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201
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485
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6
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An
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6
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Dec
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2
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1
8
:
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8
5
5
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r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
b
y
ea
ch
h
o
m
e
i
n
r
ea
l
tim
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
h
ar
e
au
to
m
atica
l
l
y
t
h
e
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
a
m
o
n
g
as
m
an
y
h
o
m
es a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
i
s
t
o
p
r
esen
t
a
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
an
d
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el
s
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
es
in
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
b
ased
o
n
au
to
m
at
ic
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
en
er
g
y
s
h
ar
i
n
g
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
(
SO
C
)
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it
u
s
i
n
g
b
y
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e
an
d
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
h
o
m
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
ca
n
li
m
it
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
w
ast
e
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
b
y
ea
ch
h
o
m
e
in
r
ea
l
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
t
r
o
l
an
d
s
h
ar
e
au
to
m
a
ticall
y
th
e
P
V
p
an
els
a
m
o
n
g
as
m
an
y
h
o
m
e
s
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
S
ec
tio
n
I
I
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
en
er
g
y
s
h
ar
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
(
P
VE
SS
)
,
th
e
s
w
itc
h
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
d
i
s
cu
s
s
es
t
h
e
P
VE
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Sectio
n
I
I
I
g
i
v
es
a
n
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
Sectio
n
I
V
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
d
is
e
cu
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
r
esu
lt
s
.
Fin
all
y
,
Sectio
n
V
co
n
cl
u
d
e
s
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
P
H
O
T
O
VO
L
T
A
I
C
E
NE
R
G
Y
SH
ARIN
G
SY
ST
E
M
(
P
V
E
SS
)
D
E
SCR
I
P
T
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
Sw
it
ching
M
a
t
rix
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
en
er
g
y
s
h
ar
i
n
g
(
P
VE
S)
s
y
s
te
m
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
h
ar
e
au
to
m
atica
l
l
y
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
els
o
r
s
tr
in
g
s
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
es
i
n
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
ar
ea
s
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
y
n
o
p
tic
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
en
er
g
y
s
h
ar
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
all
h
o
m
e
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
it
m
a
n
ag
e
s
th
e
s
h
ar
in
g
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
aic
p
an
els
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
h
o
m
es
at
leas
t;
ea
ch
h
o
m
e
is
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
els,
elec
tr
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it
an
d
DC
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
els
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
h
o
m
e
s
lo
ad
v
ia
a
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
m
atr
i
x
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
es a
n
d
d
if
f
er
en
t p
a
n
els.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
n
o
p
tic
Dia
g
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
e
n
r
g
y
s
h
ar
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
m
atr
i
x
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Ns
w
r
ela
y
s
to
allo
w
a
p
ar
allel
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
h
ar
ed
P
V
p
an
els o
r
s
tr
in
g
s
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
=
∗
ℎ
(
1
)
E
ac
h
P
V
p
an
el
w
i
ll
h
av
e
to
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
n
y
o
th
er
s
tr
in
g
o
f
an
y
h
o
m
e.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
a
P
V
p
an
el
w
ill
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
p
o
s
it
iv
e
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
an
y
o
t
h
er
s
tr
i
n
g
.
L
ik
e
w
i
s
e,
t
h
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
ter
m
i
n
al
w
ill
h
av
e
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
n
n
ec
t
in
g
to
th
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
an
y
o
th
er
s
tr
i
n
g
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
ed
,
o
n
l
y
(
N
pv
*N
h
)
s
w
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h
es
w
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ll b
e
u
tili
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d
to
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ec
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n
f
ig
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r
e
t
h
e
P
V
p
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els co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
N
h
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
m
es i
n
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
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d
N
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th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
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els s
u
c
h
:
=
∑
(
)
ℎ
=
1
(
2
)
(
)
: is th
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u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
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b
l
o
ck
s
o
f
ea
ch
h
o
m
e.
P
V
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S
S
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4857
Fig
u
r
e
2
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Sch
e
m
atic
Dia
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
P
VB
M
S
w
itch
in
g
Ma
tr
i
x
2
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2
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h
m
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tr
o
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e
s
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g
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a
tr
i
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ate
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ate
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els
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n
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g
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r
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An
al
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ith
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o
f
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els
s
h
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g
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ev
elo
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ed
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o
r
d
e
r
to
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n
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ig
u
r
e
th
e
P
V
p
an
els
an
d
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n
n
ec
t
th
e
m
in
p
ar
allel
w
ith
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
h
o
m
e
s
i
n
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
th
e
e
lectr
ica
l
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it
u
s
i
n
g
b
y
ea
ch
h
o
m
e
an
d
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
ac
h
h
o
m
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
ap
p
lies
to
N
pv
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
e
ls
an
d
N
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
m
es.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
s
o
th
at
a
n
y
h
o
m
e,
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
tr
o
u
b
le,
ca
n
co
n
n
ec
t
at
lea
s
t
to
h
i
s
p
er
s
o
n
al
P
v
p
an
els.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
m
a
tr
ix
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
n
s
is
ts
in
r
ea
ctin
g
i
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
(
th
e
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it
u
s
i
n
g
b
y
ea
ch
h
o
m
e
a
n
d
o
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e)
an
d
ca
lcu
lates
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
m
at
r
ix
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
tep
s
:
Step
1
:
I
d
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
m
e
s
(
N
h
)
i
n
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
an
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
P
V
p
an
els (
Np
)
o
f
ea
ch
h
o
m
e.
Step
2
:
ca
lcu
late
th
e
elec
tr
ica
l
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
P
h
)
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
o
m
e
(
k
)
,
esti
m
ate
h
is
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
(
S
OC
)
a
n
d
d
etec
te
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
r
ee
P
V
p
an
el
s
(
B
an
k
)
.
A
c
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
i
s
t
h
r
ee
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
,
t
h
e
P
VE
S a
lg
o
r
ith
m
r
esp
o
n
d
s
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
➢
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
w
h
er
e
th
e
b
atter
y
o
f
th
i
s
h
o
m
e
(
k
)
,
is
f
u
l
l
y
c
h
ar
g
ed
an
d
h
is
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
less
th
a
n
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
o
n
e
P
V
p
an
el
(
P
pv
)
.
T
h
e
P
VE
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
b
tr
ac
ts
all
th
e
P
V
p
an
els
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
is
h
o
m
e
(
k
)
an
d
ad
d
s
th
e
m
to
t
h
e
B
an
k
(
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
t
h
e
r
eser
v
e
o
f
P
V
p
an
els
to
s
h
ar
e
th
e
m
w
it
h
o
th
er
h
o
m
es (
k
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k
)
)
.
T
h
en
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
p
ass
e
s
t
o
th
e
n
ex
t h
o
m
e.
➢
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
w
h
er
e
th
e
b
atter
y
o
f
th
i
s
h
o
m
e
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k
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u
l
l
y
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h
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h
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ical
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m
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ter
th
an
th
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m
ax
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m
u
m
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er
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r
o
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y
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e
P
V
p
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el
P
pv
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h
e
P
VE
S
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o
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ith
m
p
ass
es
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n
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t
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s
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n
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e
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s
e
w
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er
e
th
e
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atter
y
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f
th
is
h
o
m
e
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o
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ith
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r
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r
ee
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V
p
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els d
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icate
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to
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s
h
a
r
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g
w
i
th
o
t
h
er
h
o
m
e
s
(
th
e
B
a
n
k
)
.
T
w
o
ca
s
es a
r
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le:
1.
I
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
m
e
(
k
)
p
er
s
o
n
al
P
V
p
an
el
s
(
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(
k
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is
s
tr
ictl
y
g
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ea
ter
th
a
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
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n
n
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ted
P
V
p
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els
(
N
h
(
k
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th
i
s
h
o
m
e:
T
h
e
P
VE
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ea
r
c
h
es
f
o
r
an
o
t
h
er
u
s
er
(
k
)
'
#
k
)
w
h
ic
h
u
s
e
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
P
V
p
an
els
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
is
o
w
n
P
V
p
an
els.
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h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
d
ev
ice
s
u
b
tr
ac
ts
a
b
lo
ck
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
o
m
e
k
'
a
n
d
ad
d
s
it
to
th
e
h
o
m
e
k
.
T
h
en
th
e
P
VE
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
ass
es to
th
e
n
ex
t h
o
m
e
(
k
+
1
)
.
2.
I
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
P
V
p
an
els
(
Np
(
k
)
)
to
th
e
h
o
m
e
(
k
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is
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
o
r
eq
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al
to
th
e
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
lo
ck
s
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Nh
(
k
)
)
to
th
i
s
u
s
er
: th
e
P
VE
S a
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
p
ass
e
s
to
th
e
n
e
x
t
u
s
er
(
k
+
1
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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er
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y
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te
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u
s
es
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tr
o
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i
c
d
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n
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o
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th
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er
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y
s
h
ar
i
n
g
a
m
o
n
g
h
o
m
e
s
.
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h
e
P
VE
SS
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llects
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f
o
r
m
atio
n
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b
atter
y
SO
C
a
n
d
elec
tr
ical
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o
w
er
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n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
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r
o
m
h
o
m
es
a
n
d
t
h
en
ar
r
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g
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t
h
e
P
V
p
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el
s
s
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ar
i
n
g
a
m
o
n
g
h
o
m
es.
3
.
1
.
B
a
t
t
er
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SO
C
Det
er
m
ina
t
io
n
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
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ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
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r
s
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ate
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of
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g
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m
atio
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atter
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ased
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m
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r
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9
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1
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ased
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atter
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h
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atter
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r
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ep
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r
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r
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n
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t
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y
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v
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r
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atter
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ll b
e
g
iv
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n
b
y
t
h
e
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p
r
es
s
io
n
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)
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n
w
h
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h
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atter
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n
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atter
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g
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r
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m
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lies
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e
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atter
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y
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a
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ics
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)
(
4
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w
h
er
e
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C
(
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n
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ed
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e
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itial
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o
f
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h
e
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atter
y
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h
e
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C
at
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
t
0
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=0
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=
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)
i
s
th
e
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o
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ce
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ted
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h
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atter
y
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ti
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e
t
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n
d
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h
e
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o
w
er
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is
ch
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g
ed
b
y
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h
e
b
atter
y
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ti
m
e
t.
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h
e
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ailab
le
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atter
y
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an
k
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p
ac
it
y
m
u
s
t
n
o
t
b
e
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
t
h
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m
i
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m
u
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al
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le
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it
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i
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d
m
u
s
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t b
e
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ig
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n
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h
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m
a
x
i
m
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m
allo
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le
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p
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it
y
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C
m
ax
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1
1
]
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it
h
:
=
(
1
−
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h
er
e
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t
h
e
d
ep
th
o
f
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as a
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e.
3
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
des
ieg
n
T
h
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
t
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
Gr
id
n
o
d
es
in
a
s
m
all
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
w
i
th
f
i
v
e
h
o
m
es.
W
h
er
e
ea
ch
h
o
m
e
is
eq
u
ip
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ed
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it
h
t
w
o
P
V
p
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els
(
1
0
0
W
)
,
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atter
y
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1
2
V
/
7
0
0
A
h
)
a
n
d
DC
/DC
in
v
er
ter
f
o
r
ch
ar
g
e
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n
tr
o
lin
g
.
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n
th
is
e
m
b
o
d
i
m
e
n
t,
all
P
V
p
an
els
ar
e
ab
le
to
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e
s
h
ar
e
w
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th
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h
o
m
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h
ic
h
m
a
k
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te
n
b
lo
ck
s
ar
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p
er
m
an
e
n
tl
y
s
h
ar
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
iv
e
h
o
m
e
s
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
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r
e
4
th
e
d
if
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er
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
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VE
S
s
y
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te
m
c
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m
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th
e
m
u
s
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n
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a
p
r
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g
r
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m
m
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le
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tr
o
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l
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h
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4.
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I
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p
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I
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4861
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en
er
g
y
to
a
lar
g
e
en
er
g
y
-
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
h
o
m
e.
T
h
is
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
to
r
ed
u
cin
g
to
tal
en
er
g
y
lo
s
t
.
W
e
also
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
en
er
g
y
s
h
ar
i
n
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
’
e
lectr
ic
al
lo
s
t
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
en
e
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g
y
s
h
ar
i
n
g
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
u
ru
g
a
n
a
n
t
h
a
m
B
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
w
it
h
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
a
n
d
st
o
ra
g
e
in
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
7
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
-
1
3
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
Ko
d
a
n
d
a
R
.
a
n
d
M
a
n
n
a
m
V
.
,
“
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
G
rid
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
Hy
b
rid
A
C/DC
M
icro
g
ri
d
s
u
sin
g
RES
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
2
)
p
p
.
1
9
5
-
2
0
2
.
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
Bo
u
n
th
a
n
h
B
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
L
o
ss
e
s
M
in
im
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
8
(
4
)
p
p
.
1
9
5
4
-
1
9
6
6
.
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
T
.
Zh
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
h
a
rin
g
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
in
s
m
a
rt
m
icro
g
rid
s,”
ACM
/IE
EE
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Cy
b
e
r
Ph
y
sic
a
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
P
h
il
a
d
e
lp
h
i
a
,
USA
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
-
2
2
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
W
.
Zh
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
iDE
S
:
in
c
e
n
ti
v
e
-
d
riv
e
n
d
istri
b
u
ted
e
n
e
rg
y
sh
a
rin
g
i
n
s
u
sta
in
a
b
le
m
icro
g
rid
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Gr
e
e
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
Da
ll
a
s,
USA
,
p
p
.
1
-
10
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
V
.
Kira
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
stu
d
y
o
f
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
a
n
d
so
tred
e
n
e
rg
y
sh
a
rin
g
a
n
d
p
r
icin
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
st
e
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
-
a
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
lex
e
s,”
IEE
E
P
ES
in
n
o
v
a
t
ive
sm
a
rt
g
rid
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
Eu
ro
p
e
,
Ista
n
b
u
l,
T
u
rk
e
y
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
A
.
M
e
z
o
u
a
ri,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Ne
w
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
Bl
o
c
k
s
M
u
t
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
M
icro
-
G
rid
s
Us
i
n
g
a
n
A
rd
u
in
o
Bo
a
r
d
a
n
d
L
a
b
v
ie
w
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
9
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
9
8
-
104
,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
K.
S
.
Ng
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
u
l
o
m
b
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
e
sti
m
a
t
in
g
sta
te
-
of
-
c
h
a
rg
e
a
n
d
sta
te
-
of
-
h
e
a
lt
h
o
f
li
th
iu
m
-
io
n
b
a
tt
e
ries
,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
86
(
9
)
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
6
–
1
5
1
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
J.
Ch
ias
so
n
a
n
d
B.
V
a
iram
o
h
a
n
,
“
Esti
m
a
ti
n
g
th
e
sta
te
o
f
c
h
a
rg
e
o
f
a
b
a
tt
e
r
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
ms
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
13
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
4
6
5
–
4
7
0
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
0
]
S
.
Ro
d
rig
u
e
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
sta
t
e
-
of
-
c
h
a
r
g
e
in
d
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
b
a
tt
e
ries
b
y
m
e
a
n
s
o
f
A
.
C.
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r S
o
u
rc
e
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
87
(
1
-
2
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
–
2
0
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
1
]
S
.
Vo
se
n
a
n
d
J.
Ke
ll
e
r,
“
Hy
b
rid
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
s
f
o
r
sta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
e
lec
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s:
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
s
y
ste
m
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
o
st
t
h
ro
u
g
h
c
o
n
tr
o
l
stra
teg
ies
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Hy
d
ro
g
e
n
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
24
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
9
–
1
1
5
6
,
1
9
9
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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6
,
Dec
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b
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B
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