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e
w
all
tar
g
et
d
etec
tio
n
is
m
o
d
eled
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
av
e
s
t
u
d
io
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
r
ef
l
ec
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
tar
g
e
t
is
t
h
en
co
m
p
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ted
a
n
d
d
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o
n
s
tr
ated
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s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
.
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h
e
r
em
ai
n
i
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g
p
ap
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o
r
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a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
;
An
te
n
n
a
d
esig
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ased
o
n
R
T
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5
8
8
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w
it
h
co
m
p
let
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s
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m
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lat
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m
o
d
el
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n
clu
d
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n
g
w
all
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d
tar
g
et
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s
in
g
GP
R
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
.
W
h
ile,
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
o
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tain
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lt
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
in
r
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lt
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
.
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s
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s
u
m
m
ar
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co
m
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th
e
f
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n
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2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
AND
S
I
M
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AT
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O
N
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B
AS
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D
E
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NT
T
h
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p
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p
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ten
n
a
d
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n
a
n
d
s
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m
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la
tio
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ased
g
r
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n
d
p
en
etr
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g
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ad
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m
en
t
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p
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f
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r
m
ed
u
s
i
n
g
C
ST
Mic
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o
w
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s
t
u
d
io
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n
t
h
is
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te
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n
a
d
esi
g
n
s
tr
u
ct
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r
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d
ex
p
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m
en
tal
p
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u
r
e
is
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iv
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in
to
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w
o
s
u
b
-
s
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t
io
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s
.
Sec
tio
n
2
.
1
.
p
r
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t
s
a
b
o
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t
th
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d
esi
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n
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n
g
o
f
u
ltra
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d
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n
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p
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r
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n
d
p
en
etr
at
in
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ad
ar
th
at
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
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le
f
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r
d
etec
tio
n
ap
p
licatio
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,
wh
er
ea
s
Sectio
n
2
.
2
.
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
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s
i
m
u
la
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io
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b
a
s
ed
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
an
te
n
n
a,
o
b
s
tacle
an
d
tar
g
et
m
o
d
els
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
s
t
u
d
io
.
2
.
1
.
T
he
Ant
en
na
D
esig
n
T
o
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
an
u
ltra
-
w
id
eb
an
d
an
te
n
n
a
d
esi
g
n
f
o
r
GP
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tech
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o
lo
g
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a
n
d
to
ad
d
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ess
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
w
all
p
en
etr
atio
n
f
u
n
c
tio
n
,
a
p
l
an
ar
s
h
if
ted
ar
c
s
h
ap
ed
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te
n
n
a
b
ased
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n
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o
g
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s
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ate
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=
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h
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ted
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n
d
s
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u
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r
e
c
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ter
is
t
i
cs
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r
o
p
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s
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d
u
r
in
g
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
ar
c
s
h
ap
e
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a,
a
n
ell
ip
tical
p
atch
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ad
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ed
f
ir
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t
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d
t
h
en
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tial
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lar
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o
d
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ce
d
to
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ar
d
s
t
h
e
m
in
o
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ax
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o
f
ellip
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p
atch
.
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ater
,
th
is
cir
c
u
lar
s
lo
t
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
p
ti
m
ized
b
y
s
h
i
f
t
i
n
g
it
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u
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tu
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e
t
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s
ca
tter
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n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
T
h
e
d
esig
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ed
UW
B
ar
c
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ten
n
a
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
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1
(
a)
,
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h
er
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th
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s
ize
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ter
m
s
o
f
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ate.
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h
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m
p
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o
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UW
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f
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atch
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[
8
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o
v
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th
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b
an
d
f
r
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m
3
-
10
GHz.
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o
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m
atc
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m
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6
d
B
,
a
DGS
m
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[
9
]
is
u
s
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a
n
d
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lo
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ar
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(
b
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1
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(
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e
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all
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tech
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E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
e
l
e
c
ted
T
o
p
ics
in
Ap
p
li
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a
rth
O
b
se
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a
ti
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n
s
a
n
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Rem
o
te
S
e
n
si
n
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
2
9
-
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6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
A
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
UWB
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
A
ir
-
Co
u
p
le
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p
u
lse
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ro
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trati
n
g
Ra
d
a
r,
"
I
EE
E
Ge
o
sc
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
sin
g
L
e
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e
r
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
9
2
-
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6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
E.
A
.
Et
e
ll
isi,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
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id
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n
d
M
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S
im
u
lt
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n
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s
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ra
n
sm
it
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n
d
Re
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e
iv
e
(S
TA
R)
A
n
ten
n
a
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
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An
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
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o
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g
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v
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l
.
6
4
,
p
p
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6
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5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
E.
A
.
Et
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ll
isi,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
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id
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n
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o
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e
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o
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o
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ti
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lt
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n
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re
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e
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n
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s
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ste
m
,
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in
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In
ter
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a
t
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S
y
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n
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n
te
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n
a
s
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n
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Pr
o
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g
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ti
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n
(
AP
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UR
S
I
)
,
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a
jard
o
,
p
p
.
1
8
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1
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1
8
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1
6
.
[8
]
S
.
Ko
z
iel
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
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re
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n
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Driv
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sig
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CP
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d
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A
n
ten
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a
,
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An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
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W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
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.
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[9
]
R.
A
.
P
a
n
d
h
a
re
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
in
iatu
rize
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m
icro
strip
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ten
n
a
a
rra
y
u
sin
g
d
e
f
e
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ted
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ro
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n
d
stru
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t
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re
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it
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n
h
a
n
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e
d
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
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e
,
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g
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g
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c
ien
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e
a
n
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T
e
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h
n
o
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y
,
a
n
I
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ter
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l
J
o
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l
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l.
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p
p
.
1
3
6
0
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1
3
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7
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2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
N.
M
.
T
a
m
y
is
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Die
lec
tric
p
ro
p
e
rties
o
f
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ma
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sk
in
i
n
v
i
v
o
in
t
h
e
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
ra
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g
e
2
0
–
38
GH
z
fo
r
4
2
h
e
a
lt
h
y
v
o
lu
n
tee
rs
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in
P
ro
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d
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s o
f
th
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2
8
t
h
URSI
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e
n
e
ra
l
A
ss
e
m
b
l
y
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
1
]
D.
J.
Da
n
iels,
“
G
ro
u
n
d
P
e
n
e
trati
n
g
Ra
d
a
r
,
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L
o
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o
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e
In
sti
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E
n
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d
T
e
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h
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o
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o
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y
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
X
.
Zen
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
c
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ra
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y
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v
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n
d
T
i
m
e
Do
m
a
in
S
y
ste
m
s
f
o
r
M
ic
ro
w
a
v
e
I
m
a
g
in
g
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
An
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
Pr
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n
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v
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l
.
5
9
,
p
p
.
4
2
7
9
-
4
2
8
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
s
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@u
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e
d
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.
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y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.