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e
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F
re
q
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M
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m
(W
a
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sy
ste
m
).
T
h
e
si
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
sy
ste
m
is
in
it
ialize
d
w
it
h
B
P
S
K
t
h
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n
w
it
h
QA
M
a
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-
QA
M
th
e
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ste
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is
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p
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d
b
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c
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a
sin
g
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b
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Disc
re
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W
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T
r
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o
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to
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a
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y
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w
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o
rig
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a
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s
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m
to
p
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a
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t
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it
is c
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n
v
e
n
ien
t
f
o
r
5
G
W
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ss
n
e
t
w
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rk
s.
K
ey
w
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r
d
s
:
DW
T
Mo
b
ile
C
o
m
m
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icatio
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Nex
t G
e
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W
OFDM
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h
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©
2
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In
stit
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te o
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A
d
v
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d
E
n
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e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
M.
F.
Gh
an
i
m
,
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
Dep
ar
t
m
en
,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
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ee
r
in
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
Mo
s
u
l,
Mo
s
u
l,
I
r
aq
.
E
m
ail:
d
r
.
m
a
y
ad
af
ar
is
@
g
m
ail
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
m
u
ltip
le
x
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
(
O
FD
M)
is
tr
an
s
m
itt
in
g
d
ata
in
p
ar
allel
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltip
le
ca
r
r
ier
s
u
s
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
s
.
T
h
ese
ca
r
r
ier
s
a
r
e
Fo
u
r
ier
co
m
p
lex
ex
p
o
n
en
t
ials
i
n
clas
s
ic
OFD
M,
in
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
t
h
e
y
ar
e
Fas
t
Fo
u
r
ier
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
FF
T
)
an
d
I
n
v
er
s
e
Fa
s
t
Fo
u
r
ier
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
I
FF
T
)
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ap
s
y
m
b
o
ls
to
p
lu
r
alit
y
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
[
1
]
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
a
n
y
s
et
o
f
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
a
n
d
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
ca
r
r
i
er
s
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
c
h
a
s
w
a
v
elet.
W
av
e
let
OFDM
(
W
OFDM)
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
d
is
c
r
ete
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
DW
T
)
as
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
W
OFDM
tr
an
s
m
it
s
s
y
m
b
o
ls
i
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
av
ele
t
s
p
ec
tr
a.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
s
tr
etc
h
i
n
g
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
ed
w
a
v
el
et
[
2
,
3
]
.
2.
O
RT
H
O
G
O
NA
L
F
RE
Q
U
E
NCY
DIV
I
SI
O
N
M
UL
T
I
P
L
E
XIN
G
OFDM
h
as
v
er
y
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
s
w
h
i
ch
ca
r
r
y
d
ata
o
n
p
ar
allel
d
a
ta
s
tr
ea
m
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
ea
c
h
o
f
th
e
s
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
is
m
o
d
u
lated
w
it
h
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
c
h
as
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
i
n
g
o
r
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
[
4
,
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
s
u
b
c
ar
r
ier
s
(
o
r
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
s
)
i
n
OFDM
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
e
n
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
d
ea
l
w
i
th
th
e
s
tr
ict
ca
s
e
s
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
lik
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th
e
atte
n
u
at
io
n
,
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
e
lecti
v
e
f
ad
in
g
i
n
m
u
ltip
at
h
w
it
h
o
u
t c
o
m
p
lex
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
f
ilter
s
[
4
,
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
i
n
OFD
M
is
t
o
o
b
tain
m
ax
i
m
u
m
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
ese
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
to
o
n
e
a
n
o
th
er
b
u
t
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
ad
j
ac
en
t c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
ca
n
i
n
ter
f
er
e
w
it
h
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
[
4
,
7
]
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt
,
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
av
e
t
h
e
ab
ili
t
y
to
o
v
er
lap
w
it
h
o
u
t
in
ter
f
er
i
n
g
a
n
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
R
e
f
er
en
ce
[
4
]
p
r
o
v
es t
h
at
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
o
f
ea
ch
ad
j
ac
en
t
ch
a
n
n
el.
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
in
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
clea
r
at
th
e
p
ea
k
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
; a
ll th
e
o
th
er
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
a
v
e
ze
r
o
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
3
1
5
3
-
3158
3154
3.
DIS
CR
E
T
E
WA
VE
L
E
T
T
R
ANSF
O
RM
W
av
elet
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
,
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
n
u
m
er
ical
a
n
al
y
s
is
an
d
m
a
n
y
o
th
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
m
e
d
ical
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
an
d
r
eso
lu
tio
n
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
[
8
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
w
av
elet
p
r
o
v
es
th
at
i
t
is
a
g
o
o
d
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
5
G
ce
llu
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
f
it
i
s
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
r
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
es
i
n
t
h
e
las
t
f
e
w
y
e
ar
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ess
e
n
ce
o
f
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
i
s
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
in
g
a
s
i
g
n
al
in
to
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
o
r
s
u
b
s
ig
n
al
s
o
r
s
m
a
ll
w
av
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
ca
lled
w
a
v
elet
s
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
s
i
g
n
a
ls
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
s
s
ig
n
al
o
r
r
ep
r
esen
t
in
g
t
h
e
r
e
m
i
n
d
er
[
1
2
]
.
Sh
o
r
t
-
ti
m
e
F
o
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
a
s
lid
i
n
g
f
i
x
ed
s
ize
w
i
n
d
o
w
w
h
i
le,
w
a
v
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
ep
en
d
s
a
v
ar
iab
le
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
ize
i
n
a
n
al
y
zi
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
er
e
is
a
s
et
o
f
te
m
p
late
f
u
n
c
tio
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s
an
d
t
h
e
s
i
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al
w
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l
b
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co
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p
ar
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w
ith
th
e
s
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f
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ct
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s
in
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er
to
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h
e
s
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m
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it
y
.
T
e
m
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f
u
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s
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en
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ated
f
r
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ca
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n
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s
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f
t o
f
t
h
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b
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e
w
a
v
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(
t)
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
[
1
3
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.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
av
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
[
1
3
]
A
p
p
l
y
in
g
i
n
n
er
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
th
e
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
o
f
x
(
t)
w
i
ll b
e:
(
,
)
=
<
,
,
>
=
1
√
∫
(
)
∗
(
−
)
∞
−
∞
(
1
)
S
is
t
h
e
s
ca
li
n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
an
d
its
v
al
u
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
a
n
ze
r
o
;
th
i
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
s
etti
n
g
t
h
e
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
o
f
ti
m
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
((t
-
τ
)
/
s
)
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
s
ca
led
b
ase
w
a
v
elet
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
p
o
in
ts
w
il
l h
elp
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
e
eq
u
a
tio
n
o
f
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
:
-
s
is
i
n
v
er
s
e
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
-
τ
is
t
h
e
s
h
if
tin
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
-
*
(
.
)
is
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
co
n
j
u
g
at
io
n
o
f
(
t)
.
4.
F
F
T
B
ASE
D
O
F
DM
SYST
E
M
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
u
all
y
u
s
ed
in
w
ir
ed
an
d
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
o
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
d
is
cu
s
s
an
d
clar
if
y
all
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
its
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
er
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
b
lo
c
k
in
OFDM
tr
an
s
m
itter
i
s
I
FF
T
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Firstl
y
,
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
w
i
ll
b
e
m
o
d
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
y
s
u
itab
le
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
th
e
n
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
s
er
ial
to
p
ar
allel
co
n
v
er
ter
[
1
5
]
.
A
f
ter
th
a
t I
FF
T
is
ap
p
lied
an
d
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
(
t)
w
ill
(
)
=
∑
0
,
2
−
1
=
0
(
2
)
Sa
m
p
li
n
g
s
(
t)
at
t=
m
T
B
/N
[
1
6
]
,
(
)
=
∑
0
,
2
/
−
1
=
0
(
3
)
(
)
=
(
)
|
=
=
∑
0
,
2
−
1
=
0
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
in
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f
WOFD
M fo
r
5
G
w
i
r
eles
s
n
etw
o
r
ks
(
M.
F
.
Gh
a
n
im
)
3155
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
FF
T
b
ased
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
d
iag
r
a
m
T
h
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
y
(
m
)
is
th
e
I
FF
T
o
f
th
e
d
ata
v
ec
to
r
d
i,k
.
Fi
n
al
l
y
,
y
(
m
)
i
s
p
as
s
ed
to
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
id
e,
r
ev
er
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
b
in
ar
y
d
ata
o
r
ig
in
all
y
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
d
0
,
k
as i
n
th
e
(
5
)
[
1
6
]
.
0
,
=
∑
(
)
−
2
/
−
1
=
0
,
=
0
,
1
,
…
,
−
1
(
5
)
5.
WAVE
L
E
T
B
AS
E
D
O
F
DM
SYST
E
M
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
b
ef
o
r
e,
FF
T
b
ased
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
d
iv
id
es
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
n
to
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
an
d
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
b
u
t
in
w
a
v
elet
b
ased
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
i
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t;
t
h
e
d
ata
i
s
tr
a
n
s
m
itt
ed
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
m
u
l
tip
lex
i
n
g
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tals
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
w
ill
h
a
v
e
its
o
w
n
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
eso
lu
tio
n
[
1
7
]
an
d
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
d
ep
en
d
o
n
f
il
ter
b
an
k
i
n
s
tead
o
f
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
w
a
v
elet
b
ase
d
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
tter
s
id
e,
t
h
e
d
ata
i
s
m
o
d
u
l
ated
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
ted
to
p
ar
allel
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ap
p
ly
I
n
v
er
s
e
d
is
cr
ete
w
av
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
s
tead
o
f
I
FF
T
[
1
9
]
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
r
o
m
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
to
d
is
cr
ete
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
b
lo
c
k
th
e
n
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
is
d
em
o
d
u
lated
to
g
et
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
i
th
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
er
r
o
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
n
o
is
e
an
d
atten
u
atio
n
o
v
er
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
W
av
elet
-
O
FDM
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
iag
r
a
m
Un
d
o
u
b
ted
l
y
,
t
h
e
d
ata
r
ate
i
n
W
OFDM
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
it
in
F
FT
b
ased
OFDM
[
2
0
]
b
ec
au
s
e
W
OFDM
is
n
o
t
ad
d
in
g
a
c
y
c
lic
p
r
ef
ix
(
C
P
)
to
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
b
ef
o
r
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
tin
g
o
v
er
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l
[
2
1
]
w
h
ile
OFD
M
e
m
p
lo
y
s
C
P
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
p
ar
titi
o
n
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
cy
clic
p
r
ef
i
x
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
in
ti
m
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
[
2
3
]
.
A
ls
o
,
W
OFDM
h
as
t
h
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
lo
w
er
P
A
P
R
(
p
ea
k
to
av
er
ag
e
p
o
w
er
r
atio
)
[
2
4
]
an
d
lo
w
er
b
it e
r
r
o
r
r
ate
th
an
it i
n
OFD
M
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
5
]
.
6.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE E
S
T
I
M
AT
I
O
N
O
F
WAV
E
L
E
T
B
AS
E
D
O
F
DM
SYST
E
M
B
ef
o
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
W
O
FDM
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
it
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
i
llu
s
tr
ate
th
e
d
eter
m
in
a
n
ts
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
in
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
I
n
itial
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
as
B
P
SK
b
u
t
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
w
er
e
n
o
t
co
n
v
in
ci
n
g
e
n
o
u
g
h
to
ad
o
p
t
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
th
i
s
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
6
4
-
Q
A
M
(
i.e
.
6
b
its
p
er
ca
r
r
ier
)
is
u
s
ed
;
th
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
W
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
a
s
w
ill
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
later
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
u
s
ed
w
av
ele
t
f
i
lter
is
D
m
e
y
w
it
h
B
P
SK
an
d
Haa
r
w
it
h
6
4
¬
QA
M
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
is
f
ilter
i
s
n
o
t
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
an
d
n
o
t
d
if
f
er
en
tiab
le.
I
n
t
h
is
w
a
y
,
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
s
ig
n
al
s
w
it
h
s
u
d
d
en
tr
a
n
s
i
tio
n
s
w
il
l b
e
b
etter
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
T
ab
le
1
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
9
:
3
1
5
3
-
3158
3156
T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
D
a
t
a
L
e
n
g
t
h
2
5
6
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
su
b
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
2
5
6
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
B
P
S
K
a
n
d
6
4
Q
A
M
R
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
n
t
i
me
s
3
0
0
0
0
T
h
e
u
se
d
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
H
a
a
r
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
b
it e
r
r
o
r
r
a
te
o
f
W
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
en
B
P
SK is th
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
th
e
B
E
R
is
h
i
g
h
b
u
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
tab
l
e.
A
t
t
h
is
p
o
in
t,
it
is
b
etter
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
lev
e
l
o
f
er
r
o
r
.
Fo
r
b
etter
r
esu
lt
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
tr
y
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
eth
o
d
i
s
to
u
s
e
Haa
r
f
il
ter
w
i
th
6
4
-
Q
A
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e,
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
er
r
o
r
lev
el
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
E
R
o
f
o
n
e
lev
el
W
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
B
P
SK m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
Fig
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S
[1
]
B.
Na
rsi
m
h
a
,
K.
A
.
Re
d
d
y
,
"
M
u
lt
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in
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lar S
p
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n
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r
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ra
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v
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n
In
tell
ig
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.
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]
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.
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.
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ld
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[3
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[4
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ter
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l
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I
NCEM
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0
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5
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pp.
2
1
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1
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2
0
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5
.
[5
]
S
.
Ba
ig
,
H.
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
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9
0
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9
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.
[6
]
M
.
Ch
a
f
ii
,
J.
P
a
li
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o
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e
t
a
l
.
,
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p
p
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2
9
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7
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2
0
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.
[7
]
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m
h
a
,
K.
A
.
Re
d
d
y
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u
lt
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n
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r
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l
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m
a
ti
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o
f
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ra
n
sc
e
iv
e
r
S
y
st
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m
,"
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E
Rec
e
n
t
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s i
n
In
tell
ig
e
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t
Co
m
p
u
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ti
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l
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0
1
8
,
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p
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8
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2
0
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8
.
[8
]
A
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
,
T
.
G
u
lati,
"
Ch
a
n
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tec
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f
ro
m
Re
m
o
tel
y
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e
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d
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se
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tatio
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let
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ra
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ter
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o
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rn
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f
E
lec
trica
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n
d
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o
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ter
En
g
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g
(
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)
,
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o
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6
,
p
p
.
3
3
9
5
-
3
4
0
1
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2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
S
.
Ba
ig
,
M
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Du
a
l
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Ne
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p
.
3
1
3
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1
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2
0
1
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.
[1
0
]
Y.
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e
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jah
d
ik
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L
o
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e
t,
"
Im
p
a
c
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h
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n
n
e
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n
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w
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v
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o
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s
f
o
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5
G
M
a
c
h
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Ty
p
e
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m
m
u
n
ica
ti
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n
s,
"
15
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
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n
ica
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n
S
y
ste
ms
,
IS
W
CS
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
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5
,
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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8708
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3158
3158
[1
1
]
J.
L
e
e
,
H.
Ry
u
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
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re
te
Wav
e
let
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
Ba
se
d
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(DWT
-
O
F
DM)
S
y
ste
m
,
"
T
e
n
th
I
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ter
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ti
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l
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e
o
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p
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0
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[1
2
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J.
L
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n
d
H.
Ry
u
,
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p
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ter
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o
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p
p
.
9
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6
0
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2
0
1
7
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3
]
R.
X
.
G
a
o
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n
d
R.
Ya
n
,
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W
a
v
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lets
:
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h
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ry
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p
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tu
rin
g
,
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p
rin
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sc
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sin
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me
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ia
,
p
p
.
2
6
-
3
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
4
]
P
.
M
a
n
h
a
sa
,
M
.
K.
S
o
n
i
b
,
"
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rm
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S
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a
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a
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o
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,
"
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ll
e
ti
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e
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trica
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f
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5
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Y.
G
u
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tran
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6
]
M
.
Ka
v
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ra
d
,
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Ch
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,
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ss
:
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p
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ti
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s,
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h
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p
p
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1
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4
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2
0
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6
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7
]
A
.
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h
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it
h
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to
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m
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t
a
l
.
,
"
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let
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3
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n
ter
n
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0
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n
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p
p
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2
2
5
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9
,
2
0
1
3
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8
]
Y.
Be
n
-
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1
,
D.
Bro
d
e
sk
i1
,
"
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h
S
p
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tral
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ff
icie
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se
d
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Co
m
p
lex
W
a
v
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let
P
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c
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”
16
th
I
n
ter
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l
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n
fer
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T
ra
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sp
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p
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s,
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CT
ON 2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
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3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
M
.
Ch
a
f
ii
,
Y.
J.
Ha
rb
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
W
a
v
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let
-
OFDM
v
s.
OFDM
:
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
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p
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n
,
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23
rd
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
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n
s,
ICT
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
O.
R.
Da
o
u
d
,
"
M
u
lt
i
b
a
n
d
Ort
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
W
a
v
e
let
Div
isio
n
M
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
:
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m
p
lex
it
y
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
P
e
a
k
s
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h
a
n
c
e
m
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n
t,
"
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E
Co
n
su
me
r E
lec
tro
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ics
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a
g
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zin
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,
v
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l
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o
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2
,
p
p
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0
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9
.
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1
]
J.
Olk
k
o
n
e
n
,
Disc
re
te W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
sfo
rm
s
–
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h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
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ti
o
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a
ti
a
,
2
0
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1
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p
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5
1
.
[2
2
]
F
.
A
.
P
in
to
–
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n
e
l,
M
.
Blan
c
o
–
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e
las
c
o
,
"
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h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
A
n
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l
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sis
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f
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v
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m
m
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ss
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v
o
l.
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p
p
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1
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7
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7
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7
3
6
,
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.
[2
3
]
S
.
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r,
S
.
Hu
ss
a
in
a
n
d
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.
F
e
rn
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d
o
,
"
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a
v
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let
b
a
se
d
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f
o
r
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o
w
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r
li
n
e
Co
m
m
u
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ica
ti
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n
,
"
IEE
E
2
7
th
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n
a
d
i
a
n
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
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e
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
ter
e
n
g
in
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e
rin
g
,
CCECE
2
0
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4
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
4
]
O.
Da
o
u
d
,
Q.
Ha
m
a
rsh
e
h
,
"
Ort
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
W
a
v
e
let
Div
isio
n
M
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
-
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
S
tu
d
y
,
"
15
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
i
-
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
S
ig
n
a
ls &
De
v
ice
s
(
S
S
D)
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
G
.
G
.
Ra
th
o
d
,
V
.
S
.
Ub
a
le,
"
D
WT
-
ID
WT
Ba
se
d
Ba
rc
o
d
e
M
o
d
u
la
ti
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
V
e
rif
ica
ti
o
n
,
"
3
rd
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
fo
r C
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
in
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
I
2
CT
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
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