I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l
a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
3
4
4
1
~
3
4
5
0
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
1
0
i
4
.
p
p
3
4
4
1
-
3
4
5
0
3441
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ec
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
C
E
Fu
zz
y
log
ic applic
a
tions
f
o
r data
ac
quisi
tion sy
ste
m
s
o
f
pra
ctical
m
ea
s
ure
m
ent
M
uh
a
m
a
d H
a
d
din
,
Arie
f
M
a
rw
a
nt
o
,
Ag
us
Su
pra
j
it
no
,
M
un
a
f
I
s
m
a
il
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Isla
m
S
u
lt
a
n
A
g
u
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
Dec
9
,
2
0
1
9
A
cc
ep
ted
J
an
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
In
lab
o
ra
to
ry
w
o
rk
s,
th
e
e
rro
r
in
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t,
re
a
d
in
g
th
e
m
e
a
su
rrin
g
d
e
v
ice
s,
si
m
il
a
rit
y
o
f
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
d
a
ta
a
n
d
lac
k
o
f
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
p
ra
c
ti
c
u
m
m
a
teria
ls
a
re
o
f
ten
f
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
se
w
il
l
lea
d
to
th
e
in
a
c
u
rra
c
y
a
n
d
in
v
a
li
d
in
d
a
ta
o
b
tan
i
n
e
d
.
A
s
a
n
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
so
lu
ti
o
n
,
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
to
t
h
e
d
a
ta
a
c
q
u
isit
i
o
n
sy
st
e
m
u
sin
g
a
w
e
b
se
r
v
e
r.
T
h
is
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
d
a
ta
a
c
q
u
isit
i
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
w
it
h
th
e
targ
e
t
o
f
re
d
u
c
in
g
th
e
e
rro
r
ra
te
in
m
e
a
su
rin
g
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
d
a
ta
o
n
th
e
lab
o
ra
t
o
ry
.
Da
ta
m
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
n
t
o
n
lab
o
ra
to
ry
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
m
o
d
u
le
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
tak
in
g
th
e
a
n
a
lo
g
d
a
ta
re
su
lt
e
d
f
ro
m
th
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t.
F
u
rth
e
rm
o
re
,
th
e
d
a
ta
a
re
c
o
n
v
e
rted
in
t
o
d
ig
it
a
l
d
a
ta
v
ia
a
rd
u
in
o
a
n
d
sto
re
d
o
n
th
e
se
rv
e
r
.
T
o
g
e
t
v
a
li
d
d
a
ta,
th
e
se
r
v
e
r
will
p
ro
c
e
ss
th
e
d
a
ta
b
y
u
sin
g
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
e
v
a
li
d
d
a
ta
a
re
in
te
g
ra
ted
in
to
a
w
e
b
s
e
rv
e
r
so
th
a
t
it
c
a
n
b
e
a
c
c
e
ss
e
d
a
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
s
h
o
w
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
d
a
ta
a
c
q
u
isit
io
n
sy
st
e
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
is
a
b
le
to
p
ro
v
id
e
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
re
su
lt
o
n
th
e
lab
w
o
rk
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
d
e
g
re
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
m
e
m
b
e
rsh
ip
a
n
d
tr
u
th
v
a
lu
e
.
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
w
il
l
se
le
c
t
th
e
m
e
a
su
re
d
d
a
ta
w
it
h
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
rro
r
p
e
rc
e
n
tag
e
o
f
5
%
a
n
d
se
lec
t
th
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
re
su
lt
w
h
ich
h
a
s m
in
im
u
m
e
rro
r
ra
te.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Data
ac
q
u
is
it
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
P
r
ac
tical
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
2
0
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mu
h
a
m
ad
Had
d
in
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
ita
s
I
s
la
m
Su
ltan
Ag
u
n
g
,
Kalig
a
w
e
Stre
et
K
m
4
,
Se
m
ar
an
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
.
E
m
ail:
h
ad
d
in
@
u
n
i
s
s
u
la.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
w
o
r
k
s
,
i
t
is
s
ti
ll
o
f
te
n
f
o
u
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
er
r
o
r
an
d
er
r
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
Me
as
u
r
e
m
e
n
t e
r
r
o
r
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
ca
u
s
e
s
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t d
ata
to
b
e
i
n
co
r
r
ec
t.
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
ac
tice
w
it
h
w
r
o
n
g
tr
ial
d
ata
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ep
ea
ted
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
i
t
is
also
f
o
u
n
d
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
o
f
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
d
ata
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
ac
tice
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
i
th
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
es
t
h
e
tr
u
th
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
d
ata
d
o
u
b
ted
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
w
o
r
k
s
is
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t,
w
h
e
th
er
it
m
ee
ts
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
i
n
th
e
s
ca
le
o
f
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
I
f
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
an
d
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
t
h
en
t
h
e
lab
o
r
a
to
r
y
w
o
r
k
s
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
ca
n
r
ep
ea
t o
r
ch
ec
k
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t ser
ies
[1
-
11]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
i
n
v
alid
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
er
r
o
r
in
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
o
n
p
ap
er
,
er
r
o
r
in
ar
r
an
g
i
n
g
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
o
d
u
l
e
an
d
er
r
o
r
i
n
r
ea
d
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
[
1
2
-
14]
.
T
h
is
m
a
y
lead
to
er
r
o
r
in
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
er
r
o
r
s
in
r
ea
d
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
a
s
w
el
l
as
th
e
cir
c
u
it.
Fi
n
all
y
th
ese
ca
n
r
esu
lt
i
n
in
v
a
lid
o
r
in
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
n
th
e
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
s
t
u
d
en
ts
.
So
m
e
d
ev
ia
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
co
u
ld
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
h
u
m
a
n
er
r
o
r
ab
ilit
y
w
h
en
e
v
er
t
h
e
y
d
o
i
n
g
h
is
w
o
r
k
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
f
al
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
co
u
ld
h
ap
p
en
an
d
t
h
e
y
n
ee
d
r
ep
ea
ted
th
eir
w
o
r
k
s
o
r
m
atc
h
ed
b
ac
k
th
e
y
r
e
s
u
l
ts
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
ac
cu
r
a
c
y
an
d
tak
e
s
ti
m
es
h
as
lead
s
o
n
to
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
o
f
m
an
u
al
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
o
g
ain
h
i
g
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
r
esu
lt
a
n
d
er
r
o
r
in
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
o
r
ch
ea
tin
g
p
r
ac
tice
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
d
ata,
a
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
y
s
te
m
(
D
AS)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
3
4
4
1
-
3450
3442
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
So
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
D
AS
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
er
s
,
a
m
o
n
g
o
t
h
er
s
:
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
w
h
ic
h
is
f
u
n
ctio
n
ed
co
llectin
g
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
m
a
n
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
elec
ted
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
to
E
n
t
er
p
r
is
e
Ser
v
ice
B
u
s
(
E
SB
)
[
1
5
,
16]
A
n
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
d
iag
n
o
s
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
alar
m
s
i
n
a
n
est
h
esia
p
atien
t
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
b
ased
d
ec
i
s
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
te
m
(
DSS)
[
1
7
-
20]
.
T
h
is
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
b
ased
DAS
ap
p
licatio
n
to
d
etec
t
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
ab
le
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
r
esu
l
t
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
o
d
u
l
e.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
m
ak
in
g
o
f
d
ata
ac
q
u
i
s
itio
n
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
l
o
g
ic
as
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
d
ata
s
elec
ti
o
n
o
f
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
m
i
s
tak
e.
U
/
D
Re
s
e
t
B
1
B
8
C
a
r
r
y
o
u
t
E
N
B
L
a
b
M
odu
l
e
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
A
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
t
L
a
b
T
h
e
o
r
y
/
R
e
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
Co
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
R
e
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
N
e
e
d
s
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
N
e
e
d
s
R
esu
l
t
s
1
.
H
u
m
a
n
E
r
r
o
r
2
.
F
a
l
s
e
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
3
.
N
e
e
d
Re
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
/
S
ta
n
d
a
r
d
4
.
N
e
e
d
T
i
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ma
n
u
all
y
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t c
o
n
d
u
ted
b
y
s
t
u
d
en
ts
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
DAS
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as
a
to
o
l
w
h
ich
is
ca
p
ab
le
to
r
ea
d
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
an
a
lo
g
s
ca
le
to
d
ig
ital
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
e.
DAS
is
b
u
il
t
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
m
eth
o
d
th
at
s
er
v
e
s
to
d
is
p
la
y
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
ac
cu
r
a
c
y
an
d
c
h
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
es
u
lt
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
th
e
least
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
er
r
o
r
.
So
,
DAS
is
ab
le
to
r
ea
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
it
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
m
et
h
o
d
to
s
elec
t
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
r
es
u
l
ts
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
t
h
e
lea
s
t
le
v
el
o
f
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
w
o
r
k
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
er
r
o
r
an
d
s
to
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
es
u
lt
in
w
eb
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
es
s
e
v
er
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
a
s
a
n
in
te
g
r
ated
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
ec
t
io
n
i
s
a
r
ea
d
er
o
f
a
v
o
lta
g
e
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
alo
g
s
ig
n
al
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
ts
i
n
to
a
d
ig
i
tal
s
i
g
n
al,
th
e
n
r
ea
d
b
y
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
a
co
m
p
u
ter
[
2
1
-
23]
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
i
g
n
al
r
ea
d
er
is
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
A
C
S7
1
2
I
C
cu
r
r
en
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
.
W
eb
s
er
v
er
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
X
AM
P
P
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
P
HP
an
d
My
Sq
l
as
d
ata
b
ase.
T
h
e
s
er
v
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
o
n
p
r
ac
ticu
m
m
o
d
u
le
u
s
i
n
g
f
u
zz
y
m
eth
o
d
,
r
esu
lti
n
g
i
n
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
u
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
le
ast
er
r
o
r
r
ate
an
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
.
F
u
zz
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
est
w
a
y
s
to
m
ap
a
n
i
n
p
u
t
s
p
ac
e
in
to
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
s
tar
ti
n
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
u
n
ce
r
t
ain
t
y
i
s
t
h
at
i
t
i
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
b
o
u
t
a
t
h
eo
r
y
t
h
at
h
a
s
o
b
j
ec
ts
o
f
a
f
u
zz
y
s
e
t
t
h
at
h
as
i
m
p
r
ec
is
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
a
n
d
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
i
n
a
f
u
zz
y
s
et
,
an
d
n
o
t
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
r
i
g
h
t
o
r
w
r
o
n
g
lo
g
ical,
b
u
t e
x
p
r
ess
ed
i
n
d
eg
r
ee
s
[
2
4
]
.
U
/
D
Re
s
e
t
B
1
B
8
C
a
r
r
y
o
u
t
E
N
B
L
a
b
M
o
d
u
l
e
St
u
d
e
n
t
s
D
a
t
a
A
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
on
S
t
r
e
a
m
R
e
su
l
t
s
D
A
S
M
o
d
u
l
e
Se
r
v
e
r
s
D
S
S
M
o
d
u
l
e
I
n
f
or
m
a
t
i
on
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
1
.
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
2
.
P
r
e
c
i
si
o
n
3
.
M
i
n
i
m
i
ze
E
r
r
o
r
4
.
L
e
ss
T
i
m
e
a
n
d
E
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
o
f
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
it
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
(
D
AS)
b
ased
o
n
f
u
zz
y
an
d
clo
u
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
d
a
ta
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
s
ystems
o
f p
r
a
ctica
l m
ea
s
u
r
eme
n
t
(
Mu
h
a
ma
d
Ha
d
d
in
)
3443
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
s
,
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
i
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
h
as
in
te
g
r
ated
w
ith
d
ec
i
s
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
te
m
(
DSS)
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
w
e
b
s
er
v
er
ap
p
licatio
n
in
ten
d
ed
to
r
ep
lace
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
ass
is
tan
t
an
d
r
ef
er
en
c
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
alu
e
m
o
d
u
les.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
er
r
o
r
an
d
ti
m
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
co
u
ld
b
e
a
ch
ie
v
i
n
g
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
i
s
a
cu
r
v
e
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
th
e
m
ap
p
i
n
g
o
f
d
ata
in
p
u
t
p
o
in
t
s
i
n
to
th
eir
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
v
a
lu
e
(
al
s
o
o
f
ten
ca
lled
as
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
)
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
in
ter
v
als b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
[
2
5
,
2
6
]
.
2
.
1
.
L
inea
r
re
prese
nta
t
io
n
I
n
a
li
n
ea
r
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
th
e
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
i
n
p
u
ts
to
t
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
th
e
ir
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
a
s
tr
aig
h
t
li
n
e.
T
h
is
f
o
r
m
is
th
e
s
i
m
p
lest
a
n
d
th
e
b
es
t
ch
o
ice
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
less
o
b
v
io
u
s
co
n
ce
p
t
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
3
an
d
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
s
ce
n
d
ed
lin
ea
r
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
is
:
[
]
=
{
0
;
<
−
−
;
<
<
1
;
>
w
h
er
e
a,
b
an
d
b
ar
e
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
d
o
m
ai
n
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
0
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
d
o
m
ai
n
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
1
an
d
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
w
h
ic
h
is
ab
o
u
t to
b
e
ch
an
g
ed
in
to
f
u
zz
y
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Descen
d
ed
lin
ea
r
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
is
:
[
]
=
{
0
;
<
−
−
;
<
<
1
;
>
B
o
th
d
escen
d
li
n
ea
r
i.e
.
s
tr
ai
g
h
t
li
n
e
s
tar
ts
f
r
o
m
d
o
m
ain
v
alu
e
w
i
th
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
m
e
m
b
e
r
d
eg
r
ee
o
n
t
h
e
le
f
t
s
id
e,
an
d
th
e
n
it d
escen
d
s
to
d
o
m
a
in
v
al
u
e
w
h
ic
h
h
as lo
w
er
m
e
m
b
er
d
eg
r
ee
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
3
4
4
1
-
3450
3444
2
.
2
.
T
ria
ng
le
curv
e
re
presenta
t
io
n
T
h
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
tr
ian
g
l
e
cu
r
v
e
is
es
s
e
n
tiall
y
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
t
w
o
li
n
ea
r
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
s
(
in
cr
ea
s
e
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e)
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
r
ian
g
le
c
u
r
v
e
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
is
:
[
]
=
{
0
;
<
>
(
−
)
(
−
)
;
<
<
−
−
;
<
<
w
h
er
e
a,
b
an
d
c
ar
e
th
e
lo
w
est
v
al
u
e
o
f
d
o
m
a
in
w
h
ic
h
h
as
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
0
,
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
d
o
m
a
i
n
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
1
an
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
v
alu
e
o
f
d
o
m
ai
n
w
h
ich
h
as
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
i
p
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
0
.
2
.
3
.
T
ra
pezo
ida
l c
urv
e
re
present
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
tr
ap
ez
o
id
cu
r
v
e
is
b
asical
l
y
a
tr
ian
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
e,
ex
ce
p
t th
at
th
er
e
is
a
p
o
in
t t
h
at
h
as a
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
v
alu
e
o
f
1
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
r
ap
ez
o
id
al
cu
r
v
e
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
of
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
is
:
[
,
,
,
,
]
=
{
0
;
<
(
−
)
(
−
)
;
<
<
1
;
<
<
−
−
;
<
<
0
;
>
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
d
a
ta
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
s
ystems
o
f p
r
a
ctica
l m
ea
s
u
r
eme
n
t
(
Mu
h
a
ma
d
Ha
d
d
in
)
3445
w
h
er
e
a,
b
,
c,
d
an
d
x
ar
e
th
e
l
o
w
est
v
al
u
e
o
f
d
o
m
a
in
w
h
ic
h
h
as
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
0
,
t
h
e
lo
w
est
v
al
u
e
o
f
d
o
m
ai
n
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
i
p
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
1
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
v
al
u
e
o
f
d
o
m
ai
n
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
1
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
v
al
u
e
o
f
d
o
m
ai
n
w
h
ic
h
h
as
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
e
e
o
f
0
a
n
d
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ab
o
u
t
to
b
e
ch
an
g
ed
in
to
f
u
zz
y
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
2
.
4
.
F
uzzy
da
t
a
ba
s
e
Fu
zz
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
q
u
er
ies
i
s
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
q
u
er
y
(
n
o
n
f
u
zz
y
)
,
a
d
atab
ase
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
DB
MS)
th
at
tr
ies
to
cr
ea
te
an
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
b
asic
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
f
u
zz
y
q
u
er
y
(
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
b
ased
q
u
er
y
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
)
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
t
ag
e
o
f
q
u
er
y
f
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
is
th
at
it
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
DB
M
S
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
,
a
u
to
m
a
tic
er
r
o
r
h
an
d
lin
g
,
a
n
d
f
le
x
ib
le
s
ea
r
ch
.
Fu
zz
y
T
ah
an
i
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
r
an
c
h
es
o
f
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
,
w
h
ich
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
m
e
th
o
d
s
th
at
u
s
e
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
atab
ase.
T
ah
an
i
d
esc
r
ib
es
a
q
u
er
y
f
u
zz
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
o
f
a
lan
g
u
a
g
e
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
SQ
L
(
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
er
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e)
,
s
o
f
u
zz
y
T
ah
an
i
m
o
d
el
is
ap
tl
y
u
s
ed
in
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata
r
etr
iev
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
F
u
zz
y
d
atab
ase
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
atab
ase
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
First,
in
i
tiali
ze
d
ev
ice,
a
n
d
t
h
en
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
w
h
ic
h
is
in
p
u
t
an
d
w
il
l
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
f
u
zz
if
i
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Har
d
w
ar
e
i
s
as
in
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t
d
ata
w
h
ile
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
a
s
s
to
r
ag
e
a
n
d
d
is
p
la
y
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t D
AS.
2
.
5
.
H
a
rdw
a
re
des
ig
n
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
s
er
v
er
,
clien
t (
L
ap
to
p
,
De
s
k
to
p
etc)
,
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
Mo
d
u
le
o
f
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
ac
tice
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
d
iag
r
a
m
b
lo
c
k
o
f
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ta
tio
n
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
is
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
u
s
ed
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
s
9
an
d
10
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
esear
ch
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
W
eb
b
ased
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
i
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
9.
Set o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
3
4
4
1
-
3450
34
46
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Set o
f
cu
r
r
en
t se
n
s
o
r
2
.
6
.
So
f
t
wa
re
des
ig
n
I
n
m
ak
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
eb
s
i
te
i
n
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
i
t
w
o
u
ld
u
s
e
Dr
ea
m
w
ea
v
er
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
an
d
w
eb
s
er
v
er
XA
MP
P
1
.
6
.
4
v
er
s
io
n
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
P
HP
an
d
My
s
q
l.
I
n
w
eb
s
ite
v
i
e
w
,
t
h
er
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
s
o
m
e
m
en
u
li
k
e
P
r
ac
ticu
m
,
R
eg
is
tr
atio
n
,
C
o
n
tact
an
d
L
o
g
i
n
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
W
eb
Ser
v
e
r
is
u
s
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
[
2
7
,
2
8
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
ac
tice
w
as
d
eter
m
in
ed
as
in
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
11
i
s
a
s
er
ies
o
f
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t,
n
a
m
e
l
y
s
et
an
d
p
ar
allel
s
er
ies
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
u
le
a
n
d
elec
tr
icit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t.
Af
ter
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
m
o
d
u
le
w
as
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
i
m
a
g
e,
th
e
ac
q
u
is
i
tio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
tati
o
n
w
as
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
th
e
lap
to
p
o
f
p
r
ac
ticin
g
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
an
d
th
e
n
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
b
y
o
p
en
in
g
th
e
w
eb
b
r
o
w
s
e
r
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
,
an
d
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
R
esear
ch
m
o
d
u
l
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
er
ies o
f
u
s
in
g
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ta
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
d
a
ta
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
s
ystems
o
f p
r
a
ctica
l m
ea
s
u
r
eme
n
t
(
Mu
h
a
ma
d
Ha
d
d
in
)
3447
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
R
esu
lt o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
N
o
.
D
a
t
a
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
(
V
)
1
V
R
1
F
i
r
st
5
,
1
2
V
R
1
S
e
c
o
n
d
5
,
3
3
V
R
1
T
h
i
r
d
5
,
2
4
V
R
2
F
i
r
st
2
,
7
5
V
R
2
S
e
c
o
n
d
2
,
6
6
V
R
2
T
h
i
r
d
2
,
6
W
ith
R
es
is
to
r
R
=
1
0
0
Ω
to
f
in
d
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
es o
f
V
R
1
an
d
VR
2
,
it sh
o
u
ld
b
e
b
ased
o
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
.
Kn
o
w
n
:
Ser
ies o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
R
1
,
R
2
,
R
3
=1
0
0
Ω
Vin
=
8
V
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n
:
=
2
×
3
2
+
3
=
100
×
100
100
+
100
=
50Ω
1
=
1
1
+
×
=
100Ω
100Ω
+
50Ω
×
8
=
5
,
3
2
=
1
+
×
8
=
50Ω
100Ω
+
50Ω
×
8
=
2
,
7
A
t
t
h
is
s
ta
g
e,
th
er
e
is
a
f
u
zz
i
f
i
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i.e
.
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
et
o
f
a
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
a
r
eg
u
la
r
s
co
r
e
in
to
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
s
et
o
f
f
u
zz
y
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
u
s
ed
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
v
o
l
tag
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
1
=
|
−
|
100%
VR
1
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t (
f
ir
s
t)
=
5
,
1
V
1
=
|
5
,
3
−
5
,
1
5
,
1
|
100%
=
3
,
39%
VR
1
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t (
s
ec
o
n
d
)
=
5
,
3
V
1
=
|
5
,
3
−
5
,
3
5
,
3
|
100%
=
0%
VR
1
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t (
th
ir
d
)
=
5
,
2
V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
3
4
4
1
-
3450
3448
1
=
|
5
,
3
−
5
,
2
5
,
2
|
100%
=
1
,
92%
VR
2
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t (
f
ir
s
t)
=
2
,
7
V
1
=
|
2
,
7
−
2
,
7
2
,
7
|
100%
=
0%
VR
2
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t (
s
ec
o
n
d
)
=
2
,
6
V
1
=
|
2
,
7
−
2
,
6
2
,
6
|
100%
=
3
,
85%
VR
2
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t (
th
ir
d
)
=
2
,
6
V
1
=
|
2
,
7
−
2
,
6
2
,
6
|
100%
=
3
,
85%
Fro
m
th
i
s
p
er
c
en
ta
g
e
o
f
er
r
o
r
th
en
,
t
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
i
p
f
o
r
ea
ch
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
as sear
c
h
ed
.
[
1
]
=
{
(
1
;
5
−
1
)
/
4
;
0
1
<
1
1
<
1
<
5
1
>
5
[
1
]
=
{
0
;
(
1
−
1
)
/
4
(
10
−
1
)
/
5
;
1
<
1
>
10
1
<
1
<
5
5
<
1
<
10
[
1
]
=
{
0
;
(
1
−
5
)
/
5
;
1
;
1
<
5
5
<
1
<
10
1
>
10
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
r
esu
lt
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
w
a
s
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
an
alo
g
s
w
h
ic
h
w
er
e
co
n
v
er
t
ed
to
d
ig
ital
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
v
ia
f
u
zz
y
w
i
th
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
e
g
r
ee
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
c
alcu
latio
n
s
.
E
ac
h
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
h
as
a
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
ch
o
n
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
g
o
o
d
,
f
air
an
d
b
ad
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
4
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
F
u
zz
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
i
s
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
Fu
zz
y
T
ah
an
i
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
T
ab
le
2
is
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
VR
1
a
n
d
VR
2
v
o
lta
g
e
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
to
p
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
i
s
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
f
ir
e
s
tr
en
g
th
v
al
u
e
i
n
d
icati
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
clo
s
e
s
t
t
o
th
e
d
esire
d
cr
iter
ia
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
ac
tice
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t r
es
u
lt
u
s
ed
as e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
d
ata.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
5
is
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
u
s
in
g
T
ah
an
i's
f
u
zz
y
m
et
h
o
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ac
ticu
m
u
s
ed
i.e
.
tak
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
er
y
th
a
t
h
a
s
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e
o
f
th
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
d
ata
o
f
ea
c
h
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
ex
is
ted
i
n
t
h
e
d
ata
b
ase
in
T
ab
le
2
.
W
eb
d
is
p
lay
in
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
h
as
b
ee
n
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
a
n
d
f
l
ex
ib
le
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
w
eb
d
is
p
la
y
w
h
ich
w
ill
a
d
j
u
s
t
to
th
e
s
ize
o
f
v
ie
w
p
o
r
t
(
th
e
e
x
te
n
t
o
f
ar
ea
i
n
b
r
o
w
s
er
to
d
is
p
la
y
w
eb
s
ite
)
u
s
ed
b
y
u
s
er
s
w
h
e
n
ac
ce
s
s
i
n
g
a
w
eb
s
i
te
w
h
e
n
e
v
er
th
e
u
s
er
s
u
s
e
lap
to
p
,
tab
,
o
r
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e,
s
o
th
at
it
i
s
v
er
y
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e.
T
ab
le
2
.
Vo
ltag
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
d
eg
r
ee
No
D
a
t
a
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
(
V
)
%
Er
r
o
r
M
e
mb
e
r
sh
i
p
D
e
g
r
e
e
G
o
o
d
F
a
i
r
B
a
d
1
VR
1
(
1
)
5
,
1
3
,
9
2
0
,
2
7
0
,
7
3
0
,
0
0
2
VR
1
(
2
)
5
,
3
0
,
0
0
1
,
0
0
0
,
0
0
0
,
0
0
3
VR
1
(
3
)
5
,
2
1
,
9
2
0
,
7
7
0
,
2
3
0
,
0
0
4
VR
2
(
1
)
2
,
7
0
,
0
0
1
,
0
0
0
,
0
0
0
,
0
0
5
VR
2
(
2
)
2
,
6
3
,
8
5
0
,
2
9
0
,
7
1
0
,
0
0
6
VR
2
(
3
)
2
,
6
3
,
8
5
0
,
2
9
0
,
7
1
0
,
0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
d
a
ta
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
s
ystems
o
f p
r
a
ctica
l m
ea
s
u
r
eme
n
t
(
Mu
h
a
ma
d
Ha
d
d
in
)
3449
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
W
eb
m
ain
d
is
p
la
y
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
lab
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
W
eb
d
is
p
lay
o
f
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
r
e
s
u
lt
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
DAS
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
w
o
r
k
s
.
F
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
m
et
h
o
d
is
ab
le
to
an
al
y
z
e
cr
iter
ia
an
d
th
en
g
i
v
e
t
h
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
p
r
io
r
ity
with
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
f
ir
e
s
tr
en
g
th
b
et
w
ee
n
0
-
1
.
T
h
e
u
lti
m
ate
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
i
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
h
ich
ca
n
h
e
lp
th
e
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
p
r
ac
tice
p
ar
t
icip
an
ts
in
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
to
s
a
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
d
ata
d
i
g
ital
l
y
w
i
th
n
o
p
ap
er
(
p
ap
er
less
)
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
d
ata
ar
e
s
av
ed
o
n
w
eb
s
er
v
er
d
atab
ase
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
P
e
ñ
a
-
Río
s,
V
.
Ca
l
lag
h
a
n
,
M
.
G
a
rd
n
e
r,
a
n
d
M
.
J.
A
lh
a
d
d
a
d
,
“
Re
m
o
te
m
i
x
e
d
re
a
li
t
y
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
v
e
lab
o
ra
to
ry
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
:
L
e
a
rn
in
g
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
w
i
th
in
t
h
e
In
terRe
a
li
ty
P
o
rtal
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
T
h
e
2
0
1
2
I
EE
E/
W
IC/A
CM
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
in
t
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
s o
n
W
e
b
In
tell
ig
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
In
tell
ig
e
n
t
Ag
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
, v
ol
.
03
,
p
p
.
3
6
2
–
3
6
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
J.
M
a
rq
u
e
z
,
J.
V
il
lan
u
e
v
a
,
Z.
S
o
l
a
rte,
a
n
d
A
.
G
a
r
c
ia,
“
Io
T
in
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
I
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
o
b
jec
ts
w
it
h
v
irt
u
a
l
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
,
”
in
Ne
w
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s i
n
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
p
p
.
2
0
1
–
2
1
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
H.
A
ld
o
w
a
h
,
S
.
U.
Re
h
m
a
n
,
S
.
Gh
a
z
a
l,
a
n
d
I.
N.
Um
a
r,
“
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
in
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
a
stu
d
y
o
n
f
u
tu
re
lea
rn
in
g
,
”
in
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s: Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s
,
v
o
l.
8
9
2
,
0
1
2
0
1
7
,
2
0
1
7.
[4
]
Z.
T
ian
b
o
,
“
T
h
e
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
re
v
o
l
u
ti
o
n
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
2
F
o
u
rt
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
u
lt
ime
d
i
a
I
n
fo
r
ma
ti
o
n
Ne
two
rk
in
g
a
n
d
S
e
c
u
rity
,
p
p
.
7
9
0
–
7
9
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
3
4
4
1
-
3450
3450
[5
]
G
.
C.
F
e
rn
a
n
d
e
z
,
E.
S
.
Ru
iz,
M
.
C.
G
il
,
a
n
d
F
.
M
.
P
e
re
z
,
“
Fr
o
m
RG
B
l
e
d
lab
o
ra
to
ry
to
se
rv
o
m
o
to
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
w
it
h
w
e
b
so
c
k
e
ts
a
n
d
Io
T
a
s
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
t
o
o
l
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
2
0
1
5
1
2
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rem
o
te
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
V
irtu
a
l
In
str
u
me
n
ta
ti
o
n
(
RE
V)
,
p
p
.
3
2
–
36
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
P
.
A
rp
a
ia,
A
.
Ba
c
c
i
g
a
lu
p
i,
F
.
Ce
n
n
a
m
o
,
a
n
d
P
.
Da
p
o
n
te,
“
A
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
lab
o
ra
to
ry
o
n
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
n
e
tw
o
rk
f
o
r
re
m
o
te t
e
st ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
ts,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
stru
m.
M
e
a
s.
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
9
9
2
–
9
9
7
,
2
0
0
0
.
[7
]
I.
G
u
sta
v
s
so
n
,
“
Re
m
o
te
lab
o
ra
to
ry
e
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
ts
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
in
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
fo
u
rt
h
IEE
E
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
a
ra
c
a
s c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
d
e
v
ice
s,
c
irc
u
it
s a
n
d
sy
ste
ms
(
Ca
t.
No
.
0
2
T
H8
6
1
1
)
,
p
p
.
I
0
2
5
–
I0
2
5
,
2
0
0
2
.
[8
]
J.
Bro
isin
,
R.
V
e
n
a
n
t,
a
n
d
P
.
V
i
d
a
l,
“
L
a
b
4
CE:
a
re
m
o
te
lab
o
ra
to
ry
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
u
ter
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Arti
f.
In
tell.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
–
1
8
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
H.
Zh
iq
ia
n
g
a
n
d
Z.
Ju
n
m
in
g
,
“
T
h
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
in
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Its
T
re
n
d
o
f
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,”
J
.
M
o
d
.
Di
st
a
n
c
e
E
d
u
c
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
N.
Dlo
d
l
o
a
n
d
A
.
C.
S
m
it
h
,
“
I
n
tern
e
t
-
of
-
th
in
g
s
i
n
re
m
o
te
-
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
lab
o
ra
to
ries
,
”
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
:
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
1
3
t
h
A
n
n
u
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
W
o
rl
d
wid
e
W
e
b
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
Z
A
W
W
W
2
0
1
3
,
A
t
Jo
h
a
n
n
e
sb
u
rg
,
S
o
u
th
Af
ric
a
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
J.
He
,
D.
C.
-
T
.
L
o
,
Y.
X
ie,
a
n
d
J.
L
a
rti
g
u
e
,
“
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(Io
T
)
in
to
S
T
EM
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
Ca
se
stu
d
y
o
f
a
m
o
d
e
rn
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
f
u
se
d
c
o
u
rse
w
a
r
e
f
o
r
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
s
y
ste
m
c
o
u
rse
,
”
in
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
Fro
n
ti
e
rs
i
n
Ed
u
c
a
t
io
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
FIE
)
,
p
p
.
1
–
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
M
.
A
.
S
a
n
c
h
e
z
,
J.
R
.
Ca
stro
,
O.
Ca
stil
lo
,
O.
M
e
n
d
o
z
a
,
A
.
Ro
d
rig
u
e
z
-
Dia
z
,
a
n
d
P
.
M
e
li
n
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
h
ig
h
e
r
ty
p
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
g
ra
n
u
les
f
ro
m
a
n
u
n
c
e
rtain
ty
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t,
”
Gr
a
n
u
l.
C
o
mp
u
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
5
–
1
0
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
G
.
Hu
a
n
g
a
n
d
L
.
Zh
a
o
,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
b
a
se
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
st
a
b
il
it
y
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
,
”
Po
we
r
S
y
st.
En
g
.
Res
.
Ce
n
ter
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
4
]
Z.
L
i,
H.
L
i,
Z.
Zh
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
P
.
L
u
o
,
“
A
n
On
li
n
e
Ca
li
b
ra
ti
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Vo
lt
a
g
e
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
e
rs
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
IEC
6
1
8
5
0
-
9
-
2
,
”
M
a
p
a
n
-
J
.
M
e
tr
o
l.
S
o
c
.
I
n
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
7
–
1
0
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
R.
S
.
Bh
a
d
o
ria,
N.
S
.
C
h
a
u
d
h
a
r
i,
a
n
d
S
.
S
a
m
a
n
ta,
“
Un
c
e
rtain
t
y
in
se
n
so
r
d
a
ta
a
c
q
u
isit
i
o
n
f
o
r
S
OA
s
y
ste
m
,
”
Ne
u
ra
l
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
O.
S
a
rc
h
a
m
i
a
n
d
H.
Be
v
ra
n
i
,
“
On
li
n
e
Vo
lt
a
g
e
-
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
M
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
n
t
Ba
se
d
M
icro
-
G
rid
Em
e
r
g
e
n
c
y
Co
n
tro
l,
”
in
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
E
n
e
rg
y
,
a
n
d
D
a
ta
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ke
rm
a
n
s
h
a
h
,
Ira
n
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
M
.
M
.
Ba
ig
,
H.
G
h
o
lam
Ho
ss
e
in
i
,
A
.
Ko
u
z
a
n
i,
a
n
d
M
.
J.
Ha
rriso
n
,
“
A
n
a
e
sth
e
sia
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
u
sin
g
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic,”
J
.
Cli
n
.
M
o
n
it
.
Co
m
p
u
t
.
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
9
–
3
4
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
W
e
st Ha
r,
“
D
e
c
isio
n
S
u
p
p
o
rt
S
y
s
tem
s,”
In
f.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
–
1
9
1
,
1
9
8
2
.
[1
9
]
S
.
Ra
m
a
m
o
o
rth
y
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
b
a
se
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
st
a
b
il
ize
rs,”
M
id
d
le
-
Ea
st
J
.
S
c
i.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
6
3
–
1
6
6
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
Ra
g
h
a
v
e
n
d
ra
P
a
n
d
D.
N.
G
a
o
n
k
a
r,
“
On
li
n
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
sm
a
rt
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
J
.
M
o
d
.
P
o
we
r S
y
st.
Cle
a
n
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
0
–
4
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
A
u
ste
rli
c
h
H.,
“
Da
ta Ac
q
u
it
it
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
Us
in
g
P
C
,
”
Orla
n
d
o
:
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
2
]
A.
R.
Ha
s
a
n
,
T
.
S
.
M
a
rti
s,
a
n
d
A
.
H.
M
.
S
a
d
ru
l
Ula
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
f
u
z
z
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
b
a
se
d
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
g
u
lato
r
f
o
r
a
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
5
0
–
5
5
7
,
1
9
9
4
.
[2
3
]
B.
J.
L
a
m
e
r
e
s,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
l
e
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
-
Ba
s
e
d
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
g
u
latio
n
o
f
a
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
”
M
o
n
t
a
n
a
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
p
p
.
1
–
8.
[2
4
]
L
.
a
.
Zad
e
h
,
“
Fu
zz
y
se
ts
,
”
In
f
.
Co
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
3
8
–
3
5
3
,
1
9
6
5
.
[2
5
]
B.
Be
lh
a
d
j
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
M
a
t
o
u
ss
i,
“
P
o
v
e
rty
in
T
u
n
isia:
A
F
u
z
z
y
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
S
wiss
J
.
Eco
n
.
S
t
a
t.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
6
,
n
o
.
II,
p
p
.
4
3
1
–
4
5
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
6
]
W
.
Ha
rt
f
o
rd
,
“
De
c
isio
n
S
u
p
p
o
rt
S
y
ste
m
s,”
In
f.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
–
1
9
1
,
1
9
8
2
.
[2
7
]
M
.
L
o
u
d
i
n
i,
S
.
Re
z
ig
,
a
n
d
Y.
S
a
lh
i,
“
In
c
o
rp
o
ra
te
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
in
t
o
th
e
d
if
fe
re
n
ti
a
ted
se
rv
ice
s
stra
t
e
g
ies
o
f
a
w
e
b
se
rv
e
r:
A
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
c
o
n
tro
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
J
.
I
n
ter
n
e
t
S
e
rv
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
8
]
M
.
J.
Ka
rk
i,
“
M
e
th
o
d
s f
o
r
o
n
li
n
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sta
b
il
it
y
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
,
”
Io
w
a
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
2009.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.