Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
,
No.
6
,
D
ece
m
ber
201
8
, pp.
50
80
~
50
88
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
50
80
-
50
88
5080
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
New
Tw
o Simpl
e Si
nu
soidal Genera
tors w
ith Four
45
o
Ph
ase
Sh
ifted Vo
lt
age
Outpu
ts
U
sing Si
ngle FD
CCII an
d Groun
ded
Compon
ents
Ka
sim
K. Ab
d
alla
Depa
rte
m
ent of Elect
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
Co
ll
eg
e of
Engi
n
ee
rin
g,
Univer
sit
y
of
Ba
b
y
lon
,
Ir
aq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
30
, 201
7
Re
vised
Ju
l
2
,
201
8
Accepte
d
J
ul
24
, 2
01
8
Two
new
45
o
p
hase
shifte
d
sin
usoidal
oscil
l
at
o
r
conf
igura
t
ions
emplo
y
in
g
single
Second
Gene
ration
Full
y
Diff
ere
n
ti
a
l
C
urre
nt
Conv
e
y
or
(FD
CCII),
two
grounde
d
c
apa
c
it
ors
and
t
wo
grounde
d
r
esistors
are
pr
e
sente
d.
The
proposed
oscil
lators
ca
n
provide
four
sinusoidal
volt
ag
e
output
s
with
each
a
45
o
phase
d
iffe
r
enc
e
.
The
se
ci
r
cui
ts
ca
n
al
so
b
e
utili
ze
d
as
vo
lt
ag
e
-
m
ode
quadr
at
ur
e
oscill
at
ors.
Addit
iona
l
output
stag
es
in
cor
pora
t
ion
in
F
DCCII
ca
n
al
so
result
in
cu
rre
nt
output
s
spac
ed
45
degr
ee
apa
rt
.
The
prop
osed
ci
rcu
i
ts
enj
o
y
the
sim
pl
ic
ity
and
l
ess
passive
and
a
ctive
component.
The
Tota
l
Harm
onic
Distorti
on
(THD)
of
the
output
wa
vef
orm
s
was
re
asona
bi
l
i
t
y
val
ues
(l
ess
tha
n
4.
5%).
The
ci
r
c
uit
s
ca
n
suppl
y
t
wo
equi
-
quadr
ature
output
s
and
the
Li
ss
aj
ou
s
pat
te
rns
conf
ir
m
the
quadr
a
tur
e
voltage
ou
tput
wave
form
s.
The
workabi
l
ity
of
the
ci
rcu
it
s
is
sim
ula
te
d
by
PS
PICE
0.
18
µm
CMOS
te
chno
log
y
.
Th
e
non
-
ide
a
l
a
naly
s
is
and
sim
ula
ti
on
results
ver
if
y
ing
the
ore
ti
c
al a
na
l
yses a
re
al
so
inves
ti
gat
ed
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Acti
ve
RC
circ
uit
An
al
og circ
uit
An
al
og sig
nal
processi
ng
Fu
ll
y dif
fer
e
ntial
cu
r
ren
t
conveyo
r
(FD
CC
)
Mult
iph
ase
sin
us
oi
dal
os
ci
ll
at
or
V
oltage
-
m
od
e
os
ci
ll
at
or
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ute of
Ad
v
ance
d
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Sc
ie
n
ce
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Kasim
K
. Ab
da
ll
a
,
Dep
a
rtem
ent o
f
Ele
ct
rical
E
nginee
rin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
y o
f B
abyl
on,
Naj
a
f
R
oad,
Hill
a, Babyl
on, Ir
aq.
Em
a
il
:
kasi
m
kaa.11@g
m
ai
l
.
c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
a
nalo
g
ci
rc
uit
desig
n,
si
nuso
i
dal
os
ci
ll
at
or
s
are
li
nea
r
ci
rcu
it
s
an
d
represe
nt
i
m
po
rta
nt
basic
blo
c
ks
in
el
e
ct
ric
an
d
el
e
ct
ronic
en
gine
erin
g
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s,
as
f
or
exam
ple
in
sign
al
proc
essing,
instru
m
entat
ion
,
m
easur
em
e
nt,
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
an
d
co
nt
ro
l
syst
e
m
s
[1
-
5
]
.
Ma
ny
ty
pes
of
m
ultip
ha
se
sinu
s
oid
al
os
ci
ll
at
or
s
(MS
Os
)
ha
ve
var
i
ou
s
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
.
T
he
y
can
be
f
oun
d
in
te
le
com
mu
nicat
io
ns
for
ph
a
se
m
od
ulators,
qu
adr
at
ur
e
m
ixers
[
6
]
a
nd
sin
gl
e
-
side
band
ge
ner
at
or
s
[
7
]
,
f
or
m
easur
em
e
nt
pur
poses
in
vecto
r
gen
e
r
at
ors
or s
el
ect
ive voltm
e
te
rs
[
8
]
or i
n p
ow
e
r
el
ect
r
on
i
c syst
e
m
[
9
].
Nu
m
erous
m
ulti
ph
ase
si
nuso
i
d
os
ci
ll
at
or
ci
r
cuits
em
plo
yi
ng
diff
e
re
nt
ty
pe
s
of
act
ive
el
e
m
ents
su
c
h
as
operati
onal
transc
onduct
an
ce
am
plifie
r
(O
TA
),
c
urre
nt
feedbac
k
op
e
rati
on
al
am
plifie
r
(CF
OA),
c
urren
t
diff
e
re
ncin
g
buf
fer
e
d
am
plifie
r
(C
DBA),
c
urren
t
dif
fer
e
nc
ing
t
ran
sc
onduct
ance
am
plifie
r
(C
DTA)
c
urrent
conveyo
rs (CC
s)
a
nd it
s d
if
fere
nt v
a
riat
ions
hav
e
b
ee
n re
ported
i
n
the
li
te
ratur
e.
[
10
]
-
[
23
]
.
Fu
ll
y
diff
e
re
ntial
sign
al
proce
ssing
ca
n
be
use
d
to
e
xten
d
the
dy
nam
ic
ra
ng
e
of
a
nalo
g
blo
c
ks
[
2
4
].
Ther
e
f
or
e
f
ull
y
diff
ere
ntial
ci
rcu
it
confi
gurati
ons
h
a
ve
been
widel
y
us
ed
in
hig
h
fr
e
quency
analo
g
app
li
cat
io
ns
s
uc
h
as s
witc
h
ca
pacit
or
filt
ers
a
nd m
ute
sta
nd
a
rd
wireless
rec
ei
ver
s
[2
5]
,
[
2
6
]
an
d
t
he
re
fer
e
nces
ci
te
d
therein
.
Re
centl
y
fu
ll
y
diff
e
re
ntial
current
c
onveyo
r
(F
DCC
)
base
d
os
ci
ll
at
or
as
a
sing
le
a
ct
ive
el
e
m
en
t
in the ci
rcu
it
de
sign was
intr
oduce
d
i
n
the
li
te
ratur
e
[2
7
]
-
[
2
9
].
Ther
e
a
re
m
any
pap
ers
wh
ic
h
desi
gn
of
m
ulti
ph
ase
sine
-
w
ave
os
ci
ll
at
or
with
f
our
45
o
ph
a
se
sh
ifte
d
vo
lt
age
ou
t
pu
t
s
us
i
ng
di
ff
e
re
nt
act
ive
a
nd
pa
ssive
c
om
po
ne
nts
in
the
li
te
ratur
e
.
Z
-
c
op
y
vo
lt
age
diff
e
re
ncin
g
transc
onduct
an
ce
am
plifie
r
(ZC
-
V
DT
A)
a
nd
fi
ve
passive
el
e
m
e
nts
are
use
d
in
the
desi
gn
of
[
30
]
,
whil
e
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ne
w Two
Simp
le
S
in
usoid
al
Gen
e
ra
t
or
s wi
th F
our
45
o
Ph
as
e
Shif
te
d
V
oltag
e
O
utputs
…
(
Kasim K. A
bdalla
)
5081
desig
n
of
[
31
]
us
es
sin
gle
Z
-
c
op
y
co
ntr
olled
gain
volt
age
diff
e
ren
ci
ng
c
urr
ent
co
nv
ey
or
(
ZC
-
CG
-
V
DCC)
an
d
four
acti
ve
c
om
po
nen
ts. T
w
o
Dif
fer
e
ntial
V
oltage C
urre
nt Conveyo
rs
(
DV
CC
s
)
an
d
f
our
pa
ssive c
om
po
nen
ts
are
us
ed
in
t
he desig
n of [
32
].
FD
CC
s
ba
sed
vo
lt
age
m
od
e
45
o
ph
a
se
sh
i
ft
ou
t
pu
ts
have
no
t
been
ea
rlie
r
at
tem
pted
in
the
avail
abl
e
li
te
ratur
e. T
his
pap
e
r pr
ese
nts
two ne
w d
ual m
od
e
m
ulti
ph
ase os
ci
ll
at
or
to
po
l
og
ie
s
us
in
g on
ly
a sin
gle F
DCC,
two
cap
aci
tors
and
tw
o
resis
tors.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
topolo
gie
s
are
pr
e
ferre
d
fo
r
IC
fabric
at
ion
due
to
a
ll
the
passive
c
om
ponen
ts
a
re
gr
ound
e
d.
These
t
opol
og
ie
s
ca
n
ge
ner
at
e
f
our
si
nu
s
oi
dal
volt
age
outp
uts
eac
h
with
45
o
ph
ase
dif
fe
ren
ce
. Th
ese t
opol
og
ie
s ca
n
al
so
b
e
util
iz
ed
as v
oltage
-
m
od
e
q
ua
dr
at
ur
e
os
c
il
la
tors.
Add
it
ion
al
Z+
an
d
Z
-
sta
ge
s
inco
rpo
rati
on
in
F
DCCI
I
c
an
al
so
resu
lt
i
n
tw
o
sin
usoid
al
cur
re
nt
-
m
ode
ou
t
pu
ts
eac
h
with
45
o
se
parat
ion.
Si
m
ultaneous
four
c
urre
nt
ou
t
pu
ts
ca
n
al
so
be
ge
ner
at
e
d
with
a
ddit
ion
al
Z
sta
ges
a
nd
t
wo
vo
lt
age
s to
cur
ren
t c
onve
rters
su
c
h
as
CC
II c
onve
rter.
2.
P
R
OP
OSE
D CIRC
UITS
The
F
DCCI
I
w
as intr
oduce
d
by
A
lz
aher,
Elw
an
a
nd
Ism
ai
l in
20
00 [3
3
]
, w
her
e eac
h
of th
e term
inals
has
been
doub
le
d
with
res
pe
ct
to
the
ori
gi
nal
CC
II
.
It
is
an
ei
ght
-
te
rm
inal
analo
g
buil
din
g
blo
c
k
s
how
n
sy
m
bo
li
cal
ly
i
n
Fig
ur
e 1, wh
ere Y
1, Y
2,
Y3 and
Y
4
te
rm
i
nals are
high im
ped
ance term
inals wh
il
e X
+
an
d
X
-
te
rm
inals
are
low
im
ped
anc
e
on
e
s.
T
he
Z
+
and
Z
-
te
rm
inals
ex
hib
it
hi
gh
im
ped
ance
nodes
s
uitabl
e
for
current
outp
uts
.
Figure
1.
Ci
rcui
t s
ym
bo
l of F
DCCII
The
ideal
te
r
m
inal
char
act
erist
ic
s
of
F
DC
CII
can
be
de
fine
d
by
the
hybri
d
m
at
rix
as
giv
e
n
by
Eq
uation 1
.
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
Y
Y
Y
Y
X
X
Z
Z
X
X
V
V
V
V
I
I
I
I
V
V
(
1
)
The pr
opose
d
ci
rcu
it
s ar
e
sho
wn in Fi
gure
2.
(
a
)
C
i
r
c
ui
t
(
I
)
(b)
Ci
rc
uit (II)
Fig
ure
2. Pro
pose
d
ci
rc
uits
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
50
80
-
50
88
5082
Rou
ti
ne
an
al
ys
is of these
circ
uits,
wh
ic
h pro
vid
e
f
our vo
lt
a
ge ou
t
pu
ts
eac
h wit
h 45
o
pha
se d
if
fer
e
nce
yi
el
d
the foll
owin
g
c
har
act
e
r
ist
ic
eq
uatio
n:
(2)
The fre
quency
of o
sci
ll
at
ion (
FO
)
and t
he
c
onditi
on
of o
sci
l
la
ti
on
(
C
O) ca
n be
ob
ta
ine
d a
s
CO:
(3)
FO
:
(4)
Fr
om
Figure
2,
under
ste
a
dy
sta
te
and
de
pe
ndin
g
on
the
F
DCC
te
rm
inal
char
act
e
risti
c
equ
at
io
n,
t
he
currents
I
o1
(I
R1
)
an
d
I
o3
(I
C2
)
are
eq
ual
he
nc
e
the
phase
s
hift
betwee
n
V
o1
and
V
o3
is
90
o
al
so
the
c
urre
nts
I
o2
(I
C1
)
a
nd
I
o4
(I
R2
)ar
e
eq
ual
he
nce
the
phas
e
sh
ift
betwee
n
V
o2
an
d
V
o4
is
90
o
,
ther
ef
or
e
the
relat
ion
shi
p
betwee
n ou
t
pu
t
volt
ages
V
o1
, V
o2
, V
o3
an
d V
o4
are
(5)
(6)
(7)
Ther
e
f
or
e at
o
s
ci
ll
at
ing
f
re
que
n
cy
, it can
be e
asi
ly
sh
own
th
at
(8)
(9)
(10)
It
is
cl
ear
f
rom
equ
at
ion
s
(
8
-
10)
t
hat
the
ph
a
se
diff
e
re
nc
e
bet
ween
V
o1
,
V
o2
,
V
o3
an
d
V
o4
is
45
o
.
Figure
3
e
xpla
ins t
he ph
as
or s
equ
e
nce a
nd a
m
pl
it
ud
e d
ia
gra
m
o
f
t
he ou
t
put v
oltages
.
Fig
ure
3.
P
has
or an
d v
oltage
a
m
plit
ud
e
diag
ram
o
f
the
pro
po
s
ed
sin
usoid
al
g
ene
rato
rs
Also
,
t
he
phas
or
diag
ram
sh
ows
two
e
qui
-
quad
ratu
re
volt
age
outp
uts.
T
he
first
qu
a
drat
ure
os
ci
ll
at
or
has
bee
n
f
or
m
ed
betwe
en
V
o1
and
V
o3
w
hic
h
their
m
agn
it
ud
e
e
qu
al
s
the
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
t
he
oth
e
r
outp
ut
s
of
the
seco
nd
qu
a
dr
at
ur
e
osc
il
la
t
or
re
presente
d
by
V
o2
and
V
o4
.
W
it
h
the
f
our
vo
lt
age
outp
ut
s,
pro
po
se
d
ci
r
cuits
can
sim
ultaneo
us
ly
obta
in
tw
o
c
urren
t
outp
ut
wa
vefo
rm
s
each
with
45
o
s
epar
at
io
n
by
a
dd
i
ng
Z
+
a
nd
Z
-
sta
ges
0
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
G
G
G
C
G
C
s
C
C
s
1
1
2
2
G
C
G
C
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
R
R
C
C
f
o
1
2
3
1
R
sC
V
V
o
o
1
2
3
4
1
2
1
R
sC
V
V
o
o
2
1
2
3
1
R
sC
V
V
o
o
o
4
1
45
*
2
o
o
V
V
o
3
4
45
*
2
1
o
o
V
V
o
2
3
45
*
2
o
o
V
V
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ne
w Two
Simp
le
S
in
usoid
al
Gen
e
ra
t
or
s wi
th F
our
45
o
Ph
as
e
Shif
te
d
V
oltag
e
O
utputs
…
(
Kasim K. A
bdalla
)
5083
inco
rpor
at
io
n
in
F
DCCI
I.
Ge
tt
ing
f
our
cu
rrent
out
pu
t
wa
vefor
m
s
can
be
done
by
ad
di
ng
t
wo
vo
lt
a
ge
t
o
current c
onve
rt
ers
s
uc
h
as CC
II
c
onve
rter a
nd c
onnect th
em
to X
-
a
nd Z
-
te
rm
inals.
3.
NON I
DEAL
ANALY
SIS
In
c
orp
or
at
in
g
t
he
t
wo
sou
rces
of
trac
king
er
r
or
s
int
o
the
ide
al
char
act
e
risti
c
eq
uatio
n
of
the
F
DCCI
I
le
ads
to
4
3
2
1
02
01
24
22
21
13
12
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Y
Y
Y
Y
X
X
Z
Z
X
X
V
V
V
V
I
I
I
I
V
V
(11)
wh
e
re
v
v
e
1
and
)
1
(
v
v
e
e
de
no
te
th
e
dif
f
eren
ti
al
volt
ag
e
trackin
g
e
rror
s
a
nd
i
i
e
1
and
)
1
(
i
i
e
e
de
no
te
t
he
c
urren
t t
rac
ki
ng er
rors.
The n
on
-
ideal
expressi
on for
the outp
ut
vo
lt
ages
of Fig
ure
3
is
giv
e
n by
0
2
1
1
12
2
21
24
22
2
12
11
2
21
1
1
1
12
2
2
2
1
2
G
G
G
C
G
C
s
C
C
s
(12)
The FO
and C
O of
t
he pr
opose
d
ci
rc
uits
under n
on
-
ideal
c
onditi
ons ar
e
now f
ound as
CO:
21
12
24
22
11
2
1
1
1
2
2
G
C
G
C
(13)
FO
:
2
1
1
12
2
1
2
21
2
1
C
C
G
G
f
o
(14)
Fr
om
the a
bove
, th
e act
i
ve
a
nd
passive
se
ns
it
ivit
ie
s o
f
t
he
f
reque
ncy of
osc
il
la
ti
on
are fo
und
a
s
2
1
12
1
2
1
2
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
f
f
f
R
f
R
f
C
f
C
S
S
S
S
S
S
,
2
1
21
2
o
o
f
f
S
S
,
0
13
o
f
S
(15)
The
act
ive
an
d
passi
ve
sen
s
it
ivit
ie
s
of
the
fr
eq
ue
ncy
of
os
ci
ll
at
ion
are
found
to
be
in
the
ra
nge
2
1
2
1
F
x
S
, and
t
he
ci
rc
ui
t, thus, e
njo
ys l
ow sensi
ti
viti
es.
4.
SIMULATI
O
N
RESU
LT
S
The
pro
pose
d
gen
e
rato
r
ci
rcui
ts
hav
e
bee
n
si
m
ulate
d
to
ver
ify
the
theo
reti
cal
analy
sis.
The
volt
a
ge
m
od
e
os
ci
ll
at
or
of
Fig
ur
e
2(I
)
has
been
sel
e
ct
ed
to
ve
rify
the
ci
rcu
it
pe
rfor
m
ance.
The
FD
CC
I
I
was
r
eal
iz
ed
base
d on
the C
MOS im
ple
m
e
ntati
on
from
[
34
]
as s
h
ow
n he
re in Fig
ur
e
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
50
80
-
50
88
5084
Figure
4.
CM
O
S r
eal
iz
at
ion o
f
the FDCC
I
I [34
]
PSPI
CE
sim
ul
at
ion
base
d
upon
a
CM
OS
FD
CC
II
was
i
m
ple
m
ented
us
in
g
0.1
8
µ
m
te
chnolo
gy
wh
e
re t
he
as
pe
ct
r
at
ios
of the
MOSFET
s are
sh
ow
n
in
Ta
ble 1
.
Table
1.
As
pec
t rati
os
of MO
SFETs
MOS
t
rans
isto
rs
W
/L
(
µ
m
)
M
1
-
M
6
0
.25
/0
.18
M
7
, M
8
,
M
9
,
M
13
0
.25
/0
.18
M
10
, M
11
,
M
12
, M
24
0
.25
/0
.18
M
14
, M
15
,
M
18
, M
19
, M
25
,
M
29
, M
30
,
M
33
, M
34
0
.5/0
.18
M
16
, M
17
,
M
20
, M
21
, M
26
,
M
31
, M
32
,
M
35
, M
36
0
.5/0
.18
M
22
, M
23
,
M
27
, M
28
0
.25
/0
.18
M
14
, M
15
,
M
18
, M
19
, M
25
,
M
29
, M
30
,
M
33
, M
34
0
.5/0
.18
The
CM
OS
F
DCCII
was
bi
ased
with
DC
powe
r
sup
ply
vo
lt
age
s
V
DD
=
+1.5
V,
V
SS
=
−1.5V
al
ong
with
I
B
= 3
3
µ
A,
I
SB
= 2
5
µ
A
,
V
bp
= 0
.25 V
, a
nd
V
bn
= − 0
.
3 V.
To
ac
hieve
the o
sci
ll
at
or
w
it
h
f
o
= 1
12
kHz, the
passive
com
ponen
t
values
w
ere
ch
os
e
n
as
R
1
=
R
2
=
20
k
,
an
d
C
1
=
C
2
=
71
pF.
Fig
ur
e
5
s
how
s
the
PSPI
CE
-
gen
e
r
at
ed
45
o
phase
sh
ift
volt
age
ou
t
pu
t
wa
vefo
rm
s
of
the
os
c
il
la
tor
reali
zed
from
the
pr
opose
d
ci
rcu
it
,
wh
e
re
the
wa
ve
form
s
coinci
de
with
the
phase
s
a
nd
m
agn
it
ude
s
of
the
phas
or
diag
ram
sh
own
i
n
Figure
3.
T
he
Tran
sie
nt
an
d
ste
ady
sta
te
vo
lt
age
outp
ut
wav
e
form
s
are
sh
own
in
Figu
re
5(
a
)
and
5(b
)
resp
ect
ively
.
T
he
fr
e
quency
sp
ect
r
um
s
of
t
hese
wa
veform
s
are
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
gur
e
5(c
).
SPI
CE
sim
ulati
on
s
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
ge
ner
at
e
d
volt
age
outp
ut
waveform
s
has
been
f
ound
to
be
111.
7
kH
z
.
The
Total
Ha
rm
on
ic
Distortio
n
(T
HD)
of
the
outp
ut
wav
e
for
m
s
was
1.4
4
-
4.53
%.
T
hus,
a
ver
y
go
od
m
at
ching
betwee
n
theo
reti
cal
v
al
ues
a
nd P
SPI
C
E sim
ul
at
ion
s is obser
ve
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ne
w Two
Simp
le
S
in
usoid
al
Gen
e
ra
t
or
s wi
th F
our
45
o
Ph
as
e
Shif
te
d
V
oltag
e
O
utputs
…
(
Kasim K. A
bdalla
)
5085
(a)
Tra
ns
ie
nt
volt
age
ou
t
put
wav
e
f
or
m
s
(b)
Vo
lt
age
out
pu
t
wa
vefor
m
s
(c)
Fr
e
quency
sp
ect
r
um
Figure
5
.
PSP
I
CE Sim
ulati
on
r
es
ults o
f
the
45
o
phase
sh
ift
Oscil
la
tor real
iz
ed fr
om
the p
r
opos
e
d
ci
rc
uits
The
ci
r
cuit
ha
s
tw
o
qu
a
dr
at
ur
e
outp
uts
a
nd
the
Lissa
j
ou
s
patte
r
ns
c
onf
irm
the
qu
a
dr
a
ture
volt
age
ou
t
pu
t
wa
veform
s as sh
own
i
n Fi
gure
6.
3
.
6
3
.
6
5
3
.
7
3
.
7
5
3
.
8
3
.
8
5
3
.
9
3
.
9
5
4
x
1
0
-4
-
0
.
4
-
0
.
3
-
0
.
2
-
0
.
1
0
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
T
i
m
e
(
s
e
c
)
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
(
V
)
V
(
o
3
)
V
(
o
2
)
V
(
o
1
)
V
(
o
4
)
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
x
1
0
-4
-
0
.
3
-
0
.
2
-
0
.
1
0
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
T
i
m
e
(
s
e
c
)
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
(
V
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
x
1
0
5
10
-5
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
z
)
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
(
V
)
V
(
o
1
)
V
(
o
3
)
V
(
o
2
)
V
(
o
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
50
80
-
50
88
5086
Fig
ure
6.
Lissa
j
ous
p
at
te
r
ns
of
qu
a
dr
at
ur
e
vo
lt
age output
w
aveform
s (
V
o1
with
V
o3
) (V
o2
with
V
o4
)
By
add
i
ng
Z
+
a
nd
Z
-
sta
ge
s
in
corp
or
at
io
n
i
n
FD
CC
I
I
a
nd
two
CC
II
co
nve
rte
rs
(to
cha
ng
e
the
volt
age
to
curre
nt)
co
nnect
ed
to
X
-
an
d
Z
-
te
rm
inals
the
ci
rcu
it
can
pro
vid
e
f
our
c
urren
t
ou
t
pu
t
wav
e
f
or
m
s
eac
h
wit
h
45
o
sepa
rati
on
as sho
wn in Fi
gure
7.
Figure
7. Cu
rr
e
nt
outp
ut
wav
e
form
s
5.
COMP
ARAT
IVE WIT
H O
THE
R
W
ORKS
A
c
om
par
ison
of
m
ulti
ph
ase
sine
-
wa
ve
ge
ner
at
or
pro
vide
s
f
our
45
o
phase
sh
i
fted
volt
age
out
pu
t
s
us
in
g
dif
fer
e
nt
act
ive
com
po
ne
nt
pr
ese
nte
d
recently
in
[30
-
32]
(
a
nd
t
he
ref
e
ren
ce
s
ci
te
d
therei
n)
and
pro
po
se
d
ci
rc
uits
are
dis
c
usse
d
belo
w.
The
ci
rc
uit
in
[
30
]
use
s
sing
le
Z
-
c
opy
vo
lt
age
dif
fe
ren
ci
ng
transc
onduct
an
ce
a
m
plifie
r
(ZC
-
V
DT
A),
two
ca
pacit
ors
and
th
ree
resis
tors.
T
he
dra
w
back
of
ZC
-
V
DTA
i
s
aff
ect
ed
by
te
m
per
at
ur
e
due
to
it
s
transc
on
du
ct
a
nce.
H
owever,
the
ci
rcu
i
t
has
m
or
e
pa
s
siv
e
com
pone
nt
s.
The
ci
rcu
it
in [3
1
]
us
es si
ng
le
Z
-
c
op
y c
ontrolle
d gain
volt
age
diff
e
ren
ci
ng curr
ent con
veyo
r
(
ZC
-
CG
-
V
DCC),
t
w
o
capaci
tors
an
d
two
resist
ors.
This
ci
rc
uit
has
on
e
45
o
phase
s
hift
bet
ween
t
wo
volt
age
out
pu
ts
a
nd
90
o
betwee
n
the
ot
her
t
w
o
outp
uts
not
eq
ui
-
qu
a
dr
at
ur
e
as
pres
ented
i
n
the
propose
d
ci
rc
uits
wh
ic
h
the
outpu
t
s
increase
45
o
s
equ
e
ntial
ly
.
A
lso,
this
ci
rcu
i
t
su
f
fer
s
f
ro
m
the
te
m
per
at
ur
e
e
ff
ect
due
to
the
e
xiste
nce
of
transc
onduct
an
ce
in
the
inter
na
l
ci
rcu
it
.
The
ci
rcu
it
s
of
[
30]
a
nd
[
31
]
are
m
or
e
com
plicated
as
com
par
e
d
wit
h
pro
po
se
d
ci
rc
ui
ts.
The
ci
rc
uit
in
[
32
]
us
es
th
e
sam
e
passive
com
po
ne
nt
e
m
plo
ye
d
in
the
pro
po
se
d
ci
rc
uits
but
it
us
es
m
or
e
act
ive
el
e
m
ents
(two
Dif
fer
e
nt
ia
l
Vo
lt
age
Current
C
onvey
or
s
(DVCC
s)
),
as
well
as
FDC
C
ha
s
m
or
e
current
ga
in
an
d
ba
ndw
idth
tha
n
D
VCC
[35
]
with
sa
m
e
char
act
erist
ic
s.
The
refo
re
t
he
propose
d
ci
rcu
it
s
enjoy the
sim
plici
t
y and l
ess
act
ive and
pass
ive co
m
pone
nts.
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
It is shown i
n
this pa
pe
r
that t
wo
ne
w
ci
rc
uits w
hich
a
re
us
e
d
sin
gle act
i
ve e
lem
ent can
ge
ner
at
e
fou
r
45
o
phase
se
pa
rati
on
volt
age
ou
t
pu
ts
.
Be
ca
use
has
the
f
ully
dif
fer
e
ntial
ci
rcu
it
w
hich
is
su
it
able
f
or
a
nalo
g
-
0
.
3
-
0
.
2
-
0
.
1
0
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
-
0
.
3
-
0
.
2
-
0
.
1
0
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
V
(
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ne
w Two
Simp
le
S
in
usoid
al
Gen
e
ra
t
or
s wi
th F
our
45
o
Ph
as
e
Shif
te
d
V
oltag
e
O
utputs
…
(
Kasim K. A
bdalla
)
5087
sign
al
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
,
FD
CC
II
i
s
us
e
d
as
an
a
ct
ive
el
e
m
ent
i
n
these
ci
rc
uits
.
Also,
these
pro
posed
ci
rcu
it
us
e
d
on
ly
f
o
ur
passi
ve
com
pone
nts
(tw
o
capaci
to
r
s
an
d
tw
o
resis
tors).
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
these
ci
rcui
ts
can
achie
ve
two
vo
lt
age
-
m
od
e
equ
i
-
qua
dr
at
ur
e
os
ci
ll
at
or
s
an
d
can
al
so
pro
vid
e
f
our
c
urre
nt
ou
t
put
wav
e
form
s
each
with
45
o
separ
at
io
n by a
dd
i
ng outp
ut st
ages i
ncorpo
rati
on
i
n
F
DCCI
I a
nd tw
o
CC
I
I
c
onve
rters.
The
pre
viousl
y
rep
ort
ed
45
o
ph
ase
diff
e
r
ence
outp
uts
os
ci
ll
at
or
s
in
the
li
te
ratur
e
m
ay
m
or
e
com
plica
te
of
the
act
ive
ci
rc
ui
ts
or
m
or
e
el
em
ents
of
the
a
ct
ive
or
passi
ve
com
po
ne
nts
as
com
par
ed
w
it
h
the
pro
po
se
d
ci
rc
ui
ts.
Du
e
to
al
l
the
pa
ssive
c
om
po
ne
nts
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
ci
rcu
it
are
gr
ounded
ther
ef
or
e
is
pr
e
ferred
f
or
I
C
fabrica
ti
on.
PSPI
CE
0.18
µ
m
CM
OS
te
chnolo
gy
has
be
en
us
e
d
to
sim
ulate
the
pe
rfo
rm
ance
of the circ
uits.
The
sim
ulati
on r
es
ults are
give
n
to
v
e
rify t
he
prese
nte
d
the
oret
ic
al
an
al
yse
s.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
R.
Senani,
"N
ew
t
y
pes
of
sin
e
wave
osci
llators
"
,
IEE
E
Tr
ans.
on
Instrum
ent
ati
on
and
Me
asur
eme
nt,
vol
.
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,
no.
3
,
pp.
461
-
463
,
19
85.
[2]
R.
Senani
and
D.
R.
Bhaskar
,
"S
in
gle
-
op
-
amp sinusoida
l
oscil
l
at
ors
suita
ble
for
gen
era
t
ion
of
ver
y
l
ow fre
quenc
i
es
"
,
IEE
E
Tr
ans.
on
Instrum
ent
ati
on
and
Me
asur
eme
nt
,
vo
l. 40, no. 4, pp. 777
-
779
,
1
991.
[3]
D.R.
Bhaskar
an
d
R.
Senani
,
"N
ew
CF
OA
-
base
d
single
-
elem
ent
-
cont
rolled
sinusoidal
osci
ll
a
tors"
,
IEE
E
Tr
ans.
on
Instrum
ent
ati
on
and
Me
asur
e
me
nt
,
vo
l. 55, no. 6, pp. 2014
-
2021,
2006.
[4]
F.
Sy
ifa
ul
,
E.
H
akkun
and
Suwa
sono,
"D
esign
and
Fabric
a
ti
on
of
LC
-
Os
ci
ll
ator
Tool
Kits
Based
Op
-
A
m
p
fo
r
Engi
ne
eri
ng
Edu
ca
t
ion
Purpos
e"
,
Indone
sian
Jou
rnal
of
El
ectric
a
l
Engi
ne
ering
and
Computer
Sci
ence
,
vol
.
1,
no
.
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pp
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-
100,
Janua
r
y
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[5]
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.
M.
El
sherbini,
M.
F.
El
kord
y
and
A.
M.
Gom
a
a,
"D
esign
and
Sim
ula
ti
on
for
UH
F
Os
ci
ll
at
or
using
SAWR
with
Diffe
ren
t
Sch
ematics"
,
Indone
sia
n
Journal
of
Ele
ct
rical
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
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Computer
Sci
en
ce
,
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nua
r
y
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16.
[6]
J.
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and
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G.
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it
h,
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elec
om
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unic
at
ions
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ne
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ng"
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). CRC Pre
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[7]
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.
Tomasi,
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roni
c
Com
m
unic
a
ti
ons S
y
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te
m
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New Jerse
y
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ent
i
ce
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al
l
Inc
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Anritsu
Emea
Li
m
it
ed
.
MG
3700A
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signal
gene
r
at
or
datashee
t
,
from
htt
p://ww
w.e
u.
a
nrit
su.c
om
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_
El17301.pdf
.
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G.
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re
a,
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s,
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hase
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ren
t
unbal
an
ce
estim
at
io
n
in
m
ultiphase
buck
co
nver
te
rs
"
,
I
EEE
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ansacti
ons on Power
E
le
c
troni
cs
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1
37
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al
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,
"Tuna
ble
OTA
base
d
m
u
lt
ipha
s
e
sinusoidal
osci
ll
at
ors
"
,
In
te
rnat
ional
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of
El
e
ct
ronics
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u,
et
al.
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"M
ult
ipha
se
sin
usoidal
oscillat
o
r
using
sec
ond
gene
ra
ti
on
cur
r
en
t
convey
ors
"
,
In
t.
J
.
Elec
troni
cs
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651
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K.
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n
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e
t
al
.
,
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al
i
zation
o
f
m
ult
ipha
se
si
n
usoidal
osci
ll
a
to
r
using
CDBA
s
"
,
in
Circ
.
S
ys.
P
roc.
of
th
e
IE
EE
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Pacific
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nf.
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–
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P.
Mongkolwai,
et
al.
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-
b
ase
d
single
resist
anc
e
c
on
trol
l
ed
quadr
at
ur
e
oscill
at
or
"
,
in
Control
and
Information
Technol
ogy
,
Pro
ce
ed
ings o
f
the I
nte
rnational
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nfe
renc
e
on
Inst
rum
ent
ati
on,
20
08,
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.
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1
4
7
–
1
1
5
0
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[14]
W
.
Ta
ngsrira
t
,
and
W
.
Ta
nja
ro
en,
"Current
-
m
ode
m
ult
ipha
se
sinusoidal
oscilla
tor
using
cur
ren
t
diffe
ren
c
in
g
tra
nsconduc
ta
nc
e
amplif
ie
rs
"
,
Ci
r.
Sys.
Signal P
r
oce
ss
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,
p
p.
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-
93
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W
.
Ta
ngsrira
t,
e
t
al.
,
"Curren
t
-
m
ode
m
ult
ipha
se
sinusoidal
osci
ll
at
or
using
CD
TA
-
base
d
a
ll
pas
s
sec
ti
ons"
,
In
t.
J.
El
e
ct
ron.
Comm
u.
(
AE
U)
,
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3,
pp
.
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-
622
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W
.
Jaikl
a
,
et
a
l.
,
"H
igh
outpu
t
-
i
m
peda
nce
cur
re
nt
-
m
ode
m
ult
iph
ase
sinusoida
l
o
scil
lato
r
b
ase
d
o
n
CDTA
-
al
lp
ass
fil
ters
"
,
Int
.
Journal
of
Elec
tronics
,
vol. 97, no. 7,
pp.
811
-
826,
20
10.
[17]
D.R.
Bhaskar
,
e
t
al
.
,
"
El
e
ct
roni
ca
l
l
y
-
Controlled
Curre
nt
-
m
ode
sec
ond
orde
r
Si
nusoidal
Os
ci
l
lators
Us
ing
MO
-
OTAs
and
Grou
nded
Cap
ac
i
tors
"
,
Circuits and
S
yste
ms
,
vol
.
2
,
n
o.
1
,
pp
.
65
-
73
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[18]
P.
Prom
m
ee
,
an
d
K.
Dejh
an,
"
An
int
egr
abl
e
e
l
ec
tron
ic
-
con
troll
ed
quadr
at
ur
e
si
nusoidal
osc
il
l
ator
using
CMOS
oper
ational t
r
ansc
onductanc
e
am
pli
fier
"
,
In
t. J
our
nal
of
elec
tronics
,
vol.
89
,
no.
5,
pp.
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-
379
,
20
02.
[19]
S.
Siripongde
e,
et
al.
,
"Elect
ron
i
ca
l
l
y
Cont
rollabl
e
Curre
nt
-
Mode
Multi
phase
Sinu
soidal
Os
ci
llator
for
Biom
edi
ca
l
Ti
ss
ue
Mea
sure
m
ent
Sy
st
ems
"
,
Inte
rnat
ional
Jo
urnal
of
Bi
oscience
,
B
ioc
hemistr
y
and
Bi
oinf
orm
ati
cs
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S.
Mahe
shw
ari
,
"V
olt
age
m
ode
four
phase
sin
usoidal
gen
e
ra
to
r
and
it
s
usefu
l
ext
ensions
"
,
A
ct
i
ve
and
pass
ive
el
e
ct
ronic
comp
onent
s
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2013
,
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ti
cle
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685939,
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D.R.
Bhaska
r,
et
al.
,
"N
ew
SR
C
O
with
exp
li
c
it
cur
ren
t
-
m
ode
ou
tput
using
t
wo
CCs
and
ground
ed
c
apaci
tors
"
,
6
th
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Co
nfe
ren
c
e
on
E
le
c
tri
c
al
and El
e
ct
r
onic
s E
ng
ine
e
rin
g
6
-
8
Novem
ber
2009,
Bursa
,
Tu
r
ke
y
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K.
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Abdall
a
,
e
t
al.
,
"Configur
at
ion
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Realizi
ng
a
Curre
nt
-
Mode
Univer
sal
Filt
e
r
and
Dual
-
Mode
Quadra
tur
e
SR
CO
"
,
IET
C
ir
cui
ts,
Devi
ce
s
an
d
S
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urth
y
,
P.
Nee
t
a
and
P.
Raj
eshwari
,
"
New
Rea
l
izati
on
of
Q
uadr
at
ure
Os
cillator
using
OTR
A
"
,
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ri
c
al
and
Comput
er
Engi
n
ee
ring
(
IJE
CE
)
,
vol
,
7
,
no
.
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A.A.
El
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y
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al.
,
"A
nov
el
fully
diffe
r
ent
i
a
l
cur
r
ent
conveyor
and
it
s
app
li
c
at
ions
for
analo
g
VLSI"
,
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Cir
cui
ts and
Sys
te
ms
II: Analog and Digi
ta
l
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S.A.
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oud,
"N
ew
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y
-
Diff
ere
nt
ia
l
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S
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ond
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Gene
ra
tion
Curre
nt
Conv
e
y
er
"
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rnal
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[26]
S.A.
Mahm
oud,
"F
ully
diff
erenti
al
CMO
S
C
CII
base
d
on
diffe
r
en
ti
a
l
diff
ere
nc
e
tra
nscon
duct
or
"
,
A
n
a
l
o
g
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
,
vol
.
50
,
no.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
–
2
0
3
,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
50
80
-
50
88
5088
[27]
C.
M.
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al.
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"Curr
ent
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ode
single
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a
nce
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trol
l
ed
o
scil
lators
using
onl
y
ground
ed
p
assive
elem
ent
s
"
,
El
e
ct
ronics
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tt
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,
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ixe
d
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ode
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ur
e
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"
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J.
o
f
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t
ive
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.
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ode
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a
ture
o
scil
lators
with
g
rounde
d
ca
p
acit
ors
and
resistor
s
using
single FD
CCIIs"
,
WSEA
S
Tr
ansec
ti
on
on
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ircui
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ncsa
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,
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ew
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-
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oscil
l
at
or
emplo
y
ing
onl
y
single
Z
-
cop
y
VD
TA
and
al
l
grounde
d
passiv
e
e
le
m
ent
s"
,
Ele
kt
ronika
IR
Elec
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chi
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ka
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.
,
"S
ec
ond
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orde
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ult
ipha
se
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ing
Z
-
cop
y
controlle
d
-
g
ai
n
vol
tag
e
diffe
r
encing
cur
ren
t
conv
e
y
or
"
,
Elek
tronik
a
IR
Elec
trot
ec
h
ink
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,
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[32]
S.
Mahe
shw
ari
,
"S
inusoid
al
ge
ner
at
or
wi
th
π/
4
shifte
d
four/
e
ight
voltage
ou
tput
s
emplo
y
ing
four
grounde
d
components
and
two/six
a
ct
iv
e elem
ent
s"
,
A
ct
i
ve
and
pass
iv
e elec
tronic
compone
n
ts
,
2014,
7
p
age
s
,
2014
.
[33]
H.A.
Alz
ahe
r
,
e
t
al
.
,
"CM
OS
fully
dif
fer
en
tial
sec
ond
-
gen
erat
ion
cur
r
en
t
con
ve
y
or
"
,
El
e
ct
ro
n.
Let
t
.
,
vol
.
3
6,
p.
p1095
-
1096,
2
000.
[34]
M.C.
Chun,
and
H.P.
Chen,
"S
ingl
e
FD
CCII
-
base
d
tuna
bl
e
un
iv
ersa
l
voltage
-
m
o
de
fil
t
er
"
,
Circu
it
s
Syste
ms
and
Signal
Proce
ss
in
g
,
vol
.
24
,
no
.
2
,
pp.
221
–
227
,
20
05.
[35]
H.
F
.
Ham
ed
and
A.
A.
Kha
la
f
,
"
Diffe
ren
t
ia
l
voltage
cur
ren
t
con
ve
y
or
and
fully
diffe
r
ent
i
al
cur
ren
t
convey
or
i
n
standa
rd
CMO
S
te
chno
log
y
for
l
ow vol
ta
ge
ana
l
og
ci
rcu
it
s a
ppl
i
ca
t
ions
"
,
in
El
ectronics,
Circui
ts
and
Syste
ms
,
12th
IEE
E
Inte
rnat
io
nal
Con
f
ere
nce
2005
,
pag
es
1
-
4
,
2005.
DO
I:
10.
1
109/ICE
CS
.
200
5.
4633384
BIOGR
AP
H
Y
O
F
AU
TH
OR
Kasim
K.
Abdalla
re
ceive
d
B
.
Sc.
in
el
e
ct
ri
c
al
engi
ne
eri
ng
and
M.Sc.
in
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
o
f
Te
chnol
og
y
,
Baghda
d,
Ir
aq
and
Ph.D.
from
Jam
ia
Mill
ia
Islamia,
De
lhi,
India
.
He
h
as
bee
n
wi
th
Depa
r
tment
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
Coll
ege,
Univer
sit
y
of
Bab
y
lon
,
Ira
q
since
20
06.
His
rese
arch
int
ere
sts
incl
ude
el
e
ct
roni
c
comm
unic
at
ions
,
an
al
og
and
digital signa
l
proc
essing
and analog
i
nte
gra
te
d
ci
r
cui
t
design.
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