I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2020
,
p
p
.
202
~
209
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
1
0
i
1
.
pp
2
0
2
-
209
202
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ur
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tatio
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T
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c
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id
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Un
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rsity
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Ira
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p
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ta.
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a
n
d
st
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d
a
ta
in
d
if
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re
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
.
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h
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se
c
o
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g
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s
c
a
n
h
a
v
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ig
a
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t
d
a
ta
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b
y
u
sin
g
th
re
e
m
a
in
c
o
lo
r
m
o
d
u
l
es
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e
d
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r
e
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t
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les
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c
h
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s
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u
e
,
sa
tu
ra
ti
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n
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a
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d
v
a
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d
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n
d
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c
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in
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n
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e
),
YU
V
,
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,
e
tc.
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h
is
p
a
p
e
r
u
se
s
u
n
u
s
u
a
l
m
o
d
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le
to
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i
d
e
d
a
ta:
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n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
p
r
o
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e
d
u
re
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
i
n
c
re
a
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se
c
u
rit
y
ra
n
k
s
w
h
e
n
h
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t
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a
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w
h
ich
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im
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m
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n
t
th
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ste
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n
o
g
ra
p
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th
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le
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a
c
e
.
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e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
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d
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c
lu
siv
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OR
(X
OR)
p
ro
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e
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u
re
s
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e
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e
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th
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b
in
a
ry
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m
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g
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d
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th
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m
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le
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e
.
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h
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c
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n
v
e
rte
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b
y
te
st
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re
d
in
th
e
8
-
b
it
L
S
B
is
n
o
t
th
e
a
c
tu
a
l
b
y
tes
;
re
lativ
e
l
y
,
it
is
o
b
tain
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d
b
y
tra
n
sla
ti
o
n
t
o
a
n
o
th
e
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d
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le
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a
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e
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n
d
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p
p
li
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th
e
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OR
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ro
c
e
d
u
re
.
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h
is
tec
h
n
iq
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e
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ra
c
ti
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l
to
d
if
f
e
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p
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p
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e
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re
s
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su
lt
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s
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k
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n
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l
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a
n
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re
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S
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re
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d
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h
e
n
th
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tec
h
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q
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c
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re
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w
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x
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h
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s
,
it
is
sh
o
w
n
to
b
e
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st
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n
b
o
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rro
r
a
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d
m
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g
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c
a
p
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b
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it
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.
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h
is
tec
h
n
iq
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e
is
e
a
s
y
to
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
sim
p
le
to
u
se
a
n
d
p
ro
v
id
e
s
p
e
rf
e
c
t
se
c
u
rit
y
w
it
h
u
n
a
u
th
o
rize
d
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
I
m
ag
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s
ec
u
r
it
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I
n
f
o
r
m
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tio
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h
id
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r
ap
h
y
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er
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b
C
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s
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rig
h
t
©
2
0
2
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In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
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n
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d
E
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g
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.
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l
rig
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C
o
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s
p
o
nd
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A
uth
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r
:
Z
e
n
a
A
h
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A
l
w
a
n
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Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
Me
d
ical
I
n
s
tr
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m
en
tatio
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T
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n
iq
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E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
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r
i
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T
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ca
l Co
lleg
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Mid
d
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T
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Un
i
v
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s
it
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B
ag
h
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ad
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I
r
aq
.
E
m
ail:
ze
n
a7
8
2
0
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7
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
"
W
id
ley
atte
n
tio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
g
i
v
ed
t
h
ese
y
ea
r
s
to
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
of
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
w
h
e
n
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
in
g
o
n
i
n
s
ec
u
r
e
ch
a
n
n
els,
th
at
is
g
i
v
e
its
i
n
ter
est
f
o
r
d
ata
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
an
d
it
s
ta
y
an
a
ctiv
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to
p
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o
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t
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r
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r
ec
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a
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d
in
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D
ata
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id
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T
h
is
at
te
m
p
t
to
h
id
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et
“m
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g
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ch
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m
et
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at
th
e
y
ca
n
n
o
t
b
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s
ee
n
an
d
th
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id
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co
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is
v
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y
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
d
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T
w
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s
u
b
s
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s
ca
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b
e
u
s
ed
to
h
id
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t
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w
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ata,
n
a
m
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te
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r
ap
h
y
a
n
d
w
ater
m
ar
k
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g
.
Steg
a
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r
ap
h
y
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
w
h
ile
w
ater
m
ar
k
i
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g
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
p
y
r
ig
h
t
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
[
1
-
5
]
.
T
h
ese
ca
s
es
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
id
e
a
o
f
“
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
ec
r
et
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
”
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
to
an
o
th
er
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
t
h
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ti
n
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d
ata
ca
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e
u
n
d
er
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to
o
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an
d
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d
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ly
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th
o
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e
w
h
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k
n
o
w
h
o
w
to
o
b
tain
o
r
d
ec
o
d
e
th
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d
esig
n
e
d
s
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r
et
in
f
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r
m
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d
ata
,
i.e
.
,
th
o
s
e
w
h
o
p
o
s
s
es
s
th
e
e
n
c
r
y
p
tio
n
d
ata.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
,
t
h
e
d
ata
–
ev
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
u
n
r
ea
d
ab
le
–
r
em
ai
n
s
to
s
o
m
e
ex
ten
t
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
t
o
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s
y
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
“
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
”
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
a
s
b
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n
s
o
l
v
ed
t
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
in
s
ec
r
et
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
[6
-
9
]
.
"
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
"
C
o
lo
r
ima
g
e
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
i
n
YC
b
C
r
s
p
a
ce
(
Zen
a
A
h
med
A
lw
a
n
)
"
203
I
m
ag
e
s
ar
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
to
co
v
er
ite
m
s
in
t
h
e
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
ap
p
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w
it
h
th
e
ai
m
o
f
s
ec
u
r
in
g
s
er
io
u
s
d
ata
.
W
ith
in
i
m
ag
e
s
te
g
a
n
o
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r
ap
h
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,
“
co
lo
r
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m
a
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teg
a
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ap
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h
as
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m
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m
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ap
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d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
a
lar
g
e
s
p
ac
e
is
av
ailab
le
to
h
id
e
d
ata
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
co
lo
r
i
m
ag
e
s
.
Se
v
er
al
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
es,
s
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c
h
as
r
e
d
,
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
b
l
u
e
(
R
GB
)
,
h
u
e,
s
a
tu
r
atio
n
,
an
d
v
alu
e
(
HSV)
,
l
u
m
in
a
n
ce
a
n
d
ch
r
o
m
i
n
a
n
ce
(
YC
b
C
r
)
,
YUV,
an
d
YI
Q,
ar
e
w
id
ell
y
u
s
ed
to
d
is
p
la
y
co
lo
u
r
i
m
a
g
es.
“C
o
lo
r
i
m
ag
e
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
”
u
s
u
all
y
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
a
n
y
co
lo
u
r
s
p
ac
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
f
ield
.
T
h
e
Y
C
b
C
r
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
a
p
er
f
ac
t
g
iv
e
n
w
a
y
f
o
r
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
.
T
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
e
y
e
i
s
n
o
t
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
ch
a
n
g
e
s
in
c
h
r
o
m
i
n
an
ce
al
th
o
u
g
h
it
i
s
v
er
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
ch
a
n
g
e
s
in
lu
m
i
n
an
ce
;
th
u
s
,
a
lit
tel
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
co
lo
u
r
s
p
ac
es
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
r
o
m
i
n
an
ce
b
a
n
d
w
ill
n
o
t
co
v
er
o
r
ch
a
n
g
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
alit
y
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
Y
an
d
C
b
ar
e
t
h
e
lu
m
i
n
a
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
o
f
th
e
C
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
h
e
b
lu
e
a
n
d
r
ed
ch
r
o
m
i
n
a
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
.
"
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
to
th
e
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
[2
-
3]
t
o
g
eth
er
w
it
h
a
s
e
t
o
f
e
x
ten
s
io
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
d
ata
co
m
p
lex
it
y
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
,
w
e
co
n
v
er
t
an
R
GB
i
m
ag
e
i
n
to
Y
C
b
C
r
s
p
ac
e
b
ef
o
r
e
em
p
lo
y
in
g
e
x
clu
s
i
v
e
-
O
R
(
XOR
)
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
co
lo
r
i
m
a
g
e
an
d
th
e
s
ec
r
et
i
m
a
g
e.
XOR
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
th
en
r
ep
ea
ted
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
lt
w
i
th
t
h
e
g
r
ee
n
b
an
d
’
s
L
SB
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
s
a
v
ed
in
th
e
b
lu
e
b
an
d
.
A
s
th
e
en
cr
y
p
ted
d
ata
i
n
th
e
8
-
b
it
L
SB
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
r
ea
l
d
ata,
w
h
ic
h
is
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
co
n
v
er
t
in
g
th
e
i
m
a
g
es
to
an
alter
n
at
iv
e
s
p
ac
e
a
n
d
th
e
n
ex
ec
u
t
in
g
a
n
XO
R
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
l
ea
s
t
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
b
it
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
i
m
ag
e
s
t
h
at
ar
e
in
R
GB
co
lo
r
f
o
r
m
a
t
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
d
eliv
er
s
i
m
ag
es
th
a
t
a
r
e
o
f
a
n
en
h
a
n
ce
d
q
u
alit
y
a
f
ter
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
ce
al
ed
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
m
.
T
h
e
g
e
n
er
ate
d
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
b
its
ar
e
co
n
ce
aled
in
th
r
ee
p
lan
es
o
f
t
h
e
co
lo
r
im
a
g
e
af
ter
th
e
p
lan
e
h
as
b
ee
n
s
liced
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ex
ec
u
ted
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
th
at
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
a
l
n
o
is
e
in
t
h
e
s
et
g
o
-
i
m
a
g
e
is
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
at
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
w
h
ile
a
n
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
th
a
t
ar
e
m
ad
e
ar
e
s
o
m
in
o
r
t
h
at
th
e
y
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
y
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
e
y
e.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
in
d
icate
th
a
t it
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
r
el
iab
le
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
w
h
ic
h
th
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
an
i
m
a
g
e
ca
n
b
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
.
"
2.
CO
L
O
R
SPAC
E
S
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
d
escr
ib
e
a
n
e
w
s
p
ac
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
th
a
t
ca
n
eli
m
i
n
ate
m
o
d
el
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t a
n
d
en
ab
le
s
ca
lar
q
u
an
ti
s
atio
n
a
n
d
f
r
ee
m
o
d
el
h
an
d
lin
g
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
s
o
u
r
ce
,
w
h
e
n
w
ell
s
e
lecte
d
,
ca
n
lead
to
ad
d
itio
n
al
ef
f
icie
n
t c
o
d
in
g
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
lo
w
er
d
is
to
r
ti
o
n
at
s
a
m
e
d
ata
r
ate
an
d
v
ice
v
e
r
s
a.
2
.
1
.
RG
B
co
lo
r
s
pa
ce
C
o
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
is
a
m
at
h
e
m
atic
al
m
o
d
el
to
ex
e
m
p
li
f
y
co
lo
r
d
ata
as
th
r
ee
o
r
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
lo
r
m
o
d
u
les.
Di
f
f
er
en
t
co
lo
r
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
u
s
es
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
u
te
r
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
,
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
T
V
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
tin
g
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
v
i
s
io
n
[
2
]
.
Di
f
f
er
en
t
c
o
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
is
p
r
esen
t
ed
f
o
r
co
lo
r
i
m
a
g
e
.
T
h
ey
ar
e:
R
GB
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
c
o
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
(
R
GB
,
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
ized
R
GB
)
,
Hu
e
P
r
o
d
u
ce
d
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
(
HSI
,
HSV,
an
d
HS
L
)
,
L
u
m
i
n
a
n
ce
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
(
YC
B
C
r
,
Y
I
Q,
an
d
YUV)
,
a
n
d
p
er
ce
p
tu
all
y
u
n
b
r
o
k
en
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
(
C
I
E
XYZ
,
C
I
E
L
A
B
,
an
d
C
I
E
L
UV)
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
a
y
s
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
m
o
d
el,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
c
ap
ac
it
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
co
lo
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
.
C
o
n
v
er
tin
g
th
e
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
m
ea
n
s
ch
a
n
g
in
g
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
lo
r
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
f
o
r
m
to
an
o
th
er
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
is
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
u
s
ed
s
o
th
at
a
d
r
a
w
n
i
m
a
g
e
ca
n
b
e
m
o
v
ed
b
et
w
e
en
co
lo
r
r
eg
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
co
n
v
er
ted
i
m
a
g
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
s
th
at
m
a
tch
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
i
m
a
g
e
as
clo
s
el
y
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
e
R
GB
m
o
d
el
e
m
p
lo
y
s
an
ad
d
iti
v
e
co
lo
r
m
ix
tu
r
e
a
n
d
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
is
,
d
etail
s
t
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
li
g
h
t
w
e
ig
h
t
th
a
t
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
e
m
itted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
lig
h
t
-
w
ei
g
h
t
co
lo
r
th
at
is
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
n
e
w
f
o
r
m
f
r
o
m
d
ar
k
n
es
s
.
W
ith
th
e
R
GB
tech
n
iq
u
e,
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
v
a
lu
es
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
f
o
r
r
ed
,
g
r
ee
n
an
d
b
lu
e
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
is
p
la
y
s
o
n
P
C
s
,
an
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
co
lo
r
s
d
is
p
la
y
ed
(
r
ed
,
g
r
ee
n
,
a
n
d
b
lu
e
u
n
its
)
,
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
co
lo
r
w
ill
n
o
t
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ar
ea
u
n
it.
T
h
u
s
t
h
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e
o
f
f
er
s
a
n
o
p
tio
n
w
h
er
eb
y
th
e
co
lo
r
s
h
o
w
s
y
s
te
m
's
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
m
a
y
b
e
v
ar
ied
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
s
u
c
h
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
p
ac
e
u
n
it
v
icti
m
iza
ti
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
h
o
u
s
e,
p
o
s
s
ib
l
y
ca
s
h
in
g
in
th
e
o
v
er
ex
t
en
d
ed
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
ex
tan
t
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ac
k
ag
e
r
o
u
ti
n
es.
W
h
ile
s
u
c
h
co
lo
r
h
o
u
s
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
ex
i
s
te
n
ce
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
y
ea
r
s
,
t
h
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
h
o
u
s
e
d
o
es n
o
t o
f
f
er
g
o
o
d
ec
o
n
o
m
y
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
"
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
"
im
a
g
es.
"
T
h
e
th
r
ee
elem
e
n
ts
o
f
R
GB
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
o
f
f
er
co
lo
r
s
o
n
th
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
cu
b
e.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
m
a
y
cr
ea
te
a
b
u
f
f
er
w
ith
id
en
tica
l
p
ictu
r
e
e
le
m
e
n
t
d
ep
th
s
a
n
d
w
h
ich
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
all
p
ar
ts
o
f
R
GB
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
ar
ea
as
a
w
o
r
k
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
i
m
a
g
es
is
n
o
t
g
e
n
e
r
all
y
o
p
ti
m
al
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
As
an
e
x
a
m
p
le,
i
f
t
h
e
i
n
t
en
s
it
y
o
r
co
lo
r
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ictu
r
e
ele
m
e
n
t
is
to
b
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
,
th
e
t
h
r
ee
R
GB
co
lo
r
v
alu
es
o
u
g
h
t
to
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
u
f
f
e
r
s
to
r
e.
W
er
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
ith
a
p
ic
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
t
ain
ed
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
in
te
n
s
it
y
an
d
co
lo
r
f
o
r
m
at,
s
o
m
e
s
tag
e
s
o
f
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ac
ce
ler
ated
[
1
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
202
-
209
204
2
.
2
.
YCbCr
co
lo
r
s
pa
ce
YC
b
C
r
ar
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
at
h
elp
s
o
n
e
ab
s
tr
ac
t
th
e
I
n
ten
s
it
y
(
L
u
m
a
)
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
ch
r
o
m
aticit
y
w
h
ic
h
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
co
lo
u
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
b
an
d
s
.
I
n
b
o
th
m
o
d
el
s
,
Y
is
a
lu
m
in
a
n
ce
s
i
g
n
al
i
m
p
l
ied
in
8
b
its
an
d
it
alm
o
s
t
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
g
r
a
y
s
ca
le
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
o
f
a
co
lo
u
r
im
a
g
e
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
“
ch
r
o
m
a
m
o
d
el
o
f
C
C
I
R
6
0
1
co
d
in
g
m
o
d
e”
i
s
t
h
e
d
ef
in
i
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
YC
b
C
r
co
lo
r
s
y
s
te
m
; t
h
i
s
is
f
r
eq
u
en
t
l
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
co
lo
r
T
V
d
is
p
la
y
s
an
d
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
lo
r
d
is
p
l
a
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
Y
i
s
a
n
es
s
e
n
tial
ele
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e,
th
e
lu
m
in
a
n
ce
ele
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
w
in
g
t
h
e
b
r
ig
h
t
n
ess
(
lu
m
a)
,
an
d
C
b
an
d
C
r
,
w
h
ic
h
d
ec
lar
e
th
e
ch
r
o
m
i
n
an
ce
ele
m
e
n
ts
.
C
b
r
ep
r
esen
ts
b
lu
e
s
u
b
tr
ac
t
lu
m
a
(
B
–
Y
)
w
h
ile
C
r
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
r
ed
s
u
b
tr
ac
t
lu
m
a
(
R
–
Y)
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
r
ea
s
o
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
YC
b
C
R
co
lo
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
ac
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
w
it
h
co
lo
r
d
is
p
lay
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
as d
etailed
in
[
1
5
]
:
1.
T
h
e
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
v
ar
iatio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
lu
m
in
a
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
(
Y)
an
d
,
as
th
e
co
lo
r
is
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t,
it a
llo
w
s
f
o
r
ea
s
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
.
2.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
[
1
4
]
,
it p
r
o
v
id
es a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ac
t c
o
v
er
i
n
g
co
lo
r
clu
s
ter
th
a
n
alter
n
ati
v
e
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
es
.
3.
Un
d
er
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
,
it
o
f
f
er
s
t
h
e
least
o
v
er
lap
o
f
co
v
er
in
g
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
co
v
er
i
n
g
d
ata.
4.
I
t
is
ex
tr
e
m
el
y
s
er
v
icea
b
le
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
h
at
c
o
m
p
r
es
s
v
id
eo
,
s
u
ch
a
s
J
P
E
G
an
d
MP
E
G
[
1
5
-
1
9
]
.
5.
I
t
en
co
m
p
as
s
es
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
es
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
v
id
eo
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
i
s
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
f
o
r
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
-
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
tele
v
is
io
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
I
T
U
-
R
B
T
.
6
0
1
s
tan
d
ar
d
w
h
ich
o
p
er
ates
w
i
th
d
i
g
ital
s
y
s
te
m
v
id
eo
s
.
6.
I
t
h
as
a
n
ac
co
m
p
an
y
i
n
g
R
G
B
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
e;
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
v
id
eo
s
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
w
o
p
r
i
m
ar
y
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
es.
J
P
E
G
-
YC
b
C
r
i
s
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
J
P
E
G
i
m
a
g
e
f
o
r
m
at
s
,
w
it
h
th
e
Y
C
b
C
r
b
ein
g
r
e
s
ca
led
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
Y,
C
b
,
an
d
C
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
d
ig
i
tal
b
its
(
0
o
r
1
)
.
Fo
r
f
o
r
w
ar
d
an
d
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
f
o
r
R
GB
to
J
PEG
-
Y
C
b
C
r
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
m
at
r
ices c
an
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
:
3.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
A
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
as
p
u
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
y
Ma
s
u
d
Kar
i
m
,
ce
n
te
r
ed
o
n
L
SB
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
in
v
o
lv
e
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
ec
r
et
k
e
y
,
w
it
h
c
o
n
ce
aled
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
u
n
d
er
g
o
in
g
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
a
n
d
b
ein
g
s
to
r
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
'
s
L
SP
p
o
s
itio
n
s
alter
ed
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
f
f
er
s
e
x
tr
e
m
e
l
y
s
ec
u
r
e
s
to
r
ag
e.
I
n
[
2
1
]
,
a
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
w
a
s
p
u
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
f
o
r
h
id
in
g
s
ec
r
et
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
R
GB
p
lan
es
o
n
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
v
is
u
al
s
y
s
te
m
(
HVS)
.
Usi
n
g
s
u
c
h
a
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
s
te
g
o
i
m
a
g
e
is
o
f
lo
w
q
u
alit
y
.
I
n
S
a
c
h
d
e
v
a
,
a
n
d
Ku
m
a
r
[
2
2
]
Hid
a
to
p
-
s
ec
r
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
"
Vec
to
r
Qu
an
tiza
tio
n
(
V
Q)
"
tab
le,
w
h
ic
h
o
f
f
er
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
in
m
es
s
a
g
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
s
t
eg
o
s
ize.
W
ith
r
e
f
er
en
ce
to
co
n
ce
a
l
in
g
te
x
t
m
es
s
ag
e
s
,
[
2
3
]
o
f
f
er
ed
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
ec
u
r
it
y
f
o
r
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
.
E
v
er
y
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
h
id
e
tex
t
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
w
it
h
i
n
i
m
ag
e
s
w
it
h
lo
w
er
d
is
to
r
tio
n
lev
e
ls
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
l
o
s
in
g
R
GB
i
m
a
g
e
s
.
T
h
ese
m
e
th
o
d
s
d
o
n
o
t
ad
d
r
e
s
s
o
p
er
atin
g
is
s
u
e
s
w
it
h
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ite
m
s
.
[
2
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
u
s
in
g
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
ev
iatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
f
id
elit
y
,
r
o
o
ted
in
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
.
I
n
th
i
s
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t
p
o
s
itio
n
s
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
s
elec
ted
b
et
wee
n
MSP
an
d
L
SB
w
it
h
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
t
w
o
b
its
p
er
b
y
te
u
p
to
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
b
it
t
o
w
ar
d
s
MSB
.
[
2
5
]
u
s
ed
a
"
d
i
s
cr
ete
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
D
W
T
)
"
f
o
r
em
b
ed
d
in
g
tex
t
m
ess
a
g
es
i
n
co
lo
r
i
m
ag
e
s
.
T
h
e
"
B
lo
w
f
is
h
"
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
cr
af
ti
n
g
a
tex
t
m
es
s
a
g
e
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
SS
C
I
A
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
d
is
cr
ete
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
D
FT
)
co
d
in
g
f
o
r
co
n
ce
al
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
m
a
g
es
i
n
s
to
r
ag
e
o
r
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
in
[
2
6
]
.
"
W
ith
t
h
e
co
v
er
i
m
ag
e,
th
e
s
p
e
cif
ic
s
ac
r
ed
i
m
ag
e
s
ar
e
n
o
t
co
n
ce
aled
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
et
h
o
d
;
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
ese
i
m
a
g
es
tak
es
p
lace
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
ce
al
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
k
e
y
s
.
I
n
th
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
[
2
7
]
an
d
[
2
8
]
th
e
YC
b
C
r
m
et
h
o
d
w
a
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
i
n
[
2
9
]
DW
T
an
d
in
v
er
s
e
w
a
v
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
T
W
T
)
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
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to
h
id
e
a
s
in
g
le
g
r
ay
s
ca
le
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
co
lo
r
i
m
ag
e;
in
[
3
0
]
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
w
er
e
m
ad
e
to
ca
p
ac
ity
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y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
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o
lel
y
I
W
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th
r
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u
g
h
t
h
e
co
n
ce
al
m
en
t
o
f
ap
p
ar
el
g
r
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y
s
ca
le
i
m
a
g
es
w
it
h
i
n
a
s
in
g
le
co
lo
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g
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m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
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e
m
et
h
o
d
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
s
te
g
o
i
m
ag
e
q
u
ali
t
y
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
p
u
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
h
er
e
o
f
f
er
s
g
r
ea
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
"
C
o
lo
r
ima
g
e
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
i
n
YC
b
C
r
s
p
a
ce
(
Zen
a
A
h
med
A
lw
a
n
)
"
205
s
ec
u
r
it
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
k
e
y
s
ar
e
en
cr
y
p
ted
u
s
in
g
a
n
a
lt
er
n
ativ
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en
cr
y
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tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
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4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
"
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
,
t
h
e
co
v
er
i
m
ag
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is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
to
Y
C
b
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s
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a
f
ter
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ic
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R
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r
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u
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e
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ap
p
lied
to
(
L
SB
)
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y
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en
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f
it
o
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th
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er
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t
ch
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n
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el
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n
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ir
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el.
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h
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if
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er
en
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r
a
y
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r
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r
e
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ts
t
h
e
lu
m
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n
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ce
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m
p
o
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en
t;
C
b
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n
d
Cr
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r
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t
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t
s
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is
b
ei
n
g
th
e
24
-
b
it
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lo
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im
a
g
e
.
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h
e
b
in
ar
y
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ec
r
et
p
ix
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d
ata
o
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t
h
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m
ag
e
w
i
ll
b
e
h
id
d
en
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th
e
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SB
o
f
th
e
b
l
u
e
p
ar
t
.
T
w
o
XOR o
p
er
atio
n
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
s
av
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
d
ata
.
"
Ou
r
m
et
h
o
d
w
a
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
te
d
in
Ma
tl
ab
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
GUI
to
o
lb
o
x
.
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ab
le
1
an
d
T
a
b
le
2
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
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ee
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le
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al
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es.
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h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
w
a
s
ex
ec
u
ted
i
n
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tlab
R
2
0
1
7
b
(
9
.
3
.
0
.
7
1
3
5
7
9
)
.
Ou
r
w
o
r
k
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
as a
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
"
4
.
1
.
E
m
be
dd
i
ng
ps
eu
do
co
de
T
h
e
em
b
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
o
r
h
id
a
b
in
ar
y
i
m
a
g
e
i
n
to
R
GB
_
co
lo
r
im
a
g
e
in
Y
C
r
C
b
s
p
ac
e
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
e
s
tep
s
o
f
h
id
in
g
a
B
in
ar
y
I
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
:
B
eg
in
I
np
ut
:
(
B
I
)
-
B
i
na
r
y
I
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
(
C
I
)
-
C
o
lo
r
I
m
a
g
e
.
Outp
ut
:
(
SC
-
I
m
g
)
–
C
o
ve
r
Steg
o
I
m
a
g
e
.
Sp1
:
R
ea
r
r
a
n
g
e
p
ixel
b
ytes o
f
(
B
I)
s
o
to
b
e
co
me
th
e
s
a
me
a
r
ea
of
(
C
I
)
.
Sp
2:
C
o
n
ve
r
t
(
C
I
)
f
r
o
m
R
GB
S
p
a
ce
to
YC
b
C
r
S
p
a
ce
.
S
p3
:
D
ivid
e
(
C
I
)
in
to
th
r
ee
p
a
r
ts
(
Y,
C
b
,
a
n
d
C
r
)
.
Sp
4
:
I
mp
leme
n
ts
X
OR
b
etw
ee
n
(
C
I
_
Y
_
LS
B
and
B
I
_
LS
B
)
.
Sp
5
:
A
p
p
ly
X
OR
a
g
in
b
etw
ee
n
(
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f S
p
4
a
n
d
C
I
_
C
b
_
LS
B
)
.
Sp
6
:
I
n
s
ert th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
a
ta
o
f
s
p
5
to
C
I
_
C
r
_
LS
B
.
Sp
7
:
E
xc
h
a
n
g
e
YC
b
C
r
S
p
a
ce
to
R
GB
S
p
a
ce
o
f th
e
c
o
lo
r
ima
g
e,
Sp
8
:
S
a
ve
th
e
(
C
I
)
-
co
lo
r
I
ma
g
e
F
ini
s
h
4
.
2
.
Rec
o
ns
t
ruct
ed
ps
e
ud
o
co
de
T
h
e
s
tp
es o
f
r
ec
o
v
er
y
th
e
B
i
n
a
r
y
I
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
:
B
eg
in
I
np
ut
:
(
SC
-
I
m
g
)
-
Steg
o
co
l
o
r
I
m
a
g
e
.
Outp
ut
:
(
B
I
)
-
B
i
na
r
y
I
m
a
g
e
.
Sp
1
:
R
ea
d
(
S
C
-
I
mg
)
-
s
teg
o
ima
g
e
a
n
d
s
p
lit
to
R
GB
S
p
a
ce
s
i
ma
g
e
.
Sp
2
:
E
xc
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
R
GB
co
l
o
r
s
teg
o
_
ima
g
e
(
SC
-
I
mg
)
to
YC
b
C
r
s
p
a
ce
b
y
p
erfo
r
min
g
S
p
1
.
Sp
3
:
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(
S
C
-
I
mg
)
-
s
teg
o
im
a
g
e
to
th
r
ee
p
a
r
ts
s
u
ch
a
s
(
Y
-
p
a
r
t
,
C
b
-
p
a
r
t
,
a
n
d
C
r
-
p
a
r
t
).
Sp
4
:
P
erfo
r
m
X
OR
b
etw
ee
n
(
Cr
_
LS
B
a
n
d
C
b
_
LS
B
o
f
(
S
C
-
I
mg
)
.
Sp
5
:
A
p
p
ly
X
OR
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
a
ta
o
f
S
p
4
a
n
d
Y
_
LS
B
o
f
(
S
C
-
I
mg
)
.
Sp
6
:
K
ee
p
a
n
d
S
a
ve
th
e
r
esu
lt b
its
and
d
is
p
la
y
S
ec
r
et
B
in
a
r
y
I
ma
g
e
(
B
I)
F
ini
s
h
5.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
T
h
is
et
al
io
n
w
ill
d
is
c
u
s
s
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
r
e
g
a
r
d
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
ce
al
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
d
ata
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
m
et
h
o
d
p
u
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
f
o
r
a
n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
m
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
e,
p
r
esen
t
in
g
n
e
w
co
n
ce
p
ts
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
s
te
g
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
f
o
r
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
s
ec
r
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
in
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
n
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
b
y
t
e
af
ter
u
n
d
er
tak
i
n
g
t
w
o
XO
R
s
w
i
th
in
t
h
e
Y
C
b
C
r
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
i
s
is
M
A
T
L
A
B
Ver
s
io
n
R
2
0
1
7
b
(
9
.
3
.
0
.
7
1
3
5
7
9
).
Fo
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
w
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
i
m
a
g
e
t
h
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
atc
h
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
i
m
ag
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
T
ab
le
1
an
d
T
a
b
le
2
.
E
v
en
wh
en
th
e
h
id
d
en
i
m
ag
e
w
as
o
p
en
,
a
p
er
s
o
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
au
th
o
r
it
y
co
u
ld
ex
tr
ac
t
a
r
an
d
o
m
i
m
a
g
e
b
u
t
b
e
u
n
ab
le
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
co
n
c
ea
led
d
ata,
an
d
t
h
is
is
t
h
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
th
at
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e.
I
n
an
al
y
zi
n
g
th
e
p
ea
k
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
P
SNR
)
,
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
s
ar
e
m
ad
e
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
b
a
s
e
w
o
r
k
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
SNR
w
o
r
k
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
u
s
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
m
o
d
er
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
s
w
i
th
i
n
co
lo
r
s
c
ale
i
m
a
g
es
th
at
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
m
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
co
n
ce
aled
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
co
v
er
im
a
g
e,
n
o
t
to
tall
y
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
p
ix
el
d
ata
i
m
a
g
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
202
-
209
206
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
ap
p
lied
to
t
h
e
co
lo
r
im
a
g
e,
w
it
h
th
e
r
es
u
lts
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
Fig
u
r
e
3
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
w
h
er
e
to
c
h
ec
k
er
s
o
u
r
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
s
ta
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
MSE
an
d
P
SNR
.
T
h
e
P
SNR
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
te
g
o
i
m
ag
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
q
u
alit
y
.
P
SNR
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
m
atc
h
es t
h
o
s
e
i
n
[
1
2
,
1
3
,
an
d
1
8
]
:
W
h
er
e:
n
: is th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
r
o
w
to
th
e
i
m
a
g
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et
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d
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y
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ea
s
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n
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th
e
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to
5
4
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7
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at
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lt
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le.
RE
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R
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NC
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S
[1
]
A
.
Na
g
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S
.
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h
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sh
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.
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D.
S
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.
[2
]
Z.
A
h
m
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d
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M
o
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d
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to
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se
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,”
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o
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rn
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M
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p
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.
[3
]
H.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
Z.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
I
m
p
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m
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sin
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ter
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2
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2
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9
,
2
0
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.
[4
]
K.
Jo
sh
i,
R.
Ya
d
a
v
,
“
Ne
w
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
w
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rd
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ta
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Us
in
g
X
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g
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ra
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n
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In
ter
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t
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mp
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.
[5
]
K.
F
a
rh
a
n
Ra
fa
t,
M
.
Ju
n
a
id
Hu
ss
a
in
,
“
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e
c
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re
S
teg
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ra
p
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r
Dig
it
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n
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g
in
th
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Da
rk
,”
(
IJ
ACS
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ter
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ti
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rn
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Ap
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s,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
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6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
C.
P
a
tv
a
rd
h
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n
,
P
.
Ku
m
a
r,
C.
V
a
sa
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"
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s
,
S
p
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,
pp.
1
-
2
3
,
2
0
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.
[7
]
M
.
S
A
r
y
a
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
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m
p
ro
v
e
d
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p
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m
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ra
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c
trica
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a
n
d
Co
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p
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(
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),
v
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l.
6
,
n
o
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6
,
pp
.
2
7
3
5
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7
4
1
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0
1
6
.
[8
]
K
.
Jo
sh
i,
R
.
Ya
d
a
v
,
G
.
Ch
a
w
l
a
,
“
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n
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h
a
n
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e
d
M
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t
h
o
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f
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ta Hid
in
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n
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o
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ra
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ter
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rn
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.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
De
c
2
0
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6
-
Ja
n
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
P.
Ja
in
,
N.
Ka
n
w
a
l,
“
I
m
a
g
e
S
teg
a
n
o
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ra
p
h
y
in
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lo
r
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ts
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ro
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L
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sin
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ted
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8
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9
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stu
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d
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[2
0
]
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Ka
rim
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.
,
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.
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.
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.
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p
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teg
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sin
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p
p
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Hig
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g
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,
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in
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s
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2
n
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ter
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IEE
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p
p
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4
,
2
0
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.
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2
]
S
a
c
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d
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m
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A
.
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n
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&
Co
mm
u
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T
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IEE
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p
p
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2
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I
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209
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3
]
Ro
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A
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re
Ke
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p
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[2
4
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M
a
n
d
a
l,
J.K.,
S
e
n
g
u
p
ta,
M
.
,
“
S
t
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ty
(S
T
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DF)
,”
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ter
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2
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8
–
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[2
5
]
M
a
n
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a
l
J.K.,
S
e
n
g
u
p
ta
M
.
,
“
A
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Co
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,”
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In
ter
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De
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Co
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s
,
p
p
.
2
2
5
–
2
2
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
6
]
Ka
p
re
Bh
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g
y
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ri,
S
.
,
Jo
sh
i,
M
.
Y.
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ll
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9
,
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.
[2
7
]
H.
S
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sh
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Re
n
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k
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A
,
P
riy
a
R.
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m
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,
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tern
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y
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d
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f
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rm
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S
e
c
u
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y
(IJCIS),
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o
l.
3
,
n
o.
1
,
pp.
17
-
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4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
8
]
N.
T
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w
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ri1
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53
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[2
9
]
G
h
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l,
N.,
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J.K.
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S
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P
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stit
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).
[3
0
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H.
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.
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Din
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sh
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h
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,
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e
n
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k
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,
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riy
a
R.
Ka
m
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th
,
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se
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re
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ig
h
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a
p
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m
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g
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ste
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ra
p
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y
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,”
S
ig
n
a
l
&
Im
a
g
e
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
:
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n
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
(
S
I
P
IJ)
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o.
1,
pp.
83
-
8
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
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F
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ro
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Un
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r
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it
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rm
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tatio
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jl
o
v
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c
),
S
a
ra
j
e
v
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g
o
sla
v
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in
1
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6
,
a
n
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M
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d
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w
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(a
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g
h
d
a
d
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c
ien
ti
f
ic
Aff
a
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in
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tri
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c
h
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Co
ll
e
g
e
.
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