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ig
n
i
n
[
1
9
]
u
s
ed
D
C
(
B
L
D
C
)
m
o
to
r
f
o
r
w
ater
p
u
m
p
b
y
r
el
y
i
n
g
o
n
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
b
esid
es
b
atter
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
f
o
r
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
w
ater
d
eli
v
er
y
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
t
h
e
cli
m
ate
co
n
d
itio
n
.
An
o
th
er
d
esi
g
n
i
n
[
2
0
]
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e/
s
o
lar
P
V
w
ater
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
A
w
i
n
d
-
s
o
lar
P
V
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
h
ad
b
atter
y
b
ac
k
u
p
to
b
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
w
ater
p
u
m
p
in
g
i
n
r
e
m
o
te
ar
ea
s
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
P
V/FC
p
o
w
er
ass
is
ted
w
ater
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
y
u
s
ed
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
a
s
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
w
h
ile
t
h
e
P
E
MFC
w
as
u
s
ed
as
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
p
o
w
er
b
ac
k
u
p
s
o
u
r
ce
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
in
u
n
f
a
v
o
r
ab
le
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
w
ater
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
te
g
r
ated
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
3
].
A
h
y
b
r
id
win
d
/P
V
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
w
ater
p
u
m
p
in
g
w
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
an
al
y
ze
d
b
ased
o
n
a
v
ailab
le
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
r
ec
o
r
d
s
an
d
an
n
u
a
l
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
in
I
r
aq
as a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
h
y
b
r
id
w
i
n
d
/P
V
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
als
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
s
o
lar
/
w
i
n
d
/
di
esel
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e:
s
i
m
u
latin
g
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ich
co
m
b
in
e
s
s
o
lar
p
an
els
w
i
th
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
s
,
an
d
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
,
an
al
y
z
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
(
d
if
f
er
en
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
h
u
m
id
it
y
)
,
an
d
v
er
if
y
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
w
ater
to
f
ar
a
n
d
i
s
o
lated
ar
ea
s
in
Du
b
ai
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
r
ar
e
an
d
li
m
ited
r
ai
n
y
d
a
y
s
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
w
ater
in
t
h
ese
d
e
s
er
t
ar
ea
s
u
r
g
e
s
u
til
izatio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
w
ater
p
u
m
p
in
g
w
it
h
h
ig
h
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
a
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
el
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
r
esis
to
r
s
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
a
d
io
d
e
an
d
a
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
.
A
t
y
p
i
ca
l
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
el
s
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
tai
n
s
D
C
ch
o
p
p
er
s
y
s
te
m
,
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
l
ato
r
s
y
s
te
m
,
an
d
D
C
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
b
esid
es th
e
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
els
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
So
lar
P
V
ce
ll
eq
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
cu
it
T
h
e
ter
m
i
n
al
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
c
u
r
r
en
t
eq
u
atio
n
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
(
1
)
:
=
ℎ
−
[
(
+
)
−
1
]
−
+
ℎ
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
=
[
]
3
[
(
1
−
1
)
]
ℎ
=
[
+
(
−
)
]
1000
=
ℎ
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
2
0
6
2
-
2067
2064
So
lar
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
s
m
a
n
y
s
er
ies
s
tr
in
g
s
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
les
th
at
ar
e
lin
k
ed
in
p
ar
allel.
T
h
is
as
s
u
r
e
s
o
b
tain
in
g
t
h
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
to
t
h
e
DC
m
o
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
p
u
m
p
.
T
h
is
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
P
VG
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ated
b
y
(
2
)
:
=
ℎ
−
[
(
+
)
−
1
]
−
+
ℎ
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
=
(
⁄
)
,
ℎ
=
ℎ
(
⁄
)
ℎ
=
ℎ
,
=
=
A
D
C
/D
C
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
ed
to
alter
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
els
b
y
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
I
n
th
at
b
lo
ck
,
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
li
m
it
t
h
e
r
ip
p
le
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
as i
n
:
=
−
(
3
)
=
(
1
−
)
−
(
4
)
=
−
(
1
−
)
(
5
)
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
s
ee
in
A
p
p
en
d
ix
)
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
ta
in
s
MP
P
T
s
y
s
te
m
to
ch
ar
g
e
t
h
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
b
y
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
,
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
b
lo
ck
s
t
h
at
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e
an
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
co
n
d
en
s
er
,
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
th
at
i
s
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
d
iese
l
en
g
i
n
e
g
o
v
er
n
o
r
an
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e,
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
to
alter
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
A
C
v
o
lta
g
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
w
i
n
d
a
n
d
d
iesel
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
AC
v
o
lta
g
es
th
a
t
r
es
u
lt
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
iesel
an
d
w
i
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
DC
,
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
to
s
tab
ilize
th
e
D
C
v
o
ltag
e
t
h
at
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
els
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
r
a
n
g
e
th
at
is
clo
s
e
to
1
2
V
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
u
it
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
DC
m
o
to
r
t
h
at
i
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
u
m
p
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
w
er
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
lo
ck
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
av
er
ag
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
in
C
e
ls
i
u
s
,
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
in
m
/s
,
an
d
h
u
m
id
it
y
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
i
n
Du
b
ai
o
v
er
a
ti
m
e
s
p
an
o
f
1
0
y
ea
r
s
s
t
ar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
9
till
2
0
1
9
as
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fig
u
r
es 3
an
d
4
.
C
ir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
s
w
itc
h
b
et
w
ee
n
s
o
lar
,
w
in
d
,
an
d
d
iesel
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
ased
o
n
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
v
al
u
es
wh
er
e
t
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
w
er
e
3
.
5
m
/s
an
d
7
0
%
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
,
w
in
d
,
an
d
di
esel
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
es
5
-
7
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
r
es
u
lta
n
t
DC
v
o
lta
g
es
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
8
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
in
k
W
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
a
n
els.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
t
h
e
p
u
m
p
w
h
ich
w
as
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
s
ta
b
le
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
t
h
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
ch
an
g
es o
v
er
ti
m
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
h
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I
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I
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t J
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p
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SS
N:
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Hyb
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2067
RE
F
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R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
D.
M
e
z
g
h
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
H.
Oth
m
a
n
i
,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
c
a
lar
Co
n
tro
l
w
it
h
F
P
G
A
De
v
i
c
e
f
o
r
P
u
m
p
in
g
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
Au
to
ma
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
9
-
4
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
S
h
a
rm
a
,
Utk
a
r
sh
,
Bh
im
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
S
h
a
il
e
n
d
ra
Ku
m
a
r,
“
In
telli
g
e
n
t
G
rid
In
terf
a
c
e
d
S
o
lar
W
a
ter
P
u
m
p
in
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IET
Ren
e
wa
b
le P
o
we
r Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
1
4
-
6
2
4
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/i
e
t
-
rp
g
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
5
9
7
.
[3
]
S.
Ja
in
,
a
n
d
V
.
S
o
m
a
se
k
h
a
r,
“
A
n
In
teg
ra
ted
Co
n
tro
l
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
a
S
in
g
le
S
tag
e
P
V
P
u
m
p
in
g
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
a
n
Op
e
n
En
d
W
in
d
in
g
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
5
6
–
9
6
5
,
2
0
1
5
,
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o
i:
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0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
IE.
2
0
1
5
.
2
4
8
0
7
6
5
.
[4
]
A
ll
a
h
v
ird
iza
d
e
h
,
Yo
u
se
f
,
M
u
sta
fa
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
ian
,
a
n
d
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
-
Re
z
a
H
a
g
h
iF
a
m
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
En
e
r
y
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
trate
g
ies
f
o
r
a
S
tan
d
a
lo
n
e
P
V
/W
T
/F
C
H
y
b
rid
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
S
y
ste
m
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ren
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
7
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
3
-
1
4
7
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
M
a
rw
a
G
ra
m
i
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
Disp
a
tch
S
trate
g
y
f
o
r
In
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
M
icro
g
rid
s
Ba
se
d
Hy
b
rid
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
3
8
-
8
5
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
V
.
S
a
las
,
e
t
a
l.
, “
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
ies
f
o
r
so
lar reg
u
lato
rs
,”
IEE
E
In
t
.
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
.
IS
IE
,
v
ol
.
3
,
2
0
0
2
.
[7
]
P.
Ra
th
o
re
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
lar
P
o
w
e
r
Util
it
y
S
e
c
to
r
in
In
d
i
a
:
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
Op
p
o
rt
u
n
i
ti
e
s,”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
8
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
0
3
-
2
7
1
3
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
rse
r.
2
0
1
7
.
0
6
.
0
7
7
.
[8
]
M.
Ha
y
a
t,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
lar
En
e
rg
y
-
A
L
o
o
k
in
to
P
o
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
A
n
d
A
S
o
lar‐P
o
w
e
r
e
d
F
u
tu
re
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
e
rg
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
9
-
1
0
6
7
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/er.4
2
5
2
.
[9
]
A
.
A
l
-
D
o
u
sa
ri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
lar
a
n
d
W
in
d
En
e
rg
y
:
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
in
De
se
rt
Re
g
io
n
s,”
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
7
6
,
pp.
1
8
4
-
194
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
3
.
1
8
0
.
[1
0
]
J.
Li
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
a
c
h
in
e
L
e
a
rn
in
g
f
o
r
S
o
lar
Irra
d
ia
n
c
e
F
o
r
e
c
a
stin
g
o
f
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
9
0
,
pp.
5
4
2
-
5
5
3
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
re
n
e
n
e
.
2
0
1
5
.
1
2
.
0
6
9
.
[1
1
]
D.
V
e
rm
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
(M
P
P
T
)
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s:
re
c
a
p
it
u
latio
n
i
n
so
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
s,”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l
5
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
8
-
1
0
3
4
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
rse
r.
2
0
1
5
.
1
0
.
0
6
8
.
[1
2
]
T
.
M
a
,
a
n
d
T
.
S
h
r,
“
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
Ha
rd
w
a
r
e
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
V
e
rsa
ti
le
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
P
o
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
n
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
2
0
1
3
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Rev
iew o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IRE
E),
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
7
-
2
1
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
M.
F
a
rh
a
t,
Os
c
a
rBa
ra
m
b
o
n
e
s
,
a
n
d
L
a
ss
a
a
d
S
b
it
a
.,
“
A
Ne
w
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
M
e
th
o
d
Ba
se
d
o
n
a
S
li
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
S
o
lar
En
e
rg
y
H
a
rv
e
stin
g
,”
Ap
p
li
e
d
e
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
8
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
5
-
1
1
9
8
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
a
p
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
3
.
0
5
5
.
[1
4
]
K.
S
h
a
h
,
V
ij
a
y
a
k
u
m
a
r
Krish
n
a
sa
m
y
,
S
a
t
y
a
n
a
r
a
y
a
n
a
N
e
e
li
,
“
S
li
d
in
g
M
o
d
e
A
ss
isted
M
P
P
T
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
si
n
g
Qu
a
d
ra
ti
c
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
S
o
lar
P
V
Ba
se
d
DC
W
a
ter
P
u
m
p
in
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
telli
g
e
n
t
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
Co
n
t
ro
l
(
I2
C2
)
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/I
2
C2
.
2
0
1
7
.
8
3
2
1
9
6
1
.
[1
5
]
A
.
L
o
u
k
riz,
M
o
u
ra
d
Ha
d
d
a
d
i,
a
n
d
S
a
b
ir
M
e
ss
a
lt
i
,
“
S
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
Ex
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Ne
w
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
V
a
riab
le
S
tep
S
ize
In
c
re
m
e
n
tal
Co
n
d
u
c
ta
n
c
e
M
P
P
T
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
P
V
S
y
ste
m
s,”
IS
A
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
p
p
.
30
-
38
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
is
a
tra.2
0
1
5
.
0
8
.
0
0
6
.
[1
6
]
S
.
T
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
M
P
P
T
M
e
th
o
d
Co
m
b
in
i
n
g
F
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
-
Or
d
e
r
a
n
d
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
Co
n
t
r
o
l,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ics
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
4
0
-
6
5
0
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/J
P
HO
T
OV
.
2
0
1
7
.
2
6
4
9
6
0
0
.
[1
7
]
A.
M
e
h
iri
,
M
a
a
m
a
r
Be
tt
a
y
e
b
,
A
b
d
u
l
-
Ka
d
ir
Ha
m
id
,
“
F
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
No
n
li
n
e
a
r
S
y
n
e
rg
e
ti
c
Co
n
tro
l
b
a
s
e
d
M
P
P
T
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
P
V
S
y
ste
m
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
AS
ET
)
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
s,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ICA
S
ET
.
2
0
1
9
.
8
7
1
4
5
2
7
.
[1
8
]
M
.
Ya
h
ia
,
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
S
é
l
m
e
n
e
Be
n
Ya
h
ia,
Ha
te
m
A
ll
a
g
u
i,
A
r
a
fe
t
Bo
u
a
ich
a
,
A
b
d
e
lk
a
d
e
r
M
a
m
i
.,
“
F
u
e
l
Ce
ll
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
M
o
d
e
l
P
a
ra
m
e
ters
O
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
a
G
e
n
e
ti
c
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
4
-
1
9
3
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jec
e
.
v
7
i1
.
p
p
1
9
6
-
2
0
5
.
[1
9
]
R
.
Ku
m
a
r,
a
n
d
B.
S
in
g
h
,
“
S
o
lar
P
V
-
b
a
tt
e
ry
b
a
se
d
H
y
b
rid
W
a
ter P
u
m
p
in
g
S
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
B
L
DC M
o
to
r
Driv
e
,
”
IEE
E
1
st
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
In
telli
g
e
n
t
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
(
ICP
EICE
S
),
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/IC
P
EICE
S
.
2
0
1
6
.
7
8
5
3
6
6
2
.
[2
0
]
B.
V
ick
,
a
n
d
B
.
Ne
a
l,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
O
ff
-
g
rid
H
y
b
rid
W
in
d
T
u
rb
in
e
/S
o
lar
P
V
W
a
ter
P
u
m
p
in
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
s,”
S
o
la
r
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
8
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
7
-
1
2
0
7
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
so
le
n
e
r.
2
0
1
2
.
0
1
.
0
1
2
.
[2
1
]
S
.
Re
h
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
a
h
in
,
“
A
Wi
n
d
-
S
o
lar
P
V
h
y
b
rid
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
w
it
h
Ba
tt
e
r
y
Ba
c
k
u
p
f
o
r
Wat
e
r
P
u
m
p
in
g
in
Re
m
o
te
L
o
c
a
li
ti
e
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Gr
e
e
n
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
5
-
1
0
8
3
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
5
4
3
5
0
7
5
.
2
0
1
2
.
7
2
9
1
6
9
.
[2
2
]
P.
Ku
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Util
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
En
e
rg
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s
in
Hy
b
rid
P
V
/F
C
P
o
w
e
r
A
ss
isted
Wate
r
P
u
m
p
in
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ta
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
&
Co
m
mu
n
ica
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
5
4
8
-
5
5
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/CICT
.
2
0
1
5
.
8
1
.
[2
3
]
U.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
Bh
i
m
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
S
h
a
il
e
n
d
ra
Ku
m
a
r
.,
“
In
telli
g
e
n
t
G
rid
In
terf
a
c
e
d
S
o
lar
W
a
ter
P
u
m
p
in
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IET
Ren
e
wa
b
le P
o
we
r Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
1
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
1
4
-
6
2
4
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/i
e
t
-
rp
g
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
5
9
7
.
[2
4
]
A
.
J
a
d
a
ll
a
h
,
a
n
d
Z.
A
b
d
u
l
q
a
d
e
r
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
H
y
b
r
id
W
in
d
/
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
P
o
w
e
r
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
Wate
r
P
u
m
p
in
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
5
2
9
5
-
5
3
0
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
S
.
S
h
o
k
rz
a
d
e
h
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Ja
f
a
ri
Jo
z
a
n
i
;
Er
ic
Bib
e
a
u
.,
“
W
in
d
T
u
rb
i
n
e
P
o
w
e
r
Cu
rv
e
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
u
sin
g
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
P
a
ra
m
e
tri
c
a
n
d
No
n
p
a
ra
m
e
tri
c
M
e
th
o
d
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
2
-
1
2
6
9
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
S
T
E.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
4
5
0
5
9
.
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