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[
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in
g
g
a
m
e
th
eo
r
y
at
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
a
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
u
n
d
er
a
m
u
lti
ch
an
n
el
Het
Nets.
I
t
is
p
o
in
t
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
at
th
e
m
o
s
tl
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
elate
d
to
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
p
er
f
e
ct
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
C
SI
(
i.e
.
,
ch
an
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
)
at
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
i
d
e,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
it
is
g
en
er
all
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
at
all
s
y
s
te
m
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
s
u
ch
a
s
p
er
f
ec
t
-
C
SI
ar
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
f
e
m
to
-
u
s
er
s
,
d
u
e
to
ar
b
itra
r
y
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
i
n
co
r
r
ec
t
ch
a
n
n
e
l
esti
m
atio
n
,
c
h
an
n
el
d
elay
s
a
n
d
w
ir
eless
ch
a
n
n
e
l
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
f
o
r
f
e
m
to
-
u
s
er
s
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
t
h
e
d
esira
b
le
s
y
s
te
m
p
ar
am
eter
v
al
u
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
;
i
n
t
er
f
er
en
ce
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
c
h
an
n
el
g
ain
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
n
p
ap
er
[
9
,
1
0
]
,
th
e
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
a
t
ex
h
ib
it
s
r
o
b
u
s
tify
i
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
al
lo
ca
ti
o
n
w
it
h
i
m
p
er
f
ec
t
-
C
SI,
w
h
ich
h
a
s
d
r
a
w
n
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
atte
n
tio
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
h
a
n
d
le
th
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
i
n
HetNe
t
s
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
ai
m
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
a
lize
th
e
p
o
w
er
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
i
n
ter
-
ce
l
l
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
i
n
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
a
s
w
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
p
er
ly
r
eg
u
lat
in
g
t
h
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
p
o
w
e
r
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
as
p
er
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
g
e
t
ac
h
iev
ab
le
b
it
-
r
ate
i
n
f
e
m
to
-
ce
ll
s
,
all
in
ter
f
er
e
n
c
e
th
at
g
en
er
ated
i
n
s
m
all
ce
ll
n
et
wo
r
k
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
w
it
h
i
n
av
ailab
le
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
to
u
s
er
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
tectin
g
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
ll
u
s
er
s
i
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
u
n
d
er
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
lev
el.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
Qo
S
at
tr
af
f
ic
u
s
er
s
is
also
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
an
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
,
th
e
lev
el
o
f
Qo
S
ca
n
b
e
m
is
h
a
n
d
led
in
L
T
E
-
A
(
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
)
b
ased
s
m
a
ll
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
i
n
cr
e
m
en
t
i
n
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
ca
u
s
es
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
in
Qo
S,
d
u
e
to
its
m
o
r
e
d
ata
u
s
a
g
e
(
i.e
.
,
m
o
r
e
b
an
d
wid
th
)
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
w
e
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
n
N
QHN
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
w
i
th
e
f
f
icien
t
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
b
y
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
tr
af
f
ic
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
a
s
m
al
l
ce
ll
HetNe
ts
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
tl
y
h
a
n
d
le
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
with
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
Qo
S,
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
e
s
HeN
B
p
o
w
er
as
p
er
th
e
r
ea
l
t
i
m
e
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
ll
a
n
d
f
e
m
to
-
ce
ll.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
es
3
GP
P
[
1
1
]
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
e
f
f
icie
n
t
‘
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
in
g
’
p
o
i
n
ts
an
d
o
p
tim
ized
tr
af
f
ic
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
(
OT
S)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
Qo
S
a
w
ar
e
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
tr
af
f
ic
p
ar
am
eter
s
w
it
h
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
HetNe
t
s
co
n
d
itio
n
.
I
n
r
esu
lt
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
e
m
to
-
ce
ll
u
s
er
a
n
d
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
ll
u
s
er
s
i
n
a
tr
af
f
ic
s
c
en
ar
io
to
ch
ec
k
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
al
y
s
is
w
it
h
ex
is
ti
n
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
SU
RVE
Y
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
ac
e
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
r
ela
ted
is
s
u
es
i
n
W
C
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
co
o
r
d
in
ate
a
n
d
u
ti
lize
t
h
e
s
ev
er
al
lar
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
‘
s
m
a
ll
-
ce
ll
’
li
k
e
as
w
ir
ele
s
s
L
AN
(
lo
ca
l
ar
ea
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
)
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lar
g
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
‘
s
m
all
-
ce
ll
’
h
as
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
[
1
2
]
,
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
y
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
t
h
e
s
m
a
l
l
o
u
td
o
o
r
ce
lls
v
ia
ac
ce
s
s
s
et
u
p
p
o
in
ts
at
i
n
d
o
o
r
s
.
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
th
e
i
n
d
o
o
r
-
o
u
td
o
o
r
f
ield
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
h
as
d
o
n
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
p
ag
ate
in
m
u
l
tip
le
d
ir
ec
tio
n
;
also
,
t
h
e
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
3
.
5
GHz
th
at
u
s
ed
in
s
m
all
-
ce
ll
o
f
L
T
E
-
A
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
e
r
[
1
3
]
,
th
ey
u
s
ed
to
o
l
s
u
c
h
n
a
m
e
as
s
to
ch
a
s
tic
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
also
d
esig
n
ed
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
d
ata
-
r
ate
co
v
er
a
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
a
s
m
all
ce
ll
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
en
ab
li
n
g
MI
MO
at
w
ir
eless
b
ac
k
h
a
u
l.
T
h
e
s
m
a
ll
ce
ll
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
s
m
a
ll
ce
lls
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
eith
er
i
n
o
u
t
-
b
a
n
d
an
d
in
-
b
an
d
t
y
p
es
o
f
b
ac
k
h
a
u
l
u
n
d
er
a
n
ass
u
r
ed
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
h
a
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
n
et
wo
r
k
an
d
li
m
ited
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
e
r
al
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as;
s
m
all
-
ce
ll
B
S
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
,
b
ac
k
h
au
l
i
n
ter
f
a
ce
s
,
etc.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
c
h
a
n
n
el
d
if
f
icu
l
t
y
u
n
d
er
MI
MO
an
d
w
ir
eles
s
b
ac
k
h
au
l
f
ac
es
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
c
h
a
n
n
el
ar
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
t,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
lin
k
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
b
o
th
lo
n
g
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
ter
m
o
f
ch
an
n
el
e
f
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
g
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
s
t
u
b
b
o
r
n
as
p
er
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
i
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ize,
als
o
it
ca
n
n
o
t
h
an
d
le
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
o
u
t
g
e
n
er
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
it
i
s
b
ec
o
m
e
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
W
C
ce
ll
u
la
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
e
f
f
ec
t
i
n
p
at
h
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
w
a
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
th
er
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
i
m
u
late
th
e
ce
ll
u
lar
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
in
[
1
4
]
,
th
e
s
e
v
er
al
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
m
o
d
el
was
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
y
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
esti
m
ati
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
v
ia
s
i
m
u
latio
n
ca
n
d
eli
v
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
n
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
s
e
tt
in
g
th
u
s
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
m
a
y
n
o
t
d
if
f
er
at
o
th
er
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
a
s
w
ell
as
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
,
i
n
[
1
5
]
th
e
y
al
s
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
w
o
r
k
b
ased
o
n
ce
ll
u
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
w
it
h
f
i
x
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
eir
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
l
y
wo
r
k
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
o
p
tim
u
m
r
es
u
lt
at
a
s
m
all
-
ce
l
l
HetNe
t
s
,
w
h
ile
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
lar
g
e
HetNe
ts
w
it
h
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
y
cr
ea
t
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
co
o
p
er
atio
n
w
it
h
s
o
p
h
i
s
ticated
B
S
an
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lo
ca
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‘
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g
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b
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C
SI
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n
d
er
a
co
m
m
u
n
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
etti
n
g
.
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s
u
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in
s
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ce
ll
HetNe
ts
to
p
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v
id
e
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
,
h
ig
h
er
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
i
cien
c
y
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
allo
ca
tio
n
in
w
ir
eles
s
b
a
ck
h
a
u
l,
an
d
u
s
er
Qo
S.
W
h
er
e
th
e
Qo
S
is
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
th
is
f
ield
,
w
h
ic
h
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
le
s
s
a
n
d
i
n
p
ap
er
[
1
6
]
,
th
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
t
allo
ca
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
w
ir
eles
s
b
ac
k
h
a
u
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
th
at
b
ased
o
n
OFDM
ac
ce
s
s
HetNe
ts
s
m
all
ce
ll.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
al
s
o
s
o
m
e
ex
is
t
in
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tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
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in
c
r
ea
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th
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ased
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C
SI.
T
h
e
p
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t
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ac
k
h
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l
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w
o
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k
s
c
o
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s
is
t
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f
s
taticall
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ca
tio
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th
at
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s
u
l
t
litt
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allo
ca
tio
n
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
ev
er
al
s
m
all
-
ce
ll
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
in
a
ce
ll
u
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
g
i
v
en
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
i
n
[
1
7
]
th
e
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
e
w
ac
ce
s
s
b
ac
k
h
a
u
l
n
et
wo
r
k
d
esig
n
t
h
at
b
ased
o
n
S
m
a
r
t
-
GW
(
Gate
w
a
y
)
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
B
Ss
an
d
s
m
all
-
ce
ll.
Sp
ec
if
icall
y
,
th
e
y
ap
p
lied
m
o
d
est
L
T
E
p
r
o
to
co
l,
w
h
ich
ad
d
th
e
S
m
ar
t
-
GW
in
t
o
ad
v
an
ce
d
L
T
E
HetNe
ts
.
I
n
p
ap
er
[
1
8
]
,
th
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
r
an
d
o
m
s
p
atial
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
w
h
er
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
ar
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
as
s
p
atial
P
P
P
(
P
o
is
s
o
n
p
o
in
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
)
,
th
ese
t
y
p
e
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
a
s
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
w
ir
eles
s
ad
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
[
1
9
-
2
2
]
an
d
it h
as p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
e
ll u
n
d
er
s
m
a
ll c
ell
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
h
er
e
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
B
S
ar
e
in
ir
r
eg
u
lar
f
o
r
m
.
I
n
p
ap
er
[
2
3
]
,
th
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
L
AA
(
‘
l
icen
s
ed
-
as
s
is
ted
ac
ce
s
s
’
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
o
f
s
m
al
l
ce
ll
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
an
d
a
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
ca
lled
L
T
E
w
it
h
u
n
licen
s
ed
i
n
cu
m
b
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
h
a
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
h
er
e,
w
h
er
e
th
e
y
g
iv
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
tr
ate
g
ies
;
w
ir
eles
s
f
id
elit
y
(
W
i
-
Fi)
an
d
L
T
E
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
an
u
n
licen
s
ed
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
I
n
[
2
4
-
2
6
]
,
th
e
p
o
in
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
as
c
o
n
s
id
er
w
it
h
th
e
s
to
c
h
asti
c
g
e
o
m
e
tr
y
th
eo
r
y
,
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
an
d
tr
ac
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
at
ca
n
u
s
ed
to
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
in
ce
ll
u
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
r
an
d
o
m
s
p
atia
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
u
c
h
as
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
t
ed
an
ten
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
[
2
7
]
a
n
d
HetNe
ts
[
2
8
-
3
1
]
,
b
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
e
h
av
e
ad
o
p
ted
th
at
s
ti
ll a
lag
in
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
HetNe
t
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
i
th
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
Qo
S.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
Her
e,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
f
e
m
to
-
ce
l
ls
t
h
at
h
as
ab
il
it
y
to
av
o
id
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
c
h
an
n
e
l
s
ig
n
al
s
;
also
,
d
eli
v
er
h
ig
h
q
u
alit
y
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
to
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
f
e
m
t
o
-
ce
lls
e
n
h
an
ce
s
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
at
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
p
er
u
n
it
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
B
S
p
r
esen
t
at
s
h
o
r
ter
d
is
ta
n
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
h
elp
m
o
b
ile
ter
m
i
n
als
to
g
et
m
u
c
h
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
th
at,
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
b
atter
y
li
f
e
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
e
m
to
-
ce
lls
at
i
n
d
o
o
r
lo
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
l
l
s
ca
n
a
ls
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
u
c
h
r
eliab
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s
er
v
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to
o
u
td
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o
r
u
s
er
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
v
er
h
e
ad
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
,
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
t
w
o
m
aj
o
r
p
ar
t
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
ap
p
r
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ac
h
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d
o
p
ti
m
ized
tr
af
f
ic
s
ch
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g
a
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it
h
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i
n
a
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l
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ti
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g
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ce
n
ar
io
w
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t
h
m
ai
n
tai
n
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s
er
s
Qo
S,
t
h
e
Qo
S
at
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
n
et
w
o
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k
d
y
n
a
m
icall
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
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er
s
.
I
n
HetNe
t
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
f
e
m
to
-
ce
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u
s
er
s
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d
m
ac
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-
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s
er
s
ar
e
m
a
k
es
r
eq
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est,
f
o
r
t
h
at
a
cq
u
ir
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ch
a
n
n
e
l
s
tate
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n
d
tr
a
f
f
ic
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ar
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
to
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
o
th
at
w
e
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
tr
an
s
-
r
ec
eiv
er
B
S (
T
B
S)
an
d
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
Dia
g
r
a
m
o
f
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
NQHN
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
3
.
1
.
O
pti
m
ized
t
ra
f
f
ic
s
cheduli
ng
(
O
T
S)
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
h
a
n
d
le
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
i
n
a
s
m
all
-
ce
ll
HetNe
t
s
,
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ca
p
ac
ity
to
a
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
ch
an
n
el
s
ta
te
an
d
tr
af
f
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ar
e
g
i
v
en
i
n
p
u
t
to
O
T
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
m
a
k
e
th
e
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
r
esu
lt
at
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e,
w
h
ich
also
b
a
s
ed
o
n
u
til
it
y
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
u
tili
t
y
f
u
n
cti
o
n
ai
m
i
s
o
b
tai
n
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
Qo
S
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
t
h
at
r
ea
lized
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
er
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ce
n
ar
io
an
d
i
n
g
e
n
er
al,
th
e
p
ac
k
et
h
o
ld
in
g
ti
m
e
o
f
a
u
s
er
ar
e
h
i
g
h
s
o
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t o
f
Qo
S a
l
s
o
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
f
o
r
t
h
at
u
s
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
5
9
3
-
2602
2596
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
Op
ti
m
ized
T
r
af
f
ic
Sc
h
ed
u
li
n
g
(
)
1
:
−
f
o
r
in
t ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
2
:
−
f
o
r
tr
af
f
ic
r
eq
u
ested
b
y
i
n
d
iv
i
d
u
al
u
s
er
3
:
−
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
a
v
er
ag
e
ti
m
e
u
tili
t
y
b
ased
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
(
)
]
4
:
−
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
m
ax
i
m
a
l u
til
it
y
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
f
u
n
ctio
n
A
th
5
:
−
if
[
(
)
]
<
A
th
6
:
−
An
ticip
ate
u
s
er
r
eq
u
est
7
:
−
end
8
:
−
end
9
:
−
if
r
eq
u
est f
r
o
m
a
n
o
v
el
u
s
er
co
m
es
10
:
−
I
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
n
o
v
el
ti
m
e
u
tili
t
y
f
u
n
[
(
)
]
11
:
−
if
[
(
)
]
<
A
th
12
:
−
Ne
w
u
s
er
r
eq
u
es
t h
as
n
o
t r
esp
o
n
d
ed
y
et
13
:
−
else
14
:
−
P
r
o
ce
e
d
f
o
r
u
s
er
r
eq
u
est,
s
t
ar
t
f
r
o
m
s
tep
1
an
d
ac
ti
v
at
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
15
:
−
end
16
:
−
else
17
:
−
P
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tin
u
e
18
:
−
end
19
:
−
end
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
Qo
S
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
,
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
w
e
ca
n
u
s
e
a
n
y
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
d
ela
y
i
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
a
y
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
d
el
a
y
an
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ar
e
m
aj
o
r
in
lo
wer
p
r
io
r
ity
u
s
er
s
b
u
t
it
i
s
n
o
t
m
u
c
h
cr
it
ical,
d
u
e
to
r
eg
u
lati
n
g
t
h
e
a
n
g
le
o
f
d
ela
y
b
o
u
n
d
s
t
h
at
ca
n
v
ar
y
u
til
it
y
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
m
etr
ic
in
s
tan
tl
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
ab
o
v
e
OT
S
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
ac
h
ie
v
e
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
a
p
er
io
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
u
s
er
s
n
u
m
b
er
ar
e
n
o
t
v
er
y
lar
g
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
e
m
to
-
ce
l
l
u
s
er
s
m
o
v
e
clo
s
el
y
to
w
ar
d
s
B
S
i
n
HetNe
ts
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
an
d
h
a
n
d
o
v
er
r
eq
u
e
s
t
d
i
s
tan
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
e
m
to
-
ce
ll
ce
n
ter
n
ee
d
s
m
o
r
e
‘
lo
ad
b
alan
cin
g
’
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
e
s
f
alls
i
n
s
y
s
te
m
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
e
r
v
ice
s
.
3
.
2
.
Ro
bu
s
t
us
er
qu
a
lity
ba
s
ed
p
o
w
er
c
o
ntr
o
ller
A
m
u
lt
iu
s
er
OFDM
b
ased
HetNe
ts
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tain
s
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
e
m
to
-
c
ell
u
s
er
s
(
FC
Us)
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icati
n
g
w
it
h
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
f
e
m
to
-
ce
ll
B
S
s
(
FC
B
Ss
)
o
v
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
.
FC
Us
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
u
t
ilize
th
e
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
ll
u
s
er
s
(
MCU
s
)
v
ia
FC
-
B
Ss
,
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
v
ar
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
ac
tiv
e
u
s
er
’
s
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
av
ai
lab
le
s
u
b
ca
r
r
i
er
,
th
at
ca
n
b
e
in
d
ex
ed
as;
∈
≜
{
1
,
2
,
3
.
.
.
.
.
,
}
(
1
)
∈
ℰ
≜
{
1
,
2
,
3
.
.
.
.
.
,
}
(
2
)
Her
e,
w
e
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
ℰ
≥
,
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
Hz
th
at
is
v
er
y
le
s
s
co
m
p
ar
e
to
t
h
e
w
ir
eles
s
c
h
a
n
n
el
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
t
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
S
h
an
n
o
n
Har
tle
y
T
h
eo
r
em
(
S
HT
)
[
3
3
]
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
F
C
U
d
ata
r
ate
at
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
is
w
r
i
tten
a
s
.
,
=
ℎ
,
l
og
2
(
1
+
,
,
,
⁄
)
(
3
)
W
h
er
e,
,
d
en
o
tes
th
e
FC
U
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
e
at
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
,
ℎ
,
d
en
o
tes
th
e
FC
U
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
ass
ig
n
m
e
n
t
at
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
,
,
d
en
o
tes
th
e
FC
U
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
at
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
,
d
e
n
o
tes
th
e
FC
U
d
ir
ec
t
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
g
a
in
at
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
ass
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
w
i
ll
b
e
0
o
r
1
th
at
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
is
u
s
ed
b
y
FC
U
o
r
n
o
t.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
is
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
at
th
FC
U
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
an
d
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
F
C
U
ca
n
u
s
e
li
m
i
te
d
am
o
u
n
t o
f
p
o
w
er
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t i
s
g
i
v
e
n
as;
∑
ℎ
,
=
1
,
≤
,
∀
∈
(
4
)
I
n
(
4
)
,
d
en
o
tes
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
al
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
it
o
f
FC
U
a
n
d
th
e
d
ata
-
r
ate
s
h
o
u
ld
f
u
l
f
il
t
h
e
m
in
i
m
a
l
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t o
f
FC
U
Qo
S t
h
at
w
r
itte
n
as;
∑
,
=
1
≥
,
∀
∈
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
h
a
n
n
el
ca
p
a
city
ma
ximiza
tio
n
u
s
in
g
N
QHN a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
a
t h
e
tero
g
en
eo
u
s
n
etw
o
r
k
(
S
a
vita
P
a
til)
2597
w
h
er
e,
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
r
ate
o
f
FC
U
an
d
th
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
o
f
to
tal
cr
o
s
s
-
tier
u
n
d
er
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
to
th
e
MCU r
ec
eiv
er
p
ar
t c
an
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
;
∑
∑
ℎ
,
=
1
=
1
,
,
≤
(
6
)
w
h
er
e,
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
lev
e
l
at
MCU
r
ec
eiv
er
is
d
en
o
te
b
y
an
d
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
s
u
m
r
ate
v
ia
p
o
w
e
r
co
n
tr
o
ller
at
HetNe
ts
ca
n
b
e
g
i
v
en
a
s
;
ℎ
,
,
∑
∑
,
=
1
=
1
∑
ℎ
,
=
1
=
1
,
∀
∈
,
1
∑
ℎ
,
,
=
1
≤
,
∀
∈
,
2
(
7
)
w
h
er
e,
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
th
at
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
ea
ch
FC
U,
,
=
1
s
ig
n
i
f
y
t
h
e
th
-
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
th
at
u
s
ed
b
y
FC
U,
an
d
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
t o
f
FC
U
o
v
er
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
.
∑
,
=
1
≥
,
∀
∈
,
3
(
8
)
E
q
u
atio
n
(
8
)
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
Qo
S
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
al
F
C
U,
∑
∑
ℎ
,
,
,
=
1
=
1
≤
,
4
ℎ
,
∈
{
0
,
1
}
,
∀
∈
,
∈
ℰ
,
5
(
9
)
W
h
er
e,
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
to
tal
p
o
wer
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
at
MCU
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e,
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
is
ℎ
,
=
1
is
m
i
x
ed
in
te
g
er
an
d
n
o
n
-
co
n
v
ex
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
a
n
d
,
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
g
ai
n
s
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
MCU
to
F
C
U.
I
n
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t,
m
o
s
tl
y
o
f
th
e
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esear
c
h
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h
a
s
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
in
Het
Net
s
[
3
4
]
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
p
o
w
er
w
i
t
h
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
p
er
f
ec
t
C
SI
[
3
5
]
.
I
n
p
ar
ticle,
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
o
f
q
u
an
tizatio
n
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r
s
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d
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ati
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er
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ca
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t
h
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a
n
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el
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n
ce
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tai
n
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y
t
h
at
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ar
m
f
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l
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at,
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ld
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tec
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h
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n
d
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e
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ce
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h
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e,
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er
e
w
e
u
s
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
u
s
er
q
u
alit
y
b
ased
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
,
th
e
(
8
)
an
d
(
9
)
ca
n
b
e
r
e
w
r
itte
n
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
m
s
u
c
h
as;
ℎ
,
,
∑
∑
,
=
1
=
1
.
.
1
,
2
,
5
P
{
∑
,
≤
=
1
}
≤
,
∀
∈
,
6
(
1
0
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P
{
∑
∑
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,
,
,
=
1
=
1
>
}
≤
(
1
1
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h
er
e,
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o
th
(
1
0
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an
d
(
1
1
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en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
MCU
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d
F
C
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Qo
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v
ia
u
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t
h
e
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r
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b
ab
ilit
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u
n
ctio
n
an
d
an
d
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
h
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o
ld
v
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lu
e
o
f
o
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ta
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e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
Her
e,
OFDM
f
ea
tu
r
e
tec
h
n
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u
e
h
a
s
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n
s
id
er
,
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o
th
er
e
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
ar
e
in
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ep
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d
en
t
f
r
o
m
ea
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h
o
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er
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d
ea
ch
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d
ata
ar
e
m
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t
u
all
y
in
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ep
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n
d
en
t
f
r
o
m
all
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
th
e
s
et
o
f
d
ata
-
r
ate
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as;
=
{
,
≤
}
,
(
1
2
)
=
{
∑
,
=
1
≤
}
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e,
s
et
is
a
n
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
s
u
ch
a
s
;
̅
⊂
=
1
⋂
2
…
.
(
1
4
)
Af
ter
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
an
al
y
s
is
,
w
e
g
o
t f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
;
{
̅
}
≤
P
{
}
=
∏
P
=
1
{
}
(
1
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
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p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
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1
9
:
2
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3
-
2602
2598
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
it c
an
b
e
w
r
it
ten
as
;
P
{
∑
,
=
1
≤
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≤
∏
P
=
1
{
,
≤
}
(1
6)
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilis
tic
r
ate
co
n
s
tr
a
in
t
f
o
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u
p
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er
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n
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ies
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r
eq
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o
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ta
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t
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th
e
(
1
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ca
n
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e
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i
tten
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s
;
Ma
x
P
{
∑
,
=
1
≤
}
≤
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=
1
{
,
≤
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≤
(
1
7
)
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
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eter
m
in
i
s
t
ic
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
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ab
ilit
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th
e
ab
o
v
e
(
1
7
)
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as;
≤
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,
l
og
2
(
1
+
,
,
J
,
−
1
(
/
)
)
,
∀
∈
.
(
1
8
)
T
h
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
ab
o
v
e
(
1
8
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en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
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an
s
m
i
s
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io
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ith
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h
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n
s
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tag
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p
r
o
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a
b
ilit
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s
i
m
ilar
l
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h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
(
1
1
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ca
n
b
e
m
o
d
if
ied
as;
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,
,
≤
N
,
−
1
(
√
1
−
)
,
,
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
ℰ
.
(
1
9
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
(
1
9
)
eq
u
atio
n
s
aid
to
b
e
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
a
n
d
it
is
r
eq
u
ir
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to
k
e
ep
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r
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en
tab
le,
m
o
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eo
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er
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th
e
p
o
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er
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n
tr
o
ller
d
if
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ic
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lt
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it
h
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t a
n
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f
o
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m
at
io
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ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
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ted
as;
ma
x
ℎ
,
,
∑
∑
,
=
1
=
1
.
.
1
,
2
,
5
(
2
0
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,
l
og
2
(
1
+
ℎ
,
,
J
,
−
1
(
/
)
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,
∈
.
(
2
1
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Her
e,
w
e
h
av
e
ap
p
lied
t
h
e
in
v
er
s
e
co
llectiv
e
d
is
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ib
u
tio
n
f
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n
ctio
n
a
t
v
ar
iab
le
s
u
c
h
as
,
an
d
,
,
an
d
th
o
s
e
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
J
,
−
1
a
n
d
N
,
−
1
.
ℎ
,
,
N
,
−
1
(
√
1
−
)
≤
.
(
2
2
)
Gen
er
all
y
,
t
h
e
FC
Us
ca
n
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
C
SI
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
F
C
Us
a
n
d
MCUs
,
s
o
th
e
s
e
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
s
o
m
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
at
C
SI
ac
q
u
is
it
i
o
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
h
er
e
w
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
Ga
u
s
s
ian
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
h
a
n
d
le
t
h
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
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r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
g
ain
f
r
o
m
th
e
FC
U
s
tr
an
s
m
itter
to
B
S
is
ac
q
u
ir
e
v
ia
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
u
s
er
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an
d
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
i
s
g
iv
e
n
b
ac
k
to
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
F
C
Us tr
a
n
s
m
itt
er
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
ANAL
YSI
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
u
lt
s
t
h
at
i
s
s
i
m
u
lated
i
n
Ma
tlab
2
0
1
6
b
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
;
I
n
tel
i5
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
,
2
GB
NVid
i
a
g
r
ap
h
ics
-
ca
r
d
,
8
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R
A
M
an
d
W
in
d
o
w
s
1
0
OS
(
Op
er
atin
g
S
y
s
te
m
)
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
w
e
co
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s
id
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t
h
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s
ev
er
al
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ce
s
s
ar
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ar
a
m
eter
s
th
at
g
en
er
all
y
u
s
ed
in
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
;
g
ai
n
o
f
a
n
ten
n
a
1
4
d
B
i,
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
i
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i
m
u
m
tr
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n
s
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it
p
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ar
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2
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d
B
m
an
d
0
d
B
m
,
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
o
f
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S
4
3
d
B
m
,
s
p
ee
d
o
f
u
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er
s
3
K
m
/
h
,
Ur
b
an
t
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p
e
ch
a
n
n
el
m
o
d
el,
co
r
r
elatio
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
4
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m
,
r
ad
iu
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o
f
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ll
1
K
m
,
ca
r
r
ier
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d
s
u
b
ca
r
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ier
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an
d
w
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h
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0
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Mh
z
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3
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y
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te
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z
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W
ith
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n
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in
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t
h
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af
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ar
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eter
s
,
w
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h
a
v
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m
ac
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ce
ll,
1
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e
m
to
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ce
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1
5
n
u
m
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er
o
f
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,
6
0
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
1
0
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n
u
m
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er
o
f
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U
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
e
m
to
-
ce
ll,
M
C
Us
a
n
d
FC
Us
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
.
Her
e,
F
ig
u
r
e
2
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
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to
t
y
p
e
a
n
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
w
e
w
ill
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
4
,
7
,
8
an
d
1
0
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
ts
o
f
f
e
m
to
c
ell
s
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
a
r
b
itra
r
y
u
n
d
er
r
eal
-
ti
m
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
u
ch
a
s
v
id
eo
d
ata
[
3
6
]
an
d
au
d
io
[
3
7
]
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ea
lis
tic
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
w
ill
tr
ig
g
er
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
ig
n
al
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
at
FC
U
s
an
d
MC
Us i
n
s
m
al
l c
ells
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
h
a
n
n
el
ca
p
a
city
ma
ximiza
tio
n
u
s
in
g
N
QHN a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
a
t h
e
tero
g
en
eo
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s
n
etw
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k
(
S
a
vita
P
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til)
2599
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Netw
o
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k
P
r
o
to
ty
p
e
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
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th
e
tr
a
n
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m
i
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i
o
n
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4
,
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i
s
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o
r
ith
m
H
A
R
Q
-
C
C
[
3
8
]
an
d
HARQ
-
T
1
[
3
9
]
h
as
u
s
ed
a
v
er
ag
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
1
6
.
5
2
d
B
m
a
n
d
2
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B
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w
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e
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a
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ed
1
4
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3
3
d
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a
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at
i
s
2
8
%
le
s
s
er
co
m
p
ar
e
to
HARQ
-
T
1
[
3
9
]
an
d
1
3
.
2
5
% less
er
co
m
p
ar
e
to
HARQ
-
C
C
[
3
8
].
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
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th
e
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t
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
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t
b
y
d
i
f
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er
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t
a
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r
ith
m
i
n
ce
ll
4
,
w
h
er
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th
e
ex
is
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
H
AR
Q
-
C
C
[
3
8
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an
d
HARQ
-
T
1
[
3
9
]
h
as
o
b
tain
ed
av
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ag
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
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f
1
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s
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d
8
8
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6
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s
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er
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o
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o
p
o
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e
m
o
d
el
NQHN
h
as
g
o
t
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p
s
av
er
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e
t
h
r
o
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g
h
p
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t
th
a
t
is
7
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o
r
e
co
m
p
ar
e
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8
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d
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4
% m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ar
e
to
H
A
R
Q
-
T
1
[
3
9
].
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
p
o
w
er
th
at
u
s
ed
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
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n
t
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
n
ce
ll
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,
w
h
er
e
th
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
H
AR
Q
-
C
C
[
3
8
]
an
d
HARQ
-
T
1
[
3
9
]
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as
u
s
ed
a
v
er
ag
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
1
2
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2
d
B
m
an
d
1
7
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1
6
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B
m
,
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er
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o
u
r
p
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e
m
o
d
el
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h
a
s
u
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ed
1
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3
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B
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a
v
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p
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w
er
t
h
at
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3
9
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less
er
co
m
p
ar
e
to
HA
R
Q
-
T
1
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3
9
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d
1
5
.
1
4
% less
er
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m
p
ar
e
to
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C
C
[
3
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Fig
ur
e
6
s
h
o
w
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th
e
co
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p
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t
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
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t
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
ce
ll
7
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
H
AR
Q
-
C
C
[
3
8
]
an
d
HARQ
-
T
1
[
3
9
]
h
as
o
b
tain
ed
av
er
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
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2
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s
an
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9
9
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7
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r
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o
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QHN
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t
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h
at
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4
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co
m
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C
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9
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8
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m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ar
e
to
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T
1
[
3
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].
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
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w
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(
d
B
m
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i
n
C
el
l
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F
ig
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r
e
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h
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o
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g
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b
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ig
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r
e
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m
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n
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el
l
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Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
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o
u
g
h
p
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t (
b
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in
C
ell
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
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4
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A
u
g
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s
t 2
0
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:
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2602
2600
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tr
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s
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ce
l
l
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f
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ith
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a
s
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F
ig
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r
e
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th
e
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g
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y
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8
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4
4
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B
m
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ich
is
1
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r
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m
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e
to
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[
3
8
]
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4
6
.
5
%
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m
p
ar
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to
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R
Q
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T
1
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3
9
]
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Mo
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n
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if
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r
ith
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r
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C
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3
8
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d
2
7
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6
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m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ar
e
to
H
A
R
Q
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T
1
[
3
9
]
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Fig
u
r
e
7
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P
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(
d
B
m
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n
C
el
l
8
Fig
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r
e
8
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T
h
r
o
u
g
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p
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t (
b
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ell
8
Si
m
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lar
l
y
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F
ig
u
r
e
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s
h
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t
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m
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at
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it
h
m
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ll
1
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4
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h
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3
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les
s
er
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m
p
ar
e
to
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C
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8
]
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d
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2
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6
6
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less
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m
p
ar
e
to
HA
R
Q
-
T
1
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3
9
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M
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er
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ig
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0
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w
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th
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ted
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g
h
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ith
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ce
ll
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7
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m
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r
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h
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1
1
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d
H
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9
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o
t
1
9
M
b
p
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
a
te.
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r
eo
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er
,
F
ig
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r
e
1
2
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h
o
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t
h
e
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p
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t
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elay
f
r
o
m
d
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er
e
n
t
alg
o
r
ith
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in
en
d
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to
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e
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3
8
]
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d
9
0
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p
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to
H
A
R
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-
T
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[
3
9
].
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
A
v
er
a
g
e
T
h
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o
u
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h
p
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t (
b
p
s
)
Fig
u
r
e
12
.
C
o
m
p
u
ted
Dela
y
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
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8
8
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8708
C
h
a
n
n
el
ca
p
a
city
ma
ximiza
tio
n
u
s
in
g
N
QHN a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
a
t h
e
tero
g
en
eo
u
s
n
etw
o
r
k
(
S
a
vita
P
a
til)
2601
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
Qo
S
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es
i
n
W
C
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
g
r
o
w
in
g
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
b
u
ild
t
h
e
s
m
al
l
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
ce
lls
(
i.e
.
,
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
l
l)
b
y
s
et
u
p
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
ts
(
i.e
.
,
f
e
m
to
-
ce
ll).
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
No
v
el
Qo
S
a
w
ar
e
HetNe
t
s
(
NQHN
)
,
wh
ich
co
n
tai
n
s
OT
A
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
u
s
er
q
u
alit
y
b
a
s
ed
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
Qo
S
o
f
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
ll
Het
Nets
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
h
a
s
u
s
e
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
h
a
n
d
le
t
h
e
tr
a
f
f
i
c
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
i
n
a
s
m
al
l
-
ce
l
l
HetNe
ts
th
at
a
ls
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ca
p
ac
it
y
to
a
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
ch
a
n
n
e
l
s
tate
a
n
d
tr
a
f
f
ic
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ar
e
gi
v
e
n
i
n
p
u
t
to
OT
S a
lg
o
r
ith
m
to
m
ak
e
t
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
r
es
u
lt
at
a
p
er
io
d
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
q
u
an
tizatio
n
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
esti
m
atio
n
er
r
o
r
ca
u
s
es
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
t
h
at
is
h
ar
m
f
u
l
f
o
r
MCU
s
an
d
f
o
r
th
at
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
u
s
er
q
u
alit
y
b
ased
p
o
w
er
co
n
t
r
o
ller
.
I
n
r
esu
lt
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
s
u
m
r
ate
m
a
x
i
m
iz
atio
n
f
o
r
a
t
w
o
-
tier
HetNe
ts
w
i
th
m
u
ltip
le
f
e
m
to
-
ce
lls
a
n
d
o
n
e
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
ll,
wh
er
e
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
g
o
t
1
1
%
m
o
r
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
co
m
p
ar
e
to
HARQ
-
C
C
[
3
8
]
an
d
2
2
%
m
o
r
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
co
m
p
ar
e
to
HARQ
-
T
1
[
3
9
],
w
h
ic
h
ch
a
n
n
e
l c
ap
ac
it
y
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t b
y
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
B.
Ba
lav
e
n
k
a
tes
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
Qo
S
o
f
V
OIP
o
v
e
r
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
b
y
I
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
Ha
n
d
o
f
f
S
p
e
e
d
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2
0
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In
ter
n
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ti
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l
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n
fer
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n
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e
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n
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v
a
n
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e
s
in
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o
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ti
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g
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n
tro
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a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
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n
ica
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o
n
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e
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h
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ies
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n
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.
[2
]
A
.
U
m
e
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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v
e
ra
g
e
a
n
d
Ra
te
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n
a
l
y
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o
r
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a
ss
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v
e
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IM
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-
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a
b
led
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tero
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e
n
e
o
u
s
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
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il
li
m
e
ter
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a
v
e
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m
a
ll
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ll
s,
”
2
0
1
7
IE
EE
8
5
th
Veh
icu
la
r T
e
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h
n
o
l
o
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n
fer
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n
c
e
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VT
C
S
p
rin
g
)
,
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y
d
n
e
y
,
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W
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
Z.
L
iu
a
n
d
Y.
Ji,
“
In
terc
e
ll
In
terfe
re
n
c
e
Co
o
rd
in
a
t
io
n
u
n
d
e
r
Da
ta
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te
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q
u
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e
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t
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in
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-
A
d
v
a
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tero
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n
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o
u
s Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
”
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
7
9
th
Veh
icu
la
r T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
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n
fer
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c
e
(
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S
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ri
n
g
),
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e
o
u
l
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p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
W
.
X
ia,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Larg
e
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y
ste
m
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Re
so
u
rc
e
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
in
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
W
irele
ss
Ba
c
k
h
a
u
l,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
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(
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)
,
p
p
.
5
0
4
0
-
5
0
5
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
W
.
X
ia,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
i
c
ien
t
tas
k
sc
h
e
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li
n
g
a
n
d
re
so
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rc
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ll
o
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ti
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n
d
o
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li
n
k
C
-
RA
N,
”
2
0
1
8
IEE
E
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
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n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
W
CNC),
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rc
e
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n
a
,
S
p
a
in
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
H.
S
.
Jo
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
terf
e
re
n
c
e
m
it
i
g
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
u
p
li
n
k
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
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tro
l
f
o
r
t
w
o
-
ti
e
r
fe
m
to
c
e
ll
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
W
ire
l.
Co
mm
un
,
v
o
l.
8,
pp.
4
9
0
6
-
4
9
1
0
,
2
0
0
9
.
[7
]
H.
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Re
so
u
rc
e
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
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in
sp
e
c
tru
m
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sh
a
rin
g
OFDM
A
f
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m
to
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e
ll
s
w
it
h
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
se
rv
ice
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
C
o
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
pp.
2
3
6
6
-
2
3
7
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
T
.
M
a
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Distrib
u
ted
e
n
e
rg
y
-
e
ff
icie
n
t
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
m
a
c
ro
f
e
m
to
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Veh
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
pp.
7
1
8
-
7
3
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
A
.
M
.
A
b
d
e
lh
a
d
y
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
-
E
ff
ici
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n
t
Re
so
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rc
e
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ll
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c
a
ti
o
n
f
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r
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h
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n
to
m
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ll
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lar
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
Im
p
e
r
fe
c
t
CS
I,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
16
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
3
7
9
9
-
3
8
1
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
A
.
Be
n
-
T
a
l
a
n
d
A
.
Ne
m
iro
v
sk
i,
“
S
e
lec
ted
T
o
p
ics
in
Ro
b
u
st
Co
n
v
e
x
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,”
M
a
th
.
Pro
g
ra
m
,
v
o
l.
1
1
2
,
pp.
1
2
5
-
158
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
1
]
F
.
Re
z
a
e
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
LT
E
P
HY
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
u
n
d
e
r
3
G
P
P
sta
n
d
a
rd
s
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
,
”
2
0
1
1
IEE
E
1
6
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
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o
mp
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ter
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d
e
d
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
D
e
sig
n
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
L
in
k
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
s
(
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AD),
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to
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p
p
.
1
0
2
-
1
0
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
H.
F
u
k
u
d
o
m
e
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
e
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su
re
m
e
n
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o
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3
.
5
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Hz
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n
d
S
m
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ll
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ll
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d
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t
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ti
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n
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u
lt
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le
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v
iro
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n
ts,
”
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ro
p
e
a
n
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ire
les
s 2
0
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6
;
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2
t
h
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u
ro
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e
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n
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ire
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n
fer
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n
c
e
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l
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in
l
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n
d
,
p
p
.
1
-
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0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
H.
T
a
b
a
ss
u
m
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
M
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O
-
En
a
b
le
d
Do
w
n
li
n
k
W
irele
ss
Ba
c
k
h
a
u
li
n
g
f
o
r
F
u
l
l
-
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p
lex
S
m
a
ll
Ce
ll
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
64
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
2
3
5
4
-
2
3
6
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
E
.
Ku
r
n
iaw
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
G
o
ld
sm
it
h
,
“
Op
ti
m
izin
g
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s
to
m
in
im
ize
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
,
”
Pro
c
.
2
0
1
2
IEE
E
In
t
.
Co
n
f.
Co
m
mu
n
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
E.
Bj¨o
rn
so
n
a
n
d
E.
Jo
rsw
iec
k
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
re
so
u
rc
e
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
in
c
o
o
rd
i
n
a
ted
m
u
lt
i
-
c
e
ll
s
y
st
e
m
s,”
Fo
u
n
d
.
T
re
n
d
s
Co
mm
u
n
.
In
f
.
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
9
(
2
-
3
)
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
-
3
8
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
6
]
H.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Do
w
n
li
n
k
En
e
r
g
y
E
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
W
irele
ss
Ba
c
k
h
a
u
l
Ba
n
d
w
id
th
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
in
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
S
m
a
ll
Ce
ll
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
66
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
5
-
1
7
1
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
A
.
S
.
T
h
y
a
g
a
tu
ru
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
DN
-
Ba
se
d
S
m
a
rt
Ga
te
w
a
y
s
(S
m
-
GW
s)
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
-
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e
ra
to
r
S
m
a
l
l
Ce
ll
Ne
t
w
o
r
k
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
13
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
7
4
0
-
7
5
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
J.
G
.
A
n
d
re
w
s,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
trac
tab
le
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
c
o
v
e
ra
g
e
a
n
d
ra
te
in
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
C
o
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
59
(
11
)
,
p
p
.
3
1
2
2
-
3
1
3
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
9
]
S
.
P
.
W
e
b
e
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
w
irel
e
ss
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
o
u
tag
e
c
o
n
stra
in
ts,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
f.
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e:
51
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
4
0
9
1
-
4
1
0
2
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
0
]
F
.
Ba
c
c
e
ll
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
A
lo
h
a
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
m
u
lt
ih
o
p
m
o
b
il
e
w
irele
s
s
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
f
.
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
52
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
4
2
1
-
4
3
6
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
1
]
A
.
M
.
Hu
n
ter,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
ra
n
sm
is
sio
n
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
sp
a
ti
a
l
d
iv
e
rsity
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
5
0
5
8
-
5
0
7
1
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
2
]
R.
H.
Y.
L
o
u
ie,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Op
e
n
-
lo
o
p
sp
a
ti
a
l
m
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
a
n
d
d
iv
e
rsity
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
in
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
f.
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
57
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
1
7
-
3
4
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
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2602
2602
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3
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P
.
R.
L
i
a
n
d
K.
T
.
F
e
n
g
,
“
En
e
rg
y
-
E
ff
ici
e
n
t
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
A
c
c
e
ss
f
o
r
Du
a
l
-
Ba
n
d
S
m
a
ll
Ce
ll
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s,
”
GLOBE
COM
2
0
1
7
-
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
Glo
b
a
l
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
4
]
D.
S
to
y
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
t
o
c
h
a
stic G
e
o
m
e
tr
y
a
n
d
Its
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,”
W
il
e
y
,
1
9
8
7
.
[2
5
]
F
.
Ba
c
c
e
ll
i
a
n
d
B.
Błas
z
c
z
y
sz
y
n
,
“
S
to
c
h
a
stic
G
e
o
m
e
tr
y
a
n
d
W
irele
ss
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
,”
No
w
P
u
b
li
s
h
e
rs In
c
.
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
6
]
M
.
Ha
e
n
g
g
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
t
o
c
h
a
stic
g
e
o
m
e
tr
y
a
n
d
ra
n
d
o
m
g
ra
p
h
s
f
o
r
th
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
w
ire
les
s
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
J
.
S
e
l.
Are
a
s C
o
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
27
(
7
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
2
9
-
1
0
4
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
7
]
J.
Zh
a
n
g
a
n
d
J.
A
n
d
re
ws
,
“
Dis
tri
b
u
te
d
a
n
ten
n
a
s
y
ste
m
s
w
it
h
ra
n
d
o
m
n
e
ss
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
(
9
)
,
p
p
.
3
6
3
6
-
3
6
4
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
8
]
V
.
Ch
a
n
d
ra
se
k
h
a
r
a
n
d
J.
A
n
d
re
w
s,
“
S
p
e
c
tru
m
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
in
ti
e
r
e
d
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Co
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
57
(
10
)
,
p
p
.
3
0
5
9
-
3
0
6
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
9
]
W
.
C.
Ch
e
u
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
sp
e
c
tr
u
m
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
a
c
c
e
ss
c
o
n
tro
l
in
tw
o
-
ti
e
r
f
e
m
to
c
e
ll
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
J
.
S
e
l.
Are
a
s C
o
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
30
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
5
6
1
-
5
7
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
0
]
D.
Ca
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Op
t
im
a
l
b
a
se
sta
ti
o
n
d
e
n
sity
f
o
r
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ffi
c
ien
t
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
Pro
c
.
2
0
1
2
IEE
E
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Co
mm
u
n
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
1
]
H.
Dh
il
l
o
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
K
-
ti
e
r
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
c
e
ll
u
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
J
.
S
e
l.
Are
a
s
Co
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
30
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
5
5
0
-
5
6
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
2
]
I
.
F
.
Ch
a
o
a
n
d
C
.
S
.
C
h
i
o
u
,
“
An
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
f
a
ir
sc
h
e
d
u
l
in
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
m
a
x
i
m
i
z
e
Qo
S
traff
ic
in
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
OFDM
A
s
y
ste
m
s,
”
2
0
1
3
IE
EE
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
W
CNC),
S
h
a
n
g
h
a
i
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
3
]
O
.
Rio
u
l
a
n
d
J
.
C
.
M
a
g
o
ss
i,
“
On
S
h
a
n
n
o
n
’s
F
o
rm
u
la
a
n
d
Ha
rtl
e
y
’
s
Ru
le:
Be
y
o
n
d
th
e
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
Co
in
c
id
e
n
c
e
,
”
En
tro
p
y
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
6
(9
),
p
p
.
4
8
9
2
-
4
9
1
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
4
]
A
.
H.
A
ra
n
i,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Distrib
u
ted
l
e
a
rn
in
g
f
o
r
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
i
c
ien
t
re
so
u
rc
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
se
lf
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
ne
tw
o
rk
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Veh
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
6
6
,
p
p
.
9
2
8
7
-
9
3
0
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
5
]
H.
J.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Do
w
n
li
n
k
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
w
irele
ss
b
a
c
k
h
a
u
l
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s sm
a
ll
c
e
ll
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
C
o
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l.
95,
p
p
.
1
-
13
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
6
]
P
.
S
e
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
M
.
Re
issle
in
,
“
V
id
e
o
T
ra
n
sp
o
rt
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
w
it
h
H.2
6
4
V
i
d
e
o
T
ra
c
e
s,
”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s
&
T
u
to
ria
ls
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
14
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
2
-
1
1
6
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
7
]
C
.
Bo
u
ra
s,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
si
m
u
latio
n
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
lt
e
-
a
s
y
ste
m
s
w
it
h
fe
m
to
c
e
ll
o
v
e
rla
y
s
,
”
A
CM
Ne
w
Y
o
rk
,
NY
,
USA
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
8
]
M
.
S
h
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
He
t
e
ro
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Ce
ll
u
lar
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
H
A
RQ
u
n
d
e
r
Co
rre
late
d
In
terf
e
re
n
c
e
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
16
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
8
3
7
7
-
8
3
8
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
9
]
Ev
o
lv
e
d
Un
iv
e
rsa
l
T
e
rre
st
rial
R
a
d
io
A
c
c
e
ss
(E
-
U
T
R
A
)
,
“
Ra
d
io
Re
so
u
rc
e
Co
n
tro
l
(RRC)
,”
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
,
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
T
S
3
6
.
3
3
1
,
Re
v
.
1
2
.
5
.
0
,
3
G
P
P
,
2
0
1
5
.
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