
bec
ause
the
c
od
e
s
we
re
cop
ie
d
from
the
m
ap,
so
whe
n
add
i
ng code,
th
e p
ic
tu
re
of
t
he
m
ap
disap
pear:
i
m
pr
oved
b
y
add
i
ng alt
ern
at
ive text
for
a
m
ap.
c.
Ther
e
is
no
ca
ption
i
n
the
vi
deo.
N
o
Im
age
ALT
Attrib
ut
es
and
Te
xt
Al
te
rn
at
ive
f
or
a
vid
e
o
an
d
al
so
the
vi
de
o
was
place
d
in
a
fra
m
e.
The
vi
de
o
was
c
reat
ed
in
t
he
ce
nter
in
Ba
ng
kok
so
the
de
velo
pe
r
cou
l
dn’t
ad
d
c
aptions
he
rself
.
The
de
velo
pe
r
al
so
didn
’t
know
how
t
o
cr
eat
e
capti
ons
s
o
the
resea
rche
r
ta
ught
the
de
ve
lop
e
r
ho
w
to
add
ca
ptio
ns
f
or
fu
t
ur
e
w
ork
.
The
researc
he
r
ta
ught
the
de
velo
per
how
t
o
add cap
ti
ons
on to t
he vid
eo
.
d.
Ther
e
is
no
e
xpla
natio
n
la
be
l
in
the
“Ot
her”
fiel
d
in
the
s
at
isfact
ion
for
m
so
a
screen
read
e
r
c
ou
l
dn’
t
read i
t:
ch
an
ge
s b
y a
ddin
g
a
n exp
la
natio
n
la
be
l on “Ot
her
”
fi
el
d.
These
resu
lt
s
and
analy
sis
theref
or
e
sh
ow
that
it
is
po
ssibl
e
to
dev
el
op
a
un
iqu
e
easy
to
us
e
and
reli
able
m
et
ho
d
and
on
li
ne
web
too
l
W
ebTh
ai
2A
ccess
with
15
crit
eria
that
can
be
us
ed
by
dev
el
op
ers
wh
o
are
no
t
acce
ssibil
it
y
exp
erts
to
evaluate
and
fix
the
acce
ssibil
it
y
of
Thai
web
sit
es.
Pr
eviou
s
pu
blished
research
has
inv
olv
ed
acce
ssibil
it
y
exp
erts
us
ing
the
com
plica
te
d
W
CAG
gu
ideli
nes
with
so
m
e
60
te
st
crit
eria and
h
as n
ot inv
est
igate
Th
ai
w
ebsite
accessi
bili
ty
.
7.
CONCL
US
I
O
N AND F
UT
U
RE W
ORK
This
research
dev
el
op
ed,
evaluate
and
ver
ifie
d
a
un
iqu
e
so
luti
on
,
W
ebTh
ai
2access,
that
add
ressed
the
im
po
rtant
pr
ob
le
m
of
a
la
ck
of
an
easy
to
app
ly
way
to
help
dev
el
op
ers
with
the
fixin
g
and
evaluati
on
of
the
acce
ssibil
it
y
of
Thail
and
web
sit
es.
The
resu
lt
s
sh
ow
ed
the
go
od
acce
ssibil
it
y
and
reli
abili
ty
of
W
ebTh
ai
2A
ccess
with
dev
el
op
ers’
evaluati
on
s
pr
edict
ing
the
acce
ssibil
it
y
of
web
sit
es
fo
r
disabled
us
ers
reaso
nab
ly
well
.
The
aver
age
rati
ng
of
4.
7
ou
t
of
5
sh
ow
ed
dev
el
op
ers
fo
un
d
W
ebTh
ai
2A
ccess
ver
y
us
abl
e.
Fo
r
the
15
crit
eria
the
aver
age
95
%
lower
and
up
per
li
m
it
s
of
con
fiden
ce
of
the
dev
el
op
er
scor
es
wer
e
m
inu
s
or
plu
s
10
%
fo
r
bo
th
Pantip
and
Yo
uTu
be
web
sit
es
and
plu
s
or
m
inu
s
3%
fo
r
blind
associat
ion
web
sit
e
and
they
did
no
t
ov
erlap
the
too
l
rati
ng
le
ve
ls
wh
ic
h
wer
e
33
%
or
67
%.
The
resu
lt
s
fo
r
disabled
us
ers
su
gg
est
ed
the
te
st
crit
eria
wer
e
reli
able
fo
r
web
sit
e
evaluati
on
as
fo
r
the
15
crit
eria
the
aver
age
95
%
lower
and
up
per
li
m
it
s
of
con
fiden
ce
wer
e
m
inu
s
or
plu
s
5%
fo
r
the
hear
ing
im
paired
,
m
inu
s
or
p
lus
or
2%
fo
r
the
el
der
ly
,
m
inu
s
or
plu
s
0%
fo
r
the
visu
al
ly
im
paired
,
and
they
did
no
t
ov
erlap
the
rati
ng
le
vels
of
33
%
or
67
%.
The
case
stud
y
ver
ifie
d
that
W
ebTh
ai
2access
cou
ld
su
ccessfu
ll
y
be
us
ed
by
a
dev
el
op
er
to
first
identify
and
then
cor
rect
pr
ob
l
em
s
in
a
web
sit
e.
Fu
ture
wo
rk
sh
ou
ld
research
ho
w
to
even
fu
rther
im
pr
ov
e
the
pr
edict
ion
s
of
w
ebsite
issues
and
also d
evelop
techn
iqu
es and
crite
ria fo
r
evaluati
ng
m
ob
il
e d
evice acc
essibil
it
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
5
,
Oct
ob
e
r 2
020
:
49
00
-
49
09
4908
8.
RECOM
ME
NDATIO
N
Ba
sed
on
the
resu
lt
s
of
this
research
it
is
rec
om
m
end
ed
that
al
l
web
sit
e
dev
el
op
ers
in
Thail
and
us
e
W
ebTh
ai
2A
ccess
to
evaluate
the
acce
ssibil
it
y
of
their
web
sit
es
to
im
pr
ov
e
their
acce
ssibil
it
y.
W
ebTh
ai
2A
cess
can
be
us
ed
wh
en
design
ing
and
dev
el
op
ing
a
new
web
sit
e
and
al
so
fo
r
evaluati
ng
existi
ng
web
si
te
s to
m
ake th
em
m
or
e accessi
ble.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
inv
est
igati
on
was
fu
nd
ed
by
The
Thail
and
Re
search
Fu
nd
in
20
16
.
Than
ks
to
the
Su
ratt
han
i
Ra
j
abh
at
U
niv
ersit
y
for
their su
pp
or
t. Last
bu
t no
t
le
ast
, w
e than
k
al
l exp
erim
ent p
arti
ci
pan
ts
and
ex
per
ts
that
pr
ov
ided
the co
m
m
ents to
im
pr
ov
e this research
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Nati
ona
l
Com
m
it
tee
for
the
Prom
oti
on
and
Dev
el
opm
ent
of
the
Quali
t
y
of
L
ife
of
the
Disable
d
,
“
Nati
onal
p
la
n
f
or
the
developm
ent
of
the
qual
ity
o
f
li
fe
of
the
disa
ble
d,
”
Iss
ue
5,
pp.
2560
-
2564
B.
E.
,
Jan
2017,
[
O
nli
ne]
Avail
able:
htt
ps://
ww
w.m
-
societ
y
.
go
.
th/
m
ain.php
?
fi
le
name
=
inde
x.
[2]
Nati
ona
l
Sta
ti
sti
ca
l
Offic
e
,
“
Num
ber
of
people
with
disab
il
i
ti
e
s
in
Thail
and
,
”
Aug
2018,
[O
nli
ne]
Availabl
e
:
htt
p://ww
w.nso.go.
th.
[3]
W
apa
tt
an
awong,
P.,
and
Prasa
tkul
,
P
.
,
“
Th
ai
popula
t
ion
in
the
fu
ture
,
”
Mar
2006,
[O
nli
ne]
Availabl
e:
htt
p://ipsr.mahid
ol.
a
c.th.
[4]
Redmond
,
W
ash
,
“
Acc
essibil
ity
r
ese
ar
ch
stud
y
,
”
News
Mic
ros
oft
,
Jan
2003,
[Online
]
Avail
ab
le:
htt
ps://
n
ews.m
icros
oft.
com/2004
/02/
02/ne
w
-
r
ese
arc
h
-
from
-
forre
s
te
r
-
and
-
m
ic
rosof
t
-
show
s
-
m
il
li
ons
-
of
-
agi
ng
-
bab
y
-
boom
ers
-
can
-
be
nef
it
-
from
-
a
cc
es
sible
-
t
ec
hnolog
y/
.
[5]
BBC,
“
Mos
t
website
s
f
ailing
disab
le
d
,
”
Mar
2006,
[Online
]
Available:
ht
tp:
/
/
news.bbc
.
co.
uk/
1/hi
/
te
chno
log
y
/6210
068.
stm
.
[6]
W
est,
G.,
“
91%
of
SM
E
website
s
are
'
pr
ehi
stor
ic'
and
no
t
a
cce
ss
ibl
e
via
m
obile
accordi
ng
to
BaseKit
surve
y
,
”
The
Drum
,
Ma
r
2014,
[Onlin
e
]
Avail
abl
e:
h
ttp://
ww
w.t
hedr
u
m
.
com/news/2014/03/
04/91
-
sm
e
-
website
s
-
are
-
not
-
ac
c
essible
-
m
obile
-
accordi
ng
-
b
ase
kit
-
surve
y
.
[7]
Ministr
y
of
Inf
orm
at
ion
Te
chn
olog
y
and
Com
m
unic
at
ion
,
“
Fr
amework
poli
c
y
for
informati
on
te
chnol
og
y
a
nd
comm
unic
at
ion
per
io
d,
2
011
–
2020
,
”
Apr
201
1,
[Onlin
e]
.
Avail
able:
h
tt
p:
//
ww
w.t
hai
web
acce
ss
ibi
lit
y
.
com/site
s
/
def
ault/files/c
on
t
ent
_t
y
p
es/we
b_c
onte
nt/ict
20
20_b
ook_.
pdf.
[8]
Tha
i
W
eb
Acc
e
ss
ibi
li
t
y
,
“
W
ebsit
e
m
onit
oring
proje
c
t
that
ever
y
one
h
as
acce
s
s
to
and
web
a
cc
essibi
li
t
y
und
er
Tha
i
la
w
,
”
M
a
r
.
2012,
[Onlin
e]
Avail
ab
le
:
htt
p
:/
/
ww
w.t
hai
weba
c
ce
ss
ibi
lit
y
.
com.
[9]
Benmous
sa,
K.,
La
a
zi
ri
,
M.,
K
houlj
i,
S.
,
Kerk
eb,
M.
L
.
,
Ya
m
ami,
A.
El
.
,
“
Enh
anc
ed
m
odel
for
erg
onom
i
c
eva
lu
at
ion
of
inf
orm
at
ion
s
y
stems
:
appl
ic
a
ti
on
to
scie
ntific
rese
arch
informati
on
s
y
stem
,
”
Inte
rnati
onal
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
C
omputer
Engi
n
e
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
v
ol
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp
.
6
83
-
694,
2019
.
[10]
W
ah
y
uningrum,
T.
and
Mus
tofa
,
K.,
“
A
s
y
ste
m
at
ic
m
appi
ng
rev
ie
w
of
software
qualit
y
m
eas
ure
m
ent
:
rese
ar
c
h
tre
nds,
m
odel,
a
nd
m
et
hod,
”
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
of
Elec
tri
cal
and
Computer
E
ngine
ering
(
IJE
CE)
,
v
ol.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
pp.
2847
-
2854
,
2017.
[11]
Na
y
ebpour
,
A.
and
Rashid,
H.,
“
Presenti
ng
m
et
ric
s
for
eva
luation
of
e
xper
t
s
y
st
ems
base
d
on
servic
e
orie
nt
ed
arc
hi
tectur
e
,
”
Int
ernational
Journal
of
El
ectric
al
and
Computer
Engi
nee
ring
(
IJE
CE
)
,
vo
l.
3,
n
o.
5,
pp.
688
–
695
,
20
13.
[12]
Berne
rs
-
Lee, T
.
,
“
W
3C
Acc
essibil
ity
,
”
[Onl
ine
]
.
Avail
ab
le
:
htt
p
:/
/
ww
w.w3.or
g/sta
ndar
ds/webdesig
n/a
c
ce
ss
ibi
l
ity
.
[13]
Unite
d
Nati
ons,
“
The
Convent
io
n
on
the
Right
s
of
Persons
with
Disabil
ities
(CRP
D)
,
”
Unite
d
Na
ti
ons,
Mar
2006,
[Online
]
Available:
htt
ps:
//
w
ww
.
un.
org/de
v
elopm
ent
/de
sa/d
isabi
litie
s/
conve
n
t
ion
-
on
-
the
-
r
ight
s
-
of
-
per
sons
-
with
-
disabi
litie
s
.
html
.
[14]
Henr
y
,
S.
and
Arch,
A.
W
.
,
“
Deve
lopi
ng
a
web
ac
c
essibil
i
t
y
bus
ine
ss
ca
se
for
y
our
orga
niz
a
ti
on
,
”
w3
,
Jan
2012,
[Online
]
Availab
le
:
htt
p
:/
/www
.
w3.org/
W
AI/bc
as
e/
.
[15]
W
3C,
“
W
eb
cont
en
t
a
ccess
ibi
li
t
y
gu
id
el
in
es
(W
CA
G)
2.
1
,
”
Au
g
2018,
[Online
]
.
Avai
la
bl
e
:
htt
ps://
ww
w.w3.
org/T
R/WCA
G21/
.
[16]
Rogers,
M.,
“
Governm
ent
acce
s
sibil
ity
st
anda
rd
s
and
W
CAG
2
,
”
Powe
r
Mappe
r
,
Oct
2017,
[Online
]
.
Availabl
e:
htt
ps://
ww
w.po
werm
appe
r.
com/
blog/
gover
nm
en
t
-
acce
ss
ibi
l
ity
-
st
anda
rds/
[17]
Schm
utz
,
S.,
So
nder
egge
r
,
A.
,
a
nd
Sauer
,
J.
,
“
I
m
ple
m
ent
ing
re
c
om
m
enda
ti
ons
from
web
ac
c
essibil
ity
gu
ide
-
li
ne
s:
A
compara
ti
ve
s
tud
y
of
nondisa
ble
d
users
and
users
with
visual
impairments.
hu
m
an
fac
tors
,
”
T
he
Journal
of
th
e
Hum
an
Fac
tors
and
Ergonomics
Society
,
v
o
l. 59
,
no.
6,
pp.
956
-
9
72,
2017
.
[18]
Ahm
i,
A.
and
M
ohamad,
R.
,
“
Cu
rre
nt
state
of
web
ac
ce
ss
ibilit
y
of
Malay
s
ia
n
m
inis
tri
es
website
s
,
”
AIP
Confe
ren
c
e
Proce
ed
ings
,
vo
l
.
1761
,
Aug 201
6
.
[Onlin
e]
Avai
la
bl
e:
h
tt
ps:/
/a
ip
.
scit
ation.
org
10.
1063/1.
4960854.
[19]
W
al
d,
M.,
Draff
an,
E
.
A.,
Newm
an,
R.
,
Skus
e,
S.
,
and
Pheth
ea
n
C.
,
“
Acc
ess
toolkit
for
educat
ion
,
”
In:
Computer
s
Helpi
ng
Pe
opl
e with
Sp
ec
ia
l
N
eeds
.
ICCHP
2012
.
Lec
ture
No
te
s i
n
Computer
Sc
ience
,
v
ol
.
7382
,
p
p
.
51
-
58
,
2012
.
[20]
Sloan,
D.
and
K
el
l
y
,
B.
,
“
Reflec
ti
ons
on
the
dev
el
opm
ent
of
a
h
oli
stic
appr
oa
ch
to
web
a
ccess
ibi
li
t
y
,
”
ADDW08
Confe
renc
e,
Aug
2008,
[Online
]
Available:
h
tt
p:
/
/opus.ba
th
.
a
c.
uk/
12111
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Develo
pm
e
nt
and t
est
ing of
a t
ha
i w
e
bs
it
e a
c
cessi
bili
ty
evalu
atio
n
t
oo
l
(
Ke
wali
n
A
ng
k
ananon
)
4909
[21]
Angkana
non,
K.
,
W
al
d,
M.
,
and
Ploada
ksorn
P.,
“
Deve
lopi
ng
an
d
eva
lu
at
ing
a
T
hai
websit
e
acces
sibil
ity
ch
ec
k
er
,
”
In:
Ste
phanidi
s
C.
(
Eds
)
HCI
I
nte
rnational
20
17
–
Poste
rs
'
E
xt
end
ed
Abs
trac
ts.
HCI
2017
,
C
omm
unic
ati
ons
in
Computer
and
I
nformation
Sc
ience
,
v
ol
.
713
,
pp
.
3
-
10
,
2017
.
[22]
Kam
oll
ims
akul
,
S.,
Petri
e
,
H.,
a
nd
Pow
er,
C.
,
“Web
ac
ce
ss
ibi
l
ity
for
olde
r
re
ad
ers
:
Eff
ects
of
font
t
y
p
e
and
font
size
on
skim
rea
ding
webpa
ges
i
n
Tha
i
,
”
In
Computers
Helpi
ng
Pe
opl
e
wit
h
Spe
ci
al
Ne
eds.
ICC
HP
2014.
Lect
ure
Note
s in
Comput
er
Scienc
e
,
v
ol.
8547,
pp
.
332
-
3
39,
2014
.
[23]
Berna
rd.
M,
Li
d
a,
B,
and
R
il
e
y
,
S.,
“
A
compari
s
on
of
popula
r
onli
ne
fonts
:
W
hich
size
and
t
y
pe
i
s
best
?
”
Jun
2016
[Online
]
,
Avai
la
ble
:
htt
p
:/
/usab
il
i
t
y
n
ews.org/
a
-
co
m
par
ison
-
of
-
popula
r
-
onl
ine
-
fonts
-
which
-
size
-
and
-
t
y
p
e
-
is
-
best
/.
[24]
Rel
lo
.
L
and
Pielot.
M.
,
“
Make
it
big!
The
eff
e
ct
p
f
font
size a
nd
l
i
ne
spac
ing
on
on
li
ne
r
ea
d
abi
l
ity
,
”
Proce
ed
ings o
f
the
2016
CHI C
onfe
renc
e
on
Hum
an
Fac
tors
in
Computing
Syst
e
ms
,
San
Jos
e, California, US
A,
2016.
[25]
Pow
er,
C.
,
Fre
ir
e,
A.P.
,
Petr
ie
,
H.
and
Sw
al
low
,
D.,
“
Guideline
s
are
onl
y
ha
lf
t
he
stor
y
:
Acc
essibil
i
t
y
probl
ems
enc
out
erd
b
y
blind
users
on
the
we
b
,
”
Proc
ee
d
in
gs
of
the
SIGCH
I
Confe
renc
e
on
Hum
an
Fac
tors
in
Computing
Syste
ms
,
Aus
ti
n
,
Te
x
as,
US
A,
20
12.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Dr.
K
e
w
a
li
n
An
gkan
a
non
is
a
le
c
ture
r
at
Dep
art
m
ent
of
Busi
ness
Inform
at
io
n
S
y
stem,
Suratt
hani
R
aja
bhat
Univer
si
t
y
.
Her
expe
rt
ise
is
doing
rese
ar
c
h
in
the
fi
el
ds
of
web
ac
c
essibil
i
t
y
,
tec
hnolog
y
for
d
isa
ble
d
p
eopl
e
,
and
web and
m
obil
e
applications.
Pr
ofe
ss
or
Mi
ke
Wald
le
ads
rese
arc
h
int
o
a
ccess
ibl
e
technologies i
n
the
W
eb
and
Inte
rne
t
Scie
nc
e
Group,
ECS,
Univer
sit
y
of
Southampton.
He
has
had
m
an
y
y
e
ars
of
e
xper
ie
n
ce
working
with
disabl
ed
users
in
rese
arc
h
,
d
e
vel
opm
ent
,
support
and
provi
sion
of
knowledge
in th
e
ar
ea
s of
disab
ilit
y
,
assistive t
echnolog
y
and
digital a
c
ce
ss
ibilit
y
.
Mi
ss
Piy
abu
d
Pl
odak
sorn
is
a
le
ct
ur
er
a
t
Dep
art
m
ent
of
Busi
ness
Inform
at
ion
Sy
st
em,
Suratt
hani
R
aj
a
bhat
Univer
sit
y
.
Her
expe
rti
se
i
s
in
computer
gra
phic,
ani
m
ati
on,
and
m
obil
e
app
li
c
ati
ons.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.