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[
4
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f
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p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
w
in
d
d
iesel
h
y
b
r
id
P
o
w
er
S
y
s
te
m
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
Static
V
AR
C
o
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
(
SVC
)
an
d
Static
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
(
ST
A
T
C
OM
)
]
w
i
th
lo
ad
eith
e
r
s
tatic
(
ex
p
o
n
en
tial
t
y
p
e)
o
r
s
tatic
p
lu
s
d
y
n
a
m
ic.
So
m
e
g
o
o
d
w
o
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
,
b
u
t,
th
e
p
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
o
f
th
e
SVC
/
ST
A
T
C
OM
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
w
er
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
w
h
ile
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
au
to
m
atic
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
(
A
V
R
)
o
f
SG
ex
c
itatio
n
co
n
t
r
o
l
w
er
e
f
i
x
ed
,
h
en
ce
ca
n
n
o
t
ass
u
r
e
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
co
-
o
p
er
ativ
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
1
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
w
in
d
d
iesel
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
H∞
lo
o
p
s
h
ap
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
SVC
a
n
d
AVR
w
i
th
s
tatic
lo
ad
o
n
l
y
.
I
n
t
h
eir
w
o
r
k
,
SVC
an
d
AVR
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
ain
s
w
er
e
o
p
ti
m
all
y
tu
n
ed
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
ag
r
ee
ab
ly
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
th
e
g
a
i
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
SV
C
an
d
A
V
R
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
w
er
e
o
p
ti
m
i
ze
d
f
o
r
ar
b
itra
r
y
lo
ad
ch
an
g
e
w
it
h
a
f
i
x
ed
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
est
b
y
th
e
I
G,
w
h
ic
h
is
n
'
t
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
in
[
1
2
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
SV
C
an
d
A
V
R
f
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e
p
r
o
f
ile
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
is
la
n
d
ed
h
y
b
r
id
w
i
n
d
–
d
iesel
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
s
tatic
lo
ad
m
o
d
el
o
n
l
y
,
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
1
3
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
ar
ti
f
icia
l
b
ee
co
lo
n
y
an
d
g
r
a
y
w
o
l
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
f
o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
in
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
s
ta
tic
lo
ad
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
ST
A
T
C
OM
an
d
A
V
R
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
o
p
tim
all
y
tu
n
ed
f
o
r
s
tep
lo
ad
ch
an
g
e
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
v
er
y
a
g
r
ee
ab
l
y
w
it
h
s
tatic
lo
ad
m
o
d
el.
Ho
w
ev
er
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
o
n
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
tatic
lo
ad
as
w
ell
a
s
s
tep
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
n
o
t
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le,
in
p
r
ac
tical
s
itu
ati
o
n
.
Fro
m
a
b
o
v
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
n
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
in
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
er
e
is
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
ized
co
o
r
d
in
ate
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
in
v
er
ter
an
d
SG)
u
n
d
er
ch
an
g
i
n
g
lo
ad
(
co
m
p
o
s
ite
lo
a
d
-
r
ea
lis
tic
lo
ad
)
an
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
d
itio
n
.
A
P
V
in
v
er
ter
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
n
o
n
-
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
s
o
b
lig
ed
b
y
i
ts
ap
p
ar
en
t
p
o
w
er
[
1
4
]
,
is
a
f
ast
ac
tin
g
,
h
as
s
u
p
er
io
r
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
p
u
t
o
f
f
t
h
e
n
ee
d
o
f
a
s
ep
ar
ate
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
,
ex
tr
a
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
,
P
V
-
in
v
er
ter
is
a
co
n
v
in
c
in
g
an
s
w
er
to
ad
d
r
ess
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
in
OGHP
S.
P
V
in
v
er
ter
w
i
th
s
u
r
p
lu
s
V
AR
ca
p
ac
it
y
as
a
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
i
n
OGHP
S is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
au
t
h
o
r
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
co
o
r
d
in
ate
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
P
V
i
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
A
V
R
to
co
n
tr
o
l
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
OGHP
S
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
etailed
co
m
p
o
s
ite
lo
ad
.
T
w
o
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
d
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
in
v
er
ter
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
is
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
lin
g
th
e
SG
e
x
citatio
n
b
y
A
V
R
.
T
h
e
b
o
th
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
h
a
v
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
w
i
th
a
s
i
n
g
le
i
n
p
u
t.
T
o
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
e
r
ea
lis
tic
f
ea
t
u
r
es
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
b
o
th
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
o
p
ti
m
ized
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
I
f
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
n
o
t
tu
n
ed
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
,
m
a
y
lead
to
o
s
cillato
r
y
,
s
lu
g
g
i
s
h
co
n
tr
o
l
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
in
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
-
ca
s
e
s
itu
a
tio
n
w
o
u
ld
r
esu
lt
i
n
co
ll
ap
s
e
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
s
o
m
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
b
ased
o
n
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
d
ex
cr
iter
ia
av
ailab
le
i
n
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
ller
tu
n
in
g
,
b
u
t
t
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
d
o
n
o
t
g
iv
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
es
u
lt
w
h
e
n
th
e
co
n
d
it
io
n
i
s
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
s
ev
er
al
g
ai
n
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
16
-
18
]
.
I
n
th
e
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
o
p
ti
m
al
t
u
n
i
n
g
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
i
n
g
in
te
lli
g
en
t
s
w
ar
m
b
a
s
ed
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
B
ac
ter
ial
Fo
r
ag
in
g
Alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
B
FA
)
h
a
s
g
r
ab
b
ed
atten
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
[
19,
20
]
.
E
n
h
an
ce
d
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
B
F
A
(
E
B
FA
)
is
a
n
o
v
el
m
eth
o
d
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
in
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
al
t
u
n
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
Op
ti
m
al
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
esig
n
i
n
g
i
s
m
ai
n
l
y
t
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
a
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
f
u
n
ct
io
n
(
f
it
n
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
)
,
w
h
ic
h
d
ec
id
es
n
ec
ess
ar
y
co
n
tr
o
l a
ctio
n
.
I
n
th
e
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
io
n
,
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
O
G
HP
S
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
ite
lo
ad
m
o
d
el,
with
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
a
n
d
A
V
R
t
u
n
ed
i
n
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
E
B
FA
w
h
en
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
v
ar
y
in
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
2.
Off
-
g
rid hy
brid po
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
co
nfig
ura
t
io
ns
(
O
G
H
P
S)
T
h
e
OGHP
S
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
is
i
llu
s
t
r
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
o
f
SG
(
Diese
l
E
n
g
i
n
e)
w
it
h
a
n
ex
citatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
I
G
(
v
ar
iab
le
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
tu
r
b
in
e)
,
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
in
ter
f
ac
ed
w
ith
an
i
n
v
er
ter
(
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
)
an
d
a
f
ix
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
an
k
(
FC
)
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
to
I
G
at
s
tead
y
s
ta
te.
I
n
t
h
is
test
s
y
s
te
m
,
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
lo
ad
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
clo
s
e
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
45
86
-
4
5
97
4588
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
est s
y
s
te
m
(
O
GHP
S)
3.
VO
L
T
A
G
E
-
RE
AC
T
I
VE
P
O
WE
R
E
Q
U
AT
I
O
N
W
h
en
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
i
n
a
s
tead
y
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tate
co
n
d
it
io
n
,
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e
p
o
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er
b
alan
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OGHP
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atic
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I
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1
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3
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ti
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PI
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Eq.
Eq.
SG
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o
a
d
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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4.
P
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Fig
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4
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g
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n
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Step
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Step
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E
B
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A
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lied
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s
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e
f
o
r
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p
tim
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p
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o
b
le
m
d
escr
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in
(
1
0
)
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
(
1
1
)
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
in
(
1
1
)
,
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
f
r
o
m
th
e
ea
r
lier
w
o
r
k
[
1
5
]
.
5.
E
NH
ANC
E
D
B
ACTR
I
A
F
O
R
AG
I
N
G
AL
G
O
R
I
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H
M
(
E
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M
AL
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NG
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CO
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ag
i
n
g
tech
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iq
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f
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.
co
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b
ac
t
er
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[
3
0
]
.
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i
s
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r
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p
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b
y
[
3
1
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f
o
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r
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o
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o
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o
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i
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g
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s
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f
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ce
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[
3
2
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T
h
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[
3
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3
4
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[
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I
n
P
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v
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I
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e
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eter
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(
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If
I
T
SE
(
I
,
J+1
,
R
,
E
d
)
<
I
T
SE
last
(
b
ac
ter
iu
m
m
o
v
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
)
t
h
en
I
T
SE
last
=
I
T
SE
(
I
,
J
+1
,
R
,
E
d
)
,
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
b
ac
ter
iu
m
a
s
P(
I
,
J
+1
,R,Ed
)
=
P
(
I
,
J
+1
,
R
,
E
d
)+
S
(
I
)
∆
(
I
)
.
-
E
ls
e,
m
=
N
SW
(
E
n
d
o
f
lo
o
p
)
e.
I
f
I
≠
Nb
to
s
tep
4
b
f
o
r
a
n
ex
t
b
ac
ter
iu
m
(
I
=
I
+1
)
Step
6
.
C
alcu
late
th
e
lo
ca
l b
est p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
g
lo
b
al
b
est p
o
s
itio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
b
ac
ter
iu
m
Step
7
.
U
p
d
ate
ea
ch
b
ac
ter
iu
m
v
elo
cit
y
u
s
in
g
eq
u
at
io
n
o
f
P
SO a
s
(
J
+
1
)
=
ω
(
J
)
+
1
1
(
−
)
+
2
2
(
−
)
,
u
p
d
ated
v
el
o
cit
y
o
f
ea
c
h
b
ac
ter
iu
m
is
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
v
ec
to
r
∆
(
I
)
f
o
r
n
ex
t c
h
e
m
o
tacti
c
s
tep
.
Step
8
.
I
f
J
<
ℎ
,
g
o
to
s
tep
4
Step
9
.
R
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
-
C
alcu
late
th
e
h
ea
l
th
o
f
t
h
e
ea
ch
b
ac
ter
iu
m
af
ter
co
m
p
leti
n
g
N
Ch
,
ch
e
m
o
tactic
s
te
p
s
.
ITS
E
heal
t
h
I
=
∑
ITS
E
(
I
,
J
,
R
,
Ed
)
N
Ch
+
1
J
=
1
.
S
o
r
t
ITS
E
heal
t
h
I
in
ascen
d
in
g
o
r
d
er
.
T
h
e
b
ac
ter
ia
w
it
h
th
e
h
ig
h
er
ITS
E
he
al
t
h
I
v
alu
e
,
w
i
ll
d
ie
an
d
o
th
er
h
ea
l
th
y
b
ac
ter
ia
g
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
th
e
m
ai
n
tai
n
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Step
1
0
.
I
f
R
<
th
en
g
o
to
s
tep
(
2
)
,
Step
1
1
.
E
li
m
i
n
atio
n
-
d
i
s
p
er
s
al
: Fo
r
I
=
1
to
Nb
,
b
ac
ter
iu
m
h
a
v
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
v
al
u
e
les
s
th
a
n
,
g
et
eli
m
i
n
ated
an
d
d
is
p
er
s
ed
to
a
r
an
d
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
th
e
s
e
ar
ch
s
p
ac
e
an
d
o
th
er
b
ac
ter
iu
m
m
a
in
ta
in
th
eir
p
o
s
itio
n
Step
1
2
.
I
f
E
d
<
,
g
o
to
s
tep
2
,
else e
n
d
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
s
tep
s
o
f
E
B
F
A
,
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
is
w
r
i
tt
en
i
n
M
A
T
L
A
B
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
a
l
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
E
B
FA
is
g
i
v
en
i
n
A
p
p
en
d
i
x
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
45
86
-
4
5
97
4592
6.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
T
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
o
f
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
o
f
O
G
HP
S
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
b
alan
ce
eq
u
atio
n
,
i
s
b
u
ild
in
s
i
m
u
lin
k
an
d
s
i
m
u
lated
in
Si
m
u
l
n
ik
w
it
h
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
P
V
in
v
er
ter
an
d
A
VR
ar
e
o
p
tim
a
ll
y
t
u
n
ed
u
s
in
g
E
B
F
A
an
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
e
th
o
d
.
O
GHP
S
s
i
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
is
te
s
ted
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
ca
s
es
.
(
Step
c
h
an
g
e
a
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
lo
ad
p
lu
s
w
in
d
p
o
w
er
)
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
o
f
s
tat
e
v
ar
iab
les f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
,
a.
C
ase
1
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
s
tep
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
o
f
5
% o
f
r
ea
cti
v
e
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
Q
L
T
h
e
ti
m
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
es
o
f
d
ev
iat
io
n
in
s
tate
v
ar
iab
le
s
u
ch
a
s
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e,
in
v
er
ter
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
SG
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
an
d
I
G
f
o
r
a
5
%
s
tep
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
r
ea
ctiv
e
lo
ad
at
t=
0
Sec,
at
th
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
in
p
u
t
to
t
h
e
I
G
an
d
1
%
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
P
V
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
a
r
e
i
llu
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
-
(
d
)
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
in
s
tead
y
s
ta
te,
p
r
io
r
to
ch
an
g
e
i
n
r
ea
cti
v
e
lo
ad
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
Fro
m
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
-
(
d
)
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
i
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
to
m
it
ig
ate
t
h
e
lo
ad
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
AVR
o
f
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
er
ato
r
in
itial
l
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
y
tak
i
n
g
ac
tio
n
to
m
a
in
tai
n
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
es
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
(
a
)
-
(
d
)
,
it
is
e
v
id
e
n
t
t
h
at
co
n
tr
o
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
s
u
c
h
as
P
ea
k
v
al
u
e,
Osci
llatio
n
a
n
d
s
ettlin
g
o
f
s
tate
v
ar
i
ab
les
ar
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
i
n
c
ase
o
f
E
B
F
A
b
ased
Op
ti
m
al
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
10
(
a
)
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
Δ
V
,
(
b
)
T
r
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
Δ
Q
IN
,
(
c)
T
r
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
Δ
Q
SG
,
(
d
)
T
r
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
Δ
Q
IG
b.
C
ase
2
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
1
0
% Step
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
in
r
ea
cti
v
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
as
w
e
ll a
s
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
T
h
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
d
ev
iatio
n
i
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
tate
v
ar
i
ab
le
s
u
c
h
as
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
,
SG
an
d
I
G
f
o
r
th
e
s
tep
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
0
.
1
p
.
u
.
(
1
0
%
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
itial
s
tead
y
s
tate
v
al
u
e)
i
n
b
o
th
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
lo
ad
in
g
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
,
w
ith
1
%
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
P
V
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
at
t=0
Sec,
i
s
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
(
a)
-
(
d
)
.
A
s
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
f
lu
ct
u
ate
s
,
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
in
p
u
t
to
I
G
ch
an
g
e
s
,
s
lip
ch
a
n
g
es,
h
en
ce
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
I
G
ch
a
n
g
es.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
d
e
m
a
n
d
is
ΔQ
IG
+
Δ
Q
L
.
Du
e
to
in
v
er
ter
an
d
A
VR
,
th
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
ated
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
ar
ie
s
to
f
u
l
f
il
t
h
e
d
e
m
an
d
,
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ev
iati
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
Op
tima
l c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
d
esig
n
fo
r
vo
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l in
o
ff
-
g
r
id
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er sys
tem
(
Ha
r
s
h
a
A
n
a
n
tw
a
r
)
4593
Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
(
a)
-
(
d
)
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
s
ta
te
v
ar
iab
les
r
eg
ain
ed
s
tead
y
s
ta
te
co
n
d
itio
n
q
u
ic
k
l
y
w
it
h
E
B
F
A
co
n
tr
o
l
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
∆V
an
d
∆Q
SG
,
b
ec
o
m
e
s
ze
r
o
ar
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
(
a)
an
d
(
c)
.
T
h
e
P
ea
k
v
alu
e
an
d
Osc
illatio
n
o
f
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
i
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
E
B
F
A
.
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c
)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
a)
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
Δ
V
,
(
b
)
T
r
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
Δ
Q
IN
,
(
c)
T
r
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
Δ
Q
SG
,
(
d
)
T
r
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
Δ
Q
IG
c.
C
ase
3
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
r
an
d
o
m
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
i
n
r
ea
ctiv
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
as
w
ell
a
s
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
in
p
u
t to
I
G.
I
n
OGHP
S
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
lo
ad
is
lar
g
el
y
r
esid
en
tial
an
d
co
m
m
er
cial
t
y
p
e.
T
h
e
lo
ad
is
f
l
u
c
tu
ati
n
g
a
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
.
W
in
d
p
o
w
er
is
i
n
ter
m
itte
n
t
i
n
n
atu
r
e
d
u
e
to
f
l
u
ct
u
ati
n
g
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
r
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d
o
m
v
ar
ia
tio
n
i
n
lo
ad
an
d
w
in
d
p
o
w
er
i
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
12
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
.
T
h
is
ca
s
e
also
co
n
s
id
er
s
a
1
%
in
cr
e
ase
in
P
V
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
th
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
s
tate
v
ar
iab
le
f
o
r
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
r
ea
ctiv
e
lo
ad
an
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
12
(
c)
-
(
f
)
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ev
iat
io
n
d
u
e
to
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an
d
o
m
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
c
es
is
s
u
p
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
ac
tio
n
o
f
in
v
er
ter
an
d
AVR,
b
y
g
e
n
er
atin
g
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
to
b
alan
ce
s
y
s
t
e
m
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
,
as
th
e
P
V
in
v
e
r
ter
is
o
v
er
s
ized
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
r
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ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
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n
w
h
en
t
h
er
e
is
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
P
V
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
ar
r
ay
.
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t
is
clea
r
f
r
o
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
(
c)
-
(
f
)
,
th
a
t
co
-
o
r
d
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atel
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o
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ized
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eth
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b
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y
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a
m
ic
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itio
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co
n
tr
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ller
p
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m
eter
s
o
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ed
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B
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A
f
o
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ca
s
e
2
ar
e
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iv
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n
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t
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T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ev
iatio
n
(
p
.
u
)
f
o
r
1
0
%
r
ea
ctiv
e
lo
ad
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g
p
l
u
s
1
0
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w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
ch
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n
g
e
(
ca
s
e
2
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f
o
r
E
B
FA
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
OGHP
S
s
y
s
te
m
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
E
B
FA
t
u
n
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
(
I
n
v
er
ter
an
d
A
V
R
)
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
tu
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
(
I
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
A
V
R
)
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
ett
lin
g
ti
m
e
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
13
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
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m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
1
9
:
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86
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4
5
97
4594
(
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(
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(
c)
(
d
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(
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Fig
u
r
e
1
2
(
a)
.
R
an
d
o
m
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
in
r
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cti
v
e
p
o
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lo
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,
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d
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m
d
ev
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w
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p
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e
o
f
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,
(
f
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an
s
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t r
esp
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s
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o
f
Δ
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IG
T
ab
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1
.
I
n
v
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ter
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eter
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ab
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I
n
t J
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&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
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Op
tima
l c
o
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tr
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ller
s
d
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n
fo
r
vo
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e
co
n
tr
o
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o
ff
-
g
r
id
h
y
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tem
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r
s
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a
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n
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n
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r
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u
r
e
1
3
.
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n
g
ti
m
e
f
o
r
s
ta
te
v
ar
iab
les o
f
t
h
e
OGHP
S (
ca
s
e
2
)
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Vo
ltag
e
/
V
A
R
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
O
G
HP
S
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
a
co
m
p
o
s
ite
lo
ad
m
o
d
el
w
i
th
o
p
ti
m
all
y
d
esi
g
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
er
ter
a
n
d
AVR
is
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
f
o
r
th
e
s
m
al
l
s
ig
n
al
v
o
lta
g
e
p
r
o
f
ile
s
t
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
e
r
–
v
o
ltag
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
O
G
HP
S
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
co
m
p
o
s
ite
lo
ad
m
o
d
el
is
b
u
ild
in
S
i
m
u
l
n
i
k
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
h
av
e
co
o
r
d
in
ated
co
n
tr
o
l
in
v
er
te
r
an
d
A
V
R
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
u
s
in
g
E
B
F
A
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
in
lo
ad
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
.
S
i
m
u
latio
n
is
also
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
r
ea
lis
tic
ch
an
g
e
i
n
lo
ad
an
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
i.e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
r
e
ac
tiv
e
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
an
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
,
to
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
E
B
F
A
b
ased
o
p
ti
m
al
t
u
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
o
f
in
v
er
ter
an
d
A
V
R
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
ab
o
v
e
s
ec
t
io
n
,
it
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
s
tat
e
v
ar
iab
les
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
f
o
r
E
B
FA
o
p
ti
m
ized
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
E
B
F
A
o
p
ti
m
ized
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
i
s
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
ea
k
d
ev
iatio
n
an
d
s
ettli
n
g
ti
m
e
f
o
r
all
s
y
s
te
m
s
tate
v
ar
iab
les.
Fro
m
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
i
t
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
clu
d
ed
th
a
t
E
B
F
A
t
u
n
ed
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
in
v
er
ter
an
d
A
V
R
h
av
e
a
b
etter
co
n
tr
o
l
e
f
f
ec
t
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
v
o
ltag
e
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
b
y
b
alan
ci
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
w
e
r
.
E
B
FA
co
n
tr
o
lled
OGHP
S
w
o
r
k
ed
r
o
b
u
s
t
e
v
en
u
n
d
er
ar
b
itra
r
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
,
h
e
n
ce
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OGHP
S is
en
h
a
n
ce
d
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
w
o
r
k
p
r
ese
n
t
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
ar
e
:
-
C
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
co
m
p
o
s
ite
lo
ad
as r
ea
lis
tic
lo
ad
in
OGHP
S
-
C
o
o
r
d
in
ated
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
P
V
in
v
er
ter
an
d
A
V
R
-
Desig
n
o
f
o
p
ti
m
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
P
V
in
v
er
ter
an
d
A
V
R
f
o
r
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
as
w
ell
a
s
r
an
d
o
m
ch
a
n
g
e
in
co
m
p
o
s
i
te
lo
ad
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
h
a
s
o
p
en
ed
a
r
esea
r
ch
ar
ea
f
o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
t
o
m
ai
n
tai
n
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
b
y
o
p
ti
m
u
m
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
P
V
in
v
er
ter
a
n
d
AVR o
f
SG in
a
s
m
all
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
v
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
s
ite
lo
ad
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
Ka
ld
e
ll
is
e
t
a
l
,
S
ta
n
d
-
Al
o
n
e
a
n
d
Hy
b
ri
d
W
in
d
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
r
a
g
e
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
W
o
o
d
h
e
a
d
P
u
b
li
sh
i
n
g
L
im
it
e
d
,
Ju
l
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
M
.
R.
P
a
tel,
W
in
d
a
n
d
so
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
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sig
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.
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