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Ho
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I
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T
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d
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o
r
an
d
o
u
td
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o
cc
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n
s
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en
tl
y
[
1
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.
T
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L
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Ds
w
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th
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d
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2
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.
T
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also
k
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t b
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[
3
]
,
[
4
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.
A
lth
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-
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t
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x
tr
ac
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p
r
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ic
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c
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[
5
]
.
Ma
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w
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m
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tr
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[
6
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.
Oth
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p
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w
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p
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ticles
s
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ticle
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b
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[
7
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,
[
8
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.
T
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Mo
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T
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1
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[
1
1
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.
T
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n
as
i
t
s
h
o
u
ld
i
n
r
esear
ch
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
is
u
s
u
al
l
y
ca
u
s
e
b
y
ce
n
tr
al
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
b
lu
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
m
b
in
ed
w
it
h
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles
h
av
in
g
a
n
is
o
tr
o
p
ic
s
ca
tter
in
g
th
at
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
a
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
ca
ll
ed
th
e
y
ello
w
r
in
g
,
w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
a
ir
s
t
h
e
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
o
f
p
c
-
L
E
Ds
a
n
d
ca
u
s
e
s
ir
r
itatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
e
y
es
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
b
lu
e
li
g
h
ts
at
h
ig
h
C
C
T
ass
e
m
b
le
i
n
th
e
o
r
d
in
ar
y
d
ir
ec
tio
n
w
h
il
e
th
e
y
ello
w
li
g
h
ts
g
ath
er
i
n
th
e
p
er
ip
h
er
al
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
th
u
s
,
cr
ea
tin
g
t
h
e
i
m
b
ala
n
ce
o
f
li
g
h
t
at
th
ese
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
an
g
u
lar
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
(
DC
C
T
D)
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
o
p
ti
m
ized
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ca
n
g
o
u
p
to
3
0
0
0
K
an
d
ev
e
n
h
i
g
h
er
in
lar
g
er
s
ize
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
lig
h
ti
n
g
o
n
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e
[
1
4
]
.
Ma
n
y
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
DC
C
T
D
w
er
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
r
ec
e
n
t
r
esear
c
h
es
f
r
o
m
s
i
m
p
le
id
ea
s
s
u
c
h
as
ad
j
u
s
ti
n
g
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
co
n
f
o
r
m
al
co
atin
g
,
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
s
p
ec
ialized
len
s
,
a
n
d
r
e
-
d
esi
g
n
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
to
a
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
a
p
atter
n
ed
s
ap
p
h
ir
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
o
r
a
m
u
lti
-
l
a
y
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
a
g
e
i
n
w
h
i
ch
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
il
m
s
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
ice
s
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
f
t
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
n
o
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
eg
ar
d
ed
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
c
h
an
g
es
i
n
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
an
d
th
e
C
C
T
[
2
0
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
a
lo
w
C
C
T
p
c
-
L
E
Ds
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
to
a
h
i
g
h
C
C
T
p
c
-
L
E
D
s
w
it
h
lo
w
er
s
ca
tter
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
th
e
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
o
f
D
C
C
T
D
is
h
ar
d
er
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
d
esira
b
le.
C
h
e
n
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
co
m
b
in
in
g
Z
r
O
2
Na
n
o
-
p
ar
ticles
to
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
t
h
e
D
C
C
T
D
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
Usi
n
g
n
an
o
-
p
ar
ticles
Z
r
O
2
i
n
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
as
p
r
o
v
ed
to
also
b
o
o
s
t th
e
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
in
g
ef
f
ec
t o
f
Z
r
O
2
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
r
ed
u
ctio
n
was n
o
t
m
en
t
io
n
ed
in
th
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
t
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
r
ec
y
c
lin
g
o
f
p
h
o
to
n
i
s
al
s
o
h
i
g
h
er
,
t
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
s
o
m
eti
m
es
ca
n
b
e
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
l
u
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
r
esu
lt
is
ac
h
iev
ed
o
n
l
y
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
an
d
th
e
n
co
n
cl
u
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
zir
co
n
ia
(
Z
r
O
2
)
w
ith
o
u
t
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
o
f
C
C
T
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
it is
d
if
f
icu
lt to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
l
t.
I
n
th
i
s
ar
ticle,
w
e
ai
m
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
DC
C
T
D
in
h
i
g
h
C
C
T
d
ev
ices
b
y
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
ca
lciu
m
f
l
u
o
r
id
e
(
C
aF
2
)
a
n
d
s
ilica
(
Si
O
2
)
p
ar
ticles
in
to
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
a
g
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
e
d
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
p
c
-
W
L
E
D
w
ith
h
e
m
is
p
h
er
e
p
ac
k
ag
e.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
ar
e
b
o
th
s
tu
d
ied
a
n
d
p
r
ese
n
t
ed
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
C
C
T
.
B
esid
es
th
e
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
,
t
h
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
C
aF
2
an
d
Si
O
2
i
n
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
at
ea
c
h
C
C
T
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
a
n
d
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
s
i
s
al
s
o
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
an
a
l
y
ze
d
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
a
n
d
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
o
f
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
ca
n
e
n
h
a
n
ce
b
o
th
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
a
n
d
lu
m
e
n
o
u
tp
u
t.
2.
ANALY
Z
A
T
I
O
N
O
N
T
H
E
SCAT
T
E
RIN
G
E
F
F
E
C
T
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
p
ar
ticles
(
SEP
s
)
ar
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
lig
h
t
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
t.
A
c
co
r
d
in
g
to
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
t
h
eo
r
y
,
th
e
p
r
es
en
ce
o
f
SEP
s
i
n
co
n
f
o
r
m
al
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
c
-
W
L
E
D
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
en
ab
les th
e
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
ef
f
ec
t,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
MA
T
L
A
B
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
μ
sca
(
λ
)
,
th
e
a
n
i
s
o
tr
o
p
y
f
ac
to
r
g
(
λ
)
,
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
co
ef
f
ic
ie
n
t
δ
sca
(
λ
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
S
1
(
θ)
a
n
d
S
2
(
θ)
ar
e
ca
lc
u
lat
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
(
1
)
p
r
esen
ted
:
(
)
(
)
(
,
)
d
s
c
a
s
c
a
N
r
C
r
r
(
1
)
I
n
(
1
)
,
N
(
r
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
al
p
ar
ticle
s
in
ea
c
h
cu
b
i
c
m
illi
m
eter
t
h
at
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
al
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
,
w
h
ile
C
sca
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
(
m
m
2
)
.
T
h
e
w
av
ele
n
g
t
h
(
n
m
)
is
s
h
o
w
n
as
λ
,
a
n
d
SEP
s
p
ar
ticles r
ad
iu
s
(
m
m
)
is
r
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
is
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
co
e
f
f
icie
n
ts
o
f
C
aF
2
a
n
d
SiO
2
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
ch
a
n
g
es
i
n
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
i
n
t
h
e
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
b
an
d
f
r
o
m
3
8
0
n
m
to
7
8
0
n
m
i
n
b
o
th
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
.
Ov
er
all,
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
p
u
t
o
u
t
b
y
C
aF
2
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ar
e
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
Si
O
2
,
w
h
ic
h
ex
p
lai
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
b
etter
co
lo
r
q
u
alit
y
ac
h
iev
ed
i
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
it
h
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
C
aF
2
.
Hav
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
m
ea
n
s
th
er
e
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
c
atter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
h
ap
p
en
ed
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
p
c
-
W
L
E
Ds
m
o
d
el
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
lig
h
t
is
ej
ec
ted
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
cc
u
r
,
t
h
e
b
etter
lig
h
t
r
a
y
s
ar
e
m
i
x
ed
,
w
h
ich
lo
w
er
t
h
e
co
lo
r
d
ev
iatio
n
an
d
lead
to
g
r
ea
ter
co
l
o
r
q
u
a
lit
y
.
T
h
e
lu
m
in
o
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d
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m
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er
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ted
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m
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h
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l
th
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h
e
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s
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e
m
itted
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lu
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Fig
u
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3
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e
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2
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al
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9
5
n
m
an
g
u
lar
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
t
h
er
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
s
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
ad
d
in
g
SEP
s
to
p
c
-
W
L
E
Ds
b
en
ef
it
s
co
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eit
y
an
d
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
v
er
i
f
ied
b
y
t
h
e
1
8
0
0
K
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
pc
-
W
L
E
D
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
SEP
s
at
2
6
7
0
K
to
p
c
-
W
L
E
Ds
w
it
h
SEP
s
.
On
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
p
ar
ticles o
n
t
h
eir
o
w
n
w
i
ll c
au
s
e
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
c
-
L
E
Ds
u
s
in
g
(
a)
C
aF
2
a
n
d
(
b
)
S
iO
2
Fig
u
r
e
4
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
o
f
p
c
-
W
L
E
Ds
w
i
th
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
C
aF
2
a
n
d
SiO
2
SEPs
p
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
co
v
er
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
s
o
f
SEP
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
s
a
n
d
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
f
r
o
m
0
%
to
5
0
%
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
n
m
to
1
0
0
0
n
m
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
R
e
g
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
lu
x
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
C
aF
2
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
aF
2
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
%
to
2
0
%.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
it
b
eg
in
s
to
d
ec
lin
e
o
n
ce
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
aF
2
p
as
s
es
2
0
%
a
n
d
g
r
o
w
s
h
i
g
h
er
.
T
h
e
SiO
2
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
i
s
SE
P
is
f
av
o
r
ab
le
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
l
ig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
as
th
e
ac
h
iev
ed
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
:
3
8
6
4
-
3869
3868
f
l
u
x
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
w
i
th
its
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
p
ar
ticle
s
s
ize.
T
h
e
s
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticles
s
ize
in
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
li
g
h
t
lo
s
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
t,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
a
n
a
g
in
g
t
h
is
ele
m
e
n
t
is
also
a
d
v
is
ab
le.
T
o
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
li
g
h
t e
n
er
g
y
lo
s
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
SEP
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
i
n
C
a
F
2,
w
e
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
L
a
m
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
la
w
a
n
d
th
e
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
t
h
eo
r
y
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
eq
u
a
tio
n
p
r
esen
ted
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
o
f
p
cL
E
D
s
ad
d
in
g
(
a)
C
aF
2
an
d
(
b
)
SiO
2
T
h
e
Mie
-
th
eo
r
y
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
C
sca
i
n
s
p
h
er
ical
p
ar
ticles
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itted
li
g
h
t p
o
w
er
ca
lcu
l
ated
w
it
h
th
e
L
a
m
b
er
-
B
ee
r
law
:
I
=I
0
ex
p
(
-
µ
ext
L)
(4
)
T
h
e
in
cid
en
t
li
g
h
t
p
o
w
er
i
s
I
0
,
an
d
L
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
il
m
’
s
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
(
m
m
)
.
µ
ext
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
th
e
ex
ti
n
cti
o
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
an
d
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
eq
u
at
io
n
:
µ
ext
=N
r
.C
ext
,
w
h
er
e
N
r
in
d
i
ca
tes
th
e
p
ar
ticles
’
n
u
m
b
er
d
en
s
it
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
(
m
m
-
3
)
.
C
ext
(
m
m
2
)
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
ates
th
e
e
x
ti
n
ctio
n
cr
o
s
s
-
s
e
ctio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticl
es.
Fro
m
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
(
4
)
,
w
h
ic
h
r
eg
ar
d
s
t
h
e
lig
h
ti
n
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
p
c
-
W
L
E
D
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
w
it
h
t
h
e
SEP
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
g
r
ad
u
all
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
,
th
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
s
lo
w
l
y
f
all
s
o
f
f
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
li
g
h
t
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
a
n
d
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
SEP
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
a
m
p
li
f
ie
s
t
h
e
lig
h
t
lo
s
s
f
r
o
m
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
t,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
en
er
g
y
i
s
d
a
m
a
g
ed
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
W
ith
t
h
e
a
i
m
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
li
g
h
t
in
g
q
u
alit
y
o
f
p
c
-
W
L
E
D
s
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
o
f
t
h
is
ar
ticle
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
ch
a
n
g
es
t
h
at
SE
P
s
,
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
C
a
F
2
an
d
SiO
2
,
b
r
in
g
to
co
lo
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
a
n
d
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
.
Af
ter
g
o
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
an
d
b
ein
g
v
er
i
f
ied
b
y
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
th
eo
r
y
to
g
et
h
er
w
it
h
th
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
,
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
SEP
s
is
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
p
c
-
W
L
E
D
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t,
an
d
ea
c
h
t
y
p
e
o
f
SEP
s
h
as
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
b
en
e
f
it.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
ea
ch
SEP
s
is
d
is
ti
n
ct
an
d
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
r
elies
o
n
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
an
o
p
tim
al
s
e
tti
n
g
,
w
h
ich
i
s
in
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
S
E
P
s
an
d
th
e
ex
ac
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
ap
p
lic
atio
n
,
is
es
s
en
t
ial
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
o
f
p
c
-
W
L
E
D
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
w
e
h
av
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ad
d
in
g
C
a
F
2
a
n
d
SiO
2
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
,
an
in
d
ex
th
at
i
m
p
ac
t
s
th
e
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
o
f
C
C
T
.
B
y
m
an
ag
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
aF
2
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
ca
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
to
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
v
al
u
e
w
h
ile
av
o
id
d
am
a
g
i
n
g
th
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
d
u
e
to
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
SiO
2
is
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ial
t
h
at
ca
n
g
u
ar
an
tee
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
r
eg
ar
d
les
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
.
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
ar
e
v
al
u
ab
le
f
o
r
th
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
o
f
p
c
-
W
L
E
Ds
w
i
th
u
n
iq
u
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
ca
n
b
e
s
er
v
ed
as a
p
r
ac
tical
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
i
s
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
Ho
C
h
i
Mi
n
h
C
it
y
u
n
d
er
g
r
an
t
n
u
m
b
er
:
2
1
/1
.
3
C
B
0
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
p
p
lyin
g
c
a
lciu
m
flu
o
r
id
e
a
n
d
s
ilica
p
a
r
ticles:
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
i
mp
r
o
ve
co
lo
r
… (
Hu
u
P
h
u
c
D
a
n
g
)
3869
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
Ch
e
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
h
o
t
o
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
Ca
4
La
6
(S
iO
4
)
4
(P
O
4
)
2
O
2
-
b
a
se
d
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs
f
o
r
wL
E
Ds
,
"
Ch
in
.
Op
t.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
2
0
1
9
,
A
rt.
n
o
.
0
5
1
6
0
2
.
[2
]
O.
H.
Kw
o
n
e
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]
Y.
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[4
]
Z.
Hu
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"
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[5
]
X
.
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"
Up
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[6
]
Y.
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.,
"
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tro
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P
ro
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S
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[7
]
J.
K.
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h
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t
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l
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,
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[8
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[9
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1
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Exp
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2
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ter
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Exp
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3
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s
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[1
5
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[1
6
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7
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8
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9
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Z.
C.
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l
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