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to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
n
o
v
el
cir
cu
it
t
h
at
ac
h
ie
v
es
a
v
ar
iab
le
p
h
ase
an
g
le
o
s
cillato
r
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ac
ti
v
e
ele
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
o
s
c
illato
r
cir
cu
it
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
t
w
o
s
in
u
s
o
id
a
l
s
ig
n
al
s
w
h
ich
ch
a
n
g
e
o
u
t
o
f
p
h
ase
b
y
0
to
9
0
d
eg
r
ee
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
u
s
es
f
o
u
r
VDG
A
s
an
d
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
h
ic
h
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
in
m
o
n
o
lit
h
ic
f
ab
r
icatio
n
.
It
h
a
s
f
o
u
r
f
lo
ati
n
g
o
u
tp
u
t
s
w
h
er
e
ev
er
y
t
w
o
o
u
tp
u
ts
h
av
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
th
at
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
w
it
h
e
x
p
licit
v
o
ltag
e
m
o
d
e
.
T
h
e
c
ir
cu
it
i
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
(
i)
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
a
n
g
le
o
f
o
s
cillatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
es
ca
n
b
e
t
u
n
ed
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
(
ii)
th
e
g
ai
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
lo
atin
g
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
tl
y
(
iii)
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
o
s
cillatio
n
(
C
O)
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
o
s
cillat
io
n
(
FO)
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CIR
CUI
T
S
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
e
le
m
e
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ci
n
g
g
a
in
a
m
p
l
if
ier
(
VD
GA
)
w
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
3
5
]
.
I
t
is
a
f
o
u
r
-
ter
m
i
n
al
a
n
alo
g
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
h
o
w
n
s
y
m
b
o
lic
al
l
y
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
w
h
er
e
i
n
cl
u
d
es
t
h
r
e
e
h
i
g
h
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
ter
m
i
n
als
(
p
,
n
an
d
z
)
an
d
o
n
e
lo
w
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
ter
m
in
al
(
w
)
,
in
w
h
ich
it
s
v
o
ltag
e
a
t
th
e
ter
m
in
a
l
z
i
s
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
a
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
t
er
m
in
a
l
w
a
m
p
li
f
ied
b
y
ad
j
u
s
t
ab
le
tr
an
s
f
er
g
ain
(
β
).
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
ir
cu
it s
y
m
b
o
l o
f
V
DG
A
T
h
e
id
ea
l te
r
m
i
n
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
t
ics o
f
VDG
A
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
et
o
f
eq
u
atio
n
s
:
=
=
0
,
=
(
−
)
an
d
=
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
g
m
is
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
co
n
d
u
ct
an
ce
,
V
p
an
d
V
n
ar
e
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
es
at
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
er
t
in
g
a
n
d
in
v
er
ti
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
ter
m
i
n
als,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
,
a
n
d
β
is
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ai
n
.
As
d
ef
i
n
ed
i
n
t
h
e
l
iter
atu
r
e,
th
e
C
M
O
S
r
ea
lizatio
n
VDG
A
as
d
ep
icted
o
f
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
[
3
4
,
3
5
]
ca
n
b
e
u
s
u
a
ll
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
elec
tr
o
n
ic
t
u
n
ab
ili
t
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
its
t
h
r
ee
s
ep
ar
ate
tr
an
s
f
er
g
ai
n
ce
ll
s
M1
A
-
M9
A,
M1
B
-
M9
B
,
an
d
M1
C
-
M9
C
an
d
th
eir
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
s
a
r
e
g
mA
=g
m
,
g
mB
an
d
g
mC
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
CM
OS r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
th
e
VDG
A
[
3
4
,
3
5
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
n
d
itio
n
o
f p
h
a
s
e
a
n
g
le
fo
r
a
n
ew V
DGA
-
b
a
s
ed
mu
ltip
h
a
s
e
va
r
ia
b
le
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
ift …
(
K
a
s
i
m
K
.
A
b
d
a
lla
)
3803
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
o
f
r
ea
liz
atio
n
v
ar
iab
le
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
o
s
cillato
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
t
en
j
o
y
s
w
i
th
f
o
u
r
f
lo
ati
n
g
o
u
tp
u
t
s
V
o1
,
V
o2
,
V
o3
a
n
d
V
o4
w
h
er
e
V
o1
an
d
V
o3
h
av
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
h
a
s
e
w
h
ile
th
e
o
t
h
er
t
w
o
V
o2
a
n
d
V
o4
h
av
e
an
o
t
h
er
s
a
m
e
p
h
a
s
e,
t
h
e
s
h
i
f
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
eir
p
h
a
s
es
ca
n
b
e
c
h
a
n
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
o
-
90
o
.
T
h
e
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
g
ai
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cir
c
u
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
ep
ar
atel
y
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
tr
an
s
ec
o
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
B
an
d
C
ce
lles
as
w
r
itte
n
i
n
(
2
)
:
=
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
i
=
1
,
2
,
3
an
d
4
f
o
r
th
e
i
th
VDG
A
.
Hen
ce
Vw
ca
n
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
I
BB
an
d
IBC
th
a
t s
h
o
w
ed
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
ar
iab
le
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t o
s
cillato
r
cir
cu
it
.
An
al
y
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it o
f
Fig
u
r
e
3
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
eq
u
atio
n
:
2
2
+
(
4
−
3
)
+
3
(
2
−
4
)
+
1
2
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
C
=
C
1
=
C
2
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
o
s
cillat
io
n
(
FO)
,
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
o
s
cillati
o
n
(
C
O)
an
d
th
e
co
n
d
it
io
n
o
f
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
an
g
le
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
as:
CO
:
4
≤
3
(
4
)
FO:
=
2
=
√
[
3
(
2
−
4
)
+
1
2
]
/
2
(
5
)
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t a
n
g
le
(
P
O)
b
et
w
ee
n
V
1
an
d
V
2
:
1
2
=
1
2
(
4
+
2
)
(
6
)
Fro
m
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
ab
o
v
e,
th
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
ch
a
n
g
in
g
th
e
r
atio
o
f
(
g
m4
/
g
m2
)
th
e
n
th
e
d
esire
d
an
g
le
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
o
s
cillatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
(
C
O)
ca
n
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
b
y
g
m3
an
d
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
d
itio
n
(
FO)
co
n
tr
o
lled
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
tl
y
b
y
g
m
1
.
3.
NO
N
I
DE
A
L
ANA
L
Y
SI
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
t
io
n
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
n
o
n
-
id
ea
liti
e
s
o
f
th
e
VD
GA
o
n
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
e
q
u
atio
n
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
s
cillato
r
s
h
as b
ee
n
s
tated
;
t
h
e
VDG
A
ca
n
b
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
e
t o
f
eq
u
atio
n
s
:
=
=
0
,
=
(
−
)
an
d
=
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
α
=
1
-
ε
,
an
d
|
ε
|
<<
1
d
en
o
tes t
h
e
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
er
r
o
r
o
f
th
e
VDG
A
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
d
er
iv
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
i
d
ea
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
eq
u
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
ar
iab
l
e
p
h
ase
an
g
l
e
o
s
cillato
r
cir
cu
it o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
b
y
tak
i
n
g
th
e
V
DG
A
n
o
n
-
id
ea
li
ties
y
ie
ld
s
:
2
2
+
(
4
4
−
3
3
)
+
3
3
(
2
2
−
4
4
)
+
1
2
1
2
(
8
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
o
d
if
ied
o
f
t
h
e
o
s
cillatio
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
FO)
,
o
s
cillatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
(
C
O)
an
d
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
an
g
le
co
n
d
itio
n
ar
e
g
o
tte
n
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
3
8
0
1
-
381
0
3804
C
O:
4
4
≤
3
3
(
9
)
FO:
=
2
=
√
[
3
3
(
2
2
−
4
4
)
+
1
2
1
2
]
/
2
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t a
n
g
le
(
P
O)
:
1
2
=
1
2
2
(
4
4
+
2
)
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
n
e
w
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
(8
-
1
0
)
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
n
o
n
-
id
ea
l
VDG
A
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
s
h
o
w
th
at
as
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
tr
ac
k
in
g
er
r
o
r
o
f
th
e
VDG
A
,
th
e
q
u
an
t
ities
o
f
t
h
e
C
O,
F
O
an
d
P
O
ar
e
s
lig
h
tl
y
c
h
a
n
g
ed
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
b
y
g
mi
,
w
h
er
e
i=
1
,
2
,
3
an
d
4
,
o
f
th
e
VDG
As.
4.
I
NF
L
U
E
NC
E
O
F
VDG
A
P
ARASI
T
I
C
I
M
P
E
DANC
E
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
VD
G
A
o
n
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
s
cillato
r
s
h
as
b
ee
n
r
e
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.
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h
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s
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m
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F
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g
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is
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r
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t
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g
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SP
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ased
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p
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also
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d
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tal
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ar
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d
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to
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n
s
(
T
HD)
f
o
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th
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n
e
w
g
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cir
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it
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r
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ted
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P
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r
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n
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o
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ated
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w
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n
s
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m
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la
tio
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d
t
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v
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s
,
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d
P
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T
HD
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3809
RE
F
E
R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
S
e
n
a
n
i,
"
Ne
w
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
sin
e
w
a
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sc
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lato
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IEE
E
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o
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M
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.
[2
]
R.
S
e
n
a
n
i
a
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d
D.
R.
Bh
a
sk
a
r,
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S
in
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ra
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o
f
v
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y
lo
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n
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ies
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
In
st
ru
me
n
ta
ti
o
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a
n
d
M
e
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su
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n
t
,
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l.
4
0
,
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.
4
,
p
p
.
7
7
7
-
7
7
9
,
1
9
9
1
.
[3
]
J.
Du
n
l
o
p
a
n
d
D
.
G
.
S
m
it
h
,
"
T
e
le
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m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
"
(3
rd
e
d
.
).
CRC
Pre
ss
,
1
9
9
4
.
[4
]
W
.
T
o
m
a
si,
"
El
e
c
tro
n
ic Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s S
y
ste
m
,
"
Ne
w
J
e
rs
e
y
;
Pre
n
ti
c
e
-
Ha
ll
I
n
c
.
,
1
9
9
8
.
[5
]
D.
R.
B
h
a
sk
a
r
a
n
d
R.
S
e
n
a
n
i
,
"
Ne
w
CF
OA
-
b
a
se
d
sin
g
le
-
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
-
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
si
n
u
so
id
a
l
o
sc
il
lato
rs,"
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
str
u
me
n
ta
t
io
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
2
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[6
]
D.
R.
B
h
a
sk
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Ne
w
S
R
CO
w
it
h
e
x
p
li
c
it
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
o
u
tp
u
t
u
sin
g
tw
o
CCs
a
n
d
g
ro
u
n
d
e
d
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs,"
T
u
rk
.
Jo
u
rn
a
l
E
n
g
.
&
Co
m
p
.
S
c
i,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
M
.
M
.
El
s
h
e
rb
in
i,
M
.
F
.
El
k
o
r
d
y
a
n
d
A
.
M
.
G
o
m
a
a
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
UH
F
Os
c
il
lato
r
u
si
n
g
S
A
W
R
w
it
h
Diff
e
r
e
n
t
S
c
h
e
m
a
ti
c
s
,
"
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
9
4
-
2
9
9
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
I.
A
.
Kh
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
T
u
n
a
b
le
O
TA
b
a
s
e
d
m
u
lt
ip
h
a
se
sin
u
so
id
a
l
o
sc
il
lato
rs,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
7
2
,
p
p
.
4
4
3
-
4
5
0
,
1
9
9
2
.
[9
]
D.
S
.
W
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
M
u
lt
ip
h
a
se
sin
u
so
id
a
l
o
sc
il
lat
o
r
u
sin
g
se
c
o
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
rs,"
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
7
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
4
5
-
6
5
1
,
1
9
9
5
.
[1
0
]
K.
Kla
h
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
h
a
se
sin
u
so
id
a
l
o
sc
il
lato
r
u
sin
g
CDBA
s,"
i
n
Circ
.
S
y
s.,
Pro
c
.
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
Asia
-
Pa
c
if
ic Co
n
f.
,
p
p
.
7
2
5
–
7
2
8
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
1
]
P
.
M
o
n
g
k
o
lw
a
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
CF
OA
-
b
a
se
d
sin
g
le
re
sista
n
c
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
re
o
sc
il
la
to
r,
"
i
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
stru
me
n
ta
t
io
n
,
pp
.
1
1
4
7
–
1
1
5
0
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
2
]
W
.
T
a
n
g
srira
t,
a
n
d
W
.
T
a
n
jaro
e
n
,
"
Cu
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
m
u
lt
ip
h
a
se
sin
u
so
id
a
l
o
sc
il
lat
o
r
u
sin
g
c
u
rre
n
t
d
if
f
e
re
n
c
in
g
tran
sc
o
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
a
m
p
li
f
iers
,
"
Cir
.
,
S
y
s.,
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
p
p
.
8
1
-
9
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
3
]
W
.
T
a
n
g
srira
t,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Cu
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
m
u
lt
ip
h
a
se
sin
u
so
i
d
a
l
o
sc
il
lato
r
u
sin
g
CDTA
-
b
a
se
d
a
ll
p
a
ss
se
c
ti
o
n
s,"
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
mm
u
.
(
AE
U)
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
p
p
.
6
1
6
-
6
2
2
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
4
]
W
.
Ja
ik
la,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Hig
h
o
u
t
p
u
t
-
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
m
u
lt
ip
h
a
se
sin
u
so
id
a
l
o
sc
il
lato
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
CDTA
-
a
ll
p
a
ss
f
il
ters
,
"
In
t.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
s
,
v
o
l.
9
7
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
8
1
1
-
8
2
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
5
]
K.
K.
A
b
d
a
ll
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Re
a
li
z
in
g
a
Cu
rre
n
t
-
M
o
d
e
Un
iv
e
rsa
l
F
il
ter
a
n
d
Du
a
l
-
M
o
d
e
Qu
a
d
ra
tu
re
S
RCO,"
IET
Circu
it
s,
De
v
ice
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s,
v
o
l,
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
-
1
6
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
6
]
N.
He
re
n
c
sa
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Ne
w
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
V
M
f
o
u
r
-
p
h
a
se
o
sc
il
lato
r
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
o
n
ly
sin
g
le
Z
-
c
o
p
y
V
DT
A
a
n
d
a
ll
g
ro
u
n
d
e
d
p
a
ss
iv
e
e
lem
e
n
ts,"
El
e
k
tro
n
ika
IR
El
e
c
tro
tec
h
in
k
a
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
8
7
-
9
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
R.
S
o
t
n
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
S
e
c
o
n
d
-
o
rd
e
r
sim
p
le
m
u
lt
ip
h
a
se
o
sc
il
lato
r
u
s
in
g
Z
-
c
o
p
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
-
g
a
in
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
iff
e
r
e
n
c
in
g
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
r"
,
El
e
k
tro
n
ika
IR
El
e
c
tro
tec
h
in
k
a
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
S
.
M
a
h
e
sh
w
a
ri,
"
S
in
u
so
i
d
a
l
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
w
it
h
π/
4
sh
if
ted
f
o
u
r/ei
g
h
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
f
o
u
r
g
ro
u
n
d
e
d
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s a
n
d
tw
o
/six
a
c
ti
v
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
ts,"
Active
a
n
d
p
a
ss
ive
e
lec
tro
n
ic co
mp
o
n
e
n
ts
,
2
0
1
4
,
7
p
a
g
e
s,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
K.
K.
A
b
d
a
ll
a
,
"
Ne
w
Tw
o
S
im
p
le
S
in
u
so
i
d
a
l
G
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
w
it
h
F
o
u
r
4
5
o
P
h
a
se
S
h
if
t
e
d
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Ou
tp
u
t
s Us
in
g
S
in
g
le
F
DCCII
a
n
d
G
ro
u
n
d
e
d
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
0
8
0
-
5
0
8
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
M
.
M
.
He
im
a
a
n
d
H
.
H.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
"
A
c
ti
v
e
-
R
Os
c
il
lato
rs
Ba
se
d
On
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
F
irst
-
Ord
e
r
B
u
il
d
in
g
B
lo
c
k
s
(P
a
rt
I)
,
"
T
h
e
On
li
n
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
s a
n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
OJ
EE
E)
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
4
-
9
8
,
2
0
0
9
[2
1
]
F
.
L
lo
p
is
,
J
G
o
n
z
á
lez
a
n
d
M
Ja
k
a
s
,
"
A
lo
w
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
t
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
AC
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
b
u
il
t
f
ro
m
a
n
a
lo
g
u
e
b
lo
c
k
s
,"
WS
EA
S
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
C
i
rc
u
i
t
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
p
p
.
2
6
2
-
2
6
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
2
]
S
.
S
iri
p
o
n
g
d
e
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
ll
y
Co
n
tro
ll
a
b
le
Cu
rre
n
t
-
M
o
d
e
M
u
lt
i
p
h
a
se
S
in
u
so
i
d
a
l
Os
c
il
lato
r
f
o
r
Bio
m
e
d
ica
l
T
issu
e
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
s,"
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
B
io
sc
ien
c
e
,
Bi
o
c
h
e
mistry
a
n
d
Bi
o
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
57
-
5
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
D.
S
.
W
u
,
S
.
I.
L
iu
,
Y.
S
.
H
w
a
n
g
a
n
d
Y
.
P
.
W
u
,
“
M
u
lt
i
p
h
a
se
sin
u
so
id
a
l
o
sc
il
lato
r
u
sin
g
se
c
o
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
y
o
rs,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
7
8
,
n
o.
4,
p
p
.
6
4
5
-
6
5
1
,
1
9
9
5
.
[2
4
]
D.
Bio
lek
,
R.
S
e
n
a
n
i,
V
.
Bio
lk
o
v
a
a
n
d
Z.
Ko
lk
a
,
"
Ac
ti
v
e
e
le
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
a
n
a
lo
g
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
:
Clas
si
f
ica
ti
o
n
,
re
v
ie
w
,
a
n
d
n
e
w
p
ro
p
o
sa
ls,
"
Ra
d
i
o
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
17
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
15
-
32
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
5
]
K.
K.
A
b
d
a
ll
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
o
d
e
c
ircu
it
s
a
n
d
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
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6
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D.
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sk
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7
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.
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[2
8
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b
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p
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p
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[2
9
]
N.
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re
n
c
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a
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ts,"
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[3
1
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K.
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b
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3
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4
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sin
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.
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srir
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t
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5
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J.
S
a
tan
su
p
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W
.
T
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srira
t,
"
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(V
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d
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.
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.
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ter
.
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p
.
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,
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3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.