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en
tifi
ca
tio
n
D
NA
w
id
er
f
a
m
i
l
y
r
elatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
u
n
cle
s
,
au
n
t
y
,
co
u
s
i
n
s
,
a
n
d
all
th
e
o
t
h
er
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
s
u
r
v
i
v
in
g
f
a
m
il
y
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
t
h
at
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e,
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
an
d
h
i
s
s
ib
lin
g
s
is
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
l
y
4
5
% to
5
4
%,
i
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
ab
o
u
t
5
0
%
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
ese
s
ib
li
n
g
s
h
a
v
e
a
f
ath
er
an
d
m
o
th
er
to
g
et
h
e
r
w
ith
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
w
h
o
ar
e
b
ein
g
id
e
n
ti
f
ied
(
f
u
ll
s
ib
lin
g
)
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
if
o
n
l
y
t
o
h
av
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
at
h
er
o
r
m
o
th
er
,
n
o
t
b
o
th
,
th
en
t
h
e
r
ese
m
b
lan
ce
th
er
e
is
2
5
%
(
h
alf
-
s
ib
lin
g
)
.
An
o
th
er
f
a
m
il
y
m
e
m
b
er
,
n
a
m
el
y
u
n
cle
o
r
au
n
t
al
s
o
s
i
m
ilar
2
5
%
a
n
d
2
5
%
w
it
h
a
r
ec
o
r
d
n
ep
h
e
w
h
ad
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
ar
en
tal
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
Fro
m
th
er
e
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
er
e
is
o
n
l
y
1
2
.
5
%
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
u
s
in
s
[
4
]
.
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
s
w
i
ll b
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
h
av
e
1
6
lo
ci,
ea
c
h
DN
A
lo
c
u
s
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
t
w
o
al
leles,
o
r
co
p
ies,
o
f
t
h
e
m
ar
k
er
-
o
n
e
i
n
h
er
ited
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
o
th
er
an
d
o
n
e
i
n
h
er
ited
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
at
h
er
.
Si
x
tee
n
lo
c
u
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
e
v
er
y
t
h
i
n
g
to
m
a
k
e
a
d
ec
is
io
n
w
h
et
h
er
t
h
er
e
is
an
y
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
D
NA
p
r
o
f
ile
e
v
id
en
c
e
th
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
ix
tee
n
lo
ci
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
,
C
SF
1
P
O,
D1
3
S3
1
7
,
D1
6
S5
3
9
,
D
1
8
S5
1
,
D1
9
S4
3
3
,
D2
1
S1
1
,
D2
S1
3
3
8
,
D3
S1
3
5
8
,
D5
S8
1
8
,
D7
S7
2
0
,
D8
S1
1
7
9
,
FGA
,
T
H0
1
,
T
P
OX,
VW
A
,
a
n
d
Am
elo
g
e
n
i
n
[
5
]
.
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
m
atc
h
i
n
g
DN
A
-
b
ased
ST
R
p
r
o
f
iles
u
s
e
s
0
o
r
1
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
[
6
]
.
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
f
u
zz
y
s
i
m
ilar
ities
to
id
en
ti
f
y
m
atc
h
i
n
g
b
ec
au
s
e
ST
R
-
DN
A
d
ata
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
P
C
R
m
ac
h
in
e
s
co
n
ta
in
i
n
g
i
m
p
r
e
s
itio
n
w
h
ile
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
is
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
to
h
a
n
d
le
d
ata
co
n
tain
i
n
g
i
m
p
r
esi
t
io
n
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
to
h
av
e
f
u
zz
y
r
ese
m
b
la
n
ce
s
tep
s
is
tr
i
g
g
er
ed
b
y
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
ST
R
p
r
o
f
iles
o
f
ten
s
h
o
w
r
ea
l
v
alu
e
s
as
allele
m
ar
k
er
s
,
n
o
t
n
atu
r
al
n
u
m
b
er
,
th
is
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
n
o
is
e
ef
f
ec
t
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
an
al
y
zi
n
g
ST
R
p
r
o
f
iles
[
7
]
.
Usi
n
g
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
en
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
i
t
y
,
t
wo
alleles
w
it
h
s
m
al
l
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
w
ill
s
t
ill
g
et
s
i
m
i
l
ar
it
y
s
co
r
es
in
s
tead
o
f
s
h
ar
p
0
,
w
h
ic
h
eli
m
in
ate
s
th
e
p
o
s
s
i
b
ilit
y
o
f
t
w
o
allele
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
al
u
e
al
th
o
u
g
h
o
n
l
y
s
l
ig
h
tl
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t,
w
h
ich
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
d
u
e
to
n
o
is
e
d
u
r
in
g
DN
A
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
D
NA
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
c
h
ec
k
i
n
g
to
d
o
as
m
u
c
h
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
a
s
to
g
et
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
r
esu
lt
s
.
T
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
DN
A
s
a
m
p
le
s
in
la
r
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
DN
A
i
s
h
i
g
h
l
y
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
n
o
is
e,
s
u
ch
as
b
lo
o
d
m
i
x
ed
w
i
th
o
th
er
DN
A
s
a
m
p
les
o
r
d
am
a
g
e
d
u
e
to
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
w
ea
th
er
.
T
h
is
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
h
ab
it
s
o
f
th
e
d
ata
s
o
t
h
at
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
e
le
s
s
v
alid
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
.
I
n
f
o
r
e
n
s
i
c
s
cien
ce
,
k
n
o
w
n
to
s
o
m
e
k
in
d
s
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
DN
A
p
r
o
f
i
les,
n
a
m
el
y
:
1.
R
estrictio
n
f
r
a
g
m
en
t le
n
g
th
p
o
l
y
m
o
r
p
h
is
m
(
R
F
L
P
)
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
:
R
F
L
P
is
a
m
et
h
o
d
f
ir
s
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
R
F
L
P
is
a
DN
A
f
i
n
g
er
p
r
in
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
DN
A
f
r
a
g
m
en
ts
o
f
v
ar
y
i
n
g
len
g
t
h
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
D
N
A
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
an
d
t
h
e
n
e
w
er
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
s
tr
ea
m
li
n
ed
,
R
F
L
P
n
o
l
o
n
g
er
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
it
r
eq
u
i
r
es
a
r
elativ
el
y
lar
g
e
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
DN
A
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
a
m
p
les
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
o
b
tain
ed
also
u
s
u
a
ll
y
d
eg
r
ad
ed
b
y
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
d
ir
t
o
r
m
i
ld
e
w
th
at
ca
n
n
o
t b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
R
F
L
P
[
8
]
.
2.
Mito
ch
o
n
d
r
ial
DN
A
(
m
tDN
A
)
a
n
al
y
s
is
:
Mito
ch
o
n
d
r
ial
DN
A
(
m
tDN
A)
is
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
to
u
s
e
as
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
DN
A
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
a
s
th
r
ee
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
n
am
el
y
DN
A
h
as
a
h
i
g
h
co
p
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ab
o
u
t
1
0
0
0
-
1
0
0
0
0
an
d
is
i
n
th
e
ce
l
ls
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
n
o
n
u
cle
u
s
s
u
ch
a
s
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
o
r
er
y
th
r
o
c
y
t
es.
Mito
ch
o
n
d
r
ial
DN
A
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
is
d
esp
ite
th
e
li
m
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
le
s
f
o
u
n
d
,
ea
s
il
y
d
e
g
r
ad
ed
an
d
in
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
at
d
o
n
o
t
allo
w
f
o
r
an
al
y
z
in
g
th
e
DN
A
co
r
e.
Sec
o
n
d
,
th
e
h
u
m
an
m
ito
ch
o
n
d
r
ial
DN
A
is
p
ass
ed
d
o
w
n
m
ater
n
all
y
,
s
o
th
at
ea
c
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al
o
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
ater
n
al
li
n
e
h
av
e
id
e
n
tical
m
ito
c
h
o
n
d
r
ial
DN
A
t
y
p
es.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
m
ito
ch
o
n
d
r
ial
DN
A
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
atio
n
o
f
c
ases
o
f
m
is
s
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
s
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
e
a
p
er
s
o
n
's
id
en
tit
y
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
i
to
ch
o
n
d
r
ial
DN
A
o
f
v
ict
i
m
s
'
b
r
o
th
er
l
y
s
ed
m
ater
n
a
l
li
n
ea
g
e.
T
h
ir
d
ly
,
t
h
e
m
ito
c
h
o
n
d
r
ial
D
NA
p
o
l
y
m
o
r
p
h
i
s
m
h
as
a
h
i
g
h
r
ate
o
f
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
is
ab
o
u
t
5
-
1
0
ti
m
e
s
f
aster
t
h
an
n
u
clea
r
DN
A
.
Mit
o
ch
o
n
d
r
ial
DN
A
is
a
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
th
at
is
v
er
y
e
x
p
en
s
i
v
e
an
d
ex
clu
s
i
v
e
m
atr
il
in
ea
l
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
les
s
in
f
o
r
m
a
tiv
e.
3.
Y
-
C
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
:
An
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
Y
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
v
es
tig
a
tio
n
o
n
h
u
m
an
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
f
o
r
f
o
r
en
s
i
c
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
f
at
h
er
[
9
]
.
DNA
-
p
o
l
y
m
o
r
p
h
is
m
s
o
n
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
Y
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
ar
e
v
alu
ab
le
to
o
ls
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
h
u
m
an
e
v
o
l
u
tio
n
,
m
ig
r
atio
n
a
n
d
f
o
r
tr
ac
i
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
m
ale
s
.
Ma
j
o
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
a
mily
r
ela
tio
n
a
n
d
S
TR
-
DN
A
ma
tch
in
g
u
s
in
g
fu
z
z
y
in
feren
ce
(
Ma
r
ia
S
u
s
a
n
A
n
g
g
r
ea
in
y
)
1337
o
f
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
Y
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
is
in
h
er
ited
as
a
s
i
n
g
le
b
lo
ck
in
li
n
k
ag
e
f
r
o
m
f
at
h
er
to
m
ale
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
as
a
h
ap
lo
id
en
tit
y
.
4.
Sin
g
le
n
u
cleo
tid
e
p
o
l
y
m
o
r
p
h
is
m
(
SNP
)
t
y
p
in
g
:
Sin
g
le
Nu
c
leo
tid
e
P
o
ly
m
o
r
p
h
is
m
(
SNP
)
ty
p
i
n
g
is
a
DNA
s
e
q
u
en
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
w
h
e
n
a
s
in
g
le
n
u
cleo
tid
e
(
A
,
T
,
C
,
o
r
G)
in
th
e
g
en
o
m
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
is
alter
ed
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
an
S
NP
m
a
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
DN
A
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
AAGG
C
T
AA
to
A
T
GGCT
A
A
[
10
]
.
E
x
ce
s
s
SNP
is
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
s
o
m
e
S
NP
lo
ci
ar
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
v
er
y
clo
s
e
to
g
et
h
er
to
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
eir
h
ap
lo
t
y
p
e
s
a
n
d
h
ap
lo
t
y
p
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
tag
s
.
Di
s
ad
v
a
n
t
ag
es
SNP
is
i
n
n
ee
d
o
f
g
en
e
tic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
f
o
r
a
tar
g
et
g
e
n
e
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
an
d
m
ater
ials
t
h
at
ar
e
co
s
tl
y
an
d
n
ee
d
s
a
lar
g
e
m
u
ltip
le
x
in
g
tes
t.
5.
P
C
R
P
C
R
is
u
s
ed
to
m
a
k
e
m
i
llio
n
s
o
f
co
p
ies
o
f
DN
A
f
r
o
m
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
a
m
p
les.
Am
p
li
f
icatio
n
o
f
DN
A
u
s
i
n
g
P
C
R
ca
u
s
ed
DN
A
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
n
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
a
m
p
le
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
o
n
l
y
a
s
m
all
s
a
m
p
le
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
as
f
i
n
e
as
h
a
ir
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
P
C
R
to
a
m
p
lify
s
m
all
a
m
o
u
n
t
s
o
f
DN
A
m
ak
e
s
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
an
al
y
ze
s
a
m
p
le
s
th
at
ar
e
d
eg
r
ad
ed
,
th
o
u
g
h
.
Sti
ll,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
ev
en
ted
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
w
i
th
o
th
er
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
,
co
llectio
n
an
d
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
s
a
m
p
les [
11
].
6.
ST
R
ST
R
,
a
p
o
p
u
lar
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
e
d
to
r
ep
lace
R
FL
P
m
et
h
o
d
.
B
y
a
g
e
n
c
y
FB
I
(
Fed
er
al
B
u
r
ea
u
o
f
I
n
v
e
s
tig
a
tio
n
)
,
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
a
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
to
d
o
a
DN
A
p
r
o
f
i
le.
A
s
a
r
es
u
l
t,
th
e
p
r
o
f
ile
ST
R
p
r
o
f
ilin
g
m
et
h
o
d
ac
ce
p
ted
b
y
m
an
y
f
o
r
en
s
ic
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies
i
n
th
e
w
o
r
ld
as
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ilin
g
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
Ag
en
c
y
FB
I
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
u
s
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
ci
ST
R
p
r
o
f
ilin
g
r
es
u
lts
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
f
id
en
ti
f
icat
io
n
o
f
h
u
m
an
id
en
ti
t
y
.
So
m
e
lo
c
i
ar
e
th
en
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
s
.
A
p
er
s
o
n
's
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
ca
n
b
e
m
atc
h
ed
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
d
ata
r
ese
m
b
lan
ce
to
o
n
e
an
o
t
h
er
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
m
atc
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
ag
en
c
y
NI
ST
(
Natio
n
al
I
n
s
ti
tu
te
o
f
Sta
n
d
ar
d
s
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
)
m
ak
es
a
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
(
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e)
n
a
m
ed
au
x
iliar
y
ST
R
_
Ma
tch
Sa
m
p
le
s
.
Ma
tch
i
n
g
r
esu
l
ts
co
u
ld
lead
to
ce
r
tain
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
p
ar
ties
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
.
A
p
r
o
b
lem
ar
is
es,
i
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
il
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
ta
m
in
at
io
n
o
n
b
io
lo
g
ical
ev
id
e
n
ce
co
llected
b
y
o
th
er
c
h
e
m
ical
s
(
d
eg
r
ad
ed
q
u
alit
y
)
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt,
th
e
DN
A
p
r
o
f
i
le
o
b
tain
ed
w
il
l
co
n
ta
in
th
e
v
a
lu
e
u
n
ce
r
t
ain
t
y
(
u
n
ce
r
ta
i
n
t
y
)
.
Fo
r
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
n
o
t
ab
le
to
h
an
d
le
it
ST
R
_
Ma
tc
h
Sa
m
p
les
aid
s
f
o
r
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
S
T
R
_
Ma
tch
Sa
m
p
les
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
w
it
h
cr
is
p
lo
g
ic
[
12
].
2
.
1
.
Ca
lcula
t
io
n o
f
lo
cus
s
i
m
ila
ri
t
i
es bet
w
ee
n t
wo
ind
iv
idu
a
ls
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
u
las
f
o
llo
w
f
o
u
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
:
th
e
f
at
h
er
an
d
th
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
o
th
er
t
h
er
e,
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
at
h
er
an
d
th
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
o
t
h
er
is
n
o
t
th
er
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ib
lin
g
s
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
h
o
w
a
n
t
to
b
e
id
en
t
i
f
ied
,
i
f
b
io
lo
g
ical
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
t
h
er
e,
s
ib
lin
g
s
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
b
o
th
p
ar
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
et
h
o
d
,
s
ib
lin
g
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
as
a
s
u
b
s
titu
te
f
o
r
a
p
ar
en
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
r
es
u
lti
n
g
v
alu
e
i
s
q
u
ite
g
o
o
d
an
d
q
u
ite
clo
s
e
to
th
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
w
it
h
p
ar
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
t
u
d
y
also
f
o
llo
w
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
et
h
o
d
,
n
a
m
el
y
b
y
p
ay
in
g
a
tten
tio
n
to
e
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
w
ea
th
er
t
h
at
co
u
ld
ca
u
s
e
a
ch
a
n
g
e
o
r
s
h
i
f
t
i
n
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ST
R
DN
A
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
a
tr
ian
g
l
e
as
in
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
it
h
th
e
ST
R
p
o
s
itio
n
a
s
t
h
e
m
id
p
o
in
t
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ia
n
g
le.
T
h
en
as
s
u
m
ed
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
a
s
h
i
f
t
t
h
at
co
u
ld
h
ap
p
en
is
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
f
0
.
2
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
b
ase
o
f
th
e
tr
ia
n
g
le
is
eq
u
al
to
0
.
4
to
0
.
2
v
alu
es
to
t
h
e
le
f
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ST
R
an
d
0
.
2
v
al
u
es
to
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
v
al
u
e
ST
R
.
T
h
e
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ian
g
le
i
s
as
s
u
m
ed
to
1
(
o
n
e)
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
v
alu
e
i
s
th
e
g
r
ea
te
s
t si
m
ilar
it
y
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
h
u
m
an
g
e
n
o
m
e
i
s
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
r
ep
etitiv
e
DN
A
s
tr
an
d
u
n
its
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
s
izes a
r
e
p
atter
n
ed
.
R
eg
io
DN
A
w
ith
a
s
h
o
r
t
r
ep
etitio
n
u
n
it
s
(
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
alo
n
g
t
h
e
2
-
6
b
p
)
is
ca
l
led
Sh
o
r
t
T
an
d
e
m
R
ep
ea
ts
(
ST
R
)
.
An
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
i
n
h
er
it
s
o
n
e
co
p
y
o
f
ea
ch
ST
R
p
ar
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
ep
etitio
n
o
f
th
is
u
n
it
b
ec
o
m
e
ST
R
DNA
m
ar
k
er
s
th
at
h
av
e
h
i
g
h
v
ar
iat
io
n
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als,
s
o
it
is
v
er
y
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
DN
A
ST
R
m
ar
k
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es o
n
l
y
h
u
m
a
n
[
1
3
].
T
h
e
s
m
aller
t
h
e
ST
R
alleles
t
h
at
m
ak
e
u
p
t
h
e
b
etter
,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
v
ar
iat
io
n
g
iv
e
n
th
e
h
ig
h
er
an
d
g
iv
e
n
th
a
t
ST
R
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
f
o
r
en
s
ic
test
in
g
co
u
ld
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
s
m
all
ca
n
m
a
k
e
a
n
ST
R
ca
n
b
e
s
ep
ar
ated
ea
s
il
y
i
n
th
e
DN
A
to
av
o
id
elec
tio
n
lo
cu
s
ad
j
ac
en
t
to
av
o
id
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
o
f
p
atter
n
s
th
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
tat
is
tical
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ST
R
u
s
ed
in
f
o
r
en
s
ic
tes
t
is
th
e
C
o
m
b
i
n
ed
DNA
I
n
d
e
x
S
y
s
te
m
(
C
ODI
S),
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
1
6
lo
ci,
n
a
m
el
y
C
SF
1
P
O,
FG
A
,
T
H0
1
,
T
POX,
VW
A
,
D3
S1
3
5
8
,
D5
S8
1
8
,
D7
S8
2
0
,
D8
S1
1
7
9
,
D1
3
S3
1
7
,
D1
6
S5
3
9
,
D1
8
S5
1
,
D2
1
S1
1
,
D1
9
S4
3
3
a
n
d
D2
S1
3
3
8
an
d
a
m
elo
g
en
i
n
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
s
e
x
.
C
ODI
S
is
s
u
ed
b
y
t
h
e
FB
I
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
as a
n
i
n
ter
n
at
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als.
A
lle
les o
f
a
lo
cu
s
DN
A
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
h
u
m
a
n
t
h
e
r
es
u
lti
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
DN
A
e
v
id
en
ce
s
o
m
eti
m
es
w
o
r
th
i
m
p
r
o
p
er
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
s
e
v
er
al
h
av
e
b
ee
n
th
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
w
ea
t
h
er
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
e
v
id
en
ce
o
f
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
b
y
o
t
h
er
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
ev
e
n
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
er
r
o
r
s
d
u
e
to
P
C
R
m
ac
h
in
e.
T
h
is
w
ill
b
e
t
h
e
m
ai
n
ca
u
s
e
m
is
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
v
i
cti
m
s
in
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
m
a
tch
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
cr
is
p
.
Fo
r
m
in
i
m
ize
er
r
o
r
s
id
en
t
i
f
ic
atio
n
o
f
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
s
th
e
n
m
atc
h
in
g
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
s
is
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
1
3
3
5
-
1345
1338
I
f
a
v
ict
i
m
h
a
s
al
lele
s
h
o
r
t
ta
n
d
em
r
ep
ea
t
(
ST
R
)
2
0
an
d
r
e
f
e
r
en
ce
allele
h
ad
2
0
.
2
ST
R
,
t
h
e
n
b
o
th
allele
s
h
av
e
v
alu
e
0
.
5
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
s
o
t
h
at
b
o
th
al
leles
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
to
s
i
m
i
lar
.
F
u
zz
y
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
a
s
e
m
b
lan
ce
o
f
an
allele.
Ass
u
m
in
g
t
h
at
a
tr
ian
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
ed
allele
w
it
h
s
h
o
r
t
tan
d
e
m
r
ep
ea
t (
ST
R
)
o
f
a
n
all
ele
s
h
o
w
m
id
d
le
v
al
u
e,
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
leg
is
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
0
.
4
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
allele
w
it
h
1
.
T
h
en
t
o
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
ea
ch
allel
es o
f
a
lo
cu
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
u
s
e
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
.
-
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
:
I
n
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
allele
f
o
c
u
s
1
<in
d
i
v
id
u
al
allele
f
o
cu
s
2
a
n
d
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
t,
a1
,
a2
an
d
b
1
u
s
ed
d
o
u
b
le
d
ata
t
y
p
e.
t =
s
i
m
i
lar
it
y
s
co
r
e
a2
=
f
ir
s
t a
llele
a2
=
a1
+
0
.
2
b
1
=
s
ec
o
n
d
allele
–
0
.
2
r
ep
lace
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
a3
,
b
1
an
d
a2
(
r
ef
er
r
in
g
t
o
t
h
eir
o
r
ig
in
a
l
d
ef
in
it
io
n
)
w
it
h
o
n
l
y
th
e
alle
l
e
v
alu
e
1
an
d
as t
h
e
allele
v
al
u
e
2
,
an
d
as a
s
y
m
b
o
l
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
,
i
t b
ec
o
m
e
s
:
)
-
-
)
-
(
2
)
f
u
r
t
h
er
b
r
ea
k
in
g
d
o
w
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
b
y
d
o
in
g
s
i
m
p
le
m
u
l
tip
licatio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
:
)
(
3
)
f
i
n
all
y
,
d
i
v
id
e
an
d
m
u
ltip
l
y
t
h
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
,
an
d
f
i
n
all
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
lest
l
in
ea
r
f
o
r
m
is
b
eg
o
tte
n
:
(
4
)
As
o
b
v
io
u
s
as
it
s
ee
m
s
,
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
t
u
r
n
s
o
u
t
to
b
e
a
s
i
m
p
le
li
n
ea
r
eq
u
atio
n
.
T
h
is
n
e
w
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
its
p
er
f
e
ctl
y
i
n
to
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
T
ak
ag
i
-
S
u
g
en
o
FIS
o
u
tp
u
t,
w
h
ich
tak
e
s
ar
g
u
m
e
n
ts
a
s
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
b
u
ild
i
n
g
a
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
el
a
s
an
o
u
tp
u
t.
2
.
2
.
DNA
s
i
m
i
la
rit
y
m
ea
s
ure
m
en
t
m
et
ho
d
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
g
iv
e
n
a
DN
A
s
a
m
p
le
allele
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
b
o
th
p
ar
en
ts
to
th
r
ee
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
c
h
ild
h
ad
in
h
er
ited
o
n
e
allele
f
r
o
m
h
er
m
o
th
er
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
allele
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
at
h
er
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ch
ild
h
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
alleles
f
at
h
er
an
d
t
w
o
allel
es
o
f
th
e
m
o
t
h
er
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
ch
ild
h
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
allele
s
f
at
h
er
an
d
t
w
o
alleles
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
t
h
er
.
Fro
m
th
e
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
ca
n
b
e
in
f
er
r
e
d
th
at,
i
f
a
c
h
ild
h
as
alleles
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
ath
er
s
,
th
e
t
w
o
alleles a
s
ce
r
tain
ed
m
o
th
er
'
s
,
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
allele
w
i
ll
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
atr
ilin
ea
l,
t
h
en
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
allel
e
w
ill
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
atr
ilin
ea
l.
T
h
is
ca
u
s
e
s
t
h
er
e
will
b
e
t
w
o
t
i
m
e
s
ca
lc
u
latio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
w
it
h
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
allele
f
at
h
er
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
in
g
alle
le
b
o
th
w
ith
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
o
t
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
is
to
co
m
p
ar
e
b
o
th
w
it
h
r
e
f
er
en
ce
alleles
an
d
al
lele
f
at
h
er
f
ir
s
t
w
it
h
r
e
f
er
en
ce
m
o
t
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
is
(
eg
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
th
at
t
h
er
e
f
at
h
er
an
d
m
o
th
er
d
o
n
o
t e
x
is
t)
:
1.
T
ak
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
alle
le
o
f
a
s
ib
li
n
g
,
if
t
h
e
allele
i
s
p
r
esen
t
at
o
n
e
allele
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
a
th
er
,
th
e
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
allel
e
ce
r
tain
l
y
b
elo
n
g
ed
to
th
e
m
o
th
er
.
I
f
n
o
,
th
en
it i
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t a
lle
le
th
at
b
elo
n
g
ed
to
th
e
m
o
t
h
er
.
2.
Do
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t si
b
lin
g
s
T
h
e
v
alu
e
tak
e
n
i
s
t
h
e
g
r
ea
te
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
Ge
n
er
alize
d
m
o
d
u
s
p
o
n
e
n
s
(
GM
P
)
.
Sin
ce
its
in
tr
o
d
u
ct
io
n
,
in
L
.
A
.
Z
ad
eh
’
s
p
ap
er
,
Gen
e
r
alize
d
Mo
d
u
s
P
o
n
en
s
(
GM
P
)
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
to
o
ls
in
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
r
ea
s
o
n
i
n
g
[
1
4
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
GM
P
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
w
i
th
o
u
t
an
y
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
if
v
er
i
f
ied
,
w
o
u
ld
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icit
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
f
er
r
ed
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
On
e
s
u
c
h
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
is
th
e
g
r
ad
u
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
p
r
e
m
i
s
e
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
is
an
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
a
f
a
m
il
y
tr
ee
th
at
co
n
tai
n
s
th
e
co
m
p
lete
f
a
m
il
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
a
mily
r
ela
tio
n
a
n
d
S
TR
-
DN
A
ma
tch
in
g
u
s
in
g
fu
z
z
y
in
feren
ce
(
Ma
r
ia
S
u
s
a
n
A
n
g
g
r
ea
in
y
)
1339
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
DNA
s
a
m
p
le
allele
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
en
t
an
d
c
h
ild
[
1
1
]
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fa
m
il
y
tr
ee
ex
a
m
p
le
As f
o
r
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
ar
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
1.
I
f
th
er
e
i
s
a
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
t
h
at
i
s
th
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
f
ath
er
a
n
d
m
o
th
er
,
th
e
n
s
ib
lin
g
s
in
th
e
f
a
m
il
y
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
=
lik
e
(
Vict
i
m
,
Fa
th
e
r
)
+
lik
e
(
Victi
m
,
Mo
t
h
er
)
Var
iab
le
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
is
a
m
atc
h
v
al
u
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
id
en
tif
icatio
n
,
in
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
th
e
f
i
n
al
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
P
r
ed
icate
s
i
m
ilar
(
A
,
B
)
is
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
m
ap
s
S
T
R
v
alu
e
s
o
f
A
an
d
B
t
h
e
r
ea
l
n
u
m
b
er
s
[
0
;
0
,
5
]
w
h
er
e
0
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
A
a
n
d
B
ar
e
n
o
t
s
i
m
ilar
itie
s
a
n
d
0
.
5
ar
e
th
at
A
a
n
d
B
h
av
e
s
i
m
ilar
p
er
f
ec
t [
1
5
]
.
2.
I
f
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
f
at
h
er
o
r
m
o
th
er
s
is
n
o
t
t
h
er
e,
b
u
t
th
er
e
ar
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
ib
lin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
icti
m
w
h
o
w
i
s
h
to
b
e
id
en
t
if
ied
.
Sib
lin
g
s
w
ill
b
e
a
s
u
b
s
tit
u
te
f
o
r
a
p
ar
en
t
w
h
o
d
o
es
n
o
t
e
x
i
s
t
b
ec
au
s
e
i
n
DN
A
s
ib
lin
g
s
t
h
er
e
ar
e
p
ar
en
tal
DN
A
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
alar
i
t
y
=
l
ik
e
(
Victi
m
,
Fat
h
er
)
+
P
s
eu
d
o
L
ik
e1
(
Victi
m
,
Fat
h
er
,
Sib
lin
g
)
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
with
t
h
e
p
ar
en
t,
if
t
h
e
f
at
h
er
o
r
m
o
th
er
i
s
n
o
t
th
er
e
t
h
en
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
s
i
m
i
lar
w
i
ll
b
e
w
o
r
t
h
0
.
I
t
ce
r
tain
l
y
w
o
u
ld
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
th
e
c
alcu
latio
n
to
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
th
u
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
e
w
f
u
n
ctio
n
t
h
at
is
P
s
e
u
d
o
L
ik
e
(
A
,
B
,
C
)
th
at
i
s
,
a
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
w
h
ic
h
m
ap
s
ST
R
A
,
B
,
an
d
a
s
et
o
f
ST
R
-
C
to
th
e
v
al
u
e
[
0
;
0
.
5
]
in
w
h
i
ch
th
e
v
al
u
e
g
en
er
ated
is
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
"
h
o
p
e"
r
ese
m
b
lan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
a
p
ar
en
t
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
B
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
B
is
th
e
f
at
h
er
,
th
en
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
"
h
o
p
e
"
th
at
is
g
en
er
ated
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
v
icti
m
an
d
h
i
s
m
o
t
h
er
.
Var
iab
le
C
o
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
s
et
o
f
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
ch
s
ib
li
n
g
ST
R
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it is
ass
u
m
ed
s
ib
li
n
g
s
o
p
ted
co
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
o
n
e.
3.
I
f
b
o
th
p
ar
e
n
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
th
er
e,
th
e
n
t
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
ta
k
en
f
r
o
m
b
io
lo
g
ical
s
ib
li
n
g
s
,
s
ib
lin
g
s
w
il
l
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
ts
b
o
th
p
ar
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
=
P
s
e
u
d
o
L
i
k
e2
(
Vict
i
m
,
Sib
li
n
g
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
1
3
3
5
-
1345
1340
I
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
u
s
e
a
n
e
w
f
u
n
ct
io
n
P
s
eu
d
o
L
ik
e2
(
A
,
B
)
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
m
a
p
p
in
g
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
et
ST
R
A
a
n
d
B
in
to
a
v
alu
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
[
0
,
1
]
w
ith
0
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
A
w
i
th
f
a
m
il
y
a
n
d
1
in
d
icate
s
a
p
er
f
ec
t
m
atc
h
.
4.
I
f
b
o
th
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
n
o
t t
h
er
e,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ib
li
n
g
s
,
g
r
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
s
t
ill t
h
er
e.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
=
lik
e
(
Vict
i
m
,
Gr
a
n
d
Fath
er
)
+
lik
e
(
Vict
i
m
,
Gr
a
n
d
Mo
th
er
)
Si
m
i
lar
p
r
ed
icate
(
A
,
B
)
is
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
t
h
at
m
ap
s
ST
R
v
alu
e
s
o
f
A
a
n
d
B
to
th
e
r
ea
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
[
0
;
0
.
2
5
]
w
h
er
e
0
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
A
an
d
B
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
s
i
m
ilar
a
n
d
0
.
2
5
s
tates
th
at
A
a
n
d
B
h
av
e
a
p
er
f
ec
t
r
ese
m
b
lan
ce
.
5.
I
f
b
o
th
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
ab
s
en
t
,
t
h
er
e
i
s
n
o
s
ib
li
n
g
s
,
o
n
e
g
r
a
n
d
p
ar
en
t sti
ll e
x
i
s
ts
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
=
lik
e
(
Vict
i
m
,
Gr
a
n
d
Fath
er
)
o
r
lik
e
(
Victi
m
,
Gr
a
n
d
Mo
th
er
)
6.
I
f
b
o
th
p
ar
en
t
s
ar
e
ab
s
en
t,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ib
lin
g
s
,
g
r
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
ab
s
en
t,
a
u
n
t
y
an
d
u
n
cl
e
ar
e
s
till
t
h
er
e,
th
e
eq
u
ati
o
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
=
lik
e
(
Vict
i
m
,
U
n
cl
e)
+
lik
e
(
Victi
m
,
A
u
n
t
y
)
Si
m
i
lar
p
r
ed
icate
(
A
,
B
)
is
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
t
h
at
m
ap
s
ST
R
v
alu
e
s
o
f
A
a
n
d
B
to
th
e
r
ea
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
[
0
;
0
.
2
5
]
w
h
er
e
0
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
A
an
d
B
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
s
i
m
ilar
a
n
d
0
.
2
5
s
tates
th
at
A
a
n
d
B
h
av
e
a
p
er
f
ec
t
r
ese
m
b
lan
ce
.
7.
I
f
b
o
th
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
ab
s
en
t,
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
s
ib
li
n
g
s
,
g
r
a
n
d
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
ab
s
en
t,
o
n
e
au
n
t
y
/
u
n
cle
s
ti
ll
ex
i
s
ts
,
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
=
lik
e
(
Vict
i
m
,
U
n
cl
e)
o
r
lik
e
(
Victi
m
,
A
u
n
t
y
)
8.
I
f
b
o
th
p
ar
en
t
s
ar
e
ab
s
en
t,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ib
lin
g
s
,
g
r
an
d
f
at
h
er
/g
r
an
d
m
o
th
er
i
s
m
is
s
in
g
,
a
u
n
t
y
/
u
n
cle
d
id
n
o
t
ex
is
t,
t
h
er
e
is
s
t
ill a
co
u
s
in
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
=
P
s
e
u
d
o
L
i
k
e3
(
Vict
i
m
,
C
o
u
s
i
n
s
)
I
n
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
u
s
e
a
n
e
w
f
u
n
ctio
n
P
s
e
u
d
o
L
i
k
e3
(
A
,
B
)
in
w
h
ich
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
m
a
p
p
ed
v
alu
e
s
et
ST
R
A
an
d
B
in
to
a
s
i
m
il
ar
it
y
v
al
u
e
[
0
,
1
]
w
it
h
0
in
d
ica
tes
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
A
an
d
h
i
s
f
a
m
il
y
a
n
d
o
n
e
d
ec
lar
ed
a
p
er
f
ec
t
m
atc
h
.
9.
I
f
b
o
th
p
ar
en
t
s
ar
e
ab
s
e
n
t,
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
s
ib
li
n
g
s
,
g
r
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
ab
s
en
t,
a
u
n
t
y
/ u
n
cle
is
ab
s
en
t,
co
u
s
in
s
ar
e
ab
s
en
t,
n
ep
h
e
w
s
til
l e
x
i
s
ts
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
lies
:
Si
m
i
lar
it
y
=
P
s
e
u
d
o
L
i
k
e4
(
Vict
i
m
,
Nep
h
e
w
s
)
I
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
u
s
e
a
n
e
w
f
u
n
ctio
n
P
s
eu
d
o
L
i
k
e4
(
A
,
B
)
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
s
m
ap
p
ed
v
alu
e
s
et
ST
R
A
an
d
B
in
to
a
s
i
m
il
ar
it
y
v
al
u
e
[
0
,
1
]
w
it
h
0
in
d
ica
tes
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
m
atc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
A
an
d
h
i
s
f
a
m
il
y
a
n
d
o
n
e
d
ec
lar
ed
a
p
er
f
ec
t
m
atc
h
.
2.
3
.
F
uzzy
i
nfe
re
nce
o
f
ea
ch
DNA
pro
f
ile
lo
cus
I
n
p
u
t
f
o
r
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
e
n
ce
is
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
o
f
t
wo
alleles
o
n
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
lo
cu
s
,
an
d
th
e
r
es
u
lt
is
th
e
s
i
m
ila
r
it
y
v
a
lu
e
o
f
ea
c
h
lo
cu
s
o
f
t
h
e
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
m
e
th
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
i
s
in
f
er
en
ce
:
Su
g
e
n
o
an
d
Ma
m
d
an
i
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
atio
n
o
f
w
h
ich
is
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
th
e
d
ef
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
ed
a
n
d
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
et
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ar
e
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
eq
u
atio
n
lies
i
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
p
u
t
f
u
z
z
y
i
n
f
er
e
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
in
p
u
t
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
s
ets,
a
n
d
in
f
er
en
ce
r
u
les
u
s
ed
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
t
w
o
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
allele1
a
n
d
allele2
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
al
leles
h
a
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
e
m
b
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s
h
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p
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et.
Geo
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icall
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an
o
v
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w
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f
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m
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m
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ip
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r
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1341
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u
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Gr
ap
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ip
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u
n
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[
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5
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T
h
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ip
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ip
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u
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
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ated
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n
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s
,
t
h
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ated
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h
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s
f
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ll si
m
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it
y
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Data
u
s
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i
n
th
e
e
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DN
A
p
r
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r
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tis
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,
Un
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I
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f
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e
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m
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s
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A
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r
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1
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as a
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.
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w
it
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in
d
ee
d
m
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m
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s
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f
a
m
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.
T
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ex
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m
en
t
w
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b
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c
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n
d
u
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f
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ig
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p
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e
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ted
b
y
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Ma
tlab
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an
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m
.
T
h
e
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ase
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a
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DN
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3
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(
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ip
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et
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h
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it
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e
w
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th
ch
ar
ac
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r
len
g
th
1
.
DN
A
p
r
o
f
ile
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ata
o
f
P
C
R
id
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tific
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r
esu
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t
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tr
o
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r
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m
.
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en
t
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ize
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y
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n
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m
ilar
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h
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m
ilar
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ci.
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h
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e
o
f
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s
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m
ilar
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al
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v
al
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e
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m
ilar
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f
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.
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h
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.
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Fro
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ev
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h
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ca
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a
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.
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if
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v
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T
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4
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T
ab
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3
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3
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ti
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1
.
T
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4
s
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v
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
m
p
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t t
f
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w
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4.
CO
NCLU
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.