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r
e
r
elev
an
t
r
esu
lt
s
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
W
L
E
D
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
,
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
t
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
ts
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
ch
r
o
m
a
tic
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
a
m
u
l
ti
-
c
h
ip
L
E
D
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
t
h
at
tar
g
eted
at
t
h
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
s
u
c
h
as
l
u
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t,
C
R
I
,
an
d
ch
r
o
m
atic
q
u
alit
y
,
w
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
an
i
n
n
o
v
ati
v
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
ex
p
lo
it
s
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
eo
u
s
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
wh
ile
ad
d
in
g
in
n
e
w
asp
ec
ts
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
in
t
h
e
d
u
al
-
la
y
er
W
L
E
D
at
6
6
0
0
K
C
C
T
is
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
e
l
u
m
e
n
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
C
R
I
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
p
r
o
v
e
n
to
b
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
et
u
p
f
o
r
W
L
E
D
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
-
c
u
p
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
co
n
f
o
r
m
al
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
af
ter
th
e
ac
h
iev
ed
l
u
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
i
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
a
ted
as
b
etter
th
an
o
t
h
er
s
[
2
3
-
2
5
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
a
lac
k
o
f
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
i
n
th
e
ap
p
licab
le
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
o
r
W
L
E
D.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
co
n
d
u
cted
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
o
n
a
n
e
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
k
n
o
w
n
as
t
h
e
y
ello
w
-
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
,
o
n
W
L
E
Ds
w
it
h
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
allo
w
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
i
n
ea
ch
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
ass
i
s
ts
t
h
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
b
est
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
y
el
lo
w
-
g
r
ee
n
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
la
y
s
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
o
le
f
o
r
ch
r
o
m
atic
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eit
y
an
d
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
f
f
icac
y
s
o
th
at
th
e
g
r
ea
te
s
t
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
co
u
ld
b
e
attain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ials
i
n
MCW
-
L
E
D
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ca
tte
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
SrB
aSiO4
:Eu
2+
p
ar
ticles
w
il
l
d
ec
id
e
lig
h
t
in
g
q
u
alit
y
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
.
R
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
te
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
w
it
h
t
w
o
f
lat
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
(
FD
R
P
)
an
d
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
ith
t
w
o
cu
r
v
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
(
C
DR
P
)
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
a
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
s
t
u
d
y
clai
m
s
t
h
at
FDR
P
is
th
e
b
etter
c
h
o
ice
a
s
C
D
R
P
y
ield
s
le
s
s
l
u
m
e
n
wh
ile
h
av
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
f
ab
r
icati
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
d
u
al
-
r
e
m
o
te
W
L
E
D
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
is
s
i
m
u
lated
w
it
h
FDR
P
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
[
2
6
-
2
8
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
a
s
3
p
h
ases
:
(
1
)
Si
m
u
lati
n
g
t
h
e
M
C
W
-
L
E
D
s
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e;
(
2
)
A
p
p
l
y
in
g
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
as
a
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
th
e
M
C
W
-
L
E
Ds
;
(
3
)
Stu
d
y
i
n
g
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
th
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
co
e
f
f
icien
t
.
I
n
s
u
m
,
m
i
x
i
n
g
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
a
n
d
Y
A
G:
C
e
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
to
g
et
h
er
i
s
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
as
an
o
p
ti
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
q
u
al
it
y
an
d
lig
h
ti
n
g
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
in
th
i
s
m
a
n
u
s
cr
i
p
t
ar
e
u
s
ef
u
l
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
f
o
r
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
an
d
ch
r
o
m
atic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
w
h
ile
also
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
s
in
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
u
itab
le
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
f
o
r
q
u
alit
y
W
L
E
Ds p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
2.
P
RE
P
ARA
T
I
O
N
AN
D
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
P
re
pa
ra
t
io
n o
f
y
ello
w
-
g
re
en
SrB
a
SiO
4
:
E
u
2+
ph
o
s
ph
o
r
Yello
w
-
g
r
ee
n
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles
co
n
tain
m
an
y
s
u
p
er
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
g
r
ea
t
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
y
ield
an
d
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
at
h
i
g
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
w
i
t
h
a
n
e
m
is
s
io
n
p
ea
k
u
p
to
2
.
3
6
eV,
w
h
ich
m
a
k
es
it
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
p
o
p
u
lar
r
ec
en
tl
y
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
an
d
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
lu
m
i
n
esce
n
c
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
SrC
O
3
,
B
aCO
3
,
SiO
2
,
E
u
2
O
3
,
NH
4
C
l,
an
d
Eu
2+
io
n
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
r
a
w
m
ate
r
ials
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
So
m
e
h
ea
v
y
d
u
t
y
a
n
d
lo
n
g
li
f
eti
m
e
f
l
u
o
r
escen
t
li
g
h
t
s
p
r
ef
er
to
u
s
e
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
tu
r
n
s
in
to
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
co
m
m
er
cializ
ed
o
x
id
e
m
ater
ial
i
n
th
e
li
g
h
t
in
g
m
ar
k
et.
T
h
e
f
ab
r
ic
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
is
d
escr
ib
ed
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Firstl
y
,
th
e
m
ater
ial
s
ar
e
s
o
ak
ed
in
w
ater
to
b
e
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ein
g
cr
u
s
h
ed
in
to
s
m
al
l
p
ar
ticles.
T
h
en
th
e
y
w
il
l
b
e
p
u
l
v
er
ized
as
s
o
o
n
a
s
b
ein
g
d
r
ied
in
t
h
e
air
.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
o
w
d
er
w
i
ll
b
e
h
ea
ted
i
n
a
clo
s
ed
q
u
ar
tz
t
u
b
e
w
it
h
C
O
at
1
1
0
0
º
C
f
o
r
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
an
d
cr
u
s
h
ed
in
to
p
o
w
d
er
b
y
d
r
y
g
r
in
d
in
g
.
T
h
en
5
.
4
g
NH
4
C
l
is
ad
d
ed
an
d
m
ix
ed
with
th
is
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
b
y
d
r
y
g
r
i
n
d
in
g
.
Nex
t,
t
h
e
y
w
ill
b
e
r
eh
ea
ted
in
th
e
ca
p
p
ed
q
u
ar
tz
tu
b
es
w
it
h
C
O
at
1
1
0
0
º
C
f
o
r
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
an
d
w
ill
b
e
p
u
lv
er
ized
.
Fin
al
l
y
,
t
h
e
m
ate
r
ials
ar
e
w
as
h
ed
i
n
w
ater
s
e
v
er
al
ti
m
es (
p
H
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
1
0
to
1
2
)
an
d
d
r
ied
af
ter
w
ar
d
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
y
el
lo
w
-
g
r
ee
n
-
e
m
itti
n
g
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
I
n
g
r
e
d
i
e
n
t
M
o
l
e
(
%)
B
y
w
e
i
g
h
t
(
g
)
M
o
l
a
r
mass
(
g
/
mo
l
)
M
o
l
e
(
mo
l
)
I
o
n
s
M
o
l
e
(
mo
l
)
M
o
l
e
(
%)
S
r
C
O
3
3
1
.
2
8
1
4
5
1
4
7
.
6
3
0
.
9
8
2
Sr
2+
0
.
9
8
2
0
.
0
8
8
BaCO
3
3
1
.
7
9
1
9
7
1
9
7
.
3
4
0
.
9
9
8
Ba
2+
0
.
9
9
8
0
.
0
9
0
S
i
O
2
3
3
.
4
0
63
6
0
.
0
8
1
.
0
4
9
Si
4+
1
.
0
4
9
0
.
0
9
4
Eu
2
O
3
0
.
3
2
3
.
5
3
5
1
.
9
2
6
0
.
0
1
O
2
-
8
.
0
6
8
0
.
7
2
6
NH
4
Cl
3
.
2
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ctu
r
es.
W
h
en
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
SC
a
ls
o
te
n
d
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
r
eg
ar
d
les
s
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
p
ar
ticle
s
ize.
W
ith
a
s
ize
o
f
ab
o
u
t
1
μ
m
,
S
C
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
an
d
m
a
k
i
n
g
co
l
o
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
it
y
b
etter
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
t
h
e
lar
g
er
s
ize
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
if
th
e
tar
g
et
i
s
C
Q
S
,
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
s
ize
ca
n
b
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
1
μ
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
S
r
B
a
S
iO
4
:Eu
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
:
a
n
o
ve
l a
p
p
lica
tio
n
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
…
(
N
g
u
ye
n
Th
i P
h
u
o
n
g
Lo
a
n
)
5151
W
h
en
it
i
s
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
7
μ
m
,
t
h
e
S
C
v
al
u
e
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
i
s
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
r
e
g
ar
d
les
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
b
r
in
g
s
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
(
C
QS)
o
f
L
E
D
lig
h
t
s
a
lo
t
o
f
b
en
ef
it
s
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
if
t
h
e
tar
g
et
i
s
C
QS,
s
ize
le
s
s
th
a
n
7
m
ca
n
b
e
ch
o
s
en
.
A
p
p
ar
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
SC
v
al
u
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2
+
p
ar
ticles
an
d
also
th
eir
d
ia
m
eter
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
w
h
y
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
e
f
f
icien
c
y
an
d
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
o
f
th
e
L
E
Ds.
T
h
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
co
lo
r
d
ev
iatio
n
r
esu
lt o
f
MCW
-
L
E
D
as ill
u
s
tr
a
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Scatter
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
in
g
a
t 4
5
3
n
m
a
s
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
s
ize
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
:
(
a)
C
P
G;
(
b
)
I
P
G
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
C
C
T
p
ea
k
-
v
alle
y
d
ev
iatio
n
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
a
n
d
s
ize
o
f
Sr
B
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
:
(
a)
C
P
G;
(
b
)
I
P
G;
an
d
(
c
)
R
PG
T
h
e
C
C
T
p
ea
k
d
ev
iatio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
w
h
e
n
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
is
in
v
o
l
v
ed
an
d
k
ee
p
g
o
in
g
as
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
at
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
s
p
atia
l
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
M
C
W
-
L
E
D
w
it
h
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2
+
is
m
u
ch
b
etter
th
a
n
w
h
en
t
h
e
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2
+
i
s
ab
s
en
ce
.
T
h
er
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
b
alan
ce
b
etw
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
ac
to
r
s
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
i
s
s
u
e
s
b
ec
au
s
e
i
f
w
e
o
n
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
o
n
e
ele
m
e
n
t,
o
p
ti
ca
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
b
e
w
ea
k
i
n
o
th
er
a
s
p
ec
ts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
g
r
ea
tes
t
C
QS
a
n
d
th
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
wh
ite
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
e
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
t
h
at
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
a
n
d
w
id
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ef
f
icien
c
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
ax
i
m
ized
in
m
o
n
o
ch
r
o
m
atic
r
ad
iatio
n
o
f
5
5
5
n
m
w
a
v
elen
g
t
h
to
b
etter
C
R
I
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
em
a
in
i
n
g
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
at
n
ee
d
o
p
ti
m
iz
atio
n
ar
e
C
QS,
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
flu
x
,
an
d
C
C
T
P
-
V
d
ev
iatio
n
v
alu
e
s
.
B
elo
w
ar
e
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
th
at
ill
u
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
W
L
E
D
w
it
h
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
t
h
at
s
h
o
w
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
5
1
4
7
-
51
5
4
5152
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
s
ca
le
(
C
QS)
i
n
W
L
E
D
w
it
h
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
th
e
s
e
f
i
g
u
r
es
t
h
at
t
h
e
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
y
iel
d
g
r
o
w
s
alo
n
g
w
it
h
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
if
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
co
n
ti
n
u
es
to
g
r
o
w
h
ig
h
er
,
t
h
e
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
w
il
l
s
ti
ll
f
o
llo
w
,
e
v
e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
C
QS
w
i
ll
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
o
r
W
L
E
Ds
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
C
QS
v
al
u
es,
it i
s
ad
v
is
ab
le
to
li
m
it t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
u
n
d
er
p
er
m
i
tted
lev
el
to
p
r
ev
en
t
d
a
m
ag
in
g
C
QS.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
SrBaSiO
4
:Eu
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
d
e
v
elo
p
s
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
b
u
t
n
o
t si
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
,
it
w
ill co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
b
etter
C
C
T
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
g
r
ea
ter
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
L
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
ef
f
icac
y
a
s
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
an
d
s
ize
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
:
(
a)
C
P
G;
(
b
)
I
P
G;
an
d
(
c
)
R
PG
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
s
ca
le
a
s
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
an
d
s
ize
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
:
(
a)
C
P
G;
(
b
)
I
P
G;
an
d
(
c
)
R
PG
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
S
r
B
a
S
iO
4
:Eu
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
:
a
n
o
ve
l a
p
p
lica
tio
n
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
…
(
N
g
u
ye
n
Th
i P
h
u
o
n
g
Lo
a
n
)
5153
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
y
ello
w
-
g
r
ee
n
SrB
aSi
O
4
:Eu
2+
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
an
d
lig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
d
e
v
ice
s
w
as
v
er
if
ied
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
in
t
h
e
ar
ticle.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
th
is
r
esear
ch
ar
e
also
v
iab
le
to
co
n
clu
d
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
s
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
First,
n
o
m
a
tter
w
h
at
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
C
C
T
v
al
u
e,
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
ca
n
b
e
v
er
y
d
i
v
er
s
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
Mie
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
th
eo
r
y
.
T
h
is
is
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
li
g
h
t
lo
s
s
f
r
o
m
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
i
n
w
h
ite
L
E
D
p
ac
k
a
g
es.
Seco
n
d
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
ica
c
y
is
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
w
it
h
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
P
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
,
th
e
e
m
itted
li
g
h
t
w
i
ll
g
r
o
w
as
lo
n
g
a
s
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
k
ee
p
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
at
an
y
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
g
eo
m
etr
y
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
s
elec
t
in
g
S
r
B
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
m
ater
ials
a
s
w
el
l
as
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
w
h
ite
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
e
s
.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
SrB
aSiO
4
:Eu
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
m
ater
ial,
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
o
f
th
is
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
o
n
i
to
r
ed
in
ap
p
lica
tio
n
as
an
y
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
i
s
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
lu
m
e
n
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
C
C
T
d
e
v
iatio
n
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
C
Q
S
ca
n
b
e
d
a
m
ag
ed
i
f
th
e
SrB
aSiO
4
:E
u
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
is
to
o
h
ig
h
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
p
r
ese
n
ted
a
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
y
ello
w
-
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
to
W
L
E
D
b
u
t
al
s
o
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
g
eo
m
etr
y
an
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
o
p
en
s
m
o
r
e
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
eir
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
leav
es
v
al
u
ab
le
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
t
u
d
ies.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
C.
T
ian
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
n
4+
a
c
ti
v
a
ted
A
l2
O
3
r
e
d
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
c
e
ra
m
ic
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
w
it
h
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
t
th
e
rm
a
l
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
,
"
Op
ti
c
s
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
2
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
6
6
-
3
2
6
7
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
J.
Ch
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
h
o
to
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
Ca
4
La
6
(S
iO
4
)
4
(
P
O
4
)
2
O
2
-
b
a
se
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
rs
f
o
r
wLEDs,”
Ch
in
e
se
Op
ti
c
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
0
5
1
6
0
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
X
.
L
iu
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Up
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
,
in
tri
n
sic
o
p
ti
c
a
l
b
ist
a
b
il
it
y
,
a
n
d
o
p
ti
c
a
l
th
e
rm
o
m
e
tr
y
in
Ho
3+
/
Yb
3+
:
Ba
M
o
O
4
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
rs,”
Ch
i
n
.
O
p
t.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
6
0
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
S
h
a
o
j
u
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
tran
s
f
e
r
b
e
tw
e
e
n
Ce
3+
a
n
d
T
b
3+
a
n
d
th
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
g
re
e
n
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
S
rB
2
O
4
:Ce
3+
,
T
b
3+
,
Na
+
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
2
-
1
1
8
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
Ya
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
l
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
in
-
g
las
s
b
a
se
d
w
h
it
e
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
p
a
c
k
a
g
in
g
stru
c
tu
re
,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
Op
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
2
9
,
p
p
.
8
1
8
9
-
8
1
9
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
Zh
e
n
g
f
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
-
d
o
p
i
n
g
S
i
io
n
s
o
n
p
e
rsiste
n
t
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
o
f
Zn
G
a
2
O
4
:
Cr
3+
re
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
rs,”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
i
a
ls E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
9
-
1
3
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
Jia
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
v
e
sti
g
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
th
e
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
o
f
B
a
2
M
g
(P
O
4
)
2
:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs
f
o
r
L
EDs,”
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
l
s
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
3
4
7
0
-
3
4
7
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
Jia
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
G
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
tu
n
a
b
l
e
-
e
m
issio
n
in
L
i
4
Ca
1
-
x
Sr
0.
96
+
x
(
S
iO
4
)
2:0.
04
Eu
2+
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs
f
o
r
L
EDs
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
i
a
ls E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
4
-
1
7
1
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
Hu
a
ju
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Clo
se
-
re
latio
n
s
h
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
lu
m
in
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
stru
c
t
u
ra
l
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
in
e
ff
icie
n
t
n
a
n
o
-
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Y
2
Mo
4
O
15
:Eu
3+
,
”
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
no.
3
,
p
p
.
4
9
0
-
4
9
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
Qi.
D.,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Circa
d
ian
-
e
ff
e
c
t
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
o
f
so
li
d
-
sta
te
li
g
h
ti
n
g
sp
e
c
tra
f
o
r
b
e
n
e
f
i
c
ial
a
n
d
tu
n
a
b
le
li
g
h
ti
n
g
,
”
Op
ti
c
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
2
0
0
4
9
-
2
0
0
5
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
Ru
ij
in
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Eu
3+
-
a
c
ti
v
a
ted
Cd
Y
4
Mo
3
O
16
n
a
n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
w
it
h
n
a
r
ro
w
re
d
-
e
m
issio
n
a
n
d
b
r
o
a
d
e
x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
in
n
e
a
r
-
UV
w
a
v
e
len
g
th
re
g
io
n
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
7
-
2
4
0
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
L
u
ti
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
L
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
t
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
n
o
v
e
l
re
d
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r:
G
d
2
O
2
CN
2
:Eu
3+
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
l
s
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
1
6
-
2
6
2
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
Yu
m
ik
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rsiste
n
t
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
Cr
3+
-
Sm
3+
a
c
ti
v
a
ted
La
A
lO
3
p
e
ro
v
sk
it
e
,
”
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
i
a
ls
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
0
-
1
5
0
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
Y.
J.
P
a
rk
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
ig
h
lu
m
in
o
u
s
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
re
d
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
in
-
g
las
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
e
r
L
ED
li
g
h
ti
n
g
sy
ste
m
s u
sin
g
o
u
r
o
rig
in
a
l
lo
w
T
g
a
n
d
T
s g
la
ss
,
”
Op
t.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
2
4
,
p
p
.
6
0
5
7
-
6
0
6
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
L
.
Ya
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
T
h
e
r
m
a
ll
y
sta
b
l
e
lea
d
-
f
re
e
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
i
n
g
las
s
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
li
g
h
t
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Ap
p
l.
O
p
t,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
p
p
.
4
0
9
9
-
4
1
0
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
T
.
Wei,
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
in
g
le
P
r
3+
-
a
c
ti
v
a
ted
h
ig
h
-
c
o
lo
r
-
sta
b
il
i
ty
f
lu
o
rid
e
w
h
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
f
o
r
w
h
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,”
Op
t.
M
a
ter
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
2
3
-
2
3
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
X
iao
n
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
l
o
r
-
t
u
n
a
b
le
u
p
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
p
h
o
to
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
h
ig
h
ly
p
e
rf
o
rm
e
d
o
p
ti
c
a
l
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
se
n
sin
g
in
Er
3+
/Yb
3+
co
-
d
o
p
e
d
Zn
W
O
4
,
”
Op
ti
c
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
p
p
.
2
2
4
3
8
-
2
2
4
4
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
S
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
L
u
m
in
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
th
e
Ce
3+
-
d
o
p
e
d
g
a
rn
e
ts:
t
h
e
c
a
se
o
f
G
d
-
a
d
m
i
x
e
d
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
tran
sp
a
re
n
t
c
e
ra
m
ics
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
2
9
0
2
-
2
9
1
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
Hu
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
L
iq
u
i
d
-
c
ry
sta
l
-
m
o
d
u
late
d
c
o
rre
late
d
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
tu
n
a
b
le
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
w
it
h
h
ig
h
ly
a
c
c
u
ra
te reg
u
latio
n
,
”
Op
ti
c
s E
x
p
r
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
A
1
4
9
-
A
1
5
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
0
]
Qi
Ho
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Hig
h
-
e
f
f
ici
e
n
c
y
q
u
a
n
tu
m
d
o
t
re
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
il
m
,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
Op
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
4
6
1
7
-
4
6
2
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
1
]
Cu
n
l
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Hig
h
ly
p
u
re
g
re
e
n
li
g
h
t
e
m
issio
n
o
f
p
e
ro
v
sk
it
e
CsPb
Br
3
q
u
a
n
t
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R.
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4
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.
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b
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l.
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5
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Q.
W
.
X
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l.
,
“
Na
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rted
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EDs,”
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p
l.
Op
t.
,
v
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l
.
5
8
,
n
o
.
2
7
,
p
p
.
7
6
4
9
-
7
6
5
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.