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I
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2
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8
8
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8708
I
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Vo
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7
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No
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5
,
Octo
b
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2
0
1
7
:
24
59
–
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67
2460
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ac
e
T
im
e
B
lo
ck
C
o
d
in
g
(
STB
C
)
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
w
h
ich
e
x
p
l
o
its
s
p
atial
d
o
m
ai
n
alo
n
g
w
i
th
t
i
m
e
d
o
m
a
in
.
ST
B
C
cr
ea
tes
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
r
ed
u
ce
s
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al.
I
t
i
s
t
h
u
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
h
i
g
h
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
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ai
n
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
ST
B
C
is
to
f
i
n
d
co
d
e
m
atr
ices t
h
at
s
a
tis
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y
ce
r
tai
n
o
p
ti
m
ali
t
y
cr
iter
ia.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
T
h
e
MI
MO
id
ea
b
ec
o
m
e
s
ev
en
a
lo
t
o
f
attr
ac
ti
v
e
i
n
m
u
ltiu
s
er
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
w
h
er
ev
er
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
w
i
ll
b
e
ac
c
u
m
u
la
t
ed
b
y
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ati
n
g
m
a
n
y
u
s
er
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
e
x
p
en
s
e
o
f
v
alu
ab
le
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Mu
ltiu
s
er
ac
ce
s
s
o
f
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
is
t
h
at
th
e
ac
t
u
al
d
em
a
n
d
in
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
O
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
h
i
g
h
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
r
esis
ta
n
ce
to
m
u
ltip
at
h
f
ad
in
g
,
th
e
OFDM
A
(
Or
th
o
g
o
n
al
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
Di
v
is
io
n
Mu
l
tip
le
A
cc
e
s
s
)
co
u
ld
b
e
a
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
ca
n
d
i
d
ate
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
w
ir
ele
s
s
m
u
lti
u
s
er
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
3
GP
P
lo
n
g
ter
m
e
v
o
l
u
tio
n
ad
v
an
ce
d
(
L
T
E
-
A
)
,
I
EEE
8
0
2
.
1
6
w
o
r
ld
w
id
e
ab
ili
t
y
f
o
r
m
icr
o
w
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
(
W
i
-
M
A
X)
,
a
n
d
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
2
2
w
ir
eless
r
e
g
io
n
al
ar
ea
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
W
R
A
N)
.
I
n
A
s
s
o
ci
ate
in
Nu
r
s
i
n
g
OFDM
A
s
y
s
te
m
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
f
ad
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
li
k
el
y
t
o
b
e
s
tatis
t
icall
y
f
r
e
elan
ce
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
u
s
er
s
.
W
it
h
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
at
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
(
C
SIT
)
,
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
s
y
s
te
m
ca
p
ac
it
y
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
b
est
u
s
er
f
o
r
ev
er
y
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
ad
ap
tin
g
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
ted
tr
an
s
m
its
p
o
w
er
.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
i
n
ter
est
in
m
u
lti
-
m
ed
ia
s
er
v
ices
s
u
ch
a
s
v
id
eo
co
n
f
er
en
cin
g
a
n
d
o
n
li
n
e
h
i
g
h
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
(
H
D)
v
id
eo
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
h
a
s
te
n
d
s
to
a
n
in
cr
ed
ib
le
d
e
m
an
d
f
o
r
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
w
i
th
ce
r
tain
g
u
ar
an
teed
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
QO
S)
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
m
i
x
o
f
MI
M
O
an
d
O
FDM
A
is
ta
k
e
n
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
a
v
iab
le
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
t
h
e
s
e
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ates.
I
n
f
ac
t,
t
h
e
d
ata
r
at
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t d
u
e
to
m
u
ltip
l
e
an
ten
n
a
s
is
u
n
li
m
ited
if
w
e
a
llo
w
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
an
ten
n
a
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
at
b
o
th
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
an
d
also
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
to
g
r
o
w
.
Yet,
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
MI
MO
a
n
d
OFDM
A
d
o
n
o
t
co
m
e
f
o
r
f
r
e
e.
T
h
e
y
h
av
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
f
i
n
a
n
cial
i
m
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
ap
ac
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
r
ice
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
cir
c
u
itrie
s
t
h
at
is
u
s
u
all
y
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
F
o
r
s
ing
le
us
er
M
I
M
O
s
y
s
t
e
m
:
An
te
n
n
a
s
1
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
s
en
d
s
ig
n
a
ls
1
,
.
.
.
.
,
to
r
ec
eiv
e
a
n
te
n
n
as
1
,
.
.
.
.
E
ac
h
r
ec
eiv
e
s
an
ten
n
a
co
m
b
in
es
t
h
e
i
n
co
m
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
als
w
h
ich
co
h
er
e
n
tl
y
ad
d
u
p
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
als
at
an
ten
n
as,
1
,
.
.
.
ar
e
r
esp
ec
t
iv
el
y
d
en
o
ted
b
y
1
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
W
e
ex
p
r
es
s
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
at
an
ten
n
a
; q
=1
,
.
.
.
,
as:
=
∑
ℎ
=
1
.
+
;
q
=
1
,
.
.
.
,
(
1
)
T
h
e
f
lat
f
ad
i
n
g
MI
M
O
c
h
an
n
e
l
m
o
d
el
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
E
n
h
a
n
c
eme
n
t in
S
U
a
n
d
MU MI
MO
-
OF
DM Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
W
i
r
eles
s
…
(
S
.
N
.
R
a
u
t
)
2461
y
=
H
.
x
+
b
2
.
2
F
o
r
M
ultius
er
M
I
M
O
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
:
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l v
ec
to
r
at
u
s
er
; k
=
1
.
.
.
k
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
:
=
.
Vt
(
)
.
+
∑
.
Vt
(
)
=
1
,
≠
.
+
; k
=
1
,
.
.
.
K
(
2
)
W
h
er
e:
(
×
)
is
th
e
co
m
p
lex
c
h
a
n
n
el
m
atr
ix
b
et
w
ee
n
r
ec
ei
v
er
an
d
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
it b
ase
s
tat
io
n
.
(
×
1
)
is
an
ad
d
itiv
e
n
o
is
e
s
i
g
n
al
v
ec
to
r
.
(
)
(
N
×
1
)
is
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
t b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
v
ec
to
r
o
f
in
d
e
x
k
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
t b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
m
atr
i
x
is
:
=
[
(
1
)
, . . . .
,
(
)
]
A
t t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
e
s
id
e,
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
d
en
o
ted
b
y
:
(
)
(
×
1
).
(
)
=
[
(
1
)
,
.
.
.
.
.
(
)
]
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
s
i
g
n
al
at
u
s
er
is
:
=
∗
.
(
)
;
k
=
1
,
.
.
.
.
K.
(
3
)
OFDM
(
Or
th
o
g
o
n
al
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
Di
v
is
io
n
Mu
l
tip
lex
i
n
g
)
:
OFDM
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
m
an
y
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
u
s
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
s
i
g
n
als
(
)
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
:
(
)
=
1
∑
−
1
=
0
(
)
[
+
(
)
]
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
=
0
+ n
∆
T
h
is
is
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
i
g
n
al.
I
f
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
ea
c
h
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
o
v
er
o
n
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
n
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
les
(
t)
an
d
(
t)
tak
e
o
n
f
i
x
ed
v
al
u
es,
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
ca
r
r
ier
,
an
d
s
o
ca
n
b
e
r
ew
r
itte
n
:
(
)
(
t)
I
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
is
s
a
m
p
led
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
/T
,
t
h
en
t
h
e
r
es
u
lti
n
g
s
i
g
n
al
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
:
(
k
T
)
=
1
∑
[
[
0
+
∆
)
+
]
−
1
=
0
(
5
)
A
t
th
i
s
p
o
in
t,
w
e
h
a
v
e
r
estri
cted
th
e
ti
m
e
o
v
er
w
h
ic
h
w
e
an
al
y
s
e
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
to
N
s
a
m
p
les.
I
t
is
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t to
s
a
m
p
le
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
o
n
e
d
ata
s
y
m
b
o
l.
T
h
u
s
w
e
h
av
e
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
:
t =
NT
I
f
w
e
n
o
w
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
E
q
.
(
5
)
,
w
i
th
o
u
t a
lo
s
s
o
f
g
e
n
er
alit
y
b
y
le
ttin
g
w
0
=0
,
th
e
n
th
e
s
ig
n
al
b
e
co
m
e
s
:
(
k
T
)
=
1
∑
−
1
=
0
(
∆
)
(
6
)
No
w
E
q
.
(
6
)
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
f
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
s
e
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
24
59
–
24
67
2462
g
(
k
T
)
=
1
∑
(
)
−
1
=
0
2
/
(
7
)
I
n
E
q
.
(
6
)
,
th
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
is
n
o
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
a
d
ef
i
n
it
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
in
th
e
s
a
m
p
led
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
,
an
d
s
(
kT
)
i
s
th
e
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ai
n
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
.
E
q
n
s
.
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
ar
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t i
f
:
∆
=
∆
2
=
1
=
1
(
8
)
T
h
is
is
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
at
w
a
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
alit
y
(
s
ee
I
mp
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
a
lity
)
.
T
h
u
s
,
o
n
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
ali
t
y
i
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
OFDM
s
i
g
n
a
l c
an
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
3
.
L
I
T
E
RA
T
URE
SURV
E
Y
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
Nar
en
d
r
a
M.
R
.
in
[
1
]
p
r
esen
t
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
an
d
ev
al
u
ated
th
e
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
Ala
m
o
u
ti,
Z
F
a
n
d
ML
D
d
ec
o
d
er
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
2
×2
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
co
n
clu
d
e
t
h
at
A
la
m
o
u
ti
g
i
v
es
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fo
r
a
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
ST
B
C
m
u
ltip
le
x
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
Z
F
an
d
M
L
D
r
ec
ei
v
er
s
p
r
o
m
o
tes
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
b
etter
SN
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
R
esear
c
h
er
co
n
s
id
er
s
o
n
l
y
B
P
SK
an
d
QP
SK,
o
th
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
d
i
g
it
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
g
iv
e
s
b
et
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
co
-
c
h
an
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
is
p
r
esen
t.
Ko
m
i
E
.
Da
w
u
i,
Dir
k
T
.
M.
Slo
ck
in
[
2
]
h
as
p
r
esen
ted
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
f
u
ll
C
SI
k
n
o
w
n
a
t
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
th
e
SV
D
m
eth
o
d
b
u
t
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
ass
u
m
ed
p
er
f
ec
t
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
at
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
w
h
i
ch
is
n
o
t a
l
w
a
y
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
i
n
p
r
ac
tical
s
it
u
atio
n
.
I
n
[
3
]
,
th
er
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
t
h
at,
th
e
c
o
m
p
ar
e
ab
s
o
l
u
te
SN
R
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
an
d
n
o
r
m
alize
d
SN
R
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
f
o
r
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
a
n
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
w
ir
ele
s
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
b
u
t
th
at
s
y
s
te
m
d
id
it
f
o
r
o
n
l
y
N
ak
ag
a
m
i
-
m
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
an
n
el
b
ec
au
s
e
P
r
ac
ticall
y
t
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
m
o
r
e
f
ad
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
Gu
r
p
r
ee
t
Si
n
g
h
,
P
r
i
y
an
k
a
Mis
h
r
a,
R
a
h
u
l
Vij
h
a
s
d
o
n
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
B
E
R
f
o
r
M
L
-
VB
L
A
ST
[
4
]
f
o
r
tw
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
s
B
P
SK
an
d
QP
SK
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
an
ten
n
a
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
i
n
r
icea
n
an
d
R
a
y
leig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
in
th
is
s
ch
e
m
e
th
e
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
li
k
eli
h
o
o
d
d
ec
o
d
in
g
s
ch
e
m
e
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
is
s
u
e.
U
m
a
S
in
g
h
R
ag
h
u
w
an
s
h
i,
P
r
o
f
.
P
u
s
h
p
r
aj
T
an
w
ar
h
a
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
t
u
d
ie
d
an
d
an
al
y
s
ed
[
5
]
th
at
Z
F
-
VB
L
A
ST
,
MM
SE
-
VB
L
A
ST
,
QR
-
VB
L
AST
w
r
t
t
h
eir
SNR
a
n
d
B
E
R
.
B
u
t
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
V
-
B
last
i
s
n
o
t p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
No
is
e
o
r
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t c
lear
l
y
m
en
tio
n
ed
.
R
esear
ch
er
i
n
[
6
]
,
h
av
e
s
t
u
d
ied
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
OFD
M
A
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
co
n
d
itio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
tr
an
s
ce
i
v
er
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
i
n
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
th
e
y
as
s
u
m
ed
t
h
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
ch
a
n
n
el
p
o
w
er
all
o
ca
tio
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
.
D.
A
.
B
as
n
a
y
a
k
a,
P
.
J
.
Sm
it
h
,
an
d
P
.
A
.
Ma
r
tin
i
n
[
7
]
tr
y
to
s
o
lv
e
m
a
cr
o
d
iv
er
s
it
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
u
s
in
g
MM
SE
an
d
Z
F
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
SNR
w
it
h
ar
b
itar
ar
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
it
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
e
an
ten
n
a
s
.
A
n
d
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
d
id
[
7
]
is
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
th
r
ee
b
ase
s
t
atio
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
y
h
av
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
l
y
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
el.
M
J
u
n
g
,
Y
Ki
m
,
J
L
ee
,
a
n
d
S
C
h
o
i
h
as
b
ee
n
[
8
]
ev
al
u
ated
th
at,
t
h
e
er
g
o
d
ic
s
u
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
ts
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
u
s
i
n
g
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
an
d
s
p
atiall
y
u
n
co
r
r
elate
d
MI
MO
ch
an
n
els
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
I
t
w
as
n
ev
er
m
en
t
io
n
i
n
[
8
]
an
y
t
h
in
g
ab
o
u
t
ch
a
n
n
e
l
o
r
f
ad
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
w
h
ich
w
a
s
tak
e
n
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
wh
ile
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
th
i
s
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
S
Su
n
,
C
h
ih
-
W
ei
C
,
Sh
i
n
-
W
ei
C
,
H
s
iao
-
H
w
a
C
h
e
n
a
n
d
W
Me
n
g
i
n
[
9
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
e
w
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
m
p
le
m
en
tar
y
co
d
e
n
a
m
ed
3
DC
C
w
h
ic
h
in
te
g
r
ate
ST
C
an
d
C
DM
A
f
o
r
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
b
u
t
t
h
at
co
d
e
d
id
it
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
t
w
o
tr
a
n
s
m
it
tin
g
an
ten
n
a
s
s
o
tr
an
s
m
it
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
is
v
er
y
le
s
s
in
t
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
Yi
Ho
n
g
,
E
V
iter
b
o
an
d
J
C
B
elf
io
r
e
h
as
u
s
ed
T
A
ST
b
lo
ck
co
d
es
an
d
p
er
f
ec
t
ST
B
C
s
f
o
r
s
u
ch
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
h
ig
h
es
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
an
d
f
u
ll
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
g
ai
n
in
[
1
0
]
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
ly
4
tr
an
s
m
i
ttin
g
an
te
n
n
as,
in
[
1
0
]
n
ev
er
m
en
tio
n
ed
as
n
o
.
o
f
an
ten
n
a
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
h
at
is
o
v
er
all
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
s
h
u
T
u
li,
Nar
en
d
er
K
u
m
ar
&
K
an
ch
a
n
Sh
ar
m
a
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
1
6
-
Q
A
M
&
OFDM
[
1
1
]
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
ea
k
to
av
er
ag
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
OFDM
s
i
g
n
al
w
i
th
K
Fad
i
n
g
ch
an
n
el
co
ef
f
ic
ien
t.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
o
r
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
u
s
er
.
I
n
r
ea
l
t
h
e
y
m
u
lti
p
le
u
s
er
s
,
to
s
o
l
v
e
to
tal
f
ad
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
MI
MO
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
w
it
h
OFD
M.
T
h
e
MI
MO
s
ch
e
m
e
in
[
1
2
]
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
g
en
er
atio
n
W
L
A
Ns
o
v
er
m
u
lt
ip
at
h
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el
w
it
h
A
W
GN
c
h
an
n
els.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
a
n
o
v
el
h
y
b
r
id
s
p
ac
e
-
ti
m
e
b
lo
ck
co
d
in
g
(
HST
B
C
)
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
it
ig
at
in
g
s
ig
n
al
f
ad
in
g
a
s
w
ell
a
s
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
MI
MO
–
OFDM
b
ased
W
L
A
N
s
i
n
w
h
ic
h
s
i
g
n
al
to
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
is
f
ir
s
t
p
r
e
-
co
d
ed
an
d
t
h
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
th
en
co
d
ed
u
s
i
n
g
s
p
ac
e
-
ti
m
e
b
lo
ck
co
d
e
to
f
o
r
m
a
HST
B
C
.
W
ei
Ni,
R
P
L
iu
,
J
B
is
w
as,
Xin
W
,
I
.
B
.
C
o
llin
g
s
,
an
d
S
an
j
ay
J
h
a
h
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
e
w
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
m
u
l
tiu
s
er
[
1
3
]
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
p
r
io
r
ities
.
Au
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
o
v
e
th
at
w
i
th
th
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
v
id
eo
q
u
alit
y
g
o
es
o
n
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
r
esear
ch
er
co
n
s
id
er
o
n
l
y
u
r
b
an
a
r
ea
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
li
m
itat
io
n
s
s
h
o
ws
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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I
SS
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2
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8
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P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
E
n
h
a
n
c
eme
n
t in
S
U
a
n
d
MU MI
MO
-
OF
DM Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
W
i
r
eles
s
…
(
S
.
N
.
R
a
u
t
)
2463
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
elec
ted
u
s
er
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
i
n
[
1
4
]
d
e
r
iv
ed
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
o
f
av
er
a
g
e
B
E
R
a
n
d
SE
f
o
r
MU
-
MI
MO
an
d
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
v
ar
iab
l
e
ST
g
iv
e
s
b
etter
r
e
s
u
l
ts
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
f
i
x
ed
ST
b
u
t
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
h
as
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
o
n
l
y
q
u
a
s
i
-
s
tat
ic
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
a
n
d
n
e
v
er
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
ter
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
an
d
co
-
c
h
a
n
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
A
C
h
a
h
al,
A
Ka
u
r
R
Sin
g
h
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
an
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
s
p
atial
d
i
v
is
io
n
m
u
l
tip
lex
i
n
g
in
th
at
d
iv
id
es
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
tr
ea
m
s
i
n
to
ti
m
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
A
l
s
o
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
p
atial
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
w
e
ar
e
g
o
in
g
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
p
atial
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
alo
n
g
w
it
h
ST
B
C
f
o
r
o
u
r
n
e
w
MI
MO
-
OS
DM
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
o
n
l
y
R
a
y
le
ig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
c
h
an
n
el.
F
u
r
t
h
er
in
[
1
6
]
,
X
W
an
g
an
d
D
Yu
e,
B
in
L
i
n
&
Yu
Go
n
g
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
co
d
es
o
f
OST
B
C
w
it
h
t
h
e
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
;
ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
,
it
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
a
n
d
ch
ec
k
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
p
ac
e
ti
m
e
b
lo
ck
co
d
e
o
v
er
n
ak
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
c
h
a
n
n
e
l in
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
[
1
7
]
,
M
R
.
B
h
atn
ag
ar
,
A
r
e
H
an
d
L
So
n
g
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
b
y
co
-
o
r
d
in
ated
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
s
in
g
le
u
s
er
ST
B
C
s
w
e
ca
n
co
m
p
letel
y
el
i
m
in
ate
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
in
a
m
u
lt
ip
le
ce
ll
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
A
4
×
4
b
o
th
u
s
er
ST
B
C
co
d
e
d
esig
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ec
o
u
p
led
d
ec
o
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
at
a
o
f
ea
ch
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
lt
iu
s
er
ST
B
C
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
th
a
n
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
m
u
lti
u
s
er
ST
B
C
s
a
n
d
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
lo
w
er
v
al
u
e
o
f
p
ea
k
-
to
-
av
er
a
g
e
p
o
w
er
r
atio
(
P
A
P
R
)
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
tr
i
v
ial
T
DM
A
b
ased
ST
B
C
.
I
n
[
1
8
]
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
d
id
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
A
la
m
o
u
ti,
MRC
d
ec
o
d
er
d
o
n
e
w
i
th
B
P
SK
an
d
c
o
n
clu
d
e
th
at
A
l
a
m
o
u
ti
g
iv
e
s
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
2
×2
MI
M
O
s
y
s
te
m
Ala
m
o
u
ti
g
iv
e
s
b
e
tter
r
esu
lts
w
it
h
B
P
SK
b
u
t
l
o
t
o
f
o
t
h
er
d
ig
ital
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
w
h
ich
g
i
v
es
le
s
s
B
E
R
.
A
l
s
o
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
p
r
esen
t
w
h
ic
h
g
iv
e
s
b
etter
r
esu
lt.
I
n
“
Mu
l
tiu
s
er
Dete
ctio
n
o
f
A
la
m
o
u
ti
Si
g
n
als”
[
1
9
]
,
C
h
e
e
W
T
an
d
A
.
R
C
ald
er
b
an
k
p
r
esen
ted
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
th
e
m
u
lti
u
s
er
d
et
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
Ala
m
o
u
ti
s
ig
n
als
o
v
er
an
i.i.
d
.
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
ch
a
n
n
els
b
y
A
-
B
L
A
S
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
d
ec
o
d
in
g
s
ig
n
al
an
d
QO
ST
B
C
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
l
a
tio
n
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
1
o
r
2
b
it
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
is
u
s
ed
to
in
s
tr
u
ct
t
h
e
t
r
an
s
m
itter
b
u
t
t
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
iv
er
s
it
y
at
tr
an
s
m
itter
e
n
d
n
o
t
r
ec
ei
v
er
en
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
B
E
R
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
i
s
m
o
r
e.
F
u
r
th
er
,
i
n
[
20
]
,
R
esear
ch
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at
if
n
o
.
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
is
4
p
er
u
s
er
f
o
r
k
u
s
er
w
i
th
n
o
.
o
f
r
ec
eiv
in
g
a
n
te
n
n
as
k
/2
.
MM
SE
d
etec
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
g
i
v
es
b
etter
r
esu
lt
s
th
an
Z
F.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
n
ev
er
co
n
s
id
er
s
i
n
ter
s
y
m
b
o
lin
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
co
-
ch
an
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
d
o
n
e
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
co
v
er
a
g
e
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
r
esear
ch
er
d
er
iv
ed
n
e
w
a
n
al
y
t
ical
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
i
n
m
u
ltire
la
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
ca
lcu
late
s
o
n
l
y
d
iv
er
s
it
y
o
r
d
er
an
d
co
d
in
g
g
ai
n
p
r
o
b
lem
b
u
t
lo
t
o
f
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
M
I
MO
s
y
s
te
m
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
.
I
n
[2
2
]
is
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
h
o
w
MI
MO
-
ST
B
C
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
lti
p
le
tr
an
s
m
it
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
e
a
n
t
en
n
a
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
,
w
h
ich
r
e
s
u
l
ts
i
n
h
i
g
h
s
i
g
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SN
R
)
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
b
y
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
tr
a
n
s
m
it
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
e
an
te
n
n
as
SN
R
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
f
o
r
s
i
n
g
le
as
w
ell
a
s
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
u
s
er
s
.
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
in
cr
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
ten
n
a
at
T
x
-
R
x
s
id
e;
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
g
o
es
o
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
f
ad
i
n
g
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
S
NR
in
cr
ea
s
es
b
y
th
i
s
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
MI
MO
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
f
ad
in
g
b
u
t
s
till
i
n
ter
s
y
m
b
o
l
i
n
t
er
f
er
en
ce
&
co
-
c
h
an
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
is
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
is
s
u
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
T
an
v
ir
A
,
Md
.
A
l
i
a
n
d
S
h
aik
h
E
U
i
n
[
2
3
]
h
a
v
e
co
m
p
ar
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
d
etec
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ed
m
u
lti
u
s
e
r
MI
MO
-
OFDM
w
it
h
2
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
te
n
n
as
an
d
2
r
ec
eiv
in
g
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
.
W
ith
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
au
th
o
r
s
g
o
t
P
r
e
MM
SE
g
i
v
es
le
s
s
B
E
R
f
o
r
2
×2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
b
u
t
s
till
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
f
ad
in
g
is
p
r
ese
n
t
b
ec
au
s
e
d
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
r
d
er
is
less
.
A
B
o
u
d
aa
,
M
B
o
u
zian
i
h
as
s
aid
in
[
2
4
]
th
at
b
ef
o
r
e
SF
B
C
en
co
d
in
g
,
d
esi
g
n
ed
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
eig
en
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
w
i
th
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
m
u
l
tip
lex
i
n
g
af
ter
t
h
at
th
e
d
ata
s
en
d
o
n
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
w
i
th
k
n
o
w
n
C
SI
u
s
i
n
g
Z
er
o
Fo
r
cin
g
(
Z
F)
m
et
h
o
d
.
Z
er
o
f
o
r
cin
g
s
ch
e
m
e
g
i
v
es
g
o
o
d
r
esu
lt
s
w
h
e
n
ch
a
n
n
el
is
n
o
is
el
ess
b
u
t
w
h
e
n
ch
a
n
n
e
l is n
o
i
s
y
it a
m
p
li
f
y
t
h
e
n
o
is
e.
I
n
[
2
5
]
,
S
K
B
o
r
r
a
h
as
co
m
p
a
r
ed
p
er
f
o
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16
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lt
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i
n
cr
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al
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y
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u
t
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m
a
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aj
an
d
Vid
h
y
ac
h
ar
a
n
B
h
a
s
k
ar
[
2
6
]
h
as
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
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al
y
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ased
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OSFB
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e.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
li
n
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r
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
[
2
7
]
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
s
u
cc
e
s
s
i
v
e
MM
SE
p
r
ef
ilter
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n
g
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
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ce
th
e
p
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f
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r
m
an
ce
lo
s
s
d
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th
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ze
r
o
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UI
co
n
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tr
ain
t
an
d
th
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ce
llatio
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ter
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at
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R
a
m
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d
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[
2
8
]
,
an
al
y
ze
d
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
B
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o
f
d
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t
m
u
ltip
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atellite
s
ce
n
ar
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s
u
s
i
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d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
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els.
T
h
e
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eser
ac
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in
v
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s
ti
g
ated
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c
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r
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B
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p
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Octo
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1
7
:
24
59
–
24
67
2464
Mu
ltip
le
I
n
p
u
t
Mu
ltip
le
Ou
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
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s
atellite
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s
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n
a
s
.
Fu
r
t
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er
C
.
Ma
n
ik
a
n
d
an
[
2
9
]
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ates
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t o
f
m
a
n
y
an
ten
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en
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er
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tr
an
s
m
itte
r
a
n
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r
ec
eiv
er
en
d
o
f
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MI
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n
d
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MI
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s
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ased
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in
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m
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ea
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f
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tec
h
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o
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latio
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h
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y
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SK,
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P
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QP
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8
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SK
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d
8
-
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A
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t
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y
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ter
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id
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×3
s
y
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T
h
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p
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also
s
ta
tes
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h
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w
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h
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r
ea
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e
in
B
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an
d
th
u
s
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s
e
in
r
eliab
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.
W
it
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a
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n
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l
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r
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as
co
m
p
ar
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to
m
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lt
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b
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m
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er
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is
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m
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v
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h
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h
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aj
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a
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h
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f
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MI
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p
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o
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m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
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io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
30
]
in
a
m
u
lti
u
s
er
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
f
o
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m
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n
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s
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n
b
y
a
d
ata
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at
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r
m
ed
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y
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
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in
p
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t
-
o
u
tp
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ata
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th
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s
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ter
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l a
n
d
co
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
I
n
[
32
]
an
al
y
ze
d
in
v
es
tig
a
te
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
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m
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f
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r
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k
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h
a
f
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l
l
MI
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d
esig
n
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t
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e
p
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an
d
A
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W
ith
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o
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n
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s
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v
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SNR
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ased
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tio
n
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to
s
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t
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.
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u
r
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T
h
e
r
esear
ch
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in
[
3
1
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as
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m
p
ar
ed
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e
p
er
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o
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n
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Sp
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r
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n
p
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t
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u
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u
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t
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y
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te
m
a
n
d
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n
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r
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itted
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tr
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8
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o
f
a
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s
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m
.
T
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m
e
th
e
m
u
lt
iu
s
er
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
p
r
o
b
le
m
Y
u
a
n
O
[
3
3
]
an
d
h
is
tea
m
p
r
o
p
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s
e
an
an
al
y
tica
l
m
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ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
y
h
av
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
th
e
m
u
lti
u
s
er
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
b
u
t th
e
i
g
n
o
r
ed
th
e
i
n
ter
b
an
d
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
an
d
as
s
u
m
ed
s
tatic
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
ter
v
a
l.
I
n
[
3
4
]
,
au
th
o
r
s
i
n
v
e
s
tig
a
ted
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ce
o
f
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
m
u
lti
u
s
er
MI
M
O
-
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
d
ete
cto
r
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
Z
F
a
n
d
SIC
d
et
ec
to
r
s
,
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
a
n
d
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
ex
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
s
ea
r
c
h
a
n
d
L
ag
r
an
g
e
m
u
l
tip
lier
m
eth
o
d
a
n
d
to
m
in
i
m
ize
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
S
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
allo
ca
ted
to
u
s
er
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
is
id
en
tical
o
v
er
all
an
te
n
n
as
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
ac
h
ie
v
es
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
v
er
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
ete
cto
r
.
I
n
[
3
5
]
,
J
i
n
g
M,
C
C
h
en
,
L
B
ai,
H
Xia
n
g
,
a
n
d
J
in
h
o
C
h
o
i
s
tated
t
h
at
o
p
ti
m
a
l
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
h
a
v
e
a
p
r
o
h
ib
iti
v
e
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
,
s
o
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
lo
w
-
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
t
h
at
s
e
p
ar
ately
al
lo
ca
te
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
an
d
p
o
w
er
.
A
ls
o
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
e
w
d
etec
to
r
s
,
ML
,
lin
ea
r
an
d
SI
C
,
an
d
d
er
iv
ed
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
t
h
at
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
s
ea
r
c
h
a
n
d
n
u
m
er
i
ca
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
ca
n
b
e
clo
s
e
to
th
at
w
it
h
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
o
p
ti
m
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
[
3
6
]
s
tates
th
e
in
v
esti
g
a
tio
n
ab
o
u
t
MI
MO
-
O
FD
M
f
o
r
VL
C
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
ic
h
a
s
s
u
m
e
s
t
h
e
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
o
f
ch
a
n
n
e
l
m
atr
ice
s
i
n
th
e
FD
i
n
d
u
c
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
d
i
f
f
er
en
c
es
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
le
tr
an
s
m
itter
-
r
ec
eiv
er
l
in
k
s
.
D
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
s
tate
-
of
-
t
h
e
-
ar
t
M
U
-
MI
MO
V
L
C
s
ch
e
m
es
,
ze
r
o
f
o
r
cin
g
an
d
M
MSE
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
ch
a
n
n
el
m
atr
ices
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
le
s
s
co
r
r
elate
d
w
h
en
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
I
t
is
also
s
tated
th
at
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
w
it
h
h
ig
h
er
in
d
e
x
ac
h
iev
e
s
m
o
r
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
.
MM
SE
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
at
w
i
th
ze
r
o
f
o
r
cin
g
w
h
en
t
h
e
o
p
tical
p
o
w
er
is
lo
w
a
n
d
w
h
e
n
m
o
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
ai
n
i
s
ac
h
iev
ed
w
h
e
n
th
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
c
lo
s
er
.
I
n
[
3
7
]
,
MU
-
MI
MO
-
O
F
DM
is
s
t
u
d
ied
f
o
r
i
n
d
o
o
r
VL
C
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
ese
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ato
r
s
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
o
f
th
e
m
u
l
ti
p
le
tr
an
s
m
itter
r
ec
eiv
er
l
in
k
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
e
s
p
h
a
s
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
i
n
t
h
e
FD.
T
h
e
ze
r
o
f
o
r
cin
g
a
n
d
MM
SE
p
r
ec
o
d
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
ch
a
n
n
e
l
m
atr
ices
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
less
co
r
r
elate
d
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
p
ap
e
r
also
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
t
w
o
DC
b
ias
an
d
s
ca
li
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ce
n
er
ies.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
er
i
n
d
ex
ac
h
iev
e
s
m
o
r
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
e
f
f
i
cien
c
y
,
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
.
MM
SE
is
f
ea
s
ib
le
f
o
r
ze
r
o
f
o
r
cin
g
w
h
en
t
h
e
o
p
tical
p
o
w
er
is
lo
w
an
d
m
o
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
ai
n
is
ac
h
iev
ed
w
h
en
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
cl
o
s
er
.
I
n
[
3
8
]
,
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
u
ll
s
p
ac
e
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
B
D
tech
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
SIC
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
a
m
u
l
tiu
s
er
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
u
p
li
n
k
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
ar
ed
b
y
m
u
ltip
le
u
s
er
s
n
a
m
ed
lo
w
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
m
u
lti
u
s
er
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MU MI
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d
th
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d
i
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en
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n
o
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th
e
SVD
m
a
tr
ix
w
er
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
g
r
ea
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b
y
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r
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i
v
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m
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i
n
t
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f
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ased
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n
th
e
n
u
lls
p
ac
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
th
eo
r
e
m
.
I
n
[
3
9
]
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
C
FO
esti
m
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
a
n
d
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
MI
MO
-
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
s
co
m
m
u
n
icati
n
g
o
v
er
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
elec
tiv
e
w
ir
eles
s
ch
a
n
n
el
h
as
b
ee
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ME
P
cr
iter
io
n
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
p
o
s
es
th
e
C
FO
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
as
a
d
etec
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
w
h
ic
h
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
d
is
cr
etizin
g
t
h
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co
n
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FO
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CO
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As
d
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u
s
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ed
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esear
c
h
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ap
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t
h
at
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
u
s
e
d
d
if
f
er
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n
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
an
a
l
y
zin
g
p
er
f
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m
a
n
ce
o
f
SU
a
n
d
MU
MI
MO
s
y
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m
w
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ic
h
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
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ed
u
ce
t
h
e
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
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d
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ea
s
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th
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u
alit
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.
As
m
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n
d
d
e
m
er
it
s
.
No
w
a
d
a
y
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
ata
r
ate
is
h
ig
h
a
n
d
also
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
ig
n
al
q
u
alit
y
b
y
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
f
ad
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
t
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
is
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
d
ata
r
ate
w
h
er
e
f
ad
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n
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ar
e
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
T
o
r
em
o
v
e
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
t
h
e
OF
DM
is
u
s
ed
.
He
n
ce
to
r
eso
lv
e
s
u
c
h
is
s
u
es
i
n
w
ir
e
les
s
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
w
h
er
e
h
i
g
h
d
ata
r
ate
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
w
e
n
ee
d
to
co
n
ca
ten
ate
b
o
th
MI
MO
an
d
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
MI
MO
-
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
in
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
d
ata
r
ate
b
u
t
also
o
v
er
co
m
e
s
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
f
ad
i
n
g
i
n
w
ir
el
ess
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
I
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
a
n
k
P
r
o
f
.
(
Dr
.
)
J
.
S.C
h
ito
d
e
f
o
r
v
alu
ab
le
g
u
i
d
an
ce
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
I
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
a
s
w
el
l
as
p
u
b
lis
h
er
s
f
o
r
m
a
k
in
g
th
e
ir
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
v
ailab
le.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
I
ap
p
r
ec
iativ
e
to
co
m
m
e
n
tato
r
f
o
r
th
eir
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
u
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
I
a
m
also
t
h
a
n
k
f
u
l
to
r
ev
ie
w
er
f
o
r
t
h
eir
v
alu
ab
le
s
u
g
g
e
s
tio
n
s
a
n
d
als
o
th
a
n
k
t
h
e
co
lle
g
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
ities
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Nar
en
d
r
a
M
R
,
“
St
u
d
y
o
f
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
MI
MO
S
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
Dif
f
er
en
t
Mo
d
u
latio
n
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
es.”
,
I
n
ter
n
at
io
n
al
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
ati
v
e
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
E
x
p
lo
r
in
g
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
(
I
J
I
T
E
E
)
I
SS
N:
2
2
7
8
-
3
0
7
5
,
Vo
lu
m
e
-
3
,
I
s
s
u
e
-
1
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
Ko
m
i
E
.
Da
w
u
i,
Dir
k
T
.
M.
Slo
ck
,
“
M
u
lti
u
s
er
-
MI
MO
D
o
w
n
li
n
k
T
x
-
R
x
De
s
ig
n
B
ase
d
On
SV
D
C
h
a
n
n
el
Dia
g
o
n
al
izatio
n
a
n
d
Mu
l
tiu
s
er
Di
v
er
s
it
y
”,
P
u
b
li
s
h
ed
i
n
2
0
1
4
b
y
E
u
r
ec
o
m
I
n
s
t
itu
te
2
2
2
9
r
o
u
te
d
es C
r
ˆ
etes,
B
.
P
.
1
9
3
,
0
6
9
0
4
So
p
h
ia
A
n
tip
o
lis
C
ed
ex
,
F
r
an
ce
.
[3
]
Mo
h
a
m
m
ad
T
o
r
ab
i,
Dav
id
Hac
co
u
n
a
n
d
W
ess
a
m
A
j
ib
,
De
p
ar
tm
e
n
t
o
f
E
lec
tr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
´
E
co
leP
o
ly
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
e
Mo
n
t
r
´
ea
l,
Mo
n
tr
´
ea
l,
Q
C
,
C
an
ad
a,
“
M
u
lti
u
s
er
Sc
h
ed
u
li
n
g
o
v
er
MI
MO
Nak
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
Fad
i
n
g
C
h
a
n
n
el
s
:
C
ap
ac
it
y
a
n
d
B
E
R
P
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
”,
P
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
I
E
E
E
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
(
2
0
0
9
)
.
[4
]
Gu
r
p
r
ee
t
Si
n
g
h
,
P
r
i
y
a
n
k
aM
is
h
r
a,
R
a
h
u
lVij
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
E
lec
tr
o
n
ics
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
S
h
a
h
ee
d
B
h
ag
a
t
Sin
g
h
State
T
ec
h
n
ical
C
a
m
p
u
s
,
Fer
o
zp
u
r
,
P
u
n
j
ab
,
Un
ited
Gr
o
u
p
o
f
I
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
,
A
lla
h
ab
ad
,
L
R
o
f
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
So
lan
,
“
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
a
lu
ati
o
n
o
f
M
L
-
VB
L
A
ST
MI
MO
d
ec
o
d
e
r
u
s
in
g
d
i
f
f
er
n
t
an
te
n
n
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
R
icea
n
an
d
R
a
y
lei
g
h
ch
a
n
n
el”,
2
0
1
3
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
C
o
n
f
er
en
ce
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
S
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
Net
w
o
r
k
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
[5
]
Mic
ae
la
L
ac
y
,
E
r
w
an
Xiao
,
“A
B
r
ief
S
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
V
-
B
last
Mi
m
o
-
O
f
d
m
S
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
Z
F
a
n
d
MM
SE
tech
n
iq
u
es”,
I
n
ter
n
a
tio
n
al
J
o
u
r
n
al
O
f
Scie
n
ti
f
ic
P
r
o
g
r
es
s
An
d
R
esear
ch
(
I
J
SP
R
)
I
SS
N:
2
3
4
9
–
4
6
8
9
Vo
lu
m
e
-
0
6
,
Nu
m
b
er
-
0
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
Mic
ae
la
L
ac
y
,
E
r
w
an
Xiao
,
“Res
o
u
r
ce
Allo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
W
ir
eless
M
u
ltica
s
t
MI
MO
-
OF
DM
S
y
s
te
m
s
Usi
n
g
W
ater
F
illi
n
g
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
”,
P
u
b
lis
h
ed
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
ar
tic
l
e
in
I
J
E
SC
Dec
e
m
b
er
2
0
1
4
I
s
s
u
e,
DOI
1
0
.
4
0
1
0
/2
0
1
4
.
2
8
8
I
SS
N
-
2321
-
3
3
6
1
© 2
0
1
4
I
J
E
SC
.
[7
]
Du
s
h
y
an
t
h
a
A
.
B
asn
a
y
ak
a,
Stu
d
en
t
Me
m
b
er
,
I
E
E
E
,
P
eter
J
.
S
m
it
h
,
Sen
io
r
Me
m
b
er
,
I
E
E
E
,
an
d
P
h
illi
p
a
A
.
Ma
r
ti
n
,
Sen
io
r
Me
m
b
er
,
I
E
E
E
,
“
P
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
A
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
Ma
cr
o
d
iv
er
s
it
y
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
i
th
MM
SE
an
d
Z
F
r
ec
eiv
er
s
i
n
Flat
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
”,
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
O
n
W
ir
eless
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
V
o
l.
1
2
,
N
o
.
5
,
Ma
y
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
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J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
24
59
–
24
67
2466
[8
]
Min
c
h
ae
J
u
n
g
,
Yo
u
n
s
u
n
Ki
m
,
J
u
h
o
L
ee
,
an
d
So
o
y
o
n
g
C
h
o
i,
“
Op
ti
m
al
N
u
m
b
er
o
f
U
s
er
s
i
n
Z
er
o
-
Fo
r
cin
g
B
ased
M
u
lti
u
s
er
MI
MO
S
y
s
te
m
s
w
i
th
L
ar
g
e
N
u
m
b
er
o
f
An
ten
n
as”,
P
u
b
li
s
h
ed
in
J
o
u
r
n
al
Of
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
An
d
Net
w
o
r
k
s
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
Si
y
u
e
S
u
n
,
St
u
d
en
t
Me
m
b
er
,
I
E
E
E
,
C
h
ih
-
W
ei
C
h
e
n
,
S
h
i
n
-
W
ei
C
h
u
,
H
s
iao
-
H
w
a
C
h
e
n
,
Fello
w
,
I
E
E
E
,
an
d
W
eix
iao
Me
n
g
,
Sen
io
r
Me
m
b
er
,
I
E
E
E
)
,
“M
u
lti
u
s
er
-
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
-
Fre
e
Sp
ace
–
T
im
e
Sp
r
ea
d
in
g
MI
MO
S
y
s
te
m
s
B
a
s
ed
o
n
T
h
r
ee
-
Di
m
en
s
io
n
al
C
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
C
o
d
es”,
I
E
E
E
S
YST
E
MS
J
OURN
AL
,
VO
L
.
9
,
NO.
1
,
MA
R
C
H
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
Yi
Ho
n
g
,
E
m
an
u
eleV
iter
b
o
,
P
o
litecn
ico
d
i
T
o
r
in
o
,
J
ea
n
-
C
lau
d
e
B
el
f
io
r
eE
NST
,
“A
S
p
ac
e
-
T
im
e
B
lo
ck
C
o
d
ed
Mu
l
tiu
s
er
MI
M
O
Do
w
n
l
in
k
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
S
ch
e
m
e”
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
I
SIT
2
0
0
6
,
Seattle.
[1
1
]
D
As
h
u
T
u
li,
Nar
e
n
d
er
Ku
m
a
r
,
Kan
ch
a
n
S
h
ar
m
a,
G
GSI
P
U,
Ne
w
Delh
i,
I
n
d
ia,
“
I
m
a
g
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
M
-
Q
A
M
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
o
v
er
co
m
p
o
s
i
te
f
ad
i
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l”,
(
I
OSR
-
J
E
C
E
)
e
-
I
SS
N:
2
2
7
8
-
2
8
3
4
,
p
-
I
SS
N:
2
2
7
8
-
8
7
3
5
.
V
o
lu
m
e
9
,
I
s
s
u
e
5
,
Ver
.
1
(
Sep
-
Oct.
2
0
1
4
)
,
P
P
6
9
-
77.
[1
2
]
I
s
iak
a
A
j
e
w
a
le
A
li
m
i,
Ka
y
o
d
e
Fra
n
cis
Ak
i
n
g
b
ad
e,
J
id
e
J
u
liu
s
P
o
p
o
o
la,
Mic
h
ae
l
O.
Ko
law
o
le,
“
An
H
y
b
r
id
C
o
d
in
g
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
E
f
f
ic
ien
t
B
a
n
d
w
id
th
U
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ag
e
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n
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o
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m
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h
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E
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8
0
2
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1
1
W
L
AN
Stan
d
ar
d
”,
P
u
b
lis
h
ed
i
n
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
5
9
3
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0
2
b
y
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
.
[1
3
]
W
ei
Ni,
Me
m
b
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.
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