Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
3
,
June
2020
,
pp.
2912
~
2917
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
3
.
pp2912
-
29
17
2912
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
A SIMS
CAPE b
ased desi
gn of
a du
al maxi
mu
m power poin
t
track
er
of
a stan
d
-
alone
ph
otovo
l
taic syst
em
Moham
med
S
. I
bbini
,
A
bdu
ll
ah
H.
A
da
w
i
Depa
rt
m
ent
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering,
Jordan
Uni
ver
sit
y
of
Sci
ence
and
T
ec
hnolog
y
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n 1
9
, 2
019
Re
vised
Jan
7
,
2020
Accepte
d
Ja
n 1
6
, 2
020
Thi
s
pape
r
pre
s
ent
s
the
sim
ula
tion
of
a
dual
m
axi
m
um
po
wer
p
oint
tracke
r
(
dual
-
MP
PT)
an
d
at
te
m
pt
to
get
the
g
loba
l
m
axi
m
um
power
point
GMPP
under
par
tial
shadin
g
condi
ti
ons
for
a
solar
photovol
t
ai
c
m
odul
e
using
MA
TL
AB
SIM
SC
A
PE.
Tra
di
ti
on
al
sin
gle
MP
P
tra
ck
ers
are
le
ss
eff
icient
tha
n
d
ual
MP
P
tra
ckers
and
have
gr
ea
t
er
sensiti
v
ity
to
par
t
ial
shading.
B
y
usi
ng
dual
MP
P
tr
ac
ker
s,
one
ca
n
get
seve
ral
featu
res
such
as
the
poss
ibi
li
t
y
of
conne
ct
ing
two
arr
a
y
s with
different
string
size
s or
diffe
ren
t
solar
az
imuths
or
ti
lt
s
withi
n
hig
h
eff
ic
i
ency
.
This
pape
r
foc
uses
on
m
aki
ng
the
pho
tovol
t
ai
c
s
y
st
em
work
at
m
axi
m
um
poss
ibl
e
power
un
der
par
tia
l
shading
cond
it
io
n
b
y
using
du
al
MP
P
tra
cke
rs
t
o
ac
h
ie
ve
th
e
c
onver
gence
towar
d
th
e
g
lobal
m
axi
m
um
power
poin
t
GM
PP
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Du
al
MP
PT
GMPPT/LM
P
PT
MATLAB/S
I
MSC
AP
E
MATLAB/S
I
MULI
NK
Photo
vo
lt
ai
c
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f
Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Moh
am
m
ed
Salam
eh
Ibbini,
Dep
a
rtem
ent o
f
Ele
ct
rical
E
nginee
rin
g,
Jo
r
da
n Un
i
ver
s
it
y of
Scie
nce
and Tec
hnolog
y,
P.O.Bo
x 303
0, Irbid
2211
0,
Jorda
n.
Em
a
il
:
m
oh
ib@just.e
du.jo
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
MPPT
sta
nds
for
Ma
xim
u
m
Power
P
oin
t
T
rack
e
r.
It
sho
ul
d
be
em
ph
asi
zed
that
the
MPPT
is
no
t
m
echan
ic
al
bu
t
an
el
ect
roni
c
dev
ic
e
t
hat
forces
the
s
yst
e
m
to
wo
r
k
at
it
s
m
axi
m
u
m
po
ssible
powe
r.
The
el
ect
ric
powe
r
sup
plied
by
the
phot
ovoltai
c
pan
el
s
is
lim
it
ed
and
is
aff
ect
ed
by
tem
per
at
ure
an
d
so
la
r
rad
ia
ti
on
rate.
Since
the
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
the
phot
ovoltai
c
pa
nels
is
ver
y
low,
m
any
te
chn
iqu
es
ca
n
be
use
d
to
increase
the
a
m
ou
nt
of
ene
r
gy
that
can
be
dr
a
wn
from
su
nlig
ht.
S
olar
syst
e
m
wo
r
ker
s
,
desi
gn
e
r
s,
an
d
custom
ers,
all
ben
e
fit f
ro
m
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
of
Du
al
MP
PT
[
1
-
3].
Power
co
nvert
ers
that
work
without
the
MPPT
ci
rcu
it
wi
ll
resu
lt
in
op
e
rati
ng
belo
w
their
re
qu
i
red
powe
r
le
vel
or
in
non
-
opti
m
a
l
op
e
rati
ng
c
onditi
on
s
.
The
M
PPT
ci
rcu
it
pe
r
m
anen
tl
y
m
on
it
or
s
t
he
P
V
m
o
du
le
s
current
a
nd
v
ol
ta
ge,
an
d
the
n
dr
i
ve
the
syst
em
to
op
erate
on
it
s
m
axi
m
u
m
power
p
oi
nt
and
h
ence
,
res
ul
ti
ng
in
the
hi
gh
est
e
xt
racted
e
nergy
[
4
-
6].
P
ower
c
onve
rters w
it
h
dual
-
MPP
T
al
lo
w
c
on
si
der
a
ble
cost
sa
vings,
hi
gh
e
r
syst
e
m
design
flexibili
ty
,
an
d
gr
eat
er
e
xtra
ct
ed
po
wer
.
O
ne
of
t
he
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
fe
at
ur
es
of
us
i
ng
du
al
MPPT
is
the
possibil
it
y
of
co
nn
ect
in
g
tw
o
a
rr
ay
s
with
different
strin
g
siz
es
(Voc),
dif
fe
ren
t
so
la
r
azim
uth
s
or
ti
lt
s o
r
diff
ere
nt
PV
m
od
ule ty
pes
withi
n
high ef
fici
en
cy
and w
i
th
ou
t any te
chn
ic
al
proble
m
s.
Con
necti
ng tw
o
arr
ay
s
of
PV
pan
el
s
are
fixe
d
at
diff
e
ren
t
ti
lt
ang
le
s
and
/
or
lo
ng
it
ud
i
nal,
diff
e
re
nt
arr
a
y
siz
es
or
different
m
od
ule
ty
pes
require
tw
o
sing
le
MPPT
powe
r
co
nv
e
rte
rs
so
us
i
ng
a
du
al
MPPT
w
il
l
red
uce
cost
s
and
fac
il
it
at
e the desi
gn pro
ce
ss
[
7].
Eve
n
wh
e
n
the
arr
ay
s
are
in
one
directi
on,
th
e
us
e
of
the
du
al
MPPT
po
we
r
conve
rter
is
con
si
der
e
d
m
or
e
reli
able.
If
one
of
the
t
wo
ar
rays
s
ubje
ct
ed
to
pa
rtia
l
sh
a
ding
or
e
xpose
d
to
a
m
alf
unct
io
n,
t
he
s
econd
input
will
rem
ai
n
at
the
sam
e
eff
ic
ie
ncy
a
nd w
il
l
no
t be
a
ff
e
ct
ed
by
t
he
othe
r
c
hannel. D
i
vid
in
g
t
he
P
V
pan
el
s
into
tw
o
ar
rays
on
a
dual
MPPT
po
wer
c
onve
rter
will
increase
the
ef
fi
ci
ency
of
the
s
yst
e
m
becau
se
in
case
on
e
ar
ray is
da
m
aged
, t
he
am
ount
of outp
ut
powe
r of
t
he
oth
er
ar
ray at
the
seco
nd MPP
T
will
n
ot a
ff
e
ct
[8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A SIM
SCAPE
ba
s
ed
d
esi
gn of
a
dual
ma
xi
m
um power
poin
t t
ra
cker
… (
M
ohamme
d S.
I
bbini)
2913
Dep
e
ndin
g
on
the
natio
nal
el
ect
ric
co
de,
c
om
bin
er
fuse
in
each
st
rin
g
s
houl
d
be
us
ed
in
case
m
or
e
than
tw
o
P
V
s
tring
s
c
onnect
ed
to
a
sin
gle
input
of
a
n
in
ve
rter.
T
his
is
as
long
as
the
s
tring
wirin
g
is
si
zed
pro
per
ly
an
d
there
are
no
othe
r
c
urren
t
sour
ces
that
ca
n
ba
ck
feed
into
th
e
strin
gs
.
I
n
t
he
case
of
us
i
ng
a
dua
l
MPPT
inv
e
rter,
f
our
arr
ay
s
can
be
co
nnec
te
d
with
it
wi
thout
any
extern
al
com
bin
in
g
hard
war
e
[
9
-
10]
.
This
pa
per
is
orga
nized
a
s
f
ollows;
Se
ct
io
n
2
e
xpla
ins
t
he
c
oncept
of
pa
rtia
l
sh
a
ding
al
s
o
pro
vid
e
s
an
d
il
lustrate
s
the
con
ce
pt
of
MPP
T
and
D
ual
MPPT
an
d
finall
y,
an
i
m
pr
ov
e
d
P&O
te
ch
niqu
e
was
us
ed
to
a
ccess
the
GMPP
un
de
r
par
ti
al
sh
a
din
g.
Sect
ion
3
de
scribes
the
P
V
m
od
ule
us
in
g
SI
MSC
AP
E
.
Fina
ll
y,
in
Sect
ion
4,
so
m
e con
cl
us
i
on
s
a
nd sug
ges
ti
on
s
will
b
e
offer
e
d.
2.
METHOL
O
D
OGIES
The
ene
r
gy
ex
tract
ed
from
ph
ot
ovoltai
c
pa
nels
de
pends
on
dif
fer
e
nt
fact
or
s
s
uc
h
as
te
m
per
at
ur
e,
irrad
ia
nce,
a
nd
eff
ic
ie
ncy.
M
or
e
over,
phot
ovoltai
c
pa
nels
are
al
so
li
m
i
ted
by
the
physi
cal
structu
re
of
their
photov
oltai
c
cel
ls.
Howe
ver
,
the
eff
ic
ie
ncy
of
pho
t
ovoltai
c
pan
el
s
is
very
low.
Diff
e
re
nt
te
chn
i
ques
can
be
us
e
d
to
increa
s
e
the
photov
oltai
c
pan
el
'
s
extracte
d
powe
r.
A
n
intuit
ive
s
olut
ion
is
then
to ad
d
m
or
e
PV
panels
bu
t
will
increase
the
sp
ace
r
equ
i
rem
ents
a
nd
i
n
a
huge
i
ncr
ease
i
n
the
total
cost
of
ph
otov
oltai
c
syst
e
m
s.
Howe
ver,
one
can
al
so
at
te
m
pt
to
force
the
existi
ng
photovo
lt
ai
c
pa
ne
ls
to
co
ntinuou
sly
trac
k
it
s
highest
po
s
sible
extrac
te
d
powe
r.
T
o
avo
i
d
the
incre
m
ent
of
the
P
V
surface
a
nd
conseq
ue
ntly
,
t
he
cost,
a
m
axi
m
u
m
powe
r
po
i
nt
tracki
ng
(MP
P
T)
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
us
ed
to
for
ce
the
syst
e
m
wo
r
ks
at
it
s
m
axi
m
u
m
extracte
d
powe
r
[
11, 1
2]
.
SI
MSC
A
PE
is
si
m
i
la
r
to
SI
MULI
NK
i
n
the
sense
of
usi
ng
bl
ock
li
bra
ries
bu
t
in
plus,
us
es
m
or
e
the
ph
ysi
cal
f
eat
ur
es
of
rea
l
dev
ic
es
an
d
hen
ce,
is
m
or
e
s
uitable
f
or
physi
cal
com
po
ne
nts
m
od
el
in
g.
The
no
n
-
direct
ion
al
it
y
of
SIM
SCAPE
el
e
m
ent
po
rts
an
d
their
ph
ysi
cal
featur
e
s
al
low
their
co
nn
ect
io
n
to
be
ver
y
sim
i
la
r
to
the
co
nn
ect
i
on
of
real
c
om
po
ne
nts
.
T
he
refor
e
,
SI
MSC
APE
com
po
ne
nts
can
be
c
onne
ct
ed
as
so
on
as
their
real
counter
pa
rt
is
con
necta
ble.
I
n
SI
MS
CAPE,
al
l
the
pr
oble
m
s
of
flo
w
or
in
for
m
at
ion
are r
e
so
l
ved an
d do not ca
us
e
any d
i
ff
ic
ulty
[13,
14
]
.
The
ba
sic
el
e
m
ent
of
a
P
V
m
odule
is
cal
le
d
a
ph
otov
oltai
c
cel
l.
More
than
on
e
P
V
cel
l
blo
ck
ca
n
be
us
e
d
to
f
or
m
a
PV
m
od
ule b
as
ed
on
se
ries
an
d
pa
rall
el
conn
ect
ion
s
cel
ls. A
s
an
il
lustrati
on,
a
strin
g
of six
PV
cel
ls
con
necte
d
in
series
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
1
w
hich
that
figure
sho
ws
the
irra
diance
to
be
the
only
inp
ut,
the tem
per
at
ure is al
so
bein
g an in
put o
f
t
he c
onfig
ur
a
ble
pa
ram
et
ers
[1
5].
Figure
1
.
6 Sola
r
Ce
ll
s Co
nn
ec
te
d
in
Series
A
so
la
r
cel
l
is
m
od
el
ed
as
a
par
al
le
l
con
necti
on
of
a
cur
re
nt
sourc
e,
resist
ance
Rp
with
two
expo
nen
ti
al
dio
de
s,
al
l c
onne
ct
ed
in
series,
with a
resist
or
Rs. T
he
m
od
el
ou
t
pu
t c
urre
nt
is sim
plifie
d
as
:
=
ℎ
−
[
+
−
1
]
−
+
(1)
Wh
il
e
stu
dyin
g
P
V
syst
em
s,
m
any
factors
sh
oul
d
be
ta
ke
n
in
t
he
acco
unt
especial
ly
in
la
r
ge
P
V
syst
e
m
s,
the
rad
ia
ti
on
is
usua
ll
y
no
n
-
unifo
r
m
and
tem
per
at
ur
e
al
so
is
not
the
sa
m
e
on
the
surface
of
a
ll
PV
pan
el
s
.
Cl
ouds,
high
buil
ding
s
and
e
ven
tree
s
can
cause
pa
r
ti
al
sh
ading
o
n
PV
syst
e
m
s.
The
am
ou
nt
of
outp
ut
powe
r
of
P
V
a
rr
ay
s
is
pro
por
ti
on
al
to
the
ar
ea
of
the
P
V
m
odules
that
are
expose
d
to
the
rad
ia
ti
on
an
d
he
nce,
par
ti
al
sh
a
ding
,
there
f
or
e,
re
duces
the
el
ect
rical
power
that
can
be
dra
wn
f
ro
m
the
PV
syst
e
m
.
Partia
l
sh
adi
ng
causes
an
ar
ea
of
hi
gh
te
m
per
at
ur
e
kn
own
as
“ho
t
spots”
w
hich
can
se
verel
y
da
m
age
the
co
rr
es
pondi
ng
cel
ls.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
29
12
-
2917
2914
In
m
od
er
n
P
V
m
od
ules,
sm
all
el
ect
ro
nic
co
m
po
nen
ts
are
us
e
d
as
a
par
t
of
the
m
odules
and
a
re
cal
le
d
bypass
diodes.
T
hese
diodes
al
lo
w
the
cu
rr
e
nt
of
un
-
s
ha
ded
c
el
ls
to
be
bypas
sed
thr
ough
s
had
e
d
cel
ls,
usual
ly
,
eve
r
y
m
od
ule h
as
tw
o or t
hr
ee
b
y
pa
ss d
i
od
es
[1
6
-
18]
.
The
m
ai
n
ob
j
e
ct
ive
of
em
ploy
ing
MP
PT
is
to
f
orce
the
sy
stem
to
operat
e
at
it
s
m
axi
m
um
extracte
d
powe
r
from
PV
pa
nels
un
der
va
rio
us
e
nv
i
ronm
ental
conditi
ons
[19
,
20
]
.
MPPT
te
chn
iq
ues
di
ff
er
in
the
num
ber
of
sens
or
s
,
cost,
com
plexi
ty
,
e
ff
ect
ive
ness
a
nd
c
orrect
tra
ckin
g
f
or
dif
f
eren
t
irr
adiat
io
n
an
d
tem
per
at
ur
es
.
MPPT
does
no
t
req
ui
re
m
ech
anical
trackin
g
to
po
i
nt
ou
t
t
he
PV
m
odule
or
syst
em
to
t
he
s
un
bu
t
rathe
r
a
n
e
le
ct
ro
nic
s
can
ni
ng
syst
e
m
that
con
t
ro
l
t
he
operati
ng
point
in
s
uch
a
way
that
the
P
V
syst
e
m
works
at
it
s
m
axim
u
m
po
we
r
,
Wh
e
n
e
nvir
onm
ental
conditi
on
s
suc
h
as
te
m
per
at
ur
e
a
nd
irra
diati
on
c
ha
ng
e
,
the
MPPT
m
a
kes
s
ur
e
t
he
P
V
syst
em
op
er
at
es
as
cl
os
e
a
s
possible
to
it
s
m
axi
m
u
m
power
operati
ng
po
i
nt.
It
is
then
de
sired
to
desi
g
n
a
con
tr
oller
th
at
fo
rces
t
he
PV
syst
em
to
op
e
rate
at
it
s
m
axi
m
u
m
extracte
d
powe
r
[
21
-
23]
.
Howe
ver,
w
he
re
one
or
m
or
e
PV
m
od
ules
that
fo
rm
one
arr
ay
are
s
ha
ded,
the
n
m
ulti
ple
local
m
axi
m
a
will
app
ea
r
on
t
he
P
V
c
har
act
e
risti
cs.
T
he
highes
t
one
of
th
os
e
lo
cal
m
axi
m
a
i
s
te
rm
ed
the
gl
ob
al
m
axi
m
u
m
po
wer
po
i
nt.
I
n
the
case
of
par
ti
al
sh
a
ding,
tra
diti
on
al
MPPT
te
ch
niques
fail
to
guaran
te
e
su
ccess
fu
l t
rac
king of th
e GM
PP
[24].
Th
e
Per
tur
b
&
Ob
s
erv
e tec
hniq
ue i
s the
m
os
t widely
u
sed
al
gori
thm
in
sta
nd
-
al
one
P
V
sys
te
m
s.
The
te
ch
nique
co
ns
ist
s
of
m
easur
in
g
the
curre
nt
an
d
volt
age
a
nd
he
nce
,
the
ass
ociat
ed
powe
r
P
1
is
com
pu
te
d.
T
his
is
the
n
fol
lowed
by
a
sm
a
ll
per
tur
ba
ti
on
of
t
he
volt
age,
or
the
a
sso
ci
at
ed
du
ty
cy
cl
e
of
the
DC
-
DC
co
nv
e
rter
an
d
the
c
orres
pondin
g
powe
r
P
2
is
the
n
cal
c
ulate
d.
The
powe
r
p2
is
then
com
par
ed
t
o
p1
an
d
if
t
he
diff
e
r
ence
P
2
-
P
1
is
po
sit
ive
t
he
n
the
per
tu
r
batio
n
is
i
n
the
rig
ht
direct
ion
.
Othe
rw
ise
,
the
per
t
urbati
on
is
re
ver
se
d
and
the
proce
dure
c
on
ti
nues
un
ti
l
the
m
axi
m
u
m
powe
r po
i
nt is
ob
ta
ine
d. Fin
al
ly
, th
e m
axi
m
um
v
oltage V
Mp
p
an
d
c
urren
t
I
Mpp
are d
e
duce
d.
On
e
disad
va
nt
age
of
usi
ng
P
&O
is
it
s
de
viati
on
f
ro
m
the
m
axi
m
u
m
po
w
er
point
w
he
n
atm
os
ph
e
ric
conditi
ons
cha
ng
e
ra
pid
ly
.
A
no
t
her
dra
wb
a
ck
is
it
s
need
fo
r
preci
se
per
t
urbati
on
siz
e
t
o
res
ult
in
dyna
m
ic
al
and
ste
a
dy
-
sta
t
e
op
e
rati
on
pe
r
form
ance
[25].
P&O
te
c
hn
i
que
is
wo
r
ki
ng
ve
ry
well
unde
r
norm
al
con
diti
on
s
.
Howe
ver,
un
de
r
pa
rtia
l
sh
adi
ng
c
onditi
ons,
the
P&
O
te
ch
ni
qu
e
fail
s
to
guara
ntee
the
operati
on
at
the
global
m
axi
m
u
m
power
point
(G
MPP)
a
nd
of
te
n
fall
s
on
a
l
oc
al
m
axi
m
u
m
powe
r
po
i
nt
(
LMPP)
w
hich
te
nds
to
reduce t
he
e
ff
i
ci
ency o
f
the
P
V
syst
em
.
The
im
pr
ove
d
P&O
te
ch
niqu
e
is
an
ev
olu
ti
on
of
P&
O
te
c
hniq
ue,
t
he
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
pro
per
ty
in
this
te
chn
iq
ue
is
s
plit
ti
ng
the
P
-
V
cu
r
ve
into
s
ev
eral
par
ts,
e
ver
y
par
t
ha
s
own
du
ty
cy
cl
e
and
he
nce,
m
akin
g
the
prel
im
inary
scann
i
ng
of
t
he
P
V
syst
em
and
sto
rag
e
th
e
values
of
power
on
the
P
-
V
c
urve
a
nd
th
e
valu
e
s
of
t
he
duty
cy
cl
es
correspo
ndin
g
to
t
hem
[2
6].
Af
te
r
the
scan
ning
pro
ce
ss
finis
hes,
t
he
t
echn
i
qu
e
w
orks
as
conve
ntion
al
P
&O
at
the
highest
rec
orde
d
value
unti
l
it
r
eaches
t
he
global
m
axi
m
u
m
powe
r
po
i
nt,
F
igure
2
sh
ows
the im
prov
e
d P&
O
al
gorithm
f
low ch
art.
Figure
2.
Im
prov
e
d P&
O
al
gorithm
f
low ch
art
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A SIM
SCAPE
ba
s
ed
d
esi
gn of
a
dual
ma
xi
m
um power
poin
t t
ra
cker
… (
M
ohamme
d S.
I
bbini)
2915
Using MA
TL
AB/SIMSC
APE, d
i
vid
in
g
t
he
PV
c
urve ca
n be im
ple
m
ente
d by div
i
ding t
he du
ty
cyc
le
into
the
sam
e
nu
m
ber
of
par
t
s.
The
val
ue
of
the
duty
cy
cl
e
for
the
first
s
m
al
l
par
t
of
th
e
PV
c
urve
is
equ
al
t
o
zero
a
nd
on
e
f
or
t
he
la
st
sm
all
par
t.
T
he
duty
cy
cl
e
values
for
ot
her
pa
rts
can
easi
ly
be
c
a
lc
ulate
d
in
t
he
sam
e
way an
d
t
hey
will
locate
b
et
ween zer
o
a
nd
on
e
[2
7].
3.
SIMULATI
O
NS
,
RES
ULT
S
A
N
D ANAL
YS
IS
As
m
entioned
earli
er,
the
ba
sic
el
e
m
ents
of
a
PV
m
odule
is
cal
le
d
a
PV
cel
l.
I
n
SI
MSC
A
PE
workspace
,
a
PV
cel
l
blo
ck
can
be
us
e
d
to
ex
act
ly
s
i
m
ulate
the
beh
a
vior
of
a
real
PV
cel
l.
More
than
on
e
PV
cel
l
blo
c
k
ca
n
be
c
onnect
ed
ou
t
of
se
r
ie
s
an
d
par
al
l
el
to
f
or
m
a
PV
m
od
ule.
Fig
ur
e
3
il
lustrate
s
the
SI
MSC
APE
blo
c
k
dia
gr
a
m
of
the
PV
s
yst
e
m
with
sing
le
MPPT,
a
nd
he
nce,
Du
al
MPPT
unde
r
pa
rtia
l
sh
a
ding c
on
di
ti
on is il
lustrate
d
in
Fig
ure
4
[
26, 27].
Figure
3
.
A
sin
gle MPPT
P
V sy
stem
SI
MSC
AP
E m
od
el
un
der pa
rtia
l sha
ding c
onditi
on
s
Figure
4
.
A
du
al
MPPT P
V
s
yst
e
m
SI
MSC
AP
E m
od
el
un
der pa
rtia
l sha
ding c
onditi
on
s
The
a
dopte
d
P
V
Ce
ll
sp
eci
ficat
ion
s
a
re
as
show
n
i
n
Ta
ble
1
.
Wh
e
re,
NS
is
num
ber
of
cel
l
s
in
se
ries
,
V
oc
is
Op
en
ci
r
cuit
vo
lt
age,
I
sc
is
Op
en
ci
rcui
t
vo
lt
age,
V
MPP
is
Op
en
ci
rcui
t
vo
lt
age,
I
MPP
is
Curr
ent
at
MPP
,
P
m
ax
is
Ma
xi
mu
m
po
wer
.
T
he
two
syst
e
m
s
a
re
te
ste
d
under
two
rad
ia
ti
on
le
vels
na
m
el
y,
1000
an
d
400
W
/m
2
,
and
sim
u
la
ti
on
resu
lt
s
are
s
hown
in
Fig
ur
e
5
and
6.
I
n
the
s
ing
le
MPPT
ca
se,
the
GMP
P
is
sh
ow
n
to
be
54
W
as
il
lustrate
d
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
H
oweve
r,
the
ca
s
e
of
Du
al
MP
PT
res
ults
in
a
GMPP
of
80
W
as
can
be
s
een
in
Figure
6.
Fig
ure
7
il
lustrate
s
the
c
om
par
ison
s
of
t
he
ope
rati
on
of
t
he
s
ing
le
a
nd
du
al
MPPT
on
t
he
sam
e
tim
e
-
scal
e.
It
i
s
cl
ear
from
the
previ
ous
fi
gures
the
ef
fects
of
us
i
ng
du
al
MPPT
on
the
total
extracte
d
po
s
sib
l
e
powe
r.
By
us
in
g
the
dual M
P
PT c
om
par
ing
to the s
i
ngle
MPPT
, t
he
m
axim
u
m
ex
tract
ed
powe
r was i
nc
rease
d
from
54
W
to
80
W
un
der
th
e
sam
e
con
diti
on.
S
o
t
his
re
s
ult
sho
ws
that
the
ef
fici
ency
of
dual
MPP
T
is
m
any
tim
es b
igg
e
r
th
an
the
sin
gle
MPPT, t
her
e
fore,
it
i
s
reco
m
m
end
ed
to use
this m
et
ho
d.
Table1
1
.
T
he PV
cel
l s
pecifi
cat
ion
s
NS
36
V
oc
22
V
I
sc
7
.06
A
V
MP
P
18
V
I
MP
P
6
.67
A
P
m
a
x
120
W
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
29
12
-
2917
2916
Figure
5
.
P
ow
e
r vers
us
t
im
e w
hen usi
ng sin
gl
e
MPPT a
nd im
p
rove
d
P
&O t
echn
i
qu
e
Figure
6
.
P
ow
e
r vers
us
t
im
e w
hen usi
ng
d
ual
MPPT
and im
pr
ov
e
d P&O
tech
niqu
e
Figure
7.
P
ow
e
r vers
us
t
im
e w
hen usi
ng sin
gl
e an
d
d
ual M
P
PT w
it
h
im
pr
oved
P&
O
te
c
hniq
ue
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
pa
pe
r,
du
al
MPPT
ha
s
been
propos
ed
an
d
com
par
ed
with
a
sing
le
MPPT.
T
he
si
m
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
s
how
th
at
the
total
e
xtr
act
ed
power
in
case
of
us
i
ng
du
al
M
PPT
is
sign
ific
a
ntly
m
axim
iz
ed
as
oppo
s
ed
to
the
case
of
sing
le
MPP
T
e
sp
eci
al
ly
under
par
ti
al
sh
a
ding
co
ndit
ion
s
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
sy
stem
was
si
m
ulate
d
us
in
g
t
he
m
at
hem
a
ti
cal
equ
at
ions
of
ea
ch
com
po
ne
nt
in
the
MATLAB/SIM
SCAPE
en
vir
on
m
ent.
The
sim
ulati
o
n
analy
sis
de
m
on
strat
es
that
the
i
m
pr
ov
e
d
P&O
te
ch
nique
can
work
ve
ry
well
under
par
ti
al
sh
a
ding c
onditi
on
s
a
nd the
PV sy
stem
w
il
l wo
r
k o
n
it
s g
l
obal
m
axi
m
u
m
p
ow
e
r p
oin
t (
G
MPP).
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
G
.
Li
,
X
.
Shi
,
C
.
Fu
,
and
G
.
Zhou,
"
Design
and
i
m
ple
m
ent
at
ion
o
f
a
novel
MP
PT
cont
roller
base
d
on
sun
tra
cki
ng
te
chno
log
y,
"
I
E
EE
In
te
rnationa
l
conference
on
E
le
c
tric
al
Mac
h
in
es
and
Syst
ems
,
ICEMS
,
pp
.
261
1
-
2615,
2008
.
[2]
R.
K.
Ism
ae
l
Acka
h,
"
Gree
n
growth
in
oil
produc
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Afric
an
cou
ntri
es:
A
pane
l
d
at
a
an
aly
sis
of
ren
ewa
bl
e
ene
rg
y
demand
,
"
R
ene
w
able
and
Sustain
able
Ene
rgy
Rev
ie
ws
,
vo
l. 50,
no.
C,
pp
.
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-
116
6,
2015
.
[3]
"
Envi
ronm
ent
,
"
Nati
ona
l
Geogr
a
phic
,
[Onlin
e]
.
Avail
ab
le
:
htt
p
:/
/
envi
ronm
ent
.
n
at
i
onal
geogr
aphi
c
.
com
[4]
"N
at
iona
l
En
erg
y
rese
a
rch
C
ente
r
(NERC)
-
Jorda
n,
" Feb
2012
.
[O
nli
ne]
.
Ava
il
ab
le:
ww
w.ne
rc
.
gov.
jo.
[5]
E.
S.
Hra
y
sha
t,
"
Visibil
ity
of
solar
photovol
t
aics
as
an
el
ec
tricity
generation
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In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
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88
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A SIM
SCAPE
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s
ed
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esi
gn of
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xi
m
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r
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el
l
,
"
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ernati
onal
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Of
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n
e
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pe
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"
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and
high
-
eff
iciency
pho
to
volt
aic
s
y
st
em
under
non
-
unifo
rm
oper
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dit
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ons
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"
IET
R
ene
w
able
Powe
r Gen
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and
A
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"
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
l
e
w
i
t
h
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
M
A
T
L
A
B
/
S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
,
"
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
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5
1
,
n
o
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4
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245
–
252
,
2
0
1
5
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[18]
Y
.
Rambhow
an
and
V
.
Ore
e,
"
I
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
u
a
l
-
a
x
i
s
s
o
l
a
r
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
cy
v
i
a
d
r
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
"
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
50,
n
o
.
2
,
pp
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74
–
80
,
2
0
1
4
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[19]
S.
K.
Ism
at
khodgae
v,
N.
A.
Matc
hanov
,
Sh.
A.
Aziz
ov,
an
d
Sh.
I.
Sule
ym
anov,
"
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
o
f
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
e
c
o
n
o
my
,
"
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
50
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
1
–
1
9
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[20]
H
.
B
.
Tolabi
and
S
.
Md.
A
y
ob
,
"
N
e
w
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
g
l
o
b
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
t
i
n
g
b
y
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
a
n
n
e
a
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
u
s
i
n
g
,
"
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
50,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
0
2
–
2
0
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[21]
J
-
K
.
Shiau,
Y
-
C
.
W
ei
,
and
B
-
C
.
Chen
"
A
stud
y
on
the
fuz
z
y
-
lo
gic
-
base
d
solar
power
MP
PT
algorithms
using
diffe
ren
t
fu
zzy
i
nput
var
ia
bl
es
a
l
gorit
hm
s
,
"
A
lgorit
hms
,
vol. 8, n
o.
2
,
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[22]
J.
M.
Enri
que,
J.
M.
Andujar
,
and
M.
A.
Bohorq
uez
,
"
A
rel
i
abl
e
,
fast
and
low
cost
m
axi
m
u
m
po
wer
point
tra
ck
e
r
for
photovoltaic
appl
i
ca
t
ions
,
"
So
lar E
nergy
,
vo
l.
84,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
79
-
89,
2010
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[23]
N.
Pongrata
n
an
ukul
,
"
Anal
y
sis
and
Sim
ula
t
io
n
tool
s
for
sol
ar
arr
a
y
power
s
y
stems
,
"
Doc
tora
l
Diss
ertat
io
n
,
Univer
sit
y
of
Ce
ntra
l
Florida,
Flo
rida
,
2005.
[24]
S.
Jain
and
V.
A
gar
wal,
"
A
new
al
gorit
hm
for
ra
pid
tracki
ng
of
a
pproximate
m
axim
um
po
wer
point
in
photovolta
i
c
s
y
stems
,
"
IE
EE
Powe
r E
le
c
troni
cs
lette
r
,
v
ol
.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp
.
16
-
19
,
2004
[25]
G.
Dzimano,
"
Modeli
ng
of
photo
volt
aic
s
y
stems
,
"
Master
The
sis
,
The
Ohio
State
Univer
sit
y
,
2008
.
[26]
M
.
S.
Ibbini
and
A
.
H.
Adawi,
"
A
si
m
sca
pe
base
d
design
of
a
gl
obal
m
axi
m
um
power
point
tra
c
ker
under
par
tial
shading
cond
it
io
n,
"
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
o
f
Smar
t
Gr
id
and
C
le
an
Ene
rgy
,
v
o
l. 8,
no.
1
,
pp
.
98
-
10
2,
Jan
2019
.
[27]
Moham
m
ed
S.
I
bbini
,
Abdul
la
h
H.
Adawi,
"
Ana
l
y
sis
and
d
esign
of
a
m
axi
m
um
power
point
tr
acker
for
a
sta
nd
-
al
one
photo
voltaic s
y
st
em using
sim
sca
pe,
"
Int
.
J
.
o
f
A
d
v
.
T
r
e
n
d
s
i
n
C
o
m
p
.
S
c
i
.
a
n
d
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
4
-
5
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Mohamme
d
Salameh
Ib
bin
i
rec
ei
v
ed
his
Ph.
D
in
el
e
ct
ri
cal
en
gine
er
ing
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Ill
in
ois
at
Urb
ana
-
Champaign
,
his
M.sc
.
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
eng
in
ee
ring
from
the
Univer
sit
y
o
f
Colora
doa
t
Boul
der
and
his
B.
Sc.
in
Elec
tronic
s
from
the
ENSEEC
in
Franc
e
.
He
is
cur
re
n
t
l
y
Profess
or
of
el
ectrical
and
b
iomedic
a
l
engi
n
ee
r
in
g
at
Jordan
Univ
ersity
of
Sci
enc
e
&
Technol
o
g
y
.
He
is
cur
r
ent
l
y
t
he
vi
ce
pr
eside
n
t
of
Jordan
Uni
ver
sit
y
of
Sc
ie
n
ce
and
T
ec
hnolo
g
y
and
h
ad
he
l
d
diffe
ren
t
admini
strat
iv
e
an
d
a
cadem
ic
positi
on
s.
Moham
m
ed
Ibb
ini
has
bee
n
pro
fessor
of
EE
an
d
BME
at
JU
ST
since
2005
,
authoring
and
co
-
a
uthori
ng
ov
er
7
0
articles
and
a
tt
endi
ng
a
huge
num
ber
of
int
er
nat
ion
al
conf
e
r
enc
es.
Profess
or
Ibbini
ta
ught
diffe
ren
t
cour
se
s
in
li
nea
r
and
nonli
ne
ar
cont
ro
l,
biomedi
ca
l
in
strum
ent
at
ion
,
signal
and
s
y
ste
m
s
and
m
ac
hine
s.
His
rese
ar
ch
int
er
est
in
cl
udes
but
not
li
m
ited
to
nonl
inear
co
ntrol
,
ren
ew
abl
e
e
ner
g
y
,
f
ee
dba
ck
li
n
ea
r
izati
o
n
,
ult
rasound
and
m
ic
rowave
c
ancer
the
r
ap
y
,
d
ia
b
et
es
and
bridgi
n
g
the
g
ap
be
twe
en
the
unive
rs
i
t
y
output
and the
w
ork
m
ark
et
ne
ed
s.
Prof.
Ibbini
is a
strong
advocat
e
of
hands
-
on,
r
e
al
life
ex
amples,
proje
c
t
bas
ed
l
earning
,
learni
ng
b
y
doing
and
inno
vat
ion
in Engi
n
e
eri
ng
.
Ab
d
ullah
Hame
d
Ad
aw
i
is
b
orn
in
Saud
ia
Arabi
a
In
1990,
I
obt
ai
ned
a
b
ac
hlo
er
d
egr
ee
i
n
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
power
engi
n
ee
ring
in
2012
from
Alba
lqa
a
Applie
d
Univer
sit
y
.
I
recei
v
ed
m
y
Master
in
2019
in
the
fi
e
ld
of
power
an
d
cont
rol
eng
in
ee
ring
from
Jordan
Univer
sit
y
of
Scie
nc
e
and
Te
chn
o
log
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.