Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 1
,
Febr
u
a
r
y
201
6,
pp
. 28
3
~
29
1
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
1.8
254
2
83
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
New Algorithm for Fast Processing
RFID System in Container
Termin
al
Ev
iza
l
Abdul
Ka
dir
1, 2
, Siti Mari
yam
S
h
amsuddin
1
, D
e
tri K
a
ry
a
2
,
Sri Listia
Ro
sa
2
1
Big Dat
a
C
e
ntr
e
, Facul
t
y
of
Co
m
puting, Univ
er
siti T
e
knolog
i M
a
lay
s
i
a
, 81310, Johor, Mal
a
y
s
ia
2
Department
of I
n
formatics, Facu
lty
of
Engin
eer
in
g, Universitas Islam
Riau, Pekanb
aru, R
i
au
28282, Indonesia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received J
u
n
2, 2015
Rev
i
sed
O
c
t 25
, 20
15
Accepted Nov 16, 2015
The growth of world economic
and increasing of trading in most of countries
has impact to
th
e number of
con
t
ain
e
rs export an
d import between countr
i
es.
Some of contain
e
r terminal
is ver
y
bus
y
to hand
le high vo
lume o
f
container
movement. Convention
a
l operational proc
edures
have difficulties to handle
containers movement then
make slow and so
me
issu
es in term
inal opera
tio
n
for container
clearance. This p
a
p
e
r disc
us on
pro
posing new algo
rithm to th
e
current con
t
ain
e
r term
inal m
a
na
gem
e
nt s
y
s
t
em
us
ed RF
ID tech
nolog
y
for
fas
t
proces
s
i
ng and clear
ance
.
Contai
ner Ter
m
inal Management Sy
stem
(CTMS) is a sy
s
t
em for port manageme
nt and in
terfa
ce to
the R
F
ID sy
stem
that us
ed to
id
entif
y
cont
aine
r
e-s
e
a
l
,
truck
a
nd driver
iden
ti
t
y
.
Lack
of
communication and
interfacing protocol
mad
e
slow response du
ring requ
est
or reply
of message to the gate
operator. Proposed algorithm with new
procedure of r
e
q
u
es
t to CTM
S
made fas
t
er res
p
o
n
s
e
and avoid in
accur
a
c
y
o
f
detecting
container e-seal. R
e
sults of
implemen
tation n
e
w algo
rithm have
improved to the productivity
an
d efficien
cy
of
container terminal. Testing
and implementation of this proposed sy
stem conducted in a priv
ate container
term
inal
in
Mala
ysia
.
Keyword:
Algo
rith
m
C
ont
ai
ne
r t
e
rm
i
n
al
CTMS
RFID
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Evi
zal
A
b
dul
Kadi
r,
B
i
g Dat
a
C
e
nt
r
e
, Fac
u
l
t
y
of
C
o
m
put
i
n
g
Un
i
v
ersiti Tekn
o
l
o
g
i
Malaysia,
8
131
0, Joh
o
r
,
Malaysia.
Em
a
il: ev
izal
@g
m
a
il.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
C
ont
ai
ne
r t
e
rm
i
n
al
i
s
o
n
e
of t
h
e
po
rt
s u
s
ed
by
f
r
ei
g
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
der
t
o
del
i
v
er
g
o
o
d
s
,
m
o
st
of
su
p
p
l
i
e
rs
u
s
ed
con
t
ain
e
r
to
send
ing
prod
u
c
t to
th
e cu
st
o
m
er. A co
n
t
ai
n
e
r term
in
al n
o
rm
al
ly
to
serv
e in
tern
ation
a
l cargo
an
d
sea freigh
t
is th
e b
u
s
iest term
in
al
for co
nt
ai
ner e
x
p
o
r
t
/
i
m
port
.
N
u
m
b
er of
wo
rl
d t
r
a
d
i
n
g kee
p
s i
n
c
r
easi
n
g
every
y
ear, so
m
e
of cont
ai
n
e
r po
rt
out
o
f
capaci
t
y
t
o
h
a
ndl
e co
nt
ai
ne
r
m
ovem
e
nt
exp
o
r
t
and i
m
p
o
rt
o
r
t
r
anss
hi
pm
ent
s
. Gl
o
b
al
co
nt
a
i
ner t
r
a
d
e i
s
p
r
o
j
ect
ed t
o
g
r
ow
by
5
.
6
%
i
n
2
0
1
5
,
d
r
i
v
e
n
am
ong
ot
he
rs by
im
pro
v
ed
p
r
os
pect
s f
o
r
m
a
i
n
li
ne East
-West
trad
e.
Sh
i
p
p
i
ng
lin
es is carry
esti
m
a
te 5
2
% fro
m
to
tal co
ntain
e
r
i
n
gl
o
b
al
t
r
ade
by
seabo
r
ne a
ccor
d
i
n
g by
U
n
i
t
e
d Nat
i
o
ns C
o
n
f
ere
n
ce o
n
Trade an
d De
vel
o
pm
ent
201
4 dat
a
[1], this becaus
e
of m
o
re goods and
product t
o
be se
nd
s
u
c
h
as fruit, m
e
a
t
, fish,
etc and de
velopm
ent of world
t
r
adi
n
g.
The
us
e of
t
ech
nol
og
y
i
n
co
nt
ai
ner
t
e
rm
i
n
al
operat
i
ons
gi
ves sat
i
s
f
act
i
on t
o
t
h
e c
u
st
om
er or
o
w
ner
o
f
containe
r t
h
at
can
be trace
alm
o
st anywhere
at any tim
e.
Im
pl
em
ent
a
ti
on of I
n
fo
rm
at
ion a
nd C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
o
n Tech
nol
ogy
(
I
C
T
) i
n
t
o
t
h
e co
nt
ai
ner t
e
rm
i
n
al
ope
rat
i
o
n sy
st
em
and R
F
ID t
e
chn
o
l
o
gy
h
a
ve
been
d
o
n
e f
o
r
som
e
of co
nt
a
i
ner
po
rt
s i
n
t
h
e wo
rl
d a
fe
w
y
ears
ago
,
t
h
e
use
of
t
echn
o
l
o
gy
i
n
t
e
rm
i
n
al
operat
i
on
gi
ve
s ef
ficiency and sa
ving ope
r
ati
onal c
o
st. S
o
m
e
issues are
still facin
g
and n
eed
fu
rth
e
r co
n
tinuo
us im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
to
ach
i
ev
e sm
o
o
t
h
o
p
e
ration
a
l syste
m
. To
d
a
y, mo
st of
cont
ai
ne
r
po
rt
s
i
n
t
h
e w
o
rl
d u
s
i
ng
IC
T i
n
op
erat
i
onal
sy
st
e
m
, so
m
e
of po
r
t
s equi
ppe
d wi
t
h
R
F
I
D
t
ech
n
o
l
o
gy
i
n
o
r
der
t
o
ca
pt
u
r
e c
ont
ai
ne
r e-
seal
, acc
or
di
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
w
o
rl
d s
h
i
p
pi
n
g
cou
n
ci
l
t
o
p
2
0
co
nt
ai
ner
p
o
r
t
s
us
i
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
28
3 – 29
1
28
4
RFI
D
techno
log
y
fo
r co
n
t
ainer
tagg
ing [2
]. Link
ag
e
o
f
ea
ch term
inal to ot
hers
container term
inal tha
t
use
sam
e
t
echnol
o
g
y
m
a
ke
m
o
re
effi
ci
ent
an
d f
a
st
i
n
cl
earanc
e
, t
hus al
l
pa
rt
i
e
s are ad
vi
ses
t
o
d
o
st
an
dar
d
i
zat
i
o
n
and
use sam
e
t
echn
o
l
o
gy
i
n
or
der t
o
m
a
t
c
h t
h
e sy
st
em
. I
n
fut
u
re
, the trend is all ICT bases fo
r co
n
t
ainer
t
e
rm
i
n
al
ope
rat
i
on
sy
st
em
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
rt
a
n
d sec
u
re
t
o
ha
ndl
e c
ont
ai
ne
r.
Pre
v
i
o
us
resea
r
ch
w
o
r
k
s
ha
v
e
bee
n
di
scu
s
s
e
d
on
t
h
e
use
o
f
IC
T
an
d
R
F
I
D
t
ech
n
o
l
o
gy
i
n
t
o
c
o
nt
ai
ner
term
inal
m
a
nagem
e
nt sy
stem
fo
r e
ffici
en
t an
d faster op
eratio
n
a
l pro
cedu
r
e also
to im
p
r
ov
e
o
f
produ
ctiv
ity in
t
e
rm
i
n
al
opera
t
i
on. Est
a
bl
i
s
h
m
ent
of C
ont
a
i
ners Term
i
n
al
M
a
nagem
e
nt
Sy
st
em
(TC
M
S) base
d o
n
R
F
ID
t
echn
o
l
o
gy
,
pr
op
ose
d
c
ont
ai
ner m
a
nagem
e
nt
sy
st
em
consi
s
t
s
of t
h
ree
m
a
i
n
aspect
s:
t
r
aci
ng
, sc
hed
u
l
i
n
g
,
al
l
o
cat
i
on,
an
d
di
st
ri
but
i
o
n
d
u
ri
ng
t
r
a
n
sp
o
r
t
a
t
i
on;
R
F
ID
d
a
t
a
base a
n
d
E
l
ect
roni
c
Dat
a
I
n
t
e
rc
han
g
e
(
E
DI
)
.
Resu
lt sh
ows
b
e
ab
le on
real-ti
m
e
man
a
g
e
men
t
in
to
reality b
y
th
e co
n
t
ain
e
rs’ in
fo
rm
atio
n
tran
sm
itt
ed
to
a
pu
bl
i
c
pl
at
f
o
r
m
[3]
.
Im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on
of R
F
ID t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
Jeb
e
l Ali Po
rt Un
ited
Arab
Em
irates (UAE) i
n
o
r
d
e
r to in
crease reliab
ility an
d efficien
cy
o
f
po
rt
op
er
ati
o
n
a
l
as d
i
scu
ssed
o
n
[4
]. Each
o
f
con
t
ain
e
r wh
ere
tag
g
e
d
b
y
RFID tag
th
at can
h
e
lp
in
real
-time id
en
tifi
cat
ion a
nd t
r
ac
ki
n
g
o
f
co
nt
ainers
. The aut
h
ors focuse
d
on
t
a
g
g
i
n
g
of
cont
ai
ne
r
f
o
r t
r
acki
n
g
an
d i
d
ent
i
f
i
cat
i
on
f
o
r
fast
t
o
fi
nd
co
nt
ai
ner
an
d a
v
oi
d
h
u
m
a
n err
o
r
an
d
also sec
u
rity as
pect whe
n
c
ont
ainer
se
n
d
i
n
g
o
u
t
o
f
c
o
nt
ai
ner
po
rt
area
.
Ap
pl
i
cat
i
on o
f
Inf
o
rm
at
i
on Tech
nol
ogy
(I
T) i
n
t
o
the container term
inal as discussed, where cas
e
i
nvest
i
g
at
i
o
n
u
s
ed
per
v
asi
v
e
com
put
i
ng t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gi
es
of
R
F
ID
f
o
r
R
eal
Tim
e
Locat
i
n
g
Sy
st
em
(R
TLS)
a
n
d
al
so m
e
sh net
w
o
r
k
f
o
r c
o
nt
ai
ner t
e
rm
inal efficiency. M
a
in
objective
of
the
re
port i
s
to locate c
o
ntainer
lo
catio
n
b
a
sed
o
n
R
F
ID tag
at
co
n
t
ai
n
e
r
[5
].
In
t
h
is re
p
o
rt [6
] p
r
op
osed
on Co
n
t
ain
e
r Secu
rity In
itiativ
e (CSI)
of t
h
e Electronic Containe
r
Seal (E-Seal
), t
h
e ba
sic t
echnical features
of
active RFID s
y
ste
m
s are des
c
ribe
d
and l
i
n
ke
d t
o
t
h
e p
r
act
i
cal
appl
i
cat
i
ons.
Aut
h
o
r
m
e
nt
i
ons t
h
e ap
pl
i
cabl
e
of t
h
e
use E
-
S
eal
but
ne
ver
m
e
nt
i
o
n
on specific implem
entation
o
n
c
ont
ai
ne
r t
e
r
m
i
n
al
.
In
ot
he
rs
wo
rk
rel
a
t
e
d t
h
e c
o
n
t
ai
ner m
a
nagem
e
nt
sy
st
em
ar
e prese
n
t
e
d, m
o
re
o
v
er
pap
e
r
di
scuss
e
d
o
n
the use of RFID technology in cont
aine
r term
inal for tracking and alloca
t
i
on o
f
co
nt
ai
ner i
n
y
a
r
d
are
a
an
d
also the
used
of RFID tec
h
nology for c
ont
ainer
t
r
aceability [7-9].
Algorithm
a
nd sc
heduling of c
ontainer
planning is dis
c
usse
d and sim
u
la
ti
on of
optim
i
zation container cleara
n
ce
in te
m
porary place or storage in
y
a
rd a
r
ea t
o
ac
hi
eve
fast
er c
o
nt
ai
ner
m
ovem
e
nt
, a
not
her
pa
per al
s
o
di
scu
s
sed
on
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
i
on a
n
d
opt
i
m
izat
i
o
n
of
co
nt
ai
ner
sc
hed
u
l
i
n
g
use
d
Part
i
c
l
e
Swa
r
m
Opt
i
m
i
zat
i
on (
P
S
O
)
i
n
c
o
n
t
ai
ner t
e
rm
i
n
al
[1
0
-
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
use
d
of
RFID tec
h
nology in containe
r terminal
because of a
dva
nta
g
es of that tec
h
nology in
order to ca
pture m
u
ltiple
in
fo
rm
atio
n
in m
a
n
y
o
b
j
ects, h
i
gh
thro
ugh
pu
t of RFID
read
er and
an
ti co
llisio
n
p
r
o
t
oco
l
and
algorith
m
as
di
scuss
e
d
,
em
ergi
ng
of EPC
gl
o
b
al
net
w
or
k
and R
F
I
D
t
echn
o
l
o
gy
f
o
r p
r
i
v
acy
of i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
on and se
nso
r
t
a
g
m
i
ddl
eware
f
o
r
co
nt
ai
ner
m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
i
n
l
o
gi
s
t
i
c
s po
rt
sy
st
em
[14-
1
7
]
.
2.
RFI
D
S
Y
STE
M
I
N
CO
NT
AINE
R TE
R
M
IN
AL
Pro
p
o
se
d i
m
plem
ent
a
t
i
on
of
IC
T sy
st
em
i
n
a co
nt
ai
ne
r t
e
rm
i
n
al
i
s
do
ne
at
a c
ont
ai
ne
r
p
o
rt
,
t
h
e
termin
al serv
ice
m
o
stly fo
r co
n
t
ain
e
r ex
port an
d
im
p
o
r
t
of goods
beca
us
e the term
in
al
is lo
cated
in
co
un
try
border area. Fi
gure
1 shows
picture ta
ken at
containe
r te
rm
inal
gate-in for
receiving
cont
ainer t
o
se
nd t
o
yard
area or
hol
di
n
g
area t
h
en se
nd
t
o
vessel
fo
r e
x
p
o
r
t
.
Gat
e
-i
n
cont
ai
ne
r t
e
rm
inal
has 6 l
a
ne
s and i
m
pl
em
entat
i
o
n
o
f
ICT
system with
R
F
ID tech
no
log
y
i
n
to
p
o
rt
o
p
e
ratio
n
expecte
d
t
o
s
o
lve or
over
c
o
me current iss
u
es t
h
at
currently faci
ng.
The
used
o
f
In
f
o
rm
at
i
on T
echn
o
l
o
gy
(IT
)
i
s
cu
rre
nt
l
y
op
erat
i
n
g
i
n
pl
an
ni
n
g
depa
rt
m
e
nt
f
o
r
cont
ai
ne
r pl
a
n
,
m
a
nagem
e
nt
, and
regi
st
rat
i
on. Sy
st
em
cal
l
e
d C
ont
ai
ne
r Term
i
n
al
Managem
e
nt
Sy
st
em
(C
TM
S) t
o
ser
v
e f
o
r
co
nt
ai
n
e
r pl
a
nni
ng, arrangem
ent, storage i
n
yard ar
ea an
d al
so
pl
a
nni
ng
f
o
r l
o
adi
ng i
n
vessel
i
n
cl
udi
n
g
c
ont
ai
ne
r
re
gi
st
rat
i
o
n
an
d
req
u
est
pi
ck
-u
p f
o
r f
o
r
w
a
r
de
r age
n
t
.
De
vel
opm
ent
an
d e
x
t
e
nsi
o
n
of
cu
rre
nt
IC
T
sy
st
em
t
o
t
e
r
m
i
n
al
gat
e
f
o
r
co
nt
ai
ner
cl
ea
rance
i
s
very
hi
g
h
i
m
pact
i
n
o
p
erat
i
o
nal
s
y
st
em
.
Im
pl
em
ent
a
ti
on o
f
sy
st
em
i
s
t
o
fol
l
o
w st
an
d
a
rdi
zat
i
o
n t
h
at
have
been i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d i
n
ot
her
po
rt
s w
o
rl
dwi
d
e
t
h
en
be a
b
l
e
t
o
ove
rc
om
e and
sol
v
e
som
e
i
ssues i
n
ope
rat
i
o
n s
u
c
h
as:
Reduce
long queue
at gate
-in
or receivi
ng area.
Real tim
e
upda
te of container
info
rm
ation into system
, once
RFID tagg
e
d
at container t
o
enter recei
vi
ng
gat
e
.
Im
prove
efficiency of c
o
ntainer cleara
n
ce a
n
d r
eal tim
e authentication at
receiving gate-in.
R
e
duce
m
a
npo
wer
an
d
o
p
erat
i
on
st
aff
.
Prov
i
d
e real ti
me v
i
sib
ility o
f
con
t
ain
e
r status.
Im
prove
customer service by
fast cleara
n
ce
at receiving.
Im
prove
sec
u
ri
t
y
of c
o
nt
ai
ner
by
usi
n
g e-
seal
.
Scalable to ext
e
nd se
r
v
i
ce
t
o
ot
he
r po
rt
s.
Online
access
of container
st
atus in real time
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
N
e
w
Al
gori
t
h
m
f
o
r F
a
st
P
r
oce
ssi
ng
RF
ID
Sy
st
em i
n
C
o
nt
ai
ner T
e
rmi
nal
(
E
vi
zal
A
b
d
u
l
K
adi
r)
28
5
Fi
gu
re
1.
C
o
nt
ai
ner
gat
e
-i
n at
o
n
e
of
p
o
rt
i
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
Current operati
onal proce
d
ure
in r
eceivi
ng c
ontaine
r at
gat
e
-in ta
ke
m
u
ch tim
e
s because
m
a
ny step
t
h
at
nee
d
t
o
pe
rf
orm
by
t
r
uc
k
dri
v
er a
n
d p
a
ss
t
h
e d
o
c
u
m
e
nt
m
a
nual
l
y
whi
c
h
need t
o
go
t
o
co
nt
ai
ner
rece
i
v
i
n
g
of
fi
ce (
b
o
o
t
h
).
Fi
g
u
re
2 s
h
o
w
s e
x
am
pl
e of
a l
a
ne t
h
at
n
o
r
m
a
ll
y
used by
t
r
uc
k
dri
v
e
r
t
o
pr
ocess c
o
nt
ai
ner i
n
or
der
t
o
pas
s
t
o
y
a
r
d
a
r
ea
o
r
u
n
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
ba
y
.
O
n
ce t
r
uc
k
arri
ve
d
an
d
pa
rki
n
g
o
n
wei
g
ht
b
a
l
a
nce t
h
e
n
t
r
uc
k
dri
v
er
g
o
d
o
w
n
t
o
u
n
l
o
ck
co
nt
ai
ner
as i
n
fi
gu
re
2 s
h
ow
n
i
ndi
cat
e
n
u
m
b
er
1, a
f
t
e
r t
h
at
c
ont
i
n
ue
u
n
l
o
c
k
al
l
t
h
e
cont
ai
ne
r f
r
om
chassi
s t
o
m
a
ke su
re whe
n
cont
ai
ne
r pi
c
k
i
n
g
-
u
p
by
R
u
b
b
er Ti
res G
a
nt
ry
(R
TG) cra
n
e i
s
freely. All th
e p
r
o
cess to
u
n
lo
ck
un
til n
u
m
b
er 6
n
o
rm
a
lly tak
e
av
erag
e 10
0
secon
d
s for b
a
ck
to
b
ack
or
do
u
b
l
e
20 f
o
ot
er cont
ai
ner an
d 8
0
seco
nds f
o
r si
n
g
l
e
cont
a
i
ner ei
t
h
er 2
0
f
oot
e
r
or 4
0
f
o
o
t
er. Next
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
i
s
num
ber 7 t
o
gi
ve g
a
t
e
pass fr
om
for
w
arde
r of
fi
ce t
o
cont
ai
ne
r st
aff t
h
en key
-
i
n
i
n
t
o
sy
st
em
, al
l
t
h
e
in
fo
rm
atio
n
such
as
driv
er n
a
me b
y
sho
w
s Id
en
tity Card
(ID), tru
c
k or
v
e
h
i
cle reg
i
stratio
n nu
m
b
er, tal
l
y all
t
h
e i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on,
wei
g
ht
chec
ki
n
g
co
nfi
r
m
a
ti
on a
nd c
h
ec
k
carg
o
. B
e
si
de t
h
at
an
ot
he
r st
aff
out
si
de t
h
e o
ffi
ce t
o
ch
eck con
t
ain
e
r ph
ysically to
mak
e
sure seal
b
o
lt is in
go
od
cond
itio
n, con
t
ain
e
r
n
e
v
e
r t
a
m
p
ered
or leak
age,
after ev
eryth
i
ng
is
do
n
e
th
en officer will co
nfo
r
m
an
d prin
t a tick
e
t
for in
fo
rm
atio
n
of
u
n
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
area at
Ru
bb
er Tire Gan
t
ry (RTG) cran
e. If an
y
o
n
e
o
f
info
rmatio
n
or ph
ysical co
n
d
ition
o
f
co
n
t
ain
e
r is fail o
r
ove
rweight and also som
e
cases no
pre
-
advise registrati
on b
een
don
e b
y
f
o
rw
ar
d
e
r
th
e
n
the officer i
n
struct
tru
c
k
or carg
o
to
b
e
ho
ld
b
y
rev
e
rse and
p
a
rk
at h
o
l
d
i
ng
area u
n
til ev
eryt
h
i
ng
is m
a
tch
i
n
g
. Av
erag
e com
p
le
te
pr
ocessi
ng t
i
m
e
i
s
3-4 m
i
nut
es, especi
al
l
y
for bac
k
t
o
bac
k
container officer need
to check and key doubl
e
cont
ai
ne
r i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
on i
n
t
o
C
T
M
S
sy
st
em
.
Figure 2.
Proce
d
ure fo
r
receiving c
o
ntainer a
t
gate-in in te
rminal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
28
3 – 29
1
28
6
3.
PROP
OSE
D
NEW RFI
D
ALGORIT
HM
Propo
sed
RFID system
in
co
n
t
ain
e
r term
in
a
l
o
p
e
ra
tio
n u
s
ed
activ
e tag
typ
e
(e-seal)
wh
ich
ab
ility for
metallic and hazard e
nvironment as ty
pical in container term
inal. RFID
active tag is
powe
red by a battery
th
at can
b
e
u
s
ed
as a
p
a
rtial o
r
co
m
p
lete s
o
urce
o
f
p
o
wer fo
r t
h
e tag
'
s circu
itry. So
me activ
e tag
battery
capable for re
placeable of several year
s of use, and som
e
othe
rs are seal
ed unit that difficult to replac
eabl
e
and
prepa
r
e for one
cycle use. A single active RFID
rea
d
er
is ab
le to
read
t
h
e inform
atio
n
an
d
co
llect th
e d
a
ta
fro
m
th
e tag
mo
re t
h
an on
e
hu
ndred
o
f
tag
s
, also
b
e
ab
le t
o
read
t
h
e tag
i
n
sp
eed
up
to
1
0
0
k
ilo
m
e
ters/h
ou
r.
Active tags m
e
m
o
ry ha
ve much la
rge
r
dat
a
stora
g
e
and
transm
it or receive capac
ities, and also a
b
le to
equi
ppe
d
by
ot
hers
se
nso
r
s
u
c
h
as
t
e
m
p
erat
ure,
h
u
m
i
di
ty
, v
i
brat
i
o
n, a
n
d
pr
essur
e
[
1
8]
.
RFID m
i
ddleware as function to serve client
whic
h
is gate checke
r
tablet,
then receive
d inform
ation
from
RFID re
aders a
nd se
nsor to
proce
ss and
verify to CTMS syste
m
.
Initial test
ing
m
i
ddleware received
man
y
in
fo
rm
at
io
n wh
ich tag
s
ID an
d e-seal
ID with c
ont
ai
ner
n
u
m
b
er, t
h
en m
i
ddl
ewar
e
u
n
a
b
l
e
t
o
ve
ri
fy
t
a
gs
ID
b
e
long
to
wh
ich
lan
e
(mu
ltip
le lan
e
s testin
g
)
. Th
us
, so
m
e
ad
j
u
sti
n
g
an
d fin
e
tun
i
ng
RFID
read
er g
i
v
e
s
resul
t
m
i
ddl
ew
are ca
n
be i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
t
a
gs
I
D
com
e
from
w
h
i
c
h
l
a
ne.
Tes
t
i
ng a
n
d t
r
i
a
l
cont
i
n
ue
an
d
anot
he
r
issues is too many unnece
ssary data because reader
keep readi
ng and sendi
ng
data to middleware although
there is
no
ve
hicle or t
r
uc
k
go int
o
c
o
ntaine
r recei
ving
la
ne
(tags
belong people or
ot
hers pas
s
thru the
area).
Th
e so
l
u
tio
ns is b
y
filterin
g
an
d
cleari
n
g
b
u
ffer d
a
ta
o
n
th
e
mid
d
l
eware is
requ
ired
to
avoid
d
u
m
p
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
fo
r
next
t
r
a
n
sact
i
o
n o
f
co
nt
ai
ne
r
cl
earance,
besi
de t
h
at
an al
go
ri
t
h
m
i
s
prop
os
ed t
o
e
nha
nce
m
ent
dat
a
pr
oc
essi
ng
for sm
ooth and fast
processi
ng tim
e.
M
e
ssagi
n
g
st
r
u
ct
u
r
e an
d
fl
o
w
bet
w
ee
n R
F
ID m
i
ddl
ewa
r
e an
d C
T
M
S
i
s
im
pl
em
ent
i
ng i
n
o
r
de
r t
o
achi
e
ve
ef
fect
i
v
e c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on a
n
d fa
st
pr
ocessi
ng
be
cause CTMS
as cent
r
al dat
a
base
for c
ontainer
termin
al also
serv
e in
form
at
i
o
n to
o
t
h
e
r
p
a
rties. RFID m
i
d
d
leware m
e
ssag
i
ng
also
fo
r co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
to
g
a
te
checke
r
, i
n
itial request is from gate
checke
r
accordi
n
g lane num
b
er in
gate-in. All messaging a
r
e
ASCII-
base
d,
wi
t
h
S
T
AR
T a
n
d
E
N
D
del
i
m
i
t
e
rs. The m
i
ddl
e t
o
ken
i
s
p
r
es
um
ed t
o
re
prese
n
t
EM
PTY
o
r
N
U
LL
or
NO
N-
AP
PLIC
AB
LE
fi
el
ds.
Tabl
e
1 s
h
o
w
s
t
oke
n c
ode
an
d
sy
m
bol
fo
r c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on
b
o
t
h
sy
st
em
s.
Tabl
e 1.
R
F
I
D
Sy
st
em
Toke
n
Tok
e
n type
ASCII
Printable
Code
Star
t
T
oken
26
-
>
(
s
ingle char
)
E
nd T
oken
27
<-
(
s
ingle char
)
M
i
ddle T
oken
29
x (
not visible)
Th
e Gate Ch
eck
e
r in
itiates ALL tran
sactio
n
s
with
th
e RFID m
i
d
d
l
eware so
ftware
in
terface. On
ly
fou
r
(4
) m
e
ssag
e
s are app
licab
le to th
e R
F
ID inte
rface
software, these
are m
e
ssages
R01
,
R0
4,
C
K
and
CK
8.
Fi
gu
re
3
sh
o
w
s a
fl
o
w
cha
r
t
o
f
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
al
gori
t
h
m
i
n
R
F
I
D
m
i
ddl
eware
t
o
pr
ocess
dat
a
fr
om
R
F
ID
re
ader
i
n
m
u
l
tip
le lan
e
s
[19
]
.
Al
g
o
ri
t
h
m
sho
w
s R
F
I
D
read
er onl
y
st
art
whe
n
get
i
n
st
r
u
ct
i
on
or com
m
and fr
om
phot
oel
ect
ri
c
sens
or, t
h
en s
e
ns
or act
i
v
at
e
d
i
f
any
t
r
uc
k
i
s
co
m
i
ng (se
n
so
r ad
j
u
st
ed t
o
det
ect
o
n
l
y
t
r
uc
k wi
t
h
hi
g
h
l
e
vel
set
t
i
ng).
O
n
ce
gat
e
c
h
ec
ker
re
quest
i
n
di
cat
ed i
n
w
h
i
c
h
l
a
nes t
h
en
m
i
ddl
ewa
r
e
re
pl
y
t
a
gs
ID
d
r
i
v
er
a
n
d
vehi
cl
e, i
n
t
h
i
s
st
ep
gat
e
c
h
ec
ker
m
a
y
reque
st
i
n
di
ffe
rent
t
i
m
e
t
hus
dot
t
e
d l
i
n
es
o
n
fl
o
w
cha
r
t
i
n
di
cat
ed
gat
e
ch
eck
er req
u
e
st in
d
i
fferen
t
time in
ex
a
m
p
l
e, b
u
t
m
i
d
d
l
eware k
e
ep
d
a
ta in b
u
f
fer u
n
til co
m
p
lete
tran
sactio
n
,
in this step active RFID rea
d
e
r
st
art retrieve
inform
ation for e-seal.
If middlewa
r
e receive
d inform
ation from
RFID
rea
d
er t
h
en
re
ply by acknowledg
m
e
nt that inform
ation is recei
ve
d,
ve
rification of
drive
r
, vehicl
e,
e-
seal and container num
b
er need to
be done on CT
MS syste
m
because
m
i
ddl
eware
does not keep any
d
a
tab
a
se. On
ce in
fo
rm
atio
n
is tally
to
th
e
p
r
e-reg
i
stration
th
at inpu
t by fo
rward
i
n
g
ag
en
t then
m
i
d
d
l
eware
send
m
e
ssag
e
to
g
a
te ch
eck
e
r for
v
a
lid
ation
an
d co
nf
i
r
m
a
t
i
on el
se a
po
p-
u
p
m
e
ssage
sen
d
as “
D
ri
ve
r a
n
d
Truc
k I
D
N
o
t
Fo
un
d”.
If eve
r
y
t
hi
n
g
i
s
fi
ne
i
n
cl
udi
ng c
o
n
t
ai
ner chec
ki
n
g
an
d i
n
s
p
ect
i
on t
h
e
n
g
a
t
e
check
e
r
co
nfirm
a
tio
n
tran
saction
s
and a tick
e
t p
r
in
t o
u
t
fo
r
d
r
i
v
er
di
rect
i
o
n i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
on. Seco
n
d
p
hot
oel
ect
ri
c senso
r
at the back
of l
a
ne is to stop
RFID
readi
ng
and cl
os
e for t
h
is transacti
on
once is activat
ed. T
h
e algorit
h
m
has
m
o
re ad
v
a
n
t
ages co
m
p
are th
an
b
a
sic redu
ndan
c
y filte
rin
g
alg
o
rith
m
in
d
a
ta filterin
g
.
Th
e co
mm
o
n
p
r
oble
m
s
in
th
e RFID syste
m
is so
lv
ed
after t
h
e e-seal d
a
ta
i
s
pr
ocesse
d by
i
m
pr
o
v
ed
noi
se
r
e
du
n
d
ancy
fi
l
t
eri
n
g
alg
o
rith
m
an
d th
e d
a
ta
filtering
algo
rith
m
b
a
sed
syst
em to
k
e
n
o
n
tab
l
e. Th
e ad
ap
tive op
erator an
d ti
me
wind
ow are introd
u
c
ed
in this testin
g
on
t
h
e
b
a
sis
of b
a
sic
n
o
i
se filterin
g
al
g
o
rith
m
.
Th
e windo
w o
f
t
h
e
ad
ap
tiv
e no
ise
filterin
g
algo
rith
m
is p
u
t
in forward [20
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
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:
208
8-8
7
0
8
N
e
w
Al
gori
t
h
m
f
o
r F
a
st
P
r
oce
ssi
ng
RF
ID
Sy
st
em i
n
C
o
nt
ai
ner T
e
rmi
nal
(
E
vi
zal
A
b
d
u
l
K
adi
r)
28
7
Fig
u
re
3
.
Co
mp
lete algo
rith
m
flowc
h
art
of RFID m
i
ddleware
4.
EVAL
UATI
O
N RESULTS
In
itial testin
g
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e u
s
e
ICT an
d
RFID techn
o
l
o
g
y
in
co
ntain
e
r term
in
al
co
nd
uct at
cont
ai
ne
r
rece
i
v
i
n
g
gat
e
-i
n,
co
nfi
g
u
r
at
i
o
n
an
d arc
h
i
t
e
c
t
ure
of
ha
rd
ware
an
d c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
net
w
o
r
k al
s
o
com
m
uni
cat
i
on t
o
co
nt
ai
ner
t
e
rm
i
n
al
sy
st
em
. Test
i
ng ha
ve bee
n
d
one
by
pl
aci
ng
dri
v
er an
d ve
hi
cl
e t
a
g on
tru
c
k
th
en
e-seal at th
e b
ack
o
f
con
t
ain
e
r, in
th
is in
itia
l stag
e all tag
s
and
e-seal
u
s
ed
passiv
e
typ
e
and
sing
le
lane of c
ontai
ner recei
ving,
re
sults obtain is
RFID rea
d
er a
c
hieve t
o
ca
pture of RF
ID tag ID and i
n
form
ation
with
RFID
read
er
po
wer transmits se
t to
max
i
m
u
m
.
Seco
n
d
stag
e
of testin
g
is
with
mu
ltip
le lan
e
s t
o
ch
eck
readi
ng
per
f
o
r
m
ance of R
F
I
D
rea
d
er
w
h
i
c
h i
s
l
a
ne-
3
a
n
d 4 t
h
at
ve
ry
cl
ose t
o
eac
h
ot
he
r. R
e
s
u
l
t
s
sho
w
s
m
u
lt
i
p
l
e
t
a
gs ID capt
u
re by
r
eader a
nd
do
not
k
n
o
w
fr
om which rea
d
er beca
use lane-3 RFID rea
d
er over
readi
n
g to driver a
n
d ve
hicle
tags
of
t
r
u
c
k
at
l
a
ne-
4
an
d
vi
s
e
ve
rsa R
F
I
D
r
eader
l
a
ne
-4
re
ads t
a
gs
o
n
t
h
e
l
a
ne-
3, t
h
is
happe
n
beca
use
of re
ader power tra
n
sm
its to hi
gh. Nex
t
testing
is to
ad
ju
st
read
er tran
sm
i
t
s p
o
wer
lowe
r to just read of c
ove
ra
ge area in
sp
ecific lan
e
with
in a few
m
e
ters, th
is lev
e
l all d
r
iv
er and
v
e
h
i
cle tag
s
can rea
d
according to the truck in lane a
n
d ove
r rea
d
in
g
to adjacent lane issue is solve. Anot
her iss
u
e is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 1, Feb
r
uar
y
20
1
6
:
28
3 – 29
1
28
8
facing
on the
e
-
seal rea
d
ing because
powe
r
of rea
d
er
re
duced t
h
en rea
d
i
n
g pe
rform
a
nce on t
h
e e
-
seal
at the
back
of c
ontai
ner is not good
becau
se of environm
ent
with high le
vel
m
e
tal. Figure 4 shows avera
g
e
pr
ocessi
ng
t
i
m
e
use
d
wi
t
h
ne
w al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
per c
ont
ai
ne
r.
Fi
gu
re
4.
A
v
er
age
pr
ocessi
ng
t
i
m
e
i
n
ne
w al
go
ri
t
h
m
The use of e-seal with active RFID type
for
be
tter re
ading pe
rform
a
nce as curre
ntly used in
Sha
n
ghai Port
whic
h is e-seal with
2.
4
GHz
, w
h
ere
eve
r
y
pr
ot
oc
ol
s a
n
d
i
n
t
e
rface
s u
s
ed
sam
e
st
andard
t
h
at
expecte
d
t
h
is e
-
seal ca
n
be
re
ads
by Sha
n
ghai Port RF
ID s
y
ste
m
then sys
t
e
m
able to c
o
mmunicate for better
service t
o
c
u
st
om
ers and also to
prom
ote the use
of RFID
e-seal to ot
hers
containe
r termin
al wo
rl
d
w
i
d
e. Th
e
d
e
sign
o
f
active RFID e-seal is si
m
ilar to
th
e d
e
sign
of
m
e
c
h
anical container seal w
ith
b
o
lt to
lo
ck
and
t
h
is e-
seal h
a
s sen
s
or, on
ce seal is un
p
l
u
g
or
op
en
w
ith
ou
t au
t
h
orize there is tam
p
ered rec
o
rd
in the e-seal. T
e
sting
on active RFID e-seal does
not m
a
ny iss
u
es
because a
c
tive RFID ca
n rea
d
i
n
longer
ra
nge
but
som
e
ad
d
ition
a
l eq
u
i
p
m
en
t for activ
e RFID
reader.
Th
is v
e
rsion
o
f
e-seal as
fin
a
l
fo
r th
is
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
and
resul
t
s
s
h
ows
p
e
rf
orm
a
nce o
f
cont
ai
ne
r cl
ea
rance is
better a
n
d great im
provem
ent.
RFID m
i
ddleware as
function to s
e
rve client
which
is gate checke
r
,
the
n
r
eceived inform
ation from
RFID
readers a
nd se
nsor t
o
process a
nd
veri
fy to CT
MS syste
m
. In initial t
e
sting, m
i
ddleware
receive
d
many
in
fo
rm
atio
n
wh
ich
is tag
s
ID an
d e-
seal ID with
c
ontai
ner num
b
er,
then
m
i
ddl
eware
u
n
abl
e
t
o
veri
fy
t
a
gs
bel
o
ng
t
o
w
h
i
c
h l
a
ne
(m
ul
t
i
pl
e l
a
nes
t
e
st
i
n
g
)
.
Th
us
, s
o
m
e
adj
u
st
m
e
nt an
d
fi
ne t
uni
n
g
of
R
F
I
D
rea
d
er
gi
ve
resu
lts th
at m
i
d
d
l
eware
can
b
e
id
en
tify tags ID co
m
e
fr
o
m
whi
c
h l
a
ne.
Test
i
ng c
o
nt
i
n
ues a
n
d
an
ot
he
r i
ssu
e
faci
n
g
i
s
t
oo
m
a
ny
unne
ces
sary
dat
a
beca
use rea
d
er
kee
p
rea
d
i
n
g an
d sen
d
i
n
g dat
a
t
o
m
i
ddl
ewa
r
e,
al
t
hou
g
h
there is no
ve
hicle or truc
k in receiving lane
(tags bel
ong to othe
rs pa
ss thru the
area
).
This issue s
o
lve by
l
i
m
i
t
t
h
e t
i
m
e
of
rea
d
i
n
g R
F
I
D
reade
r
but
s
y
st
em
cannot
r
ecog
n
i
ze
w
h
et
her
t
r
uc
k
o
n
t
h
e l
a
ne
or
n
o
t
,
t
hus
t
h
i
s
st
ep need i
n
v
o
l
v
e i
n
har
d
ware
sy
st
em
by
i
n
stal
l
phot
oel
ect
ri
c senso
r
i
n
fr
o
n
t
and e
nd o
f
l
a
ne fo
r st
art
an
d st
o
p
readi
ng
o
f
R
F
I
D
rea
d
e
r
. C
l
ea
rance
(
p
r
o
cessi
ng
) t
i
m
e dat
a
are t
a
ke
n f
r
o
m
several
c
ont
ai
ne
r com
e
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
l
a
ne
wi
t
h
seve
ral
t
y
pe o
f
co
nt
ai
ner
such as
20
fo
o
t
, 40
fo
ot
an
d d
o
u
b
l
e
2
0
f
o
ot
cont
ai
ne
r. Ta
bl
e
2 sh
ow
s t
h
e re
sul
t
s
of c
ont
ai
ne
r c
l
earance t
i
m
e
bet
w
ee
n p
r
evi
ous m
a
nual
p
r
oced
u
r
e t
o
ne
w p
r
oce
d
ure
wi
t
h
IC
T a
n
d
R
F
I
D
syste
m
. Results shows
very
great enha
ncement and tim
e sa
vi
n
g
c
o
m
p
are t
o
pre
v
i
o
usl
y
, i
n
pre
v
i
o
us
pr
o
cedu
r
e
avera
g
e cl
eara
n
ce t
i
m
e
i
s
248.
1 seco
n
d
(+/
-
4 m
i
nut
es) an
d ne
w
pr
oced
u
r
e ave
r
age t
i
m
e i
s
57 (+/
-
1
m
i
nut
e
)
seco
nd
o
r
e
nha
ncem
ent
up
t
o
7
7
%
t
i
m
e
savi
ng.
Table
2. Cleara
n
ce tim
e co
m
p
arison
betwee
n previ
ous
p
r
oc
edu
r
es t
o
new
I
C
T im
pl
em
ent
e
d
pr
oce
d
u
r
e
No
Data
Collection
Previous
Procedure
Container Type
(f
oot)
20
20+20
40
1 1
s
t
Container
250 sec
40
65
61
2 2
nd
Container
215 sec
43
75
52
3 3
rd
Container
296 sec
55
78
72
4 4
th
Container
260 sec
40
61
55
5 5
th
Container
220 sec
35
69
60
6 6
th
Container
289 sec
59
65
62
7 7
th
Container
192 sec
50
71
70
8 8
th
Container
266 sec
51
55
46
9 9
th
Container
236 sec
40
63
48
10
10
s
t
Container
257 sec
52
65
53
Average Tim
e
(
s
ec)
248.
1
46.
5
66.
7
57.
9
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
N
e
w
Al
gori
t
h
m
f
o
r F
a
st
P
r
oce
ssi
ng
RF
ID
Sy
st
em i
n
C
o
nt
ai
ner T
e
rmi
nal
(
E
vi
zal
A
b
d
u
l
K
adi
r)
28
9
C
u
r
r
ent
l
y
, m
o
st
of cont
ai
n
e
r t
e
rm
i
n
al
operat
i
on i
s
base
d o
n
m
a
nual
or se
m
i
-aut
om
ati
o
n
sy
st
em
t
h
at
e
m
p
l
o
y
s ICT tech
no
log
y
to
assist in
o
p
e
ratio
n. Altho
ugh
i
n
som
e
of t
e
rm
i
n
al
has i
n
t
r
od
uced
IC
T t
ech
nol
ogy
in
op
erati
o
n
bu
t yet i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t prop
er
p
r
oced
ure an
d
so
ftware m
a
n
a
g
e
men
t
(algo
r
ithm
)
th
u
s
op
erat
io
n
still
not
ac
hi
eve i
n
opt
i
m
u
m
pro
d
u
ct
i
v
i
t
y
. Pr
op
o
s
ed
new t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy
an
d al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
i
n
orde
r
t
o
im
pro
v
e c
o
nt
ai
ner
t
e
rm
i
n
al
operat
i
on
has a t
r
em
end
o
u
s res
u
l
t
s
and i
m
pro
v
em
ent
i
n
t
e
rm
of t
i
m
e
and pr
od
uct
i
v
i
t
y
. As s
h
ows i
n
t
a
bl
e 2 c
o
m
p
ar
i
s
on
bet
w
een
p
r
evi
ous
p
r
oces
s t
i
m
e
and
ne
w
pr
ocessi
n
g
t
i
m
e, t
h
e ot
hers
im
pact
by
i
n
t
r
od
uce
d
ICT tech
no
l
o
gy in
ter
m
in
al
o
p
e
ration
s
is smart ter
m
i
n
al
ope
rat
i
o
n. Ta
b
l
e 3 sh
ows a
com
p
ari
s
on c
u
rre
nt
pr
oce
d
u
r
e i
n
cont
ai
ne
r t
e
r
m
i
n
al
operat
i
on t
o
ne
w p
r
o
p
o
sed sy
st
e
m
i
n
vari
o
u
s
effect
s an
d
im
pro
v
e
productivity and e
fficiency.
Tabl
e
3. C
o
m
p
ari
s
o
n
pre
v
i
o
us
sy
st
em
t
o
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
new
t
ech
nol
ogy
i
n
c
ont
ai
ner t
e
rm
i
n
al
Description
Previous
Op
erati
ons
Syst
em
P
r
oposed New
Syst
em
I
C
T
technology
used
Yes,
but
n
o
t o
p
tim
u
m
without im
plem
ent
algorith
m
in software operation
Yes,
im
ple
m
ent algor
ith
m
in softwar
e
m
a
nagem
e
nt
thus high pr
od
uctivity
achieve
For
w
ar
der
vehicle
/
tr
ailer
W
ithout e-
seal,
dr
iver
and
vehicle I
D
and
GPS
Introduced e-seal
f
o
r container, driver and
vehicle RFI
D
tag for
identification an
d GPD
for locating syste
m
Pri
m
e
m
over in term
in
al
Used
handy
talky to co
m
m
unicate and
m
a
nual re
cord by
checklist
Used Vehicle M
o
unting T
echnol
og
y
T
a
ble
then all onli
n
e record f
o
r any c
ontainer
transaction in ya
rd or wharf
Gate checker in / o
u
t term
inal
Ma
nual entry
b
y
oper
a
tor
or r
e
ceivin
g
staff then input to the syste
m
Introduced RFID syste
m
to scan container e-
seal and tag then
receiving staf
f
use
d
tablet
to do tr
ansaction and confirm
a
tion
Forwarder
gate pas
s
Used
m
a
nual
recei
pt and
m
a
nual
writ
ing
Used e-seal and inf
o
r
m
ation send via web
page online in advanced bef
o
r
e
container
reach te
r
m
inal
Container
tr
acking and
m
onitor
i
ng
Unab
le to tr
ack
and
m
onitor container
position because
ther
e no identi
f
i
cation
sy
ste
m
E
n
able to do tr
a
c
king and
m
onitor
i
ng of
container because GPS is
e
m
bed
d
ed in
vehicle
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
New algorithm
s
for effective
ope
ration i
n
c
ontaine
r t
e
rm
i
n
al
have
b
een i
m
pl
em
nt
ed i
n
t
o
R
F
I
D
middleware
.
R
F
ID e
qui
pm
ennts are
inst
alled
at gate-in
of containe
r recei
vi
ng a
r
ea, e
v
e
r
y contai
ner
re
gistered
with
e-seal
will cap
tu
re
b
y
RFID
read
er th
e
in
fo
rm
ati
o
n
in
sid
e
e-seal will
sen
d
t
o
m
i
d
d
l
eware then
CTMS for
v
e
rification
.
Sev
e
ral testin
g
an
d
trial h
a
v
e
b
een
con
d
u
c
t
e
d
to
fi
n
d
b
e
st p
o
s
ition
and
lo
cation
of
RFID
equi
pm
ents, and the
best posi
tion fi
xe
d at c
ontaine
r recei
ving site and R
F
ID e
q
uipm
ents installed for every
lanes, one set for each lane.
Propose
d ne
w algorithm
a
ssits RFID m
i
ddleware s
o
ft
ware to select necessary
d
a
ta is v
e
ry imp
o
rtan
t
for effectiv
e pro
cessin
g
ti
m
e
. F
ilterin
g
pro
c
ess
o
f
e-seal ID an
d sh
ip
m
e
n
t
in
fo
rmatio
n
before
sending to m
i
ddleware and CTMS
to avoid
no
ise
data recei
ved by m
i
ddleware is controlled by
pr
o
pose
d
ne
w
al
go
ri
t
h
m
.
R
e
sul
t
s
sh
o
w
s
gre
a
t
im
pro
v
em
ent
s
and
fast
pr
oc
essi
ng
t
i
m
e
of
R
F
ID
sy
st
em
and
n
o
m
o
re noi
se or
un
use
d
dat
a
re
cei
ved o
n
m
i
ddl
ewa
r
e. I
n
o
v
e
ral
im
pact
t
o
t
h
e cont
ai
ner t
e
rm
i
n
al
sy
st
em
are
reduce truc
k a
n
d waiting
que
ue at
receiving area a
n
d im
pr
ove
productivi
t
y of c
o
ntainer term
inal. Custom
er
satisfactio
n
is
o
n
e
of t
h
e
b
e
nefits to
i
n
tro
duce th
is syst
em
to the
containe
r term
inal and
fut
u
re
enha
nce
m
ent to
i
m
p
r
ov
e
o
t
h
e
r
p
a
rts t
h
at po
si
bilit
y to
in
creasin
g
fo
r efficiency in
con
t
ain
e
r term
in
al o
p
e
ratio
n
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
Th
is wor
k
w
a
s sup
p
o
r
ted
under
MOH
E
Resear
ch
G
r
ou
p
Flag
sh
i
p
Gr
an
t
Q
.
J1
300
00
.24
2
8
.
0
2
G3
8
“Pr
e
dictiv
e
Anal
y
t
i
c
s Fra
m
ewor
k f
o
r
E-Lear
ni
n
g
B
i
g Dat
a
C
o
m
put
i
ng”
.B
i
g
Da
t
a
C
e
nt
re, Fa
cul
t
y
of C
o
m
put
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
ersiti Tekn
o
l
o
g
i
Malaysia.
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e
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i
a
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r
v
a
t
i
v
e
al
l
o
cat
i
on m
o
d
e
l
s
fo
r
o
u
t
b
ou
nd
co
nt
ai
ne
rs
i
n
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ai
ne
r t
e
rm
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s",
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rop
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urna
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ra, J.
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rovi
ng RFID trace
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syste
m
s
with ve
rifiabl
e
q
u
a
lity",
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n
dus
t
r
i
a
l
Ma
na
ge
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e
nt
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a
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ems,
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2
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ng
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Y. Cu
i, "Produ
ctiv
ity ch
an
ges
i
n
C
h
i
n
ese C
ont
ai
ne
r Ter
m
i
n
al
s 200
6–
2
0
1
1
",
Tran
sport
Policy,
v
o
l
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7-3
8
4
,
20
14
.
[10]
B. Cai, S. Hua
n
g
,
D. Liu
,
an
d G. Dissa
nay
a
ke, "Res
ch
edu
lin
g
p
o
licies fo
r larg
e-scale task
allo
catio
n
o
f
aut
o
nom
ous
st
rad
d
l
e
car
ri
ers
u
nde
r
unce
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
at
aut
o
m
a
t
e
d co
nt
ai
ne
r t
e
rm
i
n
al
s",
Ro
bo
t. Au
ton
.
S
y
st
.,
v
o
l
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4
,
2
014
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[11]
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ois Cordea
u,
Rina
Mary Mazza, Robe
rto Trunfi
o, "S
i
m
ula
tion-base
d optimization for
ho
use
k
ee
pi
n
g
i
n
a c
o
nt
ai
ner
t
r
anss
hi
pm
ent
t
e
rm
i
n
al
",
C
o
mp
ut
ers
&
Oper
at
i
ons
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arch
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o
l
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a
rl
o, I
.
F.
A. Vi
s, a
nd
K.
J. R
o
o
d
b
er
ge
n,
"St
o
rag
e
y
a
rd
ope
rat
i
o
ns i
n
cont
ai
ne
r t
e
rm
inal
s:
Li
t
e
rat
u
re
ove
r
v
i
e
w, t
r
e
n
ds, a
nd r
e
sear
ch di
rect
i
o
ns"
,
Euro
pe
an J
o
urn
a
l
of
O
p
er
at
i
o
n
a
l
Rese
ar
ch,
v
o
l
.
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5, p
p
.
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12-
430
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14
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nd M
.
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n
t
e
g
r
at
ed opt
i
m
i
zation
of co
nt
ai
ne
r
t
e
r
m
i
n
al
schedul
i
n
g wi
t
h
un
cert
a
i
n
fact
o
r
s"
,
C
o
m
put
er
s &
Ind
u
st
ri
al
En
gi
neeri
n
g,
vo
l. 75
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1
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.
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r
er
o, F
.
Gan
d
i
n
o, B
.
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hi
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an
d M
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en
go
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Fai
r
an
d
H
i
gh
Thr
oug
hpu
t Read
er
-
t
o
-
Read
er
An
tico
llisio
n
Pro
t
o
c
o
l
in
Den
s
e RFID Netwo
r
k
s
",
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u
s
tri
a
l In
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rma
tics, IEEE Tra
n
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c
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a
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H
s
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n
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.
S
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u
n
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go
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DI
S:
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n
h
anc
e
d Di
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v
e
r
y
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v
i
ce for R
F
ID
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B
a
sed P
r
od
uct
In
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rm
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i
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m
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r
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K. Gi
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g
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.
K. U
d
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n
d H. B
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n
ghee
,
"Desi
g
n an
d Im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on of Sens
o
r
Tag
M
i
ddl
ewa
r
e f
o
r
Mo
n
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C
o
n
t
ain
e
rs in
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i
stics Syste
m
s", in
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e
nso
r
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o
l
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ies and
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tio
n
s
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09
.
S
E
NSO
R
C
O
MM
'0
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ird Intern
a
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eren
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09
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.
[18]
T.A.R. E
v
izal., Sharul Kam
a
l
A
bdu
l Rahi
m
,
"A
ctiv
e
RFI
D
Tech
no
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
A
sset
Tr
ack
i
ng
and
M
a
nagem
e
nt
S
y
st
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",
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4
6
,
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13
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[19]
E.A
.
Ka
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S.
M
.
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sud
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.
Kam
a
l
Ab
d
u
l Rahim
,
and
S.L
.
Ros
a
, "RFI
D m
i
d
d
lewa
re f
o
r
fa
st
clearance in c
ontaine
r term
inal
m
a
nagem
e
nt
sy
st
em
", i
n
I
n
f
o
rma
tion
and
Com
m
un
ica
t
io
n
Tech
no
l
o
gy
(I
Co
I
C
T )
,
2015
3
r
d In
tern
a
t
i
o
na
l C
o
n
f
erence on
,
20
15
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1
.
[20]
J.Z. M
i
ng
Ke
,
M
i
ngm
i
ng H
u
o,
X
u
h
u
i
C
h
e
n
, "T
he R
e
sea
r
c
h
a
n
d Im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
R
F
ID
M
i
ddl
e
w
ar
e
Data Filterin
g
Algo
rith
m
"
,
Researc
h
Jo
ur
n
a
l
of
A
ppl
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
nces, E
ngi
n
eeri
ng
a
nd Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy
, V
o
l. 7,
pp
. 10
7
5
-
1
08
1,
2
0
1
4
.
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Evizal Abdul
Kadir obt
ain
e
d hi
s PhD in Wi
rel
e
ss Com
m
unication from
Univer
siti T
e
knologi
Malay
s
ia (UTM
) Malay
s
ia in 2
014, M.Eng in
Electrical/Electr
oni
s and Telecommunication
Universiti T
e
kn
ologi Malay
s
i
a
(UTM) Malay
s
i
a
in
2008. B.Eng in Electri
cal
En
gineer
ing Bung
Hatta University Indonesia in 1999. Currently
,
He
is a Post
Doctoral Fellowship in Big data
Centre Faculty
of Computing Un
iversiti Teknologi Malay
s
ia. He
hav
e
been wo
rked in
sever
a
l
companies th
at
provide s
y
s
t
em solution
in te
leco
mmunication an
d radio
frequen
c
y
identification
(RFID) in Malay
s
ia, Sing
apore
and Indonesia,
He is
continuing
his research
activity
r
e
lated
to
the wir
e
less and
m
obile
com
m
u
nica
tion,
radio
f
r
equency
iden
tif
ication
(RFID), RF
microwave
s
y
stem, antenna
design, computer
sy
stem and networking, sate
llite communicatio
n and wireless
sensor network (WSN). He has
published a number
of technical
papers including
journals an
d
intern
ation
a
l con
f
erences
on antenna,
RFID
and intelligent s
y
s
t
em for industr
ial.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
N
e
w
Al
gori
t
h
m
f
o
r F
a
st
P
r
oce
ssi
ng
RF
ID
Sy
st
em i
n
C
o
nt
ai
ner T
e
rmi
nal
(
E
vi
zal
A
b
d
u
l
K
adi
r)
29
1
Siti Mari
y
a
m
Sham
suddin
receiv
e
d her BS
c and
M
S
c degree in
M
a
them
ati
c
s
from
New J
e
rs
ey
USA, and Phd in Pattern R
ecog
n
ition & Ar
tifi
c
i
a
l
Int
e
ll
igenc
e
f
r
om
Universiti
Putra Mala
ysi
a
(UPM), MALAYSIA. Currently
, she
is a Direct
or
of UTM
Big Data C
e
n
t
re, Universiti
Teknologi Malay
s
ia (UTM), Johor, Malay
s
ia.
Her resear
ch interests include the Data
Com
puting, Soft Com
puting
and i
t
s Applic
ation
,
Met
a
-
H
euristic Algo
rithm
s
, Patte
rn
Recognition, Fo
rensic Document Analy
s
is,
Geometric Modeling, a
nd GPU Computing for
M
achine
Lea
r
ni
ng. S
h
e has
te
ac
hing exper
i
enc
e
in the
area o
f
m
obile m
ach
ine l
e
arning, p
a
tt
ern
recognition, b
i
g
data progr
amming and intellig
ent modeling. He has published
more than 120
papers re
la
ted
to
m
achine
l
earni
ng, pred
ic
tive
a
n
al
yti
c
s, d
a
t
a
an
al
yti
c
s in
nat
i
on
al/in
tern
ation
a
l
j
ourna
l a
n
d c
onfe
r
e
n
ce
s.
She ca
n be
re
ac
he
d a
t
ma
riy
a
m@ut
m.
m
y
or si
ti
ma
riy
a
ms@gma
i
l
.
c
o
m.
Sri Listia Rosa obtained her
M.Sc. in com
put
er scien
ce, f
a
cult
y of com
puting Universiti
Teknologi Malay
s
ia
in 2013 and
B.Eng in
electr
i
cal
engineering
from Bung Hatta University
in
1999. Currently
,
She as lecturer
in department of
informatics,
faculty
of techn
o
log
y
Islamic
Universit
y
of Ri
au. She resear
ch
is on artifici
a
l i
m
m
une
sy
st
em
, intel
ligen
t s
y
st
e
m
and imm
une
s
y
stem algorith
m. She has pu
blished sev
e
ral
papers including
journa
ls an
d int
e
rnat
iona
l
conferen
ces
on
a
r
tifi
c
ia
l im
m
une
s
y
s
t
em
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.