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ased
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2.
L
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AT
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RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
T
he
big
a
rg
u
m
ent
T
h
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b
ig
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m
e
n
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if
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ce
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m
ic
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as
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d
r
ess
ed
b
y
Da
v
id
M.
Mo
r
e
n
s
et
a
l
[
3
]
.
I
n
a
b
id
to
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b
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n
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ld
)
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ter
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)
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b.
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r
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lace
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r
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s
ex
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lo
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y
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s
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ig
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attac
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d.
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h
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s
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m
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al
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m
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f
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li
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,
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g
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n
.
f.
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f
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ta
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g.
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f
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n
all,
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t
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at
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k
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n
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er
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g
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ested
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h
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ter
m
p
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s
ed
f
o
r
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n
l
y
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n
f
ec
tio
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s
d
is
ea
s
es.
2
.
2
.
Web
-
ba
s
ed
d
is
ea
s
e
s
urv
eilla
nce
a
nd
epide
m
ic
a
lert
s
y
s
t
em
:
s
t
a
t
e
-
of
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t
he
-
a
rt
E
r
in
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r
ev
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w
ed
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
latest
tech
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o
lo
g
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s
an
d
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
to
ca
r
r
y
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io
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g
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al
in
f
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tio
u
s
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
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n
c
e
[
4
]
.
A
r
ev
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w
o
n
ep
id
e
m
ic
m
o
d
eli
n
g
w
a
s
al
s
o
d
o
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e.
T
h
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n
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d
to
b
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ab
le
to
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y
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ef
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w
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Dis
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ea
s
es
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
a
n
d
n
e
w
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
i
n
p
ath
o
g
en
d
i
s
co
v
er
y
a
s
th
e
k
e
y
d
r
iv
er
s
in
t
h
e
n
e
w
a
g
e
o
f
d
is
e
ase
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
.
C
o
llier
,
o
f
t
h
e
Natio
n
a
l
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics,
T
o
k
y
o
,
J
ap
an
d
id
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
E
p
id
em
ic
I
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
(
E
I
)
.
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
‟
s
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ar
ti
f
icia
l
in
te
lli
g
e
n
ce
,
s
o
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
d
ata
m
i
n
i
n
g
to
o
ls
a
n
d
n
at
u
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
to
m
o
n
i
to
r
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
a
n
tl
y
u
n
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
ed
d
at
a.
He
s
u
r
m
is
ed
t
h
at
at
t
h
e
co
r
e
o
f
E
p
id
e
m
ic
I
n
telli
g
en
ce
u
s
i
n
g
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
d
ata
w
a
s
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
ll
ed
T
ex
t M
in
i
n
g
[
5
]
.
I
n
t
h
eir
w
o
r
k
,
J
en
n
i
f
er
L
.
Gar
d
y
et
a
l
s
h
ed
li
g
h
t o
n
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
d
i
s
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
is
g
lo
b
al
i
n
s
co
p
e,
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
th
e
g
o
a
n
d
i
s
g
e
n
o
m
ic
s
-
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
esp
ec
iall
y
i
a
f
ter
th
e
E
b
o
la
an
d
Z
i
k
a
ep
id
em
ic
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
On
e
Hea
lth
S
y
s
t
e
m
th
at
is
b
ased
o
n
g
e
n
o
m
i
cs
d
iag
n
o
s
t
ics
an
d
ep
id
em
io
lo
g
y
in
te
g
r
atio
n
in
to
ex
is
t
in
g
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
e
illa
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
en
v
i
s
io
n
ed
a
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
i
n
te
g
r
ates
h
u
m
an
,
an
i
m
al
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lt
h
to
p
r
o
f
f
er
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
r
e
g
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
ld
w
it
h
in
ad
eq
u
a
te
to
n
o
n
-
e
x
is
te
n
t
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
aid
p
ar
ticu
lar
atte
n
tio
n
to
h
o
w
s
e
v
er
al
ep
id
e
m
ics
li
k
e
t
h
e
E
b
o
la
an
d
Z
i
k
a
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
ed
u
n
i
n
h
ib
ited
f
o
r
m
o
n
t
h
s
an
d
u
n
n
o
ticed
b
y
ev
e
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
ei
l
lan
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
n
til
t
h
e
y
w
er
e
d
is
co
v
er
ed
m
u
c
h
later
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
g
r
o
w
n
to
ep
ic
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
.
No
v
el
p
ath
o
g
en
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
a
n
d
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
ce
r
tai
n
o
ld
p
ath
o
g
en
s
i
n
n
e
w
r
eg
io
n
s
w
er
e
id
en
t
if
ied
as
th
e
m
aj
o
r
g
ap
s
in
a
ll
e
x
is
ti
n
g
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Ma
j
o
r
i
m
p
ed
i
m
en
t
s
to
th
e
O
n
e
Hea
lth
Sch
e
m
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
w
er
e
id
en
t
i
f
ied
as
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
p
o
licie
s
,
co
n
f
lic
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
m
ed
ical
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
an
d
r
ese
ar
ch
er
s
f
r
o
m
lo
w
er
i
n
co
m
e,
m
id
d
le
i
n
co
m
e
a
n
d
b
etter
r
es
o
u
r
ce
d
n
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
d
i
s
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
as
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
i
s
th
e
g
e
n
o
m
ics
-
i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
[
8
]
o
n
e
w
h
er
e
all
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
h
ea
lt
h
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
a
g
lo
b
al
s
ca
le
w
it
h
co
m
p
lete
a
n
d
u
n
i
n
h
ib
ited
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
.
S.J
.
Yan
et
a
l
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
ti
m
e
lin
e
s
s
o
f
d
ata
m
i
n
ed
f
r
o
m
u
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
n
t
h
e
in
ter
n
e
t
f
o
r
E
p
id
em
ic
I
n
tell
ig
e
n
ce
(
E
I
)
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
a
lo
t
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
o
f
T
ex
t
Min
i
n
g
f
o
r
E
p
id
e
m
ic
I
n
telli
g
en
ce
a
n
d
ca
m
e
u
p
w
it
h
t
h
e
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
th
at
s
er
io
u
s
at
ten
t
io
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
aid
to
th
e
ti
m
el
in
e
s
s
a
n
d
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
d
is
ea
s
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
g
o
t
f
r
o
m
m
i
n
i
n
g
u
b
iq
u
ito
u
s
,
f
r
ee
a
n
d
u
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
t
er
n
et
[
9
]
.
Si
m
o
n
P
o
llet
et
a
l
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
“
B
i
g
Data
”
to
g
et
E
p
id
e
m
ic
I
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
(
E
I
)
o
n
v
ec
to
r
-
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
es
(
VB
D)
in
m
id
d
le
an
d
lo
w
i
n
co
m
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
w
as
a
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
i
n
ter
n
et
-
b
ased
to
o
ls
an
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
m
in
e
d
ata
o
n
v
ec
to
r
-
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
e.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
an
in
-
d
ep
th
s
u
r
v
e
y
an
d
ca
m
e
to
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
th
at
m
o
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
to
ascer
tai
n
t
h
e
tr
u
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
“
Di
g
ital
E
p
id
e
m
io
lo
g
y
”
i
n
t
an
d
e
m
w
ith
m
o
r
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
o
r
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
ea
n
s
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
also
ca
l
led
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
o
n
t
h
e
r
ea
ctio
n
o
f
e
n
d
u
s
er
s
to
th
e
m
etr
ics
u
s
ed
to
clas
s
i
f
y
o
r
g
a
u
g
e
th
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
o
f
a
d
is
ea
s
e.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
al
s
o
e
m
p
h
a
s
ized
th
at
“Dig
ital
E
p
id
e
m
io
lo
g
y
”
w
as
n
o
t
m
ad
e
to
r
ep
lace
b
u
t
r
ath
e
r
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
v
ec
to
r
-
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
ei
llan
ce
.
E
u
n
K
y
o
n
g
S
h
i
n
et
a
l
lo
o
k
ed
clo
s
el
y
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
o
n
li
n
e
clin
ical
tr
ials
i
n
th
e
U
n
ited
States
o
f
Am
er
ica.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
it
y
a
n
d
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
o
n
li
n
e
cli
n
ical
tr
i
als
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
s
tu
d
ie
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e
i
t
ap
p
ea
r
ed
o
n
lin
e
an
d
it
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
f
u
t
u
r
e.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
also
ex
h
a
u
s
tiv
el
y
d
etailed
th
e
p
o
ten
tial a
n
d
o
b
v
io
u
s
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
f
o
r
h
ea
lt
h
s
t
u
d
ies.
Nata
lie
S.
an
d
C
o
lli
n
s
A
.
i
n
th
e
ar
ticle,
W
eb
-
b
ased
Su
r
v
e
illan
ce
o
f
I
ll
n
es
s
in
C
h
ild
ca
r
e
C
en
ter
s
,
m
ad
e
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
b
i
o
-
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
in
ch
ild
ca
r
e
ce
n
ter
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
w
er
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
in
io
n
t
h
at
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
c
h
ild
ca
r
e
ce
n
ter
s
f
o
r
d
is
ea
s
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
w
as
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
t
h
a
n
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
n
l
y
.
T
h
e
ar
ticle
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
s
u
m
m
er
b
r
ea
k
s
as
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ain
o
r
co
r
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
w
h
y
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
c
h
o
o
ls
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
d
is
ea
s
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
w
as
n
o
t
e
f
f
e
ctiv
e
e
n
o
u
g
h
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
als
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
th
e
b
io
-
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
o
f
c
h
ild
ca
r
e
c
en
ter
s
b
e
w
eb
-
b
ased
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
ld
s
u
b
m
it
r
ep
o
r
ts
o
n
a
w
ee
k
l
y
b
asis
to
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lt
h
d
ep
ar
t
m
en
t.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
k
e
y
m
etr
ic
s
o
r
d
ata
t
h
at
w
as
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
y
th
e
p
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[
1
2
]
.
I
t
is
a
w
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b
-
b
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p
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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em
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in
g
in
f
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[
1
3
]
,
[
14]
w
a
s
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
Sar
ah
H.
Ols
o
n
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a
l
to
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(
I
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a
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ter
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ti
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m
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d
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tech
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a
s
t
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ter
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t
m
a
s
s
g
a
th
er
in
g
e
v
en
t
[
1
5
]
.
No
tab
le
a
m
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th
e
w
eb
-
b
ase
d
d
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ital
d
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wo
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k
(
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esp
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p
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r
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ca
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to
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th
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2
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t
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it
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w
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ter
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m
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a
w
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ased
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ased
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ased
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s
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s
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u
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d
u
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2
0
1
2
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u
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p
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n
f
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tb
all
ch
a
m
p
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n
s
h
ip
.
So
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
6
]
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
atic
r
ev
ie
w
to
d
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m
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ex
te
n
t
an
d
d
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th
to
w
h
ic
h
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cial
Ne
t
w
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k
s
(
O
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Ns)
h
a
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b
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u
s
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f
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d
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ea
s
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s
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ce
.
T
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s
t
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d
y
s
u
b
m
itted
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a
t
lo
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f
m
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f
r
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w
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F
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
2
4
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.
2
.
3
.
T
ra
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l a
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m
i
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ic
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te
m
s
ar
e
in
u
s
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all
ar
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n
d
th
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ld
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
ea
r
ch
er
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m
ad
e
a
s
u
m
m
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p
r
ess
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ticle
s
)
,
T
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(
h
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tl
in
es),
Dr
u
g
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ales a
n
d
A
b
s
e
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teei
s
m
.
Hea
lt
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C
ar
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iab
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d
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r
v
eillan
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ata
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Se
n
ti
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ce
(
s
en
t
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l
p
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y
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ician
s
w
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ee
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tify
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h
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eg
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ter
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atie
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tai
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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I
n
t J
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&
C
o
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p
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g
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Vo
l.
8
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No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
8
0
9
–
3
8
2
8
3814
s
p
ec
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p
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Me
d
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ec
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s
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Mic
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Dis
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Dem
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ap
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ate
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ase
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lan
ce
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n
d
S
y
n
d
r
o
m
ic
s
u
r
v
ei
llan
ce
[
2
6
]
.
2
.
4
.
I
nfo
de
m
io
lo
g
y
m
et
ric
s
I
n
f
o
d
e
m
io
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g
y
h
elp
s
d
eter
n
i
n
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th
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a
y
to
tack
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h
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is
s
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e
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f
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lic
h
ea
lt
h
.
I
t
is
p
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s
s
ib
le
to
co
llect
d
ata
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
i
n
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e.
I
n
ter
n
et
q
u
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h
a
v
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b
ee
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u
s
ed
to
p
r
ed
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th
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
o
f
a
n
ep
id
em
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T
w
itter
m
icr
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lo
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,
th
e
n
e
w
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d
t
h
e
w
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ter
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f
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h
ea
lth
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er
v
ices
h
a
v
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b
ee
n
m
o
n
ito
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ed
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
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g
lean
ed
f
r
o
m
all
th
e
s
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n
u
m
er
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s
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r
ce
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ar
e
an
al
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ed
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d
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l
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h
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lt
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p
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licies
ar
e
in
f
er
r
ed
[
2
7
]
.
A
lo
t
o
f
m
etr
ics
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
g
au
g
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e
i
m
p
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t o
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in
f
o
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m
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f
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o
m
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h
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ter
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et.
I
t
h
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aid
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h
at
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s
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ar
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ize
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o
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s
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illan
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m
etr
ic
s
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o
d
e
m
io
lo
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s
p
r
i
m
ar
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n
d
elec
tr
o
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ic
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g
o
t
u
s
in
g
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k
in
d
o
f
al
g
o
r
ith
m
)
.
A
cc
o
r
d
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g
to
t
h
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t
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s
,
in
f
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d
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t
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asic
m
etr
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co
u
ld
b
e
s
u
p
p
l
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elate
d
(
in
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n
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o
r
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(
in
ter
n
et
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g
h
ab
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s
)
[
2
8
]
.
On
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
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th
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m
o
s
t
b
asic
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ce
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d
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m
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tio
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cc
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r
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On
th
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b
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p
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o
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cts also
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in
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io
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et
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ic.
2
.
5
.
M
o
de
ls
f
o
r
w
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-
ba
s
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s
urv
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nce
a
nd
epide
m
ic
a
le
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s
y
s
t
e
m
s
T
h
e
u
b
iq
u
ito
u
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an
d
p
er
v
as
iv
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
et
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
h
a
v
e
f
o
r
ce
d
m
an
y
s
tate
s
to
r
ev
is
e
t
h
eir
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eil
lan
ce
p
o
licies.
I
t
is
al
m
o
s
t
a
m
u
s
t
f
o
r
s
tates
to
ca
r
r
y
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t
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ti
v
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ea
s
e
s
u
r
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llan
c
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d
in
f
o
r
m
th
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W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
a
n
izatio
n
(
W
HO)
o
f
an
y
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id
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ic
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u
tb
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ea
k
.
I
n
d
iv
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s
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d
n
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m
e
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tal
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g
an
iza
tio
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co
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ated
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to
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ter
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o
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o
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e
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s
k
n
o
w
n
an
d
ac
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p
ted
o
f
f
iciall
y
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dec
is
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n
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m
ak
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g
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t
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ter
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Hea
l
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R
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n
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I
HR
(
2
0
0
5
)
,
a
d
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
An
n
ex
2
[
2
9
]
W
HO
h
as
an
i
n
te
g
r
ated
g
lo
b
al
aler
t
an
d
r
esp
o
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s
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
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ics
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n
d
p
an
d
e
m
ic
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
b
ase
d
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n
alr
ea
d
y
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is
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in
g
an
d
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f
ec
t
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e
n
a
tio
n
al
h
ea
lth
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
an
in
ter
n
a
tio
n
al
c
o
o
r
d
in
ated
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
y
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te
m
.
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ese
n
tl
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,
W
HO
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et
a
l
er
ts
ab
o
u
t
ep
id
e
m
ics
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n
d
p
an
d
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m
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t
h
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t
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lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
it
s
m
e
m
b
er
s
ta
tes?
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
es p
h
ases
o
f
th
is
n
a
tu
r
e
f
o
r
zo
o
n
o
tic
d
is
ea
s
es;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
p
id
emic
A
lert
S
ystem:
A
W
eb
-
b
a
s
ed
Gra
s
s
r
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o
ts
Mo
d
el
(
E
ti
n
o
s
a
N
o
ma
Osa
g
h
a
e
)
3815
P
h
ase
1
-
3
:
T
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
f
o
r
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
,
g
ath
er
i
n
g
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
P
h
ase
4
-
6
:
A
ctu
al
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
m
iti
g
ati
n
g
e
f
f
o
r
ts
.
I
n
a
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
f
o
r
m
at,
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
h
ases
h
a
v
e
th
e
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
P
h
ase
1
: N
o
h
u
m
an
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
s
.
On
l
y
a
n
i
m
al
s
ar
e
af
f
ec
ted
.
P
h
ase
2
: H
u
m
an
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
n
f
ec
ted
b
u
t a
t v
er
y
lo
w
to
n
o
n
-
e
x
is
te
n
t le
v
els.
P
h
ase
3
:
A
tan
g
ib
le
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
u
m
an
s
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
b
u
t
n
o
h
u
m
an
-
h
u
m
an
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
et.
P
h
as
e
4
: V
er
i
f
ied
a
n
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
h
u
m
a
n
-
h
u
m
a
n
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
atte
n
d
an
t
“
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
-
lev
el
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
”
o
r
f
u
ll e
p
id
e
m
ic.
P
h
ase
5
: V
er
i
f
ied
a
n
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
h
u
m
a
n
-
h
u
m
a
n
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
atte
n
d
an
t
“
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
-
lev
el
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
”
in
at
least t
w
o
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
w
it
h
i
n
a
d
ef
i
n
ed
W
HO
r
eg
io
n
.
P
an
d
em
ic
is
v
er
y
i
m
m
in
e
n
t.
P
h
ase
6
:
Ver
if
ied
a
n
d
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
h
u
m
a
n
-
h
u
m
a
n
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
atte
n
d
an
t
“
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
le
v
el
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
”
in
at
least
t
w
o
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
w
ith
i
n
a
d
ef
in
ed
W
HO
r
eg
io
n
an
d
at
least
o
n
e
co
u
n
tr
y
i
n
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
W
HO
r
eg
io
n
.
A
p
an
d
e
m
ic
is
u
n
d
e
r
w
a
y
.
P
r
esen
tl
y
W
HO
h
as
m
ad
e
i
t
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
all
n
atio
n
al
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
s
to
r
ep
o
r
t
ca
s
e
s
o
f
an
y
d
is
ea
s
e
o
n
a
w
atc
h
lis
t th
at
k
ee
p
s
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
w
it
h
n
e
w
ad
d
itio
n
s
.
A
B
a
y
e
s
ian
Hier
ar
c
h
ical
P
o
is
s
o
n
Mo
d
el
w
i
th
a
h
id
d
en
Ma
r
k
o
v
m
o
d
el
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
D.
C
o
n
esa
et
al
f
o
r
th
e
ea
r
l
y
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
in
f
l
u
e
n
za
ep
id
e
m
ic
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
r
elied
g
r
ea
tl
y
o
n
a
n
in
te
n
s
it
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
t
h
at
w
as
s
et
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
cid
en
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
in
cid
en
ce
r
ate
w
a
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
w
h
ich
it
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
m
ea
n
a
n
d
v
ar
ian
ce
,
wer
e
m
o
d
eled
to
r
ef
lect
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
b
e
it
ep
id
e
m
i
c
o
r
n
o
n
-
ep
id
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m
ic.
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h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
o
k
i
n
to
co
g
n
iza
n
ce
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
ee
k
l
y
ep
id
e
m
ic
s
tates.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
g
a
v
e
s
a
m
p
les
o
f
h
o
w
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
s
tatis
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ical
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el
a
n
d
u
s
ed
B
a
y
esia
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n
f
er
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ce
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ef
in
e
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tate
o
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ic
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m
o
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t.
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e
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ch
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r
s
g
av
e
t
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
r
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b
ab
ili
ties
as:
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h
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e;
An
o
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ed
r
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ia
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icate
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eled
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a
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ME
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s
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s
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ce
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lu
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L
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d
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cu
te
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p
ir
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AR
I
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f
o
r
s
o
m
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
co
u
n
tr
ies
b
y
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
b
tain
ed
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
in
te
n
s
it
y
le
v
els
ad
o
p
ted
b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
,
n
a
m
el
y
,
B
aseli
n
e,
L
o
w
,
Me
d
iu
m
,
Hig
h
an
d
v
er
y
Hi
g
h
.
T
h
e
r
ese
ar
ch
er
s
u
s
ed
th
e
s
e
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
ep
id
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m
ic
lev
el
o
f
I
L
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in
v
ar
io
u
s
E
u
r
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p
ea
n
n
atio
n
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
s
f
r
o
m
1
9
9
6
/1
9
9
7
–
2
0
1
3
/2
0
1
4
s
ea
s
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
ar
r
iv
ed
at
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
t
h
at
t
h
ese
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
f
ir
m
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
s
ea
s
o
n
al
ep
id
e
m
ic
p
atter
n
s
a
n
d
th
u
s
,
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
i
n
to
au
to
m
ated
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
ei
ll
an
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
at
n
atio
n
al
an
d
i
n
ter
n
at
io
n
al
le
v
els.
I
n
th
e
ar
ticle,
Z
i
k
a
Vir
u
s
:
A
Ne
w
P
an
d
e
m
ic
T
h
r
ea
t
[
3
2
]
,
allu
s
io
n
w
a
s
m
ad
e
to
a
s
p
ec
ial
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
Z
i
k
a
T
r
ac
k
er
,
th
at
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
aid
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
o
f
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
Z
ik
a
v
ir
u
s
in
f
ec
tio
n
ca
s
es
to
h
elp
th
e
Am
er
icas
co
n
ta
in
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
th
e
v
ir
u
s
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
th
e
m
ai
n
ca
u
s
e
o
f
an
alar
m
i
n
g
r
is
e
in
Mic
r
o
ce
p
h
al
y
ca
s
es
i
n
th
e
Am
er
icas.
T
h
is
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
v
er
y
b
asic
ex
a
m
p
les
o
f
a
d
is
ea
s
e
aler
t
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
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s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
ex
p
lo
it
s
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ea
s
e
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r
v
ei
llan
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g
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ass
r
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.
R
u
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h
A
.
A
s
h
to
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et
a
l
,
g
a
v
e
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in
s
i
g
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t
f
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l
ex
p
o
s
ito
r
y
in
to
th
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s
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u
l
n
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o
f
s
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h
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l
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b
ase
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d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
w
it
h
m
a
lar
ia
as
a
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
a
p
ilo
t
p
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g
r
a
m
m
e
t
h
at
w
as
ca
r
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ied
o
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t
i
n
E
t
h
io
p
ia
to
m
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ito
r
m
alar
ia
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m
ics
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d
f
o
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s
ed
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
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n
s
c
h
o
o
l
ab
s
e
n
teeis
m
a
n
d
f
eb
r
ile
illn
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
s
u
b
m
i
tted
th
at
a
lo
t
o
f
c
h
allen
g
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h
a
m
p
er
ed
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
f
o
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s
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a
s
ch
o
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l
-
b
ased
s
y
s
te
m
b
r
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g
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t
a
s
er
io
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s
ch
a
llen
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o
f
p
o
p
u
latio
n
r
ep
r
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tatio
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a
s
al
m
o
s
t
4
6
%
o
f
E
t
h
i
o
p
ian
s
c
h
o
o
l
ag
ed
ch
ild
r
en
ar
e
n
o
t
e
n
r
o
lled
in
s
c
h
o
o
l.
T
h
e
r
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ch
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s
s
u
g
g
est
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at
an
o
t
h
er
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ilo
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ec
t
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r
r
ied
o
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t
ag
ai
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h
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n
th
er
e
is
a
s
u
b
s
tan
t
ial
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
r
ep
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r
ted
ca
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es o
f
m
al
ar
ia
th
an
w
h
at
i
s
co
n
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n
tio
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all
y
k
n
o
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n
.
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n
all,
th
e
r
esear
ch
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s
n
o
ted
th
at
t
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e
s
en
s
iti
v
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o
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th
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s
c
h
o
o
l
-
b
ased
s
y
n
d
r
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m
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s
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r
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n
ce
to
d
etec
t
ep
id
em
ic
s
co
u
ld
n
o
t b
e
f
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l
l
y
ascer
t
a
in
ed
.
T
h
e
Mo
d
el
u
s
ed
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fo
u
r
cr
itical
ar
ea
s
th
at
p
o
s
e
s
er
io
u
s
p
r
o
b
lem
s
to
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
o
n
a
g
lo
b
al
s
ca
le
w
er
e
o
u
tlin
e
d
b
y
[
3
4
]
as
s
cie
n
ti
f
ic
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
o
licies,
tec
h
n
i
ca
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
f
i
n
an
cial
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
g
a
v
e
a
n
o
tio
n
al
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
a
g
lo
b
al
d
is
ea
s
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
8
0
9
–
3
8
2
8
3816
So
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
3
5
]
w
r
o
te
o
n
h
o
w
ep
iDMS:
Data
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
A
n
al
y
tic
s
f
o
r
Dec
is
io
n
Ma
k
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
E
p
id
e
m
ic
Sp
r
ea
d
Si
m
u
latio
n
E
n
s
e
m
b
les,
h
av
e
h
elp
ed
to
p
lu
g
s
o
m
e
cr
itical
h
o
les
t
h
at
h
a
s
to
d
o
w
it
h
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
m
u
ltip
le
i
n
te
r
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ep
en
d
en
c
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
n
d
co
m
p
le
x
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
d
u
r
in
g
an
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
ep
id
em
ic.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
cl
ai
m
ed
th
a
t
th
e
d
ata
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
a
n
al
y
tics
to
o
ls
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
ep
iDMS
h
elp
w
it
h
t
h
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ased
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
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p
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g
I
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N:
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[
40]
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ased
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3
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cr
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t r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
8
0
9
–
3
8
2
8
3818
4.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
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h
e
w
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b
ased
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as
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