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Ng
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t
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in
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[
1
-
3
]
.
T
o
p
r
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ce
w
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t,
t
h
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atic
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ased
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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p
er
atu
r
e
(
C
C
T
)
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
lo
s
s
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
li
g
h
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
h
ee
t
[
1
7
-
1
9
]
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
r
es
u
lti
n
g
in
lo
w
lig
h
t
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
th
e
s
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
g
et
b
etter
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
.
B
esid
es,
alt
h
o
u
g
h
an
g
u
lar
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
(
AC
U)
ca
n
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
a
n
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
u
ch
as
th
e
p
att
er
n
ed
s
ap
p
h
ir
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
P
SS
)
[
1
9
]
,
th
e
DB
R
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
[
2
0
]
,
an
d
th
e
d
ich
r
o
ic
f
ilter
th
at
r
ec
y
cles
li
g
h
t
[
2
1
]
,
b
u
t
h
ig
h
ex
p
e
n
s
e
s
an
d
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
w
h
e
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
o
n
a
n
a
v
ailab
le
ill
u
m
in
at
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
e
th
e
d
i
s
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
cr
ea
te
a
co
s
t
-
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
at
is
ea
s
y
to
in
t
e
g
r
ate
a
n
d
h
as
h
ig
h
co
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
it
y
a
n
d
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
o
u
tp
u
t,
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
m
icr
o
-
p
atter
n
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
(
R
MP
P
)
lay
er
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
th
e
alter
n
ati
v
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
f
lat
R
P
f
il
m
in
W
L
E
Ds.
T
h
e
R
MP
P
lay
er
is
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
it
h
m
u
ltip
le
la
y
er
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
f
lat
R
P
f
il
m
i
s
l
aid
in
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
-
p
atter
n
ed
(
MP
)
p
o
ly
d
i
m
eth
y
l
s
ilo
x
a
n
e
(
P
DM
S)
lay
er
s
.
A
d
ap
ti
n
g
t
h
is
id
ea
,
d
u
al
-
la
y
e
r
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
w
er
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
in
v
esti
g
ated
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
o
p
tical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
A
d
u
al
-
la
y
er
R
P
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
a
y
el
lo
w
Y
A
G
:
Ce
3+
la
y
er
p
lace
d
u
n
d
er
a
r
e
d
o
r
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
n
e.
I
n
2
0
1
7
,
Nh
an
an
d
h
is
p
ar
tn
er
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
it
h
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
SrO
.
3
B
2
O
3
:S
m
2+
in
t
h
e
d
u
al
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
e
n
h
an
ce
lig
h
t o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
1
7
%
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
B
esid
es,
in
th
e
s
tab
le
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
SrO
.
3
B
2
O
3
:S
m
2+
,
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
5
%
h
ig
h
er
co
lo
r
r
en
d
er
in
g
in
d
ex
(
C
R
I
)
th
an
t
h
e
m
i
x
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
W
L
E
Ds
[
2
2
,
2
3
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
j
u
s
t
s
h
o
w
ed
th
e
b
etter
r
esu
lts
o
f
C
R
I
w
h
ich
is
o
n
e
o
f
ele
m
en
t
s
u
s
in
g
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
n
n
o
t
co
m
p
lete
l
y
a
s
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
th
is
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
o
f
W
L
E
D
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
lu
x
i
s
b
etter
.
An
o
th
er
v
a
lu
e
ca
lled
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
s
ca
les
(
C
Q
S)
w
h
ic
h
in
clu
d
es
C
R
I
,
v
ie
w
er
’
s
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
d
co
lo
r
co
o
r
d
in
ates
is
co
n
s
id
er
a
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
i
n
d
ex
to
ev
al
u
at
e
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
W
L
E
D
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
L
ee
et
al.
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
t
w
o
p
ac
k
a
g
e
s
o
f
d
u
al
-
la
y
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
lu
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t,
C
R
I
an
d
C
QS
o
f
W
L
E
D
s
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
u
s
e
s
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
w
h
ile
th
e
o
th
e
r
u
s
es
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
Eu
2+
,
S
m
2
+
la
y
er
to
p
lace
ab
o
v
e
th
e
y
ello
w
Y
A
G
:C
e
3+
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
t
h
e
g
r
ee
n
-
y
ello
w
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
g
r
ee
n
li
g
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
to
b
etter
th
e
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
b
u
t
it
lead
s
to
a
lar
g
e
d
ec
li
n
e
in
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
r
ed
-
y
ello
w
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
etter
r
en
d
er
in
g
ab
ilit
y
th
a
t
ex
p
r
ess
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
R
I
,
C
Q
S
an
d
r
es
u
lti
n
g
in
b
et
ter
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
,
alt
h
o
u
g
h
in
f
er
io
r
in
lu
m
en
e
f
f
icac
y
.
B
esid
es,
An
h
’
s
tea
m
also
r
esear
ch
ed
o
n
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
h
ap
es o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
in
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
f
lat
d
u
al
-
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
(
FDR
P
)
w
ith
p
lan
ar
la
y
er
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
n
ca
v
e
d
u
al
-
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
(
C
D
R
P
)
w
i
th
in
d
e
n
ted
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
y
f
i
n
all
y
f
i
g
u
r
ed
o
u
t
t
h
at
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
C
DR
P
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
t
h
e
FD
R
P
ca
n
ac
co
m
p
l
is
h
ed
b
etter
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
lu
x
a
s
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
g
o
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
w
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
e
r
s
m
o
r
e
ea
s
il
y
.
T
h
e
y
al
s
o
s
u
g
g
ested
t
h
e
s
u
itab
le
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
1
=
0
.
0
8
m
m
o
r
d
2
=
0
.
6
3
m
m
to
b
e
t
h
e
g
ap
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
t
w
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
an
d
t
h
e
led
c
h
ip
’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
y
also
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
t
h
e
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
in
b
o
th
ca
s
es.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
d
u
al
-
la
y
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
W
L
E
Ds,
b
u
t
it
h
ar
d
to
attain
b
etter
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
a
n
d
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
tr
ip
le
-
la
y
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
o
s
e
as
p
ec
ts
in
L
E
D
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
A
t
r
ip
l
e
-
la
y
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
:
th
e
y
ello
w
Y
A
G:
C
e
3
+
is
p
lace
d
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
,
co
v
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
in
e
L
E
D
c
h
ip
s
,
w
h
ile
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
il
m
is
lo
ca
ted
at
t
h
e
to
p
a
n
d
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
is
th
e
m
id
d
le.
T
h
at
th
i
s
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
cl
u
d
es
g
r
ee
n
an
d
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
th
e
g
r
ee
n
b
u
t
also
th
e
r
ed
-
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
,
lead
in
g
to
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
b
o
th
h
ig
h
er
lu
m
e
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
an
d
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
.
He
n
ce
,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
i
ll
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
tr
ip
le
-
la
y
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
W
L
E
Ds.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
D
L
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
an
d
T
L
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
n
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
,
C
R
I
an
d
C
QS
w
il
l
b
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
to
a
s
s
u
r
e
d
t
h
e
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
r
e
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
l
a
y
e
r
s
i
n
s
i
d
e
t
h
e
L
E
D
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
s
.
T
h
u
s
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ated
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.
2.
RE
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ARCH
M
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H
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D
2
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1
.
P
re
pa
r
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m
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B
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r
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ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
0
8
8
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I
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t J
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&
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
2
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:
6
2
4
4
-
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2
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r
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t
h
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s
t
b
e
p
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n
to
a
s
tr
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.
I
n
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y
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m
ater
ial
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ar
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g
d
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ize,
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ased
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5
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2.
2
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s
T
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cr
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tio
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al
s
c
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m
at
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in
Fi
g
u
r
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1
ar
e
th
e
illu
s
tr
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n
o
f
L
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s
p
ac
k
ag
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s
ed
in
th
e
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ch
.
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g
u
r
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1
(
a)
,
1
(
b
)
,
r
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y
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al
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r
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tatio
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th
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ar
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f
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it
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g
las
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a
h
a
lf
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a
n
d
p
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k
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w
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.
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th
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atic
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h
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u
b
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at
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th
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YAG:Ce
3+
.
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
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if
t
h
e
Y
AG:
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e
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co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
h
ig
h
er
,
t
h
er
e
w
il
l
b
e
m
o
r
e
b
ac
k
-
s
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tter
i
n
g
ev
en
t
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
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ed
u
ce
d
e
m
itt
ed
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
i
s
h
ig
h
er
.
O
n
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
wh
en
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Y
A
G:C
e
3+
is
r
ai
s
ed
,
th
e
i
m
b
alan
ce
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
p
r
im
ar
y
co
lo
r
s
t
h
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
w
h
ite
li
g
h
ts
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
y
el
lo
w
,
r
ed
an
d
g
r
ee
n
,
w
ill
a
p
p
ea
r
,
lead
in
g
to
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
.
Hen
ce
,
to
ad
v
an
ce
th
e
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
an
d
t
h
e
ch
r
o
m
atic
q
u
alit
y
o
f
W
L
E
Ds,
th
e
b
ac
k
-
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ed
-
li
g
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
B
es
id
es,
th
e
c
h
r
o
m
ati
c
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
as
w
e
ll
as
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
al
s
o
u
n
d
er
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
f
g
r
ee
n
li
g
h
t.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
it
s
ee
m
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
tr
ip
le
-
la
y
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
c
t
u
r
e
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ad
v
a
n
tag
eo
u
s
o
n
e,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
i
s
a
s
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
tea
m
co
n
t
in
u
es
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
th
er
ess
e
n
tial
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
to
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
is
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
in
b
o
th
d
u
al
a
n
d
tr
ip
le
-
la
y
er
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
T
L
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
i
s
h
i
g
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er
th
a
n
DL
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
at
s
ev
er
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w
av
ele
n
g
t
h
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an
g
es
w
h
ic
h
s
u
g
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e
s
t
s
th
at
p
c
-
L
E
D
s
w
ith
t
h
r
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p
h
o
s
p
h
o
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lay
er
s
h
a
s
b
etter
lig
h
ti
n
g
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
r
eg
ar
d
les
s
o
f
co
lo
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
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n
h
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ch
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o
ma
tic
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n
ifo
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mity
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min
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s
efficien
cy
o
f WL
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w
ith
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N
g
u
ye
n
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i P
h
u
o
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n
)
6247
Fig
u
r
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2
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
y
ello
w
Y
A
G:
C
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3+
p
h
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h
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t
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C
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Fig
u
r
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3
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m
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io
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s
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n
f
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g
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r
atio
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s
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
C
R
I
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
d
u
al
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la
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(
D
L
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a
n
d
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ip
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(
T
L
)
r
e
m
o
te
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h
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r
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
r
esear
ch
f
o
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
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in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
.
A
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
,
D
L
s
tr
u
ct
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r
e
s
h
o
w
s
h
i
g
h
er
C
R
I
th
a
n
t
h
e
T
L
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
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C
T
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
C
R
I
o
f
D
L
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
r
is
es
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n
g
w
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th
ea
c
h
o
f
AC
C
T
an
d
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ea
ch
es
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e
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g
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t
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al
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e
at
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C
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o
f
8
5
0
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h
is
r
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lt
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s
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m
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er
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i
m
p
r
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R
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f
o
r
r
e
m
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te
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o
s
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h
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u
ct
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r
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e
s
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ec
iall
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wh
en
co
n
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o
lli
n
g
t
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e
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ar
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h
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t
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e
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e
C
R
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ec
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s
e
o
f
th
e
ad
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ed
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ed
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lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ed
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:M
n
4
+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
i
n
t
er
m
s
o
f
C
R
I
,
th
e
T
L
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
th
e
r
u
n
n
er
-
u
p
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
ass
u
r
ed
th
at,
w
it
h
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
as
C
R
I
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ch
o
o
s
e
DL
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
m
as
s
-
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
W
L
E
Ds.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
C
R
I
i
s
j
u
s
t o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
ex
es
u
s
ed
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
an
o
t
h
er
p
ar
a
m
eter
ca
ll
ed
C
QS
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
p
o
p
u
lar
to
m
a
n
y
r
esear
ch
e
s
.
C
QS
i
s
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
ee
ele
m
e
n
ts
:
C
R
I
,
v
ie
w
er
s
'
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
,
an
d
c
h
r
o
m
a
ticit
y
co
o
r
d
in
ate.
D
u
e
to
its
c
o
v
er
o
f
th
e
s
e
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
,
C
QS
h
as
b
ee
n
a
g
r
ea
t
g
o
al
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
s
ee
m
ed
to
b
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
cial
to
ev
a
l
u
ate
th
e
ch
r
o
m
aticit
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
th
e
C
Q
S
o
f
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
f
th
e
D
L
h
as
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
C
R
I
,
th
e
T
L
r
ea
ch
es
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
C
QS,
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
b
ala
n
ce
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
t
h
r
ee
co
lo
r
s
r
ed
,
y
ello
w
an
d
g
r
ee
n
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
C
QS,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
el
y
,
th
e
C
QS
is
f
o
u
n
d
lo
w
er
i
n
D
L
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
T
L
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
s
ad
v
an
ta
g
eo
u
s
to
t
h
e
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
,
b
u
t
h
ar
d
to
m
an
a
g
e
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
i
f
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
ad
d
ed
r
ed
an
d
g
r
ee
n
li
g
h
t c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
,
it
ca
n
b
e
ass
u
r
ed
th
a
t
i
f
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
s
i
s
t
h
e
co
l
o
r
q
u
alit
y
,
th
e
y
s
h
o
u
ld
s
elec
t
T
L
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
t
h
e
r
is
i
n
g
q
u
esti
o
n
i
s
t
h
at
if
t
h
e
c
h
r
o
m
at
ic
q
u
alit
y
is
b
etter
,
is
th
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
o
u
tp
u
t
a
f
f
ec
ted
?
T
o
f
ig
u
r
e
o
u
t
t
h
i
s
q
u
es
tio
n
,
th
e
r
esear
c
h
tea
m
m
ad
e
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
e
m
itted
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
D
L
an
d
T
L
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
t
b
elo
w
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
at
w
er
e
ap
p
lied
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
b
lu
e
li
g
h
t
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
y
e
llo
w
lig
h
t
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
in
th
e
T
L
r
e
m
o
te
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
to
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t o
f
L
E
D
ef
f
ici
en
c
y
ac
h
ie
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
lo
r
r
en
d
er
in
g
in
d
e
x
es o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
t
o
A
C
C
T
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
s
ca
le
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
t
o
A
C
C
T
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
6
2
4
4
-
6
2
5
0
6248
T
h
e
e
m
itted
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l
u
e
li
g
h
t
an
d
y
ello
w
li
g
h
t
f
r
o
m
lig
h
t
co
n
v
er
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io
n
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
co
n
tain
i
n
g
o
n
e
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h
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s
p
h
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r
la
y
er
w
it
h
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
d
escr
ib
ed
as 2
h
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
:
2
=
0
−
2
ℎ
−
2
ℎ
=
0
−
2
2
ℎ
(
1
)
2
=
1
2
2
0
2
−
2
[
−
2
ℎ
−
−
2
ℎ
]
−
2
ℎ
+
1
2
2
0
2
−
2
[
−
2
ℎ
−
−
2
ℎ
]
=
1
2
2
0
2
−
2
[
−
2
1
ℎ
−
−
2
1
ℎ
]
(
2
)
T
h
e
em
it
ted
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
an
d
y
e
llo
w
l
ig
h
t
f
r
o
m
lig
h
t
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
ag
e
co
n
tain
i
n
g
t
w
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
w
ith
t
h
e
la
y
er
th
ic
k
n
ess
o
f
h
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
w
it
h
:
3
=
0
.
−
2
2ℎ
3
.
−
2
2ℎ
3
.
−
2
2ℎ
3
=
0
.
−
2
3
ℎ
(
3
)
′
3
=
1
2
3
0
3
−
3
[
−
3
2ℎ
3
–
−
3
2ℎ
3
]
−
3
2ℎ
3
+
1
2
3
0
−
3
2ℎ
3
3
−
3
[
−
3
2ℎ
3
−
−
3
2ℎ
3
]
=
1
2
3
0
3
−
3
[
−
3
4ℎ
3
−
−
2
3
4ℎ
3
]
(
4
)
3
=
′
3
.
−
3
2ℎ
3
+
0
.
−
2
3
4ℎ
3
1
2
3
3
−
3
[
−
3
2ℎ
3
−
−
3
2ℎ
3
]
=
1
2
3
0
3
−
3
[
−
3
4ℎ
3
–
−
3
4ℎ
3
]
−
3
2ℎ
3
+
1
2
3
0
−
3
4ℎ
3
3
−
3
[
−
3
2ℎ
3
−
−
3
2ℎ
3
]
=
1
2
3
0
3
−
3
[
−
3
ℎ
−
−
2
3
ℎ
]
(
5
)
T
h
e
h
d
ep
icts
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
d
en
s
it
y
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t
“
1
”
a
n
d
“
2
”
n
o
te
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
la
y
er
a
n
d
d
o
u
b
le
-
lay
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
β
is
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t
f
o
r
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
to
y
ello
w
li
g
h
t.
γ
is
th
e
r
ef
lect
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
y
ello
w
lig
h
t.
T
h
e
in
te
n
s
it
ies
o
f
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
(
PB
)
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
(
PY
)
ar
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
li
g
h
t
in
ten
s
it
y
o
f
b
l
u
e
L
E
D,
in
d
icate
d
b
y
PB
0
.
α
B
;
α
Y
ar
e
in
d
ice
s
d
escr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
lo
s
s
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itted
en
er
g
y
i
n
b
l
u
e
an
d
y
e
ll
o
w
li
g
h
ts
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
ir
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
t
h
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
.
B
esid
es,
in
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t
“
4
”,
PY
’
3
is
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
y
ello
w
li
g
h
t
t
h
at
h
a
s
p
ass
ed
t
w
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ials
.
I
n
T
L
r
em
o
te
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
p
c
-
L
E
Ds,
th
er
e
is
a
n
o
tab
le
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
li
g
h
t
in
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
d
u
al
-
la
y
er
o
n
e
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
(
3
−
3
)
−
(
2
+
2
)
(
2
+
2
)
>
−
2
3
ℎ
−
−
2
2
ℎ
−
2
3
ℎ
−
−
2
2
ℎ
> 0
(
6
)
T
h
e
Mie
-
th
eo
r
y
is
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
t
h
at
ap
p
lied
th
e
Mie
t
h
eo
r
y
,
t
h
e
s
c
atter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
C
sca
f
o
r
cir
cu
lar
p
ar
ticles
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
o
f
li
g
h
t p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
w
i
th
B
ee
r
’
s
la
w
[
2
5
]
:
I
= I
0
ex
p
(
-
µ
ext
L)
(
7
)
T
h
e
I
0
in
th
i
s
eq
u
atio
n
is
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
i
n
cid
en
t li
g
h
t,
L
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
d
en
s
i
t
y
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
(
m
m
)
an
d
µ
ext
is
t
h
e
ex
t
in
ct
io
n
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
:
µ
ex
t
=
N
r
.C
e
xt
,
w
h
er
e
N
r
i
s
as
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
d
en
s
i
t
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticles (
m
m
-
3
)
.
C
ext
(
m
m
2
)
is
t
h
e
ex
tin
c
tio
n
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles.
I
n
(
6
)
p
r
o
v
ed
th
r
ee
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
is
m
o
r
e
b
en
e
f
icial
to
th
e
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
th
a
n
t
w
o
la
y
er
s
.
T
h
is
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
d
etail
s
w
it
h
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
Sp
ec
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f
icall
y
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T
L
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u
c
tu
r
e
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h
o
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n
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u
tp
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t t
h
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th
e
D
L
d
o
es
at
all
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h
is
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ases
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u
s
p
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o
u
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t
h
e
b
en
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f
i
ts
t
h
at
T
L
b
r
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g
s
to
t
h
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m
in
o
u
s
f
l
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t
h
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g
h
it
h
as
th
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b
est
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u
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I
n
o
t
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d
s
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T
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m
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o
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s
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h
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n
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n
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ee
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u
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ap
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r
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iate
a
m
o
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t
to
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h
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e
th
e
h
i
g
h
es
t
p
o
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an
s
m
is
s
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w
h
ic
h
ca
n
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e
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r
o
v
en
b
y
th
e
L
a
m
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
la
w
in
(
7
)
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
is
th
e
co
m
p
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is
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atic
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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RE
F
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NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
P
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Im
a
g
e
re
sto
ra
ti
o
n
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n
d
c
o
lo
r
f
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sio
n
o
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ig
it
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l
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icro
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o
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e
s,"
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p
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p
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l.
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p
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2
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9
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[2
]
O.
Ku
n
ied
a
a
n
d
K.
M
a
tsu
sh
im
a
,
"
Hig
h
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ted
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m
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ra
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s,"
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p
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e
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Op
ti
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v
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l
.
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p
.
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1
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[3
]
Q.
Za
m
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n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Tw
o
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su
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so
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c
les
,
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ti
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s
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
pp.
3
2
0
0
-
3
2
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
D.
Du
rm
u
s
a
n
d
W
.
Da
v
is,
"
Blu
r
p
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n
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d
v
isu
a
l
c
larity
in
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ti
c
s
Exp
re
ss
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v
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l.
2
7
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p
p
.
A
2
1
6
-
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2
2
3
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0
1
9
.
[5
]
R.
Hira
y
a
m
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
r
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jec
ti
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o
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le
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n
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l
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stru
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tu
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ti
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su
rf
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s E
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ss
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v
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2
7
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
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.
[6
]
T
.
Z.
W
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
n
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l
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s
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s
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f
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p
lan
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ro
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g
h
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in
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s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
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2
6
,
p
p
.
4
1
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.
[7
]
Y.
L
.
P
iao
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Ch
ro
m
a
ti
c
-
d
isp
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n
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c
o
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ted
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ll
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c
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ra
p
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is
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u
sin
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d
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ti
o
n
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m
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g
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sc
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li
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m
e
th
o
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,
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Ap
p
l.
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t.
,
v
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l.
5
8
,
p
p
.
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1
2
0
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7
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0
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.
[8
]
P
.
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u
,
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t
a
l.
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
c
irca
d
ian
w
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li
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h
t
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m
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ti
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d
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d
e
s
w
it
h
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n
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lo
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tu
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,
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Co
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m,
v
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2
,
p
p
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2
4
1
3
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4
2
7
,
2
0
1
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.
[9
]
D.
L
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
il
ico
n
so
lar
c
e
ll
s
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ff
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n
h
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in
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sin
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sp
in
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”
CL
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0
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0
]
T
.
L
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e
t
a
l.
,
“
Eff
ici
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t
X
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y
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rt
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w
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s
Exp
re
ss
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l.
2
7
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
4
0
-
1
3
2
5
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
Q.
T
.
F
o
u
li
a
rd
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
f
o
r
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
th
e
rm
o
m
e
tr
y
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
d
o
p
e
d
th
e
rm
a
l
b
a
rrie
r
c
o
a
ti
n
g
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s,”
Ap
p
li
e
d
Op
ti
c
s,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
Z.
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
u
n
a
b
le
p
h
o
to
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
in
Ba
1
-
x
Sr
x
Si
3
O4
N
2
:
E
u
2+
/
Ce
3+
,
L
i
+
so
li
d
so
l
u
ti
o
n
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs
in
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
li
n
e
a
r
stru
c
tu
ra
l
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
1
9
2
2
-
1
9
3
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
A
.
K.
Du
b
e
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
a
se
r
-
li
n
e
-
d
riv
e
n
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
c
o
n
v
e
rted
e
x
ten
d
e
d
w
h
it
e
li
g
h
t
so
u
rc
e
w
it
h
u
n
if
o
r
m
il
lu
m
in
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
Op
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
p
p
.
2
4
0
2
-
2
4
0
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
G
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
p
e
c
tral
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
c
o
lo
r
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
tu
n
a
b
le
w
h
it
e
L
EDs
w
it
h
re
d
LE
Ds
in
ste
a
d
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
o
r
a
n
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
t
IES
c
o
l
o
r
f
id
e
li
ty
in
d
e
x
,
”
OSA
Co
n
ti
n
u
u
m
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
6
-
1
0
6
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
B.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Eu
3+
d
o
p
e
d
h
ig
h
-
b
rig
h
t
n
e
ss
f
lu
o
ro
p
h
o
sp
h
a
te
l
a
se
r
-
d
riv
e
n
g
la
ss
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs,”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
9
-
1
7
6
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
F
.
S
teu
d
e
l,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
ix
e
late
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
rs
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
re
so
l
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
c
o
n
tras
t
w
h
it
e
li
g
h
t
so
u
rc
e
s:
e
r
ra
tu
m
,
”
Op
ti
c
s
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
p
p
.
9
0
9
7
-
9
0
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
B.
F
o
n
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
ti
n
-
d
o
p
e
d
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
(S
r,
M
g
)
3
(
P
O
4
)
2
:S
n
2+
f
o
r
f
lu
id
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
l
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
8
0
2
-
8
1
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
8
]
H.
Yu
c
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
b
a
se
d
w
h
it
e
L
ED
b
y
v
a
rio
u
s
g
las
s
y
p
a
r
ti
c
les
:
c
o
n
tro
l
o
v
e
r
lu
m
in
o
u
s
e
f
f
i
c
ien
c
y
,
”
Op
ti
c
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
p
p
.
4
7
9
-
4
8
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
W
.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
R
e
d
p
h
o
t
o
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
t
Eu
3+
-
d
o
p
e
d
Y
2
O
3
n
a
n
o
s
p
h
e
re
s f
o
r
L
ED
-
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s: S
y
n
th
e
sis
a
n
d
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
riza
ti
o
n
,
”
O
p
ti
c
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
p
p
.
3
4
8
2
0
-
3
4
8
2
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
T
.
W
e
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
in
g
le
P
r
3
+
-
a
c
ti
v
a
ted
h
ig
h
-
c
o
l
o
r
-
sta
b
il
it
y
f
lu
o
rid
e
w
h
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
f
o
r
w
h
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
2
2
3
-
2
3
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
A
.
D
w
iv
e
d
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
n
o
c
h
ro
m
a
ti
c
NIR
UC
e
m
issio
n
in
Tm
3+
/Yb
3+
co
-
d
o
p
e
d
G
d
V
O
4
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r:
t
h
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
th
e
Bi
3+
io
n
c
o
n
c
e
n
tratio
n
a
n
d
p
u
m
p
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
a
d
io
d
e
las
e
r,
”
Op
ti
c
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
p
p
.
5
7
8
5
-
5
7
8
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
J.
S
.
L
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hig
h
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
s
o
li
d
–
li
q
u
i
d
h
y
b
rid
-
sta
te
q
u
a
n
tu
m
d
o
t
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s,”
P
h
o
to
n
ics
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
7
-
1
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
3
]
A
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
u
n
a
b
le
w
h
it
e
li
g
h
t
e
m
issio
n
o
f
a
larg
e
a
r
e
a
f
il
m
-
f
o
r
m
in
g
m
a
c
ro
m
o
lec
u
lar
c
o
m
p
lex
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
c
o
lo
r
re
n
d
e
ri
n
g
i
n
d
e
x
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
3
6
3
5
-
3
6
5
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
4
]
B.
L
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hig
h
-
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
c
u
b
ic
-
p
h
a
se
d
b
lu
e
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
Ba
3
Lu
2
B
6
O
15
:Ce
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
rs
f
o
r
u
lt
ra
v
io
let
-
e
x
c
it
e
d
w
h
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,”
Op
ti
c
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
p
p
.
5
1
3
8
-
5
1
4
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ico
lo
r
u
p
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
f
ro
m
Yb
3+
–
Mn
2+
c
o
d
o
p
e
d
f
lu
o
r
o
sili
c
a
te
g
la
ss
e
s
a
n
d
tran
sp
a
re
n
t
g
las
s c
e
ra
m
ics
,
”
Op
ti
c
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
p
p
.
5
0
1
3
-
5
0
1
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
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