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Feb
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8708
I
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Vo
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8
,
No
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1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
4
2
1
–
4
2
8
422
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r
es
also
o
f
f
er
lo
w
er
I
off
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
lo
w
er
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
s
tr
ain
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
w
it
h
o
th
er
o
p
tio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
Mu
ltip
le
Gate
MO
S
FET
s
,
h
i
g
h
-
k
m
ater
ial
s
an
d
m
etal
g
ates,
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
k
ee
p
o
n
tr
ac
k
w
i
th
Mo
o
r
e’
s
la
w
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
tr
ain
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
w
it
h
h
ete
r
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
u
al
P
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
M
OSET
,
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
k
ee
p
o
n
tr
ac
k
w
it
h
Mo
o
r
e’
s
la
w
.
T
o
,
d
o
th
is
,
a
t
w
o
d
i
m
en
s
i
o
n
al
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
M
OSFET
,
b
iax
i
al
s
tr
ain
ed
P
-
MO
S
FET
an
d
d
u
al
ch
a
n
n
el
h
e
ter
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
t
r
ain
ed
P
-
MO
SF
E
T
h
as b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
to
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
es
e
d
ev
ices
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
.
T
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
allo
w
s
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
Stra
in
ed
S
ilico
n
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
u
n
s
tr
ain
ed
a
n
d
s
tr
ain
ed
MO
SF
E
T
allo
w
s
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
at
s
tr
ai
n
ed
s
ilico
n
w
it
h
id
en
t
ical
ch
an
n
el
le
n
g
th
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
th
an
a
n
u
n
s
tr
ain
ed
MO
S
FET
.
1
.
1
.
F
un
da
m
ent
a
ls
o
f
Str
a
in T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
A
w
a
y
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
is
t
o
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
m
at
er
ials
u
s
ed
in
t
h
eir
co
n
ce
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
t
y
o
f
s
ilico
n
to
e
x
h
ib
it
m
o
d
i
f
ied
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
w
h
i
le
s
tr
ain
ed
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
Fu
n
d
a
m
e
n
tall
y
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
in
d
s
o
f
s
tr
a
in
th
at
ar
e
ess
en
tiall
y
ten
s
i
le
s
tr
ai
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
ain
,
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
la
tti
ce
co
n
s
ta
n
ts
o
f
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
latt
ice
p
ar
a
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
Si
1
-
x
Ge
x
allo
y
at
a
g
i
v
e
n
Ge
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
"
x
"
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
Veg
ar
d
la
w
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
o
f
DI
SMUKE
S e
t a
l
[
6
]
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
th
e
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
g
iv
e
n
b
elo
w
:
=
(1
-
x)
+
x
(
1
)
=
+ 0
.
2
0
0
3
2
6
(
1
-
x)
+ (
–
)
x
2
(
2
)
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
s
tr
ain
ed
Sil
ico
n
b
asicall
y
r
elies
o
n
an
alter
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
eq
u
ilib
r
i
u
m
lattice
c
o
n
s
ta
n
t
o
f
s
ilico
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
ter
n
all
y
ap
p
lied
s
tr
ess
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
b
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
S
ili
co
n
is
ch
a
n
g
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
lattice
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
is
m
o
d
if
ica
tio
n
r
es
u
lts
i
n
s
u
p
er
io
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
,
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
m
o
b
ilit
ies
ar
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
,
w
it
h
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
b
ein
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
a
n
d
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
cr
y
s
tal
is
s
tr
es
s
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
o
f
s
tr
ai
n
ed
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
r
elied
h
ea
v
il
y
o
n
e
p
itax
ial
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
o
f
SiGe
o
n
to
s
ilico
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
all
y
,
s
t
r
ain
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
an
ep
ita
x
ia
l
g
r
o
w
n
o
f
a
th
i
n
f
il
m
o
f
Si
o
n
a
r
elax
ed
b
u
f
f
er
la
y
er
o
f
SiGe
allo
y
,
k
n
o
w
n
as
a
v
ir
t
u
al
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
VS)
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
lattice
m
is
m
atc
h
b
et
wee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
la
y
er
s
ca
u
s
e
s
b
iax
ial
te
n
s
ile
s
tr
ain
in
t
h
e
S
i,
li
k
e
i
t
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
its
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a)
A
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
b
u
lk
la
ttice
co
n
s
tan
t o
f
a
th
i
n
Si
1
−
x
Ge
x
f
i
l
m
to
b
e
g
r
o
w
n
o
n
to
p
o
f
a
th
i
n
b
u
l
k
-
s
ilico
n
la
y
er
.
(
b
)
A
s
ch
e
m
a
tic
d
iag
r
a
m
s
h
o
w
in
g
t
h
e
tetr
ag
o
n
al
lattice
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
wh
en
t
h
e
t
w
o
f
il
m
s
f
r
o
m
(
a)
ar
e
p
lace
d
to
g
eth
er
w
ith
t
h
e
to
p
Si
1−
x
Ge
x
f
il
m
b
ein
g
co
m
p
r
es
s
i
v
el
y
s
tr
ain
ed
.
(
c)
A
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
b
u
l
k
latt
ice
co
n
s
ta
n
ts
o
f
a
b
u
lk
-
Si
f
il
m
to
b
e
g
r
o
w
n
o
n
to
p
o
f
a
b
u
lk
-
Si
1−
y
Ge
y
f
il
m
.
(
d
)
A
s
c
h
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
f
il
m
s
i
n
(
c)
p
lace
d
to
g
eth
er
w
i
th
t
h
e
to
p
f
i
l
m
b
ein
g
te
n
s
ile
s
tr
ain
ed
[
8
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Mo
d
elin
g
a
n
d
S
imu
la
tio
n
o
f B
ia
xia
l S
tr
a
in
ed
P
-
M
OS
F
E
Ts
:
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
to
a
…. (
A
min
e
Mo
h
a
mme
d
Ta
b
erkit)
423
W
h
en
a
s
ilico
n
la
y
er
is
d
ep
o
s
ited
o
n
a
Si
1
-
x
Ge
x
la
y
er
,
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
e
f
o
r
e
,
w
e
n
o
tice
a
s
y
m
m
etr
y
b
r
ea
k
in
g
alo
n
g
th
e
ax
is
o
f
g
r
o
w
t
h
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
te
n
s
o
r
i
n
th
e
s
il
i
co
n
la
y
er
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
ε
II
=
(
3
)
ε
﬩
=
ε
II
(
4
)
W
h
er
e:
ε
II
is
th
e
p
ar
allel
s
tr
ain
d
ef
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
p
lan
e
(
x
,
y
)
,
ε
﬩
is
th
ep
er
p
en
d
icu
lar
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
to
t
h
e
p
la
n
e
o
f
g
r
o
w
t
h
(
z)
,
C
11
=
1
6
7
Gp
a
a
n
d
C
12
=
6
5
Gp
a
ar
e
t
h
e
ela
s
tic
co
n
s
tan
ts
o
f
Si.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
:
μ
eff
= (
q
.
τ
)
/m
*
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
q
:
is
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
1
/τ
th
e
co
llis
io
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
an
d
m
*:
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
a
s
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
as
s
m
*
th
at
is
i
ts
el
f
d
u
e
to
th
e
b
an
d
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
v
ala
n
ce
b
an
d
s
p
litt
i
n
g
o
f
h
ea
v
y
h
o
le
a
n
d
li
g
h
tl
y
h
o
le
is
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
is
w
h
y
t
h
er
e
w
ill b
e
m
o
r
e
h
o
les to
tr
av
el
w
it
h
a
li
g
h
ter
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
a
s
s
.
2.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
As
cited
b
e
f
o
r
e,
d
if
f
er
en
t
h
e
t
er
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
b
i
ax
ial
s
tr
ai
n
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
m
o
b
ilit
y
ch
a
n
n
el
m
ater
ials
.
T
o
d
o
th
is
,
ep
itax
ial
l
y
g
r
o
w
n
Si1
-
x
Ge
x
la
y
er
s
o
n
Si
b
u
lk
w
af
er
s
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
ap
p
lied
ac
tin
g
a
s
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
f
o
r
a
s
tr
ai
n
ed
s
ilico
n
la
y
er
th
at
g
r
o
w
s
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
A
T
HE
N
A
an
d
A
T
L
A
S
f
r
o
m
SI
L
V
AC
O
T
C
A
D
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
co
n
s
ec
u
ti
v
el
y
to
s
i
m
u
late
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
elec
tr
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
a
b
iax
ial
s
tr
ain
ed
an
d
a
s
tr
ai
n
ed
d
u
al
ch
a
n
n
el
h
eter
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
P
MO
SF
E
T
s
.
Sil
v
ac
o
T
C
AD
T
o
o
l
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
Vir
tu
al
f
ab
r
icatio
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
A
T
HE
N
A
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
i
m
u
lato
r
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
ir
t
u
al
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icatio
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d
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A
S d
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s
i
m
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la
to
r
is
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s
ed
f
o
r
d
ev
ice
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
.
[
1
4
]
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
t
u
d
y
w
it
h
ac
c
u
ar
cy
t
h
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m
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ac
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o
f
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tr
ai
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o
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ev
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p
er
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o
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a
n
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SiG
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la
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er
i
s
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tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
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h
e
n
e
w
s
tr
ai
n
ed
d
ev
ice
h
as
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
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eo
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etr
ical
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i
m
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s
i
o
n
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t
h
e
s
a
m
e
S/
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d
o
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n
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n
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at
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d
a
s
a
m
e
m
e
s
h
in
i
tializatio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
m
o
r
e
r
ef
i
n
ed
in
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
r
eg
io
n
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n
o
u
r
s
tr
u
ct
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r
es,
t
h
e
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o
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in
g
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
b
u
l
k
Sil
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et
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h
e
p
+
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D
r
eg
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n
s
w
er
e
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
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i
m
p
lan
tatio
n
at
2
0
k
eV
w
i
th
a
d
o
s
e
o
f
3
x
1
0
15
cm
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2
.
A
s
ilico
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
cr
y
s
tal
o
r
ien
tatio
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<1
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>
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a
s
u
s
ed
i
n
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
b
etter
in
ter
f
ac
e
b
et
w
ee
n
Si
/Si
O
2
.
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h
e
o
x
id
e
i
s
d
i
f
f
u
s
e
d
in
to
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
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ed
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ilico
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er
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h
9
3
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an
d
p
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ess
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r
e
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f
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m
.
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o
l
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ilico
n
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ep
o
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ited
w
it
h
a
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
u
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
1
x
1
0
16
cm
-
3
.
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h
e
s
tr
ain
e
d
-
Si
d
ev
ices
w
er
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
u
s
i
n
g
s
tr
ai
n
ed
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Si
ep
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ial
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y
er
s
g
r
o
w
n
o
n
r
elax
ed
-
S
iGe
b
y
g
a
s
s
o
u
r
ce
MB
E
at
8
0
0
°
C
.
th
i
s
is
w
h
at
e
x
p
l
ain
o
u
r
ch
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ice
o
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a
te
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p
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r
e
o
f
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0
0
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w
h
ich
i
s
a
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t p
ar
a
m
eter
.
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w
e
s
i
m
u
lated
a
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
f
o
r
w
h
ic
h
a
4
3
.
9
n
m
g
ate
o
x
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e
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
i
s
c
h
o
s
en
,
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
d
ev
ice,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
s
in
g
le
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
b
iax
ia
l
s
tr
ain
ed
P
MO
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g
ate
o
x
id
e
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
i
s
ab
o
u
t
1
0
n
m
.
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r
th
is
s
ec
o
n
d
d
ev
ice,
a
1
5
n
m
Si
Ge
la
y
er
w
it
h
a
p
r
o
p
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n
o
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tar
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at
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r
ad
u
all
y
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ea
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e
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0
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8
is
u
s
ed
,
a
2
7
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1
n
m
s
ec
o
n
d
la
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s
d
ep
o
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ited
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n
to
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o
f
th
e
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r
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s
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e
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th
Ge
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
0
.
9
.
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r
th
e
th
ir
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
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th
a
t
is
a
d
u
al
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
b
iax
ial
s
tr
ain
ed
P
MO
S
t
h
e
Si
Ge
la
y
er
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
i
s
eq
u
al
to
1
7
n
m
,
a
g
r
ad
u
a
ll
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
Ge
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
f
r
o
m
0
to
0
.
5
is
u
s
ed
.
A
2
8
n
m
Si
1
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y
Ge
y
la
y
er
t
h
ick
n
e
s
s
w
it
h
Ge
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
0
.
8
is
d
ep
o
s
ited
o
n
to
p
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
la
y
er
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
th
in
SiO
2
.
L
o
m
b
ar
d
i
(
C
VT
)
Mo
d
el
in
clu
d
i
n
g
N,
T
,
E
//
an
d
E
﬩
ef
f
ec
ts
,
an
d
S
h
o
ck
le
y
-
R
ea
d
-
Hall
(
S
R
H)
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
o
u
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
i
n
g
A
T
HE
N
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
i
m
u
lato
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ar
e
u
s
in
g
as
in
p
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ts
t
h
is
ti
m
ei
n
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AS
to
ex
tr
ac
t
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
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h
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
.
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y
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is
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a
y
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e
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n
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n
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n
d
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m
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ar
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h
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p
er
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o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
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h
e
d
if
f
er
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n
t r
es
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lt
s
o
f
o
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r
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n
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e
n
tio
n
al
P
MO
SF
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a
r
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g
iv
en
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
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u
r
e
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an
d
Fig
u
r
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4
.
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r
co
n
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e
n
tio
n
al
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as
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n
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o
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Fig
u
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.
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h
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v
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to
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n
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s
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o
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u
s
th
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an
g
e
is
ch
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s
e
n
also
to
p
r
o
m
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te
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d
g
a
in
b
en
e
f
it
s
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
lo
w
er
v
o
ltag
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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m
p
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,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
4
2
1
–
4
2
8
424
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
v
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n
tio
n
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P
-
C
h
a
n
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el
M
OSFET
s
tr
u
ct
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r
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u
s
in
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s
i
lco
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d
A
T
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NA
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o
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le
Fig
u
r
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3
.
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r
an
s
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er
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ar
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ter
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co
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t
io
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P
MO
SF
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o
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tain
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u
s
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AT
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Fig
u
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4
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tp
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ar
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ter
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f
o
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th
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s
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A
T
L
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m
o
d
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Fig
u
r
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5
.
Me
s
h
i
n
itializa
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
th
e
b
iax
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s
tr
ain
ed
P
-
MO
S
FET
,
o
b
tain
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u
s
i
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g
A
T
HE
N
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m
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Me
s
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-
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an
s
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ter
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u
r
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6
.
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ter
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th
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-
MO
S
FET
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o
b
tain
ed
u
s
i
n
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A
T
L
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m
o
d
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Fig
u
r
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7
.
Ou
tp
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t c
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ar
ac
ter
is
tic
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f
o
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th
e
B
iax
ia
l
s
tr
ain
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-
MO
S
FET
,
o
b
tain
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u
s
i
n
g
A
T
L
AS
m
o
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u
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
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Mo
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a
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d
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imu
la
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o
f B
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tr
a
in
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P
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p
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…. (
A
min
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mme
d
Ta
b
erkit)
425
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s
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s
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1
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Fig
u
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o
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u
r
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10
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I
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2
0
8
8
-
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I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
4
2
1
–
4
2
8
426
f
o
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u
r
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11
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u
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13
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[
1
1
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Fig
u
r
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14
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[
1
2
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
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m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
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16
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[
9
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1
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ater
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[1
]
t.
r.
f
.
se
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
rs,
“
e
m
e
rg
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g
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se
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rc
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s su
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,
”
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
A
.
A
.
C.
C.
G
.
T
.
M
istry
,
“
De
la
y
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f
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re
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r:
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.
[3
]
D.
a
.
A
.
K.
T
ir
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y
,
“
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sig
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S
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u
latio
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tl
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s,”
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a
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sis,
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p
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o
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la.,
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Feb
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428
[4
]
B.
C.
M
a
it
i,
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train
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ter
o
stru
c
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ield
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[5
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M
.
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:
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[6
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.
R.
P
.
J.
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.
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.
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.
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[8
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D.
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P
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0
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.
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3
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F
.
A
.
H.
R.
I.
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n
g
S
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,
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4
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“
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stra
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5
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M
.
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a
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F
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ra
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train
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Hig
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g
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train
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»
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0
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r
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