I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l
J
o
urna
l
of
E
lect
rica
l
a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
,
pp.
350
7
~
3
5
1
4
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v7
i
6
.
pp
350
7
-
351
4
3507
J
o
ur
na
l
ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
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lin
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d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JE
C
E
A
New
Dua
l
Ba
nd
Prin
ted
M
e
ta
ma
terial
Ant
enna
f
o
r
RFID
Rea
der
Ap
plica
ti
o
ns
Abdelh
a
d
i
E
n
na
j
ih
1
,
J
a
m
a
l
Z
b
it
o
u
2
,
M
o
ha
m
e
d
L
a
t
ra
ch
3
,
Ah
m
ed
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rr
ki
k
4
,
Ra
chi
d
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a
nd
ry
5
1,
2,
4,
5
L
M
EE
T
FST
of
S
e
tt
a
t,
Ha
ss
a
n
1
st
U
n
iv
e
rsity
,
S
e
tt
a
t,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
3
M
icro
w
a
v
e
G
ro
u
p
(ES
EO),
A
n
g
e
rs,
F
ra
n
c
e
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
1
2
,
201
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
Ju
n
2
3
,
201
7
A
cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
5
,
201
7
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
we
p
re
se
n
t
a
n
e
w
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
p
rin
ted
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
ra
d
io
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
c
o
n
sists
of
tw
o
L
-
sh
a
p
e
d
slo
t
in
th
e
ra
d
iati
n
g
e
lem
e
n
t
f
o
r
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
c
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
sp
li
t
rin
g
re
so
n
a
to
r
e
tch
e
d
f
ro
m
th
e
g
ro
u
n
d
p
lan
e
f
o
r
siz
e
m
in
iatu
riza
ti
o
n
.
T
h
is
a
n
ten
n
a
is
d
e
sig
n
e
d
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
by
CS
T
m
icro
w
a
v
e
stu
d
i
o
on
FR
-
4
su
b
stra
te
w
it
h
th
i
c
k
n
e
ss
of
1
.
6
m
m
,
d
iele
c
tri
c
c
o
n
sta
n
t
of
4
.
4
a
n
d
tan
g
e
n
t
l
o
ss
of
0
.
0
2
5
.
A
m
icr
o
strip
l
in
e
w
it
h
c
h
a
ra
c
teristic
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
of
50
o
h
m
s
is
u
se
d
to
f
e
e
d
th
is
a
n
te
n
n
a
.
A
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
e
of
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
is
f
a
b
rica
ted
to
v
a
li
d
a
te
th
e
si
m
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s.
T
h
e
m
e
a
su
re
d
a
n
d
si
m
u
late
d
re
su
lt
s
a
re
in
g
o
o
d
a
g
re
e
m
e
n
t.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
C
S
R
R
Me
ta
m
ater
ial
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
R
FID
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
7
In
stit
u
te
of
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
All
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
A
b
d
elh
ad
i
E
n
n
aj
ih
,
L
ME
E
T
FST
of
Settat
,
Hass
a
n
1
s
t
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
Se
ttat,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
BP
:
577,
R
o
u
te
de
C
asa
b
lan
c
a
-
,
Settat,
Ma
r
o
c.
E
m
ail:
a
b
d
elh
ad
i.e
n
n
aj
ih
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
FID
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
R
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
id
en
tific
atio
n
.
It
is
a
g
en
er
ic
ter
m
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
a
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
u
s
es
r
ad
io
w
a
v
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
of
id
en
tif
icatio
n
an
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
ta
g
s
attac
h
ed
to
an
o
b
j
ec
t,
an
i
m
al
or
p
er
s
o
n
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
R
FID
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
o
p
u
lar
a
n
d
w
id
el
y
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l,
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
a
in
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
f
i
le
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
,
r
ac
e
ti
m
i
n
g
,
an
i
m
al
f
ar
m
s
,
s
m
ar
t
lab
els,
lib
r
ar
y
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e,
s
p
o
r
ts
,
an
d
o
th
er
ar
ea
s
[1
,
2,
3,
4
].
Gen
er
all
y
,
a
n
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
of
t
h
r
ee
b
asic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
:
a
tr
an
s
p
o
n
d
er
,
a
r
ea
d
er
an
d
a
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
[
5
].
T
h
e
r
ea
d
er
or
in
ter
r
o
g
ato
r
is
a
s
i
m
p
le
d
ev
ice
th
a
t
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
of
an
an
te
n
n
a,
an
RF
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
a
co
n
tr
o
l
elec
tr
o
n
ic
m
o
d
u
le,
t
h
e
r
ea
d
er
is
u
s
ed
to
r
ea
d
an
d
w
r
ite
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
tag
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
p
o
n
d
er
or
tag
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
of
a
s
e
m
i
co
n
d
u
cto
r
ch
ip
,
an
an
ten
n
a
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
ti
m
es
a
b
atter
y
,
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
n
d
er
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
t
ag
g
ed
o
b
j
ec
t.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
o
s
t
o
f
te
n
ta
k
es
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
of
a
P
C
,
or
a
w
o
r
k
s
tat
io
n
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
d
atab
ase
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
f
o
r
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
,
wh
ich
ca
n
be
u
s
ed
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
t
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
(
f
r
o
m
1
2
5
KHz
to
134
KHz
)
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
(
1
3
.
5
6
M
Hz)
,
th
e
u
ltra
-
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
(
f
r
o
m
860
MH
z
to
960
MH
z)
an
d
th
e
m
icr
o
w
a
v
es
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
(
2
.
4
5
GHz
or
5
.
8
GHz
)
[6
].
T
h
e
m
icr
o
w
a
v
es
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
ar
e
p
o
p
u
lar
th
an
o
th
er
R
FID
b
an
d
s
in
m
a
n
y
ar
ea
s
b
ec
au
s
e
of
t
h
eir
h
i
g
h
r
ea
d
ab
le
r
an
g
e,
f
ast
r
ea
d
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
lar
g
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
lo
w
co
s
t.
In
1968,
th
e
R
u
s
s
ia
n
p
h
y
s
icis
t
Victo
r
G.
Vesela
g
o
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
ar
tific
ial
m
ater
ial
w
h
ich
h
as
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
v
al
u
es
an
d
t
h
is
ma
ter
ial
is
ca
lled
m
eta
m
ater
ial
[7
].
Me
tam
ater
ial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
i
s
ts
of
t
h
i
n
w
ir
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
to
g
en
er
ate
n
eg
a
ti
v
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
a
n
d
Sp
lit
R
in
g
R
eso
n
a
to
r
s
(
SR
R
s
)
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
eg
ati
v
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ili
t
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
5
0
7
–
3
5
1
4
3508
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
of
th
e
s
p
lit
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
alr
ea
d
y
a
n
al
y
ze
d
in
[
8
,
9
],
th
is
an
al
y
s
is
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
SR
R
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
b
e
h
av
e
as
an
LC
r
eso
n
ato
r
th
at
ca
n
be
ex
ci
ted
by
an
ex
ter
n
al
m
a
g
n
e
tic
f
l
u
x
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
ie
s
of
t
h
e
S
R
R
an
d
i
ts
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
cir
cu
i
t
m
o
d
el
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
a)
[
1
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e1
(
b
)
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
s
p
lit
r
i
n
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
(
C
S
R
R
)
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
n
eg
a
tiv
e
i
m
ag
e
of
t
h
e
SR
R
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
it
is
th
e
co
n
s
tati
v
e
ele
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
i
s
of
n
e
g
ati
v
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
[
1
1
].
W
h
er
e
0
C
in
d
icate
s
th
e
to
tal
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
in
g
s
an
d
s
C
is
t
h
e
s
er
ies
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
of
u
p
p
er
an
d
lo
w
er
h
al
v
es
of
t
h
e
SR
R
,
t
h
at
is
0
/4
s
CC
,
an
d
s
L
can
be
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
ted
by
a
s
in
g
le
r
in
g
w
it
h
r
ad
iu
s
“
0
r
”
an
d
w
id
t
h
“
c”
[
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
of
(
a)
SR
R
(
b
)
C
SR
R
In
th
is
p
ap
er
,
we
p
r
ese
n
t
a
d
u
al
b
an
d
p
r
in
ted
m
e
ta
m
ater
ia
l
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
.
A
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
s
p
lit
r
in
g
r
e
s
o
n
ato
r
(
C
S
R
R
)
is
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e
f
o
r
s
ize
m
i
n
iat
u
r
iz
atio
n
.
By
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
th
e
s
ize
of
t
h
e
C
SR
R
we
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
ac
h
ie
v
e
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
in
ter
m
of
g
a
in
,
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
2
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
rm
a
nce
Cr
it
er
ia
T
h
e
b
ig
ch
alle
n
g
e
of
a
n
R
FID
s
y
s
te
m
is
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
d
is
ta
n
ce
at
w
h
ich
th
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
can
d
etec
t
th
e
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
ed
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
n
d
er
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
r
an
g
e
can
be
a
f
f
ec
ted
by
a
n
u
m
b
er
of
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
c
h
as,
t
h
e
g
ai
n
an
d
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
r
an
g
e
R
ca
n
be
co
m
p
u
ted
by
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
Fris
s
e
q
u
atio
n
[1
2
]:
4
t
t
r
th
P
G
G
R
P
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
w
av
ele
n
g
t
h
,
t
P
is
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
by
th
e
r
ea
d
er
,
t
G
is
t
h
e
g
ai
n
of
th
e
r
ea
d
er
an
ten
n
a,
r
G
is
th
e
g
ai
n
of
t
h
e
tr
an
s
p
o
n
d
er
an
te
n
n
a,
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
an
d
th
P
is
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
th
r
es
h
o
ld
to
ac
tiv
ate
t
h
e
ta
g
ch
ip
.
T
h
e
r
ea
d
in
g
d
is
tan
ce
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
g
ain
of
t
h
e
r
ea
d
er
an
ten
n
a
a
n
d
th
e
g
a
in
of
t
h
e
tr
an
s
p
o
n
d
er
an
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
g
ai
n
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
s
i
ze
,
th
e
b
ig
g
er
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a,
t
h
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
th
e
R
F
I
D
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
s
m
all
s
ize
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
s
m
all
s
ize
an
d
h
i
g
h
g
a
in
is
h
ar
d
to
a
ch
iev
e.
To
elim
i
n
ate
t
h
ese
li
m
itatio
n
s
,
we
u
s
ed
a
m
eta
m
ater
ial
u
n
it
ce
ll
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
d
esig
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
of
th
is
s
ec
t
io
n
.
2.
2
.
Desig
n
P
ro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
on
FR
4
ep
o
x
y
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
th
ick
n
es
s
of
h
=
1
.
6
m
m
,
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
4
.
4
r
,
lo
s
s
tan
g
e
n
t
t
a
n
(
)
0
.
0
2
5
an
d
th
e
th
ic
k
n
es
s
of
co
p
p
er
t
=
0
.
0
3
5
mm.
T
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
g
eo
m
etr
y
co
n
s
i
s
ts
of
a
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
p
atch
w
it
h
t
w
o
u
n
eq
u
al
s
ized
L
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t
in
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
ele
m
en
t.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
lin
e
f
ee
d
h
as
a
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
of
50
o
h
m
s
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
ee
d
in
g
th
e
an
t
en
n
a.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
a
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize
of
40
mm
x
30
mm,
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
of
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
an
d
its
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
N
ew
Du
a
l
B
a
n
d
P
r
in
ted
Me
ta
ma
teri
a
l
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
RFID
R
ea
d
er
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
A
b
d
elh
a
d
i
E
n
n
a
jih
)
3509
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Geo
m
e
tr
y
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
T
ab
le
1
.
Op
tim
ized
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
(
mm
)
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
(
mm
)
L
su
b
40
L
p
3
3
.
5
W
su
b
30
W
p
3
1
L
p
1
16
L
p
4
1
5
.
5
W
p
1
1
9
.
6
Wf
3
L
p
2
2
.
5
L
f
1
1
.
5
W
p
2
2
W
f
1
1
In
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
m
u
ltip
le
r
es
o
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
a
n
d
s
ize
m
i
n
iat
u
r
izatio
n
,
a
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
s
p
lit
r
i
n
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
(
C
SR
R
)
w
a
s
etch
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
u
n
d
er
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
ac
h
ie
v
ed
by
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
t
h
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
of
t
h
e
C
S
R
R
,
t
h
e
w
id
t
h
,
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
in
g
s
an
d
th
e
g
ap
.
In
ad
d
itio
n
,
by
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
of
t
h
e
L
-
s
h
ap
e
d
s
lo
t,
we
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
ac
h
iev
e
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
in
ter
m
of
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
,
g
ain
an
d
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
s
h
ap
e
a
n
d
its
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
w
er
e
s
i
m
u
lated
a
n
d
o
p
tim
ized
by
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
E
lec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
s
o
l
v
er
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
av
e
S
tu
d
io
.
T
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
of
t
h
e
C
S
R
R
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
ill
u
s
tr
at
ed
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
of
th
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
s
p
lit
r
i
n
g
r
es
o
n
ato
r
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
W
r
=2
3
.
5
m
m
,
W
s
=0
.
6
m
m
,
W
s
1
=2
0
m
m
,
g
=1
m
m
a
n
d
g
1
=1
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
m
eta
m
ater
ial
u
n
it
ce
ll
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a,
(
a)
Fro
n
t v
ie
w
,
(
b
)
B
ac
k
v
ie
w
Af
ter
m
a
n
y
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
by
u
s
i
n
g
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
in
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
s
tu
d
io
,
we
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
a
t
e
v
er
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
h
a
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
e
f
f
ec
t
on
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
of
t
h
e
a
n
t
en
n
a.
T
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
of
th
e
le
n
g
t
h
,
t
h
e
w
id
th
a
n
d
th
e
g
ap
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
r
i
n
g
s
of
t
h
e
C
SR
R
ar
e
in
v
es
tig
a
ted
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
S1
1
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
len
g
t
h
s
of
L
p
3
.
It
can
be
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
by
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
le
n
g
t
h
of
L
p
3
f
r
o
m
1
mm
to
7
mm
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
an
d
th
e
lo
w
er
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
v
al
u
e
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
at
L
p
3
=
3
.
5
mm.
T
h
e
S
i
m
u
lated
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
S1
1
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
6
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
h
ei
g
h
ts
of
L
p
4
f
r
o
m
8
mm
to
1
5
.
5
m
m
,
all
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
5
0
7
–
3
5
1
4
3510
k
ep
t
co
n
s
tan
t.
By
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
le
n
g
t
h
s
of
L
p
4
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
an
d
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
e
m
ain
s
u
n
c
h
an
g
ed
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
v
al
u
e
of
L
p
4
=
1
5
.
5
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
of
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
al
u
e
s
of
L
p
3
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
of
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
al
u
e
s
of
L
p
4
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
a
lu
e
s
of
t
h
e
len
g
th
of
th
e
C
S
R
R
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
As
t
h
e
le
n
g
t
h
Ws
of
t
h
e
C
SR
R
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
1
.
2
mm
to
0
.
6
m
m
,
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
ar
e
m
o
v
ed
to
a
lo
w
er
v
al
u
e,
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
v
alu
e
of
Ws
is
0
.
6
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
of
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
al
u
e
s
of
Ws
Af
ter
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
,
we
h
av
e
v
alid
ated
th
e
f
i
n
al
a
n
ten
n
a
g
e
o
m
e
tr
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
a
g
ai
n
s
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
of
th
e
f
in
al
c
ir
cu
it.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
t
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e,
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
o
p
e
r
ates
at
t
w
o
R
FID
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
2
.
4
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
8
G
Hz
w
it
h
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
of
-
2
5
.
7
3
dB
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
R
FID
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
a
n
d
b
elo
w
-
2
4
.
4
7
dB
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
R
FID
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
N
ew
Du
a
l
B
a
n
d
P
r
in
ted
Me
ta
ma
teri
a
l
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
RFID
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ea
d
er
A
p
p
lica
tio
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s
(
A
b
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elh
a
d
i
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n
n
a
jih
)
3511
f
r
o
m
2
.
3
3
GHz
to
2
.
5
3
GHz
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
f
r
o
m
5
.
5
8
GHz
to
6
.
0
4
GHz
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
.
In
o
r
d
er
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
by
u
s
i
n
g
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
Stu
d
io
b
ased
on
th
e
f
i
n
ite
i
n
t
eg
r
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
(
FIT
)
,
we
h
av
e
m
ad
e
an
o
th
er
s
i
m
u
latio
n
u
s
i
n
g
H
FS
S
b
ased
on
th
e
f
i
n
ite
ele
m
en
t
m
e
th
o
d
(
FEM
)
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
As
we
ca
n
s
ee
,
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
n
ea
r
l
y
t
h
e
s
a
m
e.
T
h
e
s
li
g
h
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
er
ical
m
et
h
o
d
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
v
s
.
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
et
u
r
n
l
o
s
s
b
et
w
ee
n
C
ST
an
d
HFSS
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
T
h
e
p
ea
k
g
ain
of
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
is
1
.
8
5
dB
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
an
d
3
.
9
2
dB
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
,
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
g
ain
r
e
s
u
lt
s
v
er
s
u
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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te
n
n
a
at
2
.
4
5
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
in
H
-
p
lan
e
a
n
d
E
-
p
lan
e
ar
e
ill
u
s
tr
ate
d
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
As
ca
n
be
s
ee
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
in
b
o
th
H
-
p
lan
e
a
n
d
E
-
p
lan
e.
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
Gain
v
s
.
fr
eq
u
e
n
c
y
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
5
0
7
–
3
5
1
4
3512
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
R
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
at
2.
4
5
GHz
,
(
a)
E
-
p
lan
e
,
(
b
)
H
-
p
lan
e
Fig
u
r
e
12
.
R
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
at
5.
8
GHz
,
(
a)
E
-
p
lan
e
,
(
b
)
H
-
p
lan
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
s
u
r
f
a
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
8
GHz.
As
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
e,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
L
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
l
o
t
an
d
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
s
p
lit
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cie
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
13
.
Su
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
is
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
s
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
na
at
,
(
a)
2
.
4
5
GHz
,
(
b
)
5
.
8
G
Hz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
N
ew
Du
a
l
B
a
n
d
P
r
in
ted
Me
ta
ma
teri
a
l
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
RFID
R
ea
d
er
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
A
b
d
elh
a
d
i
E
n
n
a
jih
)
3513
3.
ACH
I
E
V
E
M
E
NT
AND
M
E
ASURE
M
E
N
T
RE
S
UL
T
S
Af
ter
v
alid
atio
n
of
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
esu
lts
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
u
s
in
g
C
ST
an
d
HFS
S,
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
of
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
o
p
ti
m
ized
cir
cu
i
t
w
a
s
f
ab
r
icate
d
u
s
in
g
L
P
KF
m
ac
h
in
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
on
th
e
FR
-
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
a
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
of
1
.
6
m
m
a
n
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
of
4
.
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
s
h
o
w
s
a
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
of
th
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
an
ten
n
a.
As
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
t
h
is
a
n
ten
n
a
is
s
i
m
p
le
in
f
ab
r
icatio
n
,
h
as
a
s
i
n
g
le
la
y
er
a
n
d
a
to
tal
s
ize
of
3
0
m
m
x
4
0
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
14
.
P
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
of
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
an
ten
n
a
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
of
th
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
an
te
n
n
a
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
by
u
s
i
n
g
a
Vec
to
r
Net
w
o
r
k
An
al
y
ze
r
f
r
o
m
R
o
h
d
e
&
Sc
h
war
z.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
of
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lts
of
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
5
.
As
s
ee
n
in
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
e,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lts
h
av
e
a
g
o
o
d
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
u
lts
.
Fig
u
r
e
15
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
of
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
of
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
at
t
h
e
R
FID
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
2
.
4
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
.
Fro
m
t
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
we
ca
n
n
o
tice
t
h
at
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
m
p
e
d
an
ce
b
an
d
w
id
th
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
esu
lts
by
a
3
0
MH
z
at
f
ir
s
t
R
FID
b
an
d
an
d
2
1
7
MH
z
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
R
FID
b
an
d
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
R
e
so
n
a
n
c
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
G
H
z
)
R
e
t
u
r
n
l
o
ss
(
d
B
)
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
M
H
z
)
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
C
S
T
2
.
4
5
-
25
1
9
0
5
.
8
-
24
4
5
8
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
H
F
S
S
2
.
4
5
-
1
6
.
8
4
1
5
0
5
.
8
-
2
2
.
5
3
6
0
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
2
.
4
5
-
2
1
.
0
7
2
1
0
5
.
8
-
2
0
.
8
6
6
7
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
3
5
0
7
–
3
5
1
4
3514
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
w
er
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
o
m
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
w
o
r
k
in
th
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
in
ter
m
of
to
tal
ar
ea
o
cc
u
p
ied
by
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a,
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
3,
we
can
co
n
clu
d
e
t
h
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
a
m
i
n
iat
u
r
ized
s
ize.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
of
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
s
o
m
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
an
te
n
n
as
R
e
f
.
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
s
(
mm
2
)
T
o
t
a
l
a
r
e
a
(
mm
2
)
R
e
so
n
a
n
c
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
G
H
z
)
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
p
u
r
p
o
se
[
1
3
]
60
x
80
4
8
0
0
2
.
4
5
M
o
n
o
b
a
n
d
[
1
4
]
60
x
60
3
6
0
0
2
.
4
5
/
5
.
8
D
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
[
1
5
]
75
x
75
5
6
2
5
2
.
4
/
5
D
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
[
1
6
]
50
x
35
1
7
5
0
2
.
4
/
5
.
8
D
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
40
x
30
1
2
0
0
2
.
4
5
/
5
.
8
D
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
In
th
i
s
p
ap
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we
p
r
esen
t
a
n
e
w
d
u
al
b
an
d
p
r
in
ted
a
n
t
en
n
a
f
o
r
R
FID
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
ased
on
m
eta
m
ater
ial,
w
h
ich
o
p
er
ates
at
t
w
o
R
FID
b
an
d
2
.
4
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
.
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h
e
ef
f
ec
t
of
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
s
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lit
r
in
g
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n
ato
r
on
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
w
as
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
p
r
es
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ts
g
o
o
d
r
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lt
s
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ter
m
s
of
b
an
d
w
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h
,
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
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d
g
ai
n
,
th
e
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e
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es
u
lt
s
ar
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
i
n
teg
r
at
io
n
of
th
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C
S
R
R
s
tr
u
ct
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r
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h
e
p
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p
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ed
a
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ten
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m
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lated
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d
v
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l
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ated
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s
in
g
t
w
o
elec
tr
o
m
ag
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o
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ST
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d
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SS
.
T
h
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
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d
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te
n
n
a
w
as
m
ea
s
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r
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s
i
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a
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A
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th
e
m
ea
s
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r
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r
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lt
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ar
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o
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ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
o
n
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
En
n
a
ji
h
A
,
Zb
it
o
u
J,
Err
k
ik
A
,
T
a
jm
o
u
a
ti
A
,
El
A
b
d
e
ll
a
o
u
i
L,
L
a
tr
a
c
h
M.
A
n
o
v
e
l
d
e
si
g
n
of
p
a
ss
ive
UHF
RF
ID
ta
g
a
n
ten
n
a
mo
u
n
te
d
on
p
a
p
e
r
.
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
on
W
irele
ss
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
a
n
d
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
s
(
W
IT
S
)
,
F
e
z
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
2
0
1
7
;
1
-
6
.
[2
]
Ch
a
o
u
k
i
G,
A
b
d
e
lh
a
k
F,
A
li
G.
A
M
o
d
if
ied
F
ra
c
tal
B
o
w
T
ie
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
an
R
F
ID
Re
a
d
e
r
.
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
.
2
0
1
4
;
4
(3
):
4
4
1
-
4
4
6
.
[3
]
Ev
iza
l,
T
h
a
re
k
A
,
S
h
a
ru
l
KA
,
S
ri
L
R
.
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
of
RF
ID
EP
C
G
e
n
2
T
a
g
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
A
c
c
e
ss
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
y
ste
m
.
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
.
2
0
1
3
;
3
(
6
):
7
2
4
-
7
3
1
.
[4
]
En
n
a
ji
h
A
,
Zb
it
o
u
J
,
L
a
tra
c
h
M,
Err
k
ik
A
,
El
A
b
d
e
ll
a
o
u
i
L
,
T
a
j
m
o
u
a
ti
A.
Du
a
l
Ba
n
d
M
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
P
ri
n
ted
A
n
ten
n
a
Ba
se
d
on
CS
RR
F
o
r
RF
ID
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
and
O
p
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
2
0
1
7
;
1
2
(2
)
:
106
-
1
1
3
.
[5
]
S
o
f
i
A,
Ro
k
y
K
,
Bo
u
h
o
rm
a
M
,
Ba
ra
k
a
IH.
No
v
e
l
A
n
ten
n
a
s
f
o
r
UHF
RF
ID
T
a
g
s:
De
sig
n
a
n
d
M
in
iatu
riza
ti
o
n
.
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
.
2
0
1
4
;
4
(
1
):
75
-
8
0
.
[6
]
Ch
o
i
J,
Kim
U
,
Ki
m
T.
De
sig
n
of
RF
ID
re
a
d
e
r
a
n
ten
n
a
s
fo
r
UHF
RF
ID
h
a
n
d
h
e
l
d
sy
ste
ms
.
2011
p
r
o
c
.
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
on
A
n
ten
n
a
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(i
WAT
)
.
2
0
1
1
;
33
–
3
6
.
[7
]
V
e
se
lag
o
V
G
.
T
h
e
e
lec
tro
d
y
n
a
m
ics
of
su
b
sta
n
c
e
s
w
it
h
sim
u
lt
a
n
e
o
u
sly
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
v
a
lu
e
s
of
ε
a
n
d
μ.
P
h
y
sic
s
-
Us
p
e
k
h
i
.
1
9
6
8
;
1
0
(
4
):
5
0
9
–
5
1
4
.
[8
]
M
a
rq
u
e
s
R
,
M
e
sa
F
,
M
a
rtel
J
,
M
e
d
in
a
F.
C
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
of
e
d
g
e
-
a
n
d
b
ro
a
d
si
d
e
-
c
o
u
p
led
sp
li
t
rin
g
re
so
n
a
to
r
s
f
o
r
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
d
e
sig
n
-
T
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
ts.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
on
A
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
io
n
.
2
0
0
3
;
5
1
(
1
0
)
:
2
5
7
2
–
2
5
8
1
.
[9
]
M
a
rq
u
é
s
R,
M
e
d
in
a
F,
Ra
f
ii
ER.
Ro
le
of
b
ian
iso
tro
p
y
in
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
il
it
y
an
d
lef
t
-
h
a
n
d
e
d
m
e
ta
m
a
teri
a
ls.
Ph
y
sic
a
l
Rev
iew
B
.
2
0
0
2
;
6
5
(1
4
):
1
4
4
4
4
0
.
[1
0
]
Du
rá
n
-
S
i
n
d
re
u
M,
Na
q
u
i
J
,
P
a
re
d
e
s
F
,
Bo
n
a
c
h
e
J
,
M
a
rtí
n
F.
El
e
c
tri
c
a
ll
y
S
m
a
ll
R
e
so
n
a
to
rs
f
o
r
P
lan
a
r
M
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Circu
it
a
n
d
A
n
ten
n
a
De
sig
n
:
A
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis.
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
.
2
0
1
2
;
2
(
4
):
3
7
5
–
3
9
5
.
[1
1
]
K
a
ri
m
z
a
d
e
h
B
K
,
Da
d
a
sh
z
a
d
e
h
G
,
Kh
a
ra
k
h
il
i
F
G
.
Us
in
g
of
C
S
RR
a
n
d
i
ts
Eq
u
iva
le
n
t
Circ
u
it
M
o
d
e
l
in
S
ize
Red
u
c
ti
o
n
of
M
icr
o
strip
An
ten
n
a
.
2
0
0
7
p
ro
c
.
A
sia
-
P
a
c
if
ic
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
.
2007;
1
–
4.
[1
2
]
Ye
o
m
a
n
MS,
O
’n
e
il
l
M
A
.
Imp
e
d
a
n
c
e
M
a
tch
in
g
of
T
a
g
An
te
n
n
a
to
M
a
x
imize
RF
ID
Rea
d
R
a
n
g
e
s
;
De
sig
n
Op
ti
miza
ti
o
n
.
2
0
1
4
p
ro
c
.
COM
S
OL
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
.
2014.
[1
3
]
Al
-
S
h
a
h
e
e
n
A
,
.
Ne
w
P
a
tch
An
ten
n
a
f
o
r
Ism
Ba
n
d
At
2
.
4
5
G
h
z
.
ARPN
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s.
2
0
1
2
;
7
(
1
):
1
–
9
.
[1
4
]
Ra
n
i
M
S
A
,
Ra
h
im
S
K
A
,
T
h
a
re
k
A
R,
P
e
ter
T,
Ch
e
u
n
g
S
W
.
D
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
T
r
a
n
sp
a
re
n
t
A
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
IS
M
Ba
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
3
p
ro
c
.
P
ro
g
re
ss
in
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
Re
se
a
rc
h
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
,
T
a
ip
e
i
.
2
0
1
3
;
4
9
0
–
4
9
3
.
[1
5
]
Wu
J
W
.
2
.
4
/5
-
G
Hz
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
tri
a
n
g
u
lar
slo
t
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
and
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
.
2
0
0
5
;
4
5
(1
):
81
–
8
4
.
[1
6
]
P
a
n
d
a
JR,
Ks
h
e
tri
m
a
y
u
m
RS
.
A
P
ri
n
ted
2
.
4
G
h
z
/5
.
8
G
h
z
Du
a
l
-
Ba
n
d
M
o
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
A
P
r
o
tru
d
in
g
S
t
u
b
in
T
h
e
G
ro
u
n
d
P
lan
e
f
o
r
W
lan
A
n
d
Rf
id
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
Pr
o
g
re
ss
In
E
l
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s
Res
e
a
rc
h
.
2
0
1
1
;
1
1
7
:
4
2
5
–
4
3
4
.
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