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s
to
r
w
o
r
k
in
i
ts
a
n
ac
ti
v
e
r
eg
io
n
,
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
m
atc
h
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
to
allo
w
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
to
tr
an
s
f
er
f
r
o
m
i
n
p
u
t to
o
u
tp
u
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
R
F p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
R
F p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
[
2
]
I
n
[
3
]
,
C
-
b
an
d
m
icr
o
w
av
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
d
esig
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
A
.
S.
Alq
ad
a
m
i
a
n
d
M.
F.
J
am
lo
s
f
o
r
w
ir
ele
s
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
u
p
to
2
.
1
4
d
B
g
ain
an
d
co
v
er
s
f
r
o
m
5
.
6
GHz
to
6
GHz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
n
l
y
0
.
4
GHz
wh
ich
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
a
s
a
w
id
e
-
b
an
d
.
Hig
h
p
o
w
er
,
an
d
w
id
e
-
b
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
lifie
r
u
s
in
g
g
alli
u
m
n
itrid
e
-
h
i
g
h
elec
tr
o
n
m
o
b
ilit
y
(
GaN
-
HE
MT
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
4
]
,
th
is
w
o
r
k
ac
h
ie
v
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
1
0
W
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
w
ith
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
1
5
d
B
g
ain
,
a
n
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
ad
d
ed
ef
f
icien
c
y
(
P
A
E
)
o
f
6
1
%.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
w
o
r
k
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
a
li
m
ited
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
w
h
ic
h
i
s
1
.
1
GHz
,
an
d
w
h
ich
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ee
t
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
w
id
e
-
b
an
d
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
l
if
ier
.
I
n
[
5
]
,
C
ascad
ed
class
A
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
o
p
er
ated
at
2
.
4
G
Hz
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
d
ev
ice
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
0
.
5
w
att
s
o
r
2
7
d
B
m
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
o
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
esu
lt
s
.
W
h
er
e
h
as
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
P
A
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
c
h
as,
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
[
6
]
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
lo
w
v
o
lta
g
e
cla
s
s
A
B
P
A
f
o
r
W
ir
eless
Sen
s
o
r
Net
wo
r
k
.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
m
a
n
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
,
b
u
t
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
s
u
f
f
er
ed
f
r
o
m
l
i
m
i
ted
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
h
ig
h
in
ter
m
o
d
u
latio
n
d
is
to
r
tio
n
[
7
]
-
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
p
r
esen
t
s
a
w
id
e
-
b
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
lifie
r
d
esig
n
u
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
S
-
b
a
n
d
.
Si
n
g
le
-
s
ec
tio
n
q
u
ar
ter
w
a
v
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
atch
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
d
eli
v
er
ed
to
th
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
d
esi
g
n
m
ee
ts
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e
w
id
e
-
b
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
w
h
ic
h
co
v
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
2
GH
z
to
4
GHZ
.
T
h
e
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
w
id
e
-
b
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
w
id
eb
an
d
P
o
w
er
Am
p
lifie
r
(
W
P
A
)
,
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
ca
n
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
s
ep
ar
atel
y
an
d
th
e
n
r
ec
o
m
b
in
e
u
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
m
b
i
n
er
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
m
b
in
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
t
w
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
p
ar
allel
w
h
er
e
th
eir
i
n
p
u
t
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
iv
id
er
,
an
d
th
eir
o
u
t
p
u
t r
ec
o
m
b
in
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
p
o
wer
co
m
b
i
n
er
[
1
2
]
.
W
id
e
-
b
an
d
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
d
esig
n
:
a.
T
r
an
s
is
to
r
s
elec
tio
n
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
P
A
i
s
s
elec
ti
n
g
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tr
an
s
is
to
r
,
th
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
in
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
i
s
A
T
F
-
5
1
1
P
8
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
Av
a
g
o
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
is
id
ea
l
as
a
h
ig
h
li
n
ea
r
it
y
,
lo
w
-
n
o
i
s
e,
m
ed
iu
m
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
lif
ier
.
I
ts
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
is
f
r
o
m
5
0
MH
z
to
6
GH
z.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
i
s
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
u
n
d
er
g
o
Gall
iu
m
A
r
s
e
n
id
e
E
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t M
o
d
e
p
HE
M
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
b.
B
iasi
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
T
h
e
B
iasi
n
g
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
u
s
e
s
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
w
ith
o
p
ti
m
u
m
DC
v
o
lta
g
e,
to
g
i
v
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
W
P
A
.
Fo
r
AT
F
-
5
1
1
P
8
tr
an
s
is
to
r
u
s
ed
,
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
b
iased
at
th
e
p
o
in
t
w
h
er
e
VDS
=
4
.
5
V
an
d
I
DS =
2
0
0
m
A
(
0
.
2
A
)
as s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
870
8
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
5
0
4
–
3
5
1
1
3506
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
iasi
n
g
p
o
in
t o
f
A
T
F
-
5
1
1
P
8
c.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
Ma
tch
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
T
h
e
m
a
tch
i
n
g
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
u
s
e
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
d
el
iv
er
ed
to
th
e
lo
ad
.
Ma
tch
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
u
s
u
all
y
p
lace
d
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
(
i
n
p
u
t
m
atc
h
in
g
)
,
a
n
d
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
an
d
t
h
e
lo
ad
(
o
u
tp
u
t
m
atc
h
i
n
g
)
.
Si
n
g
le
s
ec
t
io
n
q
u
ar
ter
w
av
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
as
a
m
atc
h
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
co
n
s
id
er
s
as
a
u
s
e
f
u
l
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tical
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
a
tch
i
n
g
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
its
s
i
m
p
l
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e
cir
cu
it [
1
3
]
.
Sin
g
le
s
ec
tio
n
q
u
ar
ter
w
av
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
atch
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sin
g
le
s
ec
tio
n
q
u
ar
te
r
w
av
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
atch
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
1
3
]
d.
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
P
o
w
er
Am
p
li
f
ie
r
(
P
A
)
an
d
Fil
ter
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
b
an
d
-
p
ass
f
ilter
s
(
B
P
Fs
)
at
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
i
s
to
a
llo
w
o
n
l
y
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
an
d
s
to
p
as
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
an
d
w
ill
le
ad
to
atten
u
ate
u
n
w
an
ted
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
g
en
er
ated
i
n
a
w
id
e
b
an
d
o
f
th
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
B
P
F
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
p
ar
allel
co
u
p
led
li
n
e
b
an
d
p
as
s
f
ilter
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
c
h
e
m
atic
d
i
ag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
B
P
F d
esig
n
in
Ad
v
an
ce
d
De
s
i
g
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
ADS
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
ar
allel
co
u
p
led
lin
e
B
P
F
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Desig
n
o
f W
id
e
-
b
a
n
d
P
o
w
er A
mp
lifi
er B
a
s
ed
o
n
P
o
w
er C
o
mb
in
er Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
it
h
Lo
w
…
(
Mu
s
s
a
Ma
b
r
o
k
)
3507
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
P
a
ra
llel c
o
up
led line
B
P
F
Du
e
to
d
iv
id
in
g
W
P
A
in
to
t
wo
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
s
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-
3
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&
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)
,
t
w
o
B
P
Fs
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
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n
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
b
an
d
.
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u
r
e
5
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
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s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
t
w
o
B
P
Fs
.
W
h
er
e
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
w
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
at
B
P
F
h
as
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S
11
)
w
it
h
ar
o
u
n
d
-
3
0
d
B
at
th
e
ce
n
ter
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
2
.
5
GHz
,
also
it
s
h
o
w
s
g
o
o
d
i
n
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
(
S
12
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ar
o
u
n
d
-
1
d
B
in
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
2
to
3
GHz
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
e
s
u
l
ts
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S
11
)
w
it
h
ar
o
u
n
d
-
3
0
d
B
at
th
e
ce
n
ter
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
3
.
5
GHz
,
a
ls
o
it
s
h
o
w
s
g
o
o
d
in
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
(
S
12
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o
u
n
d
-
1
d
B
in
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
3
to
4
GHz
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
(
a)
Sim
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
B
P
F (
2
-
3
GHz
)
,
(
b
)
Si
m
u
l
atio
n
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
B
P
F (
3
-
4
GHz
)
3
.
2
.
Wide
-
ba
nd
po
w
er
a
m
pli
f
ier
(
WP
A)
des
ig
n
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
W
P
A
w
as
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
as
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
&
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i
g
u
r
e
7
u
s
i
n
g
A
D
S.
W
h
er
e
t
w
o
p
ar
allel
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
P
As
(
2
to
3
GHz
&
3
to
4
GHz
)
in
teg
r
ate
w
it
h
p
ar
allel
co
u
p
led
lin
e
B
P
Fs
w
e
r
e
f
ir
s
t
l
y
d
esig
n
ed
,
an
d
th
e
n
r
ec
o
m
b
in
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u
s
i
n
g
W
i
lk
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n
s
o
n
p
o
w
er
d
iv
id
er
/co
m
b
i
n
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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i
d
e
-
b
an
d
P
o
w
er
Am
p
lif
ier
(
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P
A
)
T
h
e
f
ir
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t
p
ar
a
m
eter
n
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d
ed
to
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ch
ec
k
ed
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h
en
w
e
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
a
m
p
l
if
ier
is
s
tab
ilit
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.
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h
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
tab
le
o
v
er
th
e
r
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g
e
o
f
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
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an
d
.
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h
e
R
o
llett
f
ac
to
r
K
is
u
s
ed
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a
m
ea
s
u
r
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o
f
s
tab
ilit
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n
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
o
n
e
in
o
r
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er
f
o
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an
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m
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li
f
ier
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e
s
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le.
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h
e
d
esig
n
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a
m
p
li
f
ier
is
s
tab
le,
w
h
er
e
k
i
s
g
r
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ter
th
a
n
o
n
e
o
v
er
th
e
w
h
o
le
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
2
-
4
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Hz
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
in
p
u
t
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
S
11
w
a
s
lo
w
er
th
a
n
-
1
0
d
B
w
ith
i
n
t
h
e
en
t
ir
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
2
-
4
GHz
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
(
a)
,
an
d
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
id
er
s
as
a
lo
w
in
p
u
t
r
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r
n
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s
s
.
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d
ea
ll
y
,
w
it
h
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1
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B
in
p
u
t
r
etu
r
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lo
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s
,
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e
a
m
p
l
if
ier
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n
g
iv
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u
p
to
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tp
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t
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u
r
th
er
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o
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th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
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lt
o
f
i
n
p
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t
r
et
u
r
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s
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11
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ee
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t
h
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s
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f
icatio
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a
n
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n
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as
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well.
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n
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h
ic
h
m
ee
t t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
W
P
A
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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870
8
I
n
t J
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&
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p
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n
g
,
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l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
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2
0
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5
0
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–
3
5
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1
3508
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h
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li
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ier
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ed
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h
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s
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n
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d
ea
ll
y
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a
c
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A
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.
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n
te
r
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m
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MD
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p
ar
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m
eter
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h
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d
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m
i
n
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li
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r
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y
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f
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,
an
d
s
h
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ld
b
e
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as
p
o
s
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ib
le.
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th
e
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MD
3
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ec
r
ea
s
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e
d
is
t
o
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tio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
an
d
th
e
P
A
b
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o
m
e
m
o
r
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li
n
ea
r
.
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m
f
ig
u
r
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1
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(
b
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,
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e
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
r
es
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lt
o
f
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MD
3
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h
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at
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m
i
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t
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e
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3
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a
s
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9
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n
ter
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h
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atic
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r
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p
li
f
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(
W
P
A
)
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I
n
t J
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C
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m
p
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N:
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r
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9
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lated
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f
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li
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ier
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v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
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en
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b
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Sim
u
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g
a
in
(
S
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f
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n
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r
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ter
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eq
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u
lated
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ter
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d
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s
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f
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As),
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in
[
9
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it
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f
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6
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elo
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t
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e
p
r
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ted
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P
A
.
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h
e
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m
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ted
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P
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d
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en
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s
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e
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e
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B
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n
(
d
B
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(
%)
2
0
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[
3
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[
4
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i
s w
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8
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3
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3
11
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5
±
2
1
5
.
3
2
_
33
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
870
8
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
5
0
4
–
3
5
1
1
3510
3.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
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n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
w
id
eb
an
d
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m
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A
.
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G
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d
s
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d
th
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r
ec
o
m
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in
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s
i
n
g
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il
k
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s
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n
P
o
w
er
Di
v
id
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(
W
P
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.
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las
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A
a
m
p
li
f
ier
to
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g
y
an
d
s
i
n
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le
s
ec
tio
n
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u
ar
ter
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v
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tr
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s
f
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m
er
a
s
m
atc
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g
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et
w
o
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k
h
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v
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ee
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s
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n
ea
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h
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n
ar
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o
w
b
a
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d
P
As.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
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o
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er
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n
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s
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u
s
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y
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P
D
w
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n
a
f
f
ec
t
th
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er
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g
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w
o
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s
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ed
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s
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s
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m
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ted
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ar
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A
s
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l
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r
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n
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d
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MD
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e
d
esig
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ed
a
m
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ier
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u
s
ed
in
s
atellite
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m
m
u
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ica
tio
n
s
,
wir
eless
ap
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licatio
n
s
(
W
L
A
N,
W
iM
A
X)
,
an
d
o
th
e
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ap
p
licatio
n
s
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m
icr
o
w
a
v
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en
g
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n
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r
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g
.
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th
er
m
atc
h
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
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ch
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s
m
u
lti
-
s
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tio
n
q
u
ar
ter
w
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tr
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n
s
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o
r
m
er
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
in
i
m
ize
t
h
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
g
ain
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
UT
eM
Z
a
m
ala
h
Sch
e
m
e.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
also
lik
e
to
t
h
an
k
C
en
ter
f
o
r
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
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Ma
n
ag
e
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t
(
C
R
I
M)
,
C
e
n
tr
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f
E
x
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lle
n
ce
,
UT
eM
,
UT
eM
’
s
r
esear
ch
g
r
a
n
t
J
UR
N
A
L
/2
0
1
8
/FKEKK
/Q0
0
0
0
1
an
d
Un
i
v
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
i
k
al
M
ala
y
s
ia
Me
la
k
a
(
UT
eM
)
f
o
r
th
eir
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
h
elp
in
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
in
g
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Z.
Zak
a
ria,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
f
o
r
RF
/M
icro
w
a
v
e
F
ro
n
t
-
e
n
d
S
u
b
s
y
ste
m
”
,
J
u
rn
a
l
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
,
v
o
l.
6
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
-
1
1
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
M
.
F
.
M
.
F
a
d
h
li
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
term
o
d
u
latio
n
d
isto
rt
io
n
o
f
In
teg
ra
ted
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
a
n
d
F
il
ter
u
s
in
g
S
i
n
g
le
S
tu
b
T
u
n
e
rs
f
o
r
G
re
e
n
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
”
,
2
0
1
4
2
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
De
sig
n
(
ICED)
,
p
p
.
3
7
8
-
3
8
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
M
.
F
.
J.
A
b
d
u
lrah
m
a
n
sh
u
e
a
i
M
o
h
se
n
A
lg
a
d
a
m
i,
“
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
-
b
a
n
d
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Am
p
li
f
ier
f
o
r
w
irele
ss
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
”
,
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
p
p
.
4
0
4
-
4
0
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
J.
T
a
n
,
K.
S
.
Y
u
k
,
a
n
d
G
.
R.
Bra
n
n
e
r,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Hig
h
P
o
w
e
r,
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
u
sin
g
A
l
G
a
N
/
G
a
N
HEM
T
”
,
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
1
8
th
W
ire
les
s a
n
d
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
W
A
M
ICON)
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
M
.
F
.
S
i
d
d
i
q
u
e
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
Clas
s
-
A
M
icro
w
a
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
3
5
-
6
3
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
W
.
Ch
e
n
ji
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
0
.
1
8
μ
m
CM
OS
L
o
w
V
o
lt
a
g
e
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
f
o
r
W
S
N
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
4
4
7
0
-
4
4
7
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
F
.
Yo
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
2
–
4
G
Hz
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
a
m
p
li
f
ier
w
it
h
u
lt
ra
-
f
lat
g
a
in
a
n
d
h
ig
h
P
A
E
”
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
-
3
2
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
N.
M
a
so
u
m
i
,
“
A
F
u
ll
y
In
teg
ra
ted
L
in
e
a
r
CM
OS
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
w
it
h
Hig
h
Ou
tp
u
t
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
Dy
n
a
m
ic
Ra
n
g
e
f
o
r
W
iM
A
X
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
”
,
2
0
1
3
8
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
De
sig
n
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
In
te
g
ra
ted
S
y
s
tem
s
i
n
Na
n
o
sc
a
le E
ra
(
DTIS
)
,
p
p
.
3
0
-
3
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
V
.
P
.
B
h
a
le,
e
t
a
l
.,
“3
-
5
G
Hz
CM
OS
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
De
sig
n
f
o
r
Ultra
-
W
id
e
-
Ba
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
”
,
2
0
1
4
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
p
p
.
3
-
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
S
.
M
a
h
e
rsi,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
W
id
e
Ba
n
d
RF
Am
p
li
f
ier
u
sin
g
S
c
a
tt
e
rin
g
P
a
ra
m
e
ter
s
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
6
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
A
.
Ra
c
h
a
k
h
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
No
v
e
l
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
M
icro
strip
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
i
e
r
f
o
r
W
i
r
e
les
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
2
4
-
2
3
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
S
.
C.
Cri
p
p
s
,
“
RF
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
iers
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
”
,
2
n
d
e
d
i
ti
o
n
,
A
rtec
h
Ho
u
se
M
icro
w
a
v
e
L
ib
ra
r
y
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
3
]
D.
M
.
P
o
z
a
r,
“
M
icro
w
a
v
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
”
,
F
o
u
r
th
E
d
it
i
o
n
.
Jo
h
n
W
iely
,
a
n
d
S
o
n
s,
In
c
.
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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3511
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n
d
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
la
k
a
(U
T
e
M
),
in
2
0
1
7
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
st i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
m
icro
w
a
v
e
d
e
v
ic
e
s
d
e
sig
n
su
c
h
a
s
f
il
ters
,
a
n
d
a
m
p
li
f
iers
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
to
w
a
rd
s
h
is
d
o
c
to
ra
te
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
(U
T
e
M
)
.
Pro
f
Dr
.
Za
h
r
il
a
d
h
a
Z
a
k
a
r
ia
-
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
M
a
lay
sia
in
1
9
7
5
.
He
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
in
1
9
9
8
a
n
d
2
0
0
4
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
D
o
c
to
ra
te
f
ro
m
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
L
e
e
d
s
in
2
0
1
0
i
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
M
icro
w
a
v
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
F
ro
m
1
9
9
8
to
2
0
0
2
,
h
e
w
a
s
w
it
h
S
T
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
b
a
se
d
in
M
a
la
y
sia
w
h
e
re
h
e
w
o
rk
e
d
a
s
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
En
g
in
e
e
r.
He
is
c
u
rr
e
n
tl
y
a
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
n
d
C
o
o
r
d
in
a
t
o
r
o
f
Ce
n
tre
f
o
r
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(Ce
T
RI)
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
l
a
k
a
(U
T
e
M
),
w
h
e
re
h
e
tea
c
h
e
s
th
e
e
l
e
c
tro
n
ic
s
y
ste
m
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
p
r
in
c
ip
les
,
m
icro
w
a
v
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s an
d
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
a
v
a
riet
y
o
f
m
icro
w
a
v
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
su
c
h
a
s
p
lan
a
r
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
p
lan
a
r
m
icro
w
a
v
e
f
il
ters
,
re
so
n
a
to
rs,
a
m
p
li
f
iers
,
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
s.
He
a
lso
in
v
e
sti
g
a
tes
d
a
ta
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
ra
d
i
o
w
a
v
e
p
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
i
n
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
0
0
sc
ien
t
if
ic
p
a
p
e
rs
in
jo
u
rn
a
ls,
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s,
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
-
c
h
a
p
ters
.
He
h
o
ld
s
8
in
tellec
tu
a
l
p
r
o
p
e
rty
rig
h
ts
a
n
d
h
e
h
a
s
w
o
n
se
v
e
ra
l
a
wa
rd
s
in
c
lu
d
in
g
g
o
ld
m
e
d
a
l
d
u
rin
g
se
v
e
ra
l
re
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
e
x
h
ib
i
ti
o
n
s at t
h
e
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
lev
e
l,
su
c
h
a
s
th
e
UT
e
M
EX
2
0
1
2
,
2
0
1
3
&
2
0
1
5
,
M
a
lay
sia
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
E
x
p
o
(M
T
E
2
0
1
2
-
2
0
1
4
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
),
IT
E
X
2
0
1
6
,
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
ra
d
e
F
a
ir
Id
e
a
s
In
v
e
n
ti
o
n
s
Ne
w
P
r
o
d
u
c
ts
(iE
NA
2
0
1
2
)
in
Nu
re
m
b
e
rg
,
G
e
r
m
a
n
y
,
S
e
o
u
l
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
In
v
e
n
ti
o
n
F
a
ir
(
S
ii
F
2
0
1
3
)
in
S
e
o
u
l,
Ko
re
a
.
Na
sr
u
ll
a
h
S
a
if
u
ll
a
h
-
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
1
9
9
1
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
)
w
it
h
h
o
n
o
u
rs
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
l
a
k
a
(UT
e
M
),
in
2
0
1
4
.
He
jo
i
n
e
d
th
e
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
,
Ce
n
tre
f
o
r
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(Ce
T
RI),
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
,
in
2
0
1
4
u
n
t
il
p
re
se
n
t
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
a
v
a
riet
y
o
f
m
ic
ro
w
a
v
e
d
e
v
ice
s
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
su
c
h
a
s
a
m
p
li
f
i
e
rs,
f
il
ters
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
s.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
to
w
a
rd
s
h
is
M
a
ste
r
in
S
c
ien
c
e
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
(UTe
M
).
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