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SIM
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[
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W
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2963
T
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SIM
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[
2
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5
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W
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3
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0
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L
T
1
2
2
8
[
9
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Fo
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n
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
m
p
l
if
ier
(
C
F
A
)
.
T
h
e
L
T
1
2
2
8
’
s
C
F
A
h
as
h
ig
h
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
a
n
d
s
o
it
is
a
s
u
p
er
b
b
u
f
f
er
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
a
m
p
li
f
ier
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
it
s
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
v
er
a
lar
g
e
v
ar
y
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
g
a
i
n
s
cr
ea
ti
n
g
it
s
i
m
p
le
to
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
a
m
p
li
f
ier
o
u
tp
u
t
to
d
if
f
er
en
t e
lectr
o
n
ic
c
ir
cu
itr
y
.
I
t is
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
lo
w
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
lo
ad
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ca
b
les,
w
it
h
b
etter
lin
ea
r
it
y
at
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
ex
ter
n
al
d
c
b
ias
cu
r
r
en
t,
I
B
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
to
it
s
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
g
m
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
L
T
1
2
2
8
b
ased
cir
cu
its
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
co
m
p
u
te
r
in
tr
e
n
d
y
cir
cu
it
v
o
g
u
e
.
Sev
er
al
SIM
O
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
v
o
ltag
e
m
o
d
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
f
ilter
s
u
s
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
a
n
alo
g
ac
ti
v
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
b
lo
ck
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
in
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
[
1
1
-
4
7
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
ese
r
ep
o
s
ed
f
ilter
s
h
a
v
e
s
o
m
e
in
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
s
as
it
h
a
s
b
e
en
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
n
o
t
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
a
v
ailab
le
I
C
[
13
-
31,
36
-
43
]
;
all
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
n
o
t
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
[
1
4
,
1
8
,
2
9
,
4
2
]
,
th
e
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
i
s
n
o
t
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
tu
n
ed
[
1
4
-
3
4
,
3
6
]
,
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
tu
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
0
an
d
Q
[
1
3
-
1
6
,
1
8
-
2
4
,
2
9
,
3
0
,
3
5
,
3
6
,
4
0
,
4
1
,
4
3
,
4
6
,
4
7
]
,
th
e
p
ass
b
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
is
n
o
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
tu
n
i
n
g
th
e
n
atu
r
a
l
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
[
1
4
,
1
7
,
1
8
,
2
0
,
2
5
,
2
6
,
2
8
,
2
9
,
3
2
-
3
4
,
3
6
,
3
8
,
3
9
,
4
2
]
.
T
h
is
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ap
er
'
s
co
m
m
i
t
m
en
t
is
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
tw
o
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
f
ilter
s
w
it
h
o
n
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
t
h
r
ee
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
es.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
ilter
s
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
t
w
o
L
T
1
2
2
8
s
w
it
h
f
iv
e
r
es
is
to
r
s
an
d
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
r
ee
v
o
ltag
e
m
o
d
e
f
ilter
i
n
g
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
,
HP
,
L
P
an
d
B
P
w
it
h
co
n
s
tan
t
p
as
s
b
an
d
g
ain
d
u
r
i
n
g
tu
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
0
a
n
d
Q
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
0
i
s
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
ad
j
u
s
ted
.
T
h
e
Q
o
r
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
s
etti
n
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
e
s
is
to
r
s
w
h
ile
n
o
d
is
tu
r
b
i
n
g
t
h
e
0
.
T
h
e
ex
h
ib
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
s
is
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
til
izin
g
P
s
p
ice
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
an
d
tr
ial
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
UNI
VE
R
SAL
F
I
L
T
E
R
S
2
.
1
.
P
rinciple o
f
t
he
us
ed
co
mm
e
rc
ia
lly
a
v
a
ila
ble a
ct
iv
e
ele
m
ent
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
ele
m
en
t
u
s
ed
in
th
i
s
d
esi
g
n
is
L
T
1
2
2
8
,
c
o
m
m
er
ciall
y
av
ai
lab
le
I
C
f
r
o
m
L
i
n
ea
r
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
I
n
c.
T
h
e
L
T
1
2
2
8
s
y
m
b
o
lic
d
iag
r
a
m
w
it
h
ei
g
h
t
ter
m
i
n
als
i
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
.
T
h
e
y
ter
m
i
n
al
is
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
h
ich
h
a
s
h
i
g
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
an
d
th
e
V
+
an
d
V
-
ter
m
in
a
ls
ar
e
in
v
er
ti
n
g
an
d
n
o
n
-
in
v
er
t
in
g
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
es
t
h
at
a
ls
o
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
.
T
h
e
x
an
d
w
ter
m
i
n
als
ar
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
lo
w
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
.
T
er
m
i
n
al
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
s
o
f
L
T
1
2
2
8
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
h
y
b
r
id
m
atr
i
x
f
o
r
m
g
i
v
en
in
(
1
)
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
V
V
yy
mm
xx
T
ww
IV
IV
IV
gg
VI
R
VI
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
R
T
is
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
tr
a
n
s
r
esis
ta
n
ce
g
ai
n
a
n
d
it
i
s
in
f
i
n
it
y
i
n
an
id
ea
l
ca
s
e
.
T
h
e
L
T
1
2
2
8
’
s
g
m
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
v
ia
e
x
ter
n
al
D
C
b
ias cu
r
r
en
t (
I
B
)
as
(
2
)
:
/
3
.
8
7
m
B
T
g
I
V
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
V
T
is
th
er
m
al
v
o
lta
g
e.
As
d
ef
i
n
ed
i
n
(
1
)
,
th
e
L
T
1
2
2
8
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
s
ch
e
m
e
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
p
in
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
L
T
1
2
2
8
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
c)
.
2
.
2
.
F
irst
pro
po
s
ed
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
m
o
de
un
iv
er
s
a
l
bi
qu
a
d
f
ilte
r
us
ing
t
w
o
L
T
1
2
28
s
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
iq
u
ad
f
ilter
s
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
ar
e
s
y
n
th
e
s
ized
f
r
o
m
t
w
o
lo
o
p
in
te
g
r
ato
r
s
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
v
o
ltag
e
-
m
o
d
e
s
ec
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n
d
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r
d
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m
p
r
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o
f
t
w
o
L
T
1
2
2
8
s
,
tw
o
g
r
o
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n
d
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ca
p
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ito
r
s
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d
f
i
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e
r
esis
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
lo
s
s
less
in
t
eg
r
ato
r
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
1
an
d
f
ir
s
t
L
T
1
2
2
8
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
lo
s
s
less
i
n
te
g
r
ato
r
is
r
ea
li
ze
d
f
r
o
m
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
2
a
n
d
s
e
co
n
d
L
T
1
2
2
8
.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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8
8
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I
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11
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r
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to
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s
R
1
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R
2
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R
3
a
n
d
f
ir
s
t
L
T
1
2
2
8
a
r
e
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n
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tr
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as
v
o
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ag
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m
m
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t.
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e
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s
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4
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d
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2
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ar
e
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n
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tr
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cted
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a
m
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li
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h
e
in
p
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t
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o
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V
in
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is
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p
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ag
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o
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e
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V
HP
1
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is
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
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p
as
s
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L
P
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ilter
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g
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o
ltag
e
n
o
d
e
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V
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th
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t
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ato
r
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d
t
h
e
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d
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p
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s
s
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P)
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ilter
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o
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e
n
o
d
e
(
V
BP
1
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i
s
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
v
o
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g
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
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W
ith
t
h
is
s
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h
e
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e,
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m
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i
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en
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it
h
o
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t
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
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it
is
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o
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n
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at
t
h
e
lo
w
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u
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u
t i
m
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at
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
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e
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o
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es
V
HP
1
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d
V
BP
1
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
e
d
.
+
w
-
+
L
T
1
2
2
8
I
w
V
x
I
x
V
y
I
y
V
+
V
-
I
B
y
x
I
V+
I
V
-
V
w
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B
V
+
V
-
1
1
g
m
(V
+
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V
-
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I
x
R
T
x
y
L
T
1
2
2
8
w
(
a)
(
b
)
8
7
6
5
4
2
1
3
y
V
-
V
+
-
V
EE
+V
CC
x
w
+
-
-
+
g
m
I
B
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
T
1
2
2
8
,
(
a)
Sy
m
b
o
l
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
,
(
b
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R
ep
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esen
tatio
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(
c)
P
in
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n
1228
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1228
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1
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1
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V
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2
C
in
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y
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R
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2
(
a)
1228
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1228
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1
R
3
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1
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C
in
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y
x
w
x
5
R
4
R
y
w
1
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V
2
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b
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
u
n
iv
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al
f
il
ter
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,
(
a)
First f
i
lter
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(
b
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S
ec
o
n
d
f
ilter
I
f
R
1
=
R
2
=
R
3
,
th
e
v
o
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e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
T
F)
ar
e
ex
p
r
e
s
s
ed
as
(
3
)
:
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
HP
m
m
m
in
V
s
K
g
g
g
V
ss
C
C
C
;
12
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
mm
LP
m
m
m
in
gg
V
C
C
K
g
g
g
V
ss
C
C
C
;
2
12
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
m
BP
m
m
m
in
sK
g
VC
K
g
g
g
V
ss
C
C
C
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
45
1/
K
R
R
.
Fro
m
(
3
)
,
th
e
u
n
it
y
p
a
s
s
b
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
f
o
r
h
i
g
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-
p
ass
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d
b
an
d
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p
ass
f
u
n
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n
s
,
t
h
e
o
n
e
-
t
h
ir
d
p
ass
b
an
d
v
o
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g
a
in
f
o
r
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w
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p
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s
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
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e
o
b
tain
ed
.
A
l
s
o
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
,
th
e
h
ig
h
-
p
ass
a
n
d
b
an
d
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
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e
in
p
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t v
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g
e
a
n
d
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o
u
tp
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t v
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ivers
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l b
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a
d
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w
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Ma
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h
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P
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ass
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n
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h
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f
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ct
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n
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i
n
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er
ti
n
g
.
T
h
e
n
at
u
r
al
f
r
eq
eu
n
c
y
(
ω
01
)
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
ilter
as
w
el
l a
s
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
(
Q
1
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ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
as
(
4
)
:
12
01
12
3
mm
gg
CC
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d
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1
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3
1
m
m
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Q
K
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b
s
ti
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t
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h
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u
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I
B1
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n
d
I
B2
as
ap
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ed
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(
2
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to
(
4
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,
th
e
ω
01
an
d
Q
1
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it a
r
e
as
(
5
)
:
12
01
12
3
1
3
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7
BB
T
II
V
C
C
an
d
5
12
1
4
5
2
1
3
B
B
R
IC
Q
R
R
I
C
(
5
)
Fro
m
(
5
)
,
it
ca
n
b
e
r
e
m
ar
k
ed
th
at
ω
01
ca
n
b
e
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
I
B1
an
d
I
B2
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
Q
1
ca
n
b
e
alter
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
af
f
e
ctin
g
ω
0
b
y
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an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
R
5
(
as
s
tated
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ata
s
h
ee
t
o
f
L
T
1
2
2
8
[
1
0
]
,
R
4
s
h
o
u
ld
n
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t
b
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ad
j
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s
ted
to
k
ee
p
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
)
.
Oth
er
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
f
o
r
tu
n
in
g
f
i
lt
er
p
ar
am
eter
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
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b
y
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i
m
u
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n
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u
s
l
y
a
d
j
u
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tin
g
I
B1
=
I
B2
=
I
B
(
th
is
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
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s
il
y
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m
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le
m
e
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ted
b
y
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s
in
g
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icr
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n
tr
o
ller
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r
m
icr
o
co
m
p
u
ter
)
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d
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etti
n
g
C
1
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C
2
=
C
.
T
h
en
f
i
lter
in
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
i
n
(
5
)
b
ec
o
m
es
01
3
3
.
8
7
B
T
I
VC
an
d
5
1
45
3
R
Q
RR
(
6
)
I
t
ca
n
b
e
r
e
m
ar
k
ed
f
r
o
m
(
6
)
th
at
ω
01
an
d
Q
1
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ω
01
ca
n
b
e
lin
ea
r
l
y
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
ad
ju
s
ted
.
A
ls
o
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
ω
01
an
d
Q
1
d
o
esn
’
t
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
p
as
s
b
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ai
n
f
o
r
all
f
ilter
i
n
g
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
2
.
3
.
Seco
nd
pro
po
s
ed
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
m
o
de
u
niv
er
s
a
l
biq
ua
d
f
ilte
r
u
s
ing
t
w
o
L
T
1
2
2
8
s
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
iq
u
ad
f
ilter
is
also
s
y
n
t
h
esized
f
r
o
m
t
w
o
lo
o
p
i
n
teg
r
ato
r
s
as
e
x
p
lai
n
ed
ab
o
v
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
.
I
t
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
t
w
o
L
T
1
2
2
8
s
,
f
iv
e
r
esis
to
r
s
,
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
h
ic
h
is
s
a
m
e
to
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
lo
s
s
les
s
i
n
te
g
r
ato
r
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
C
1
an
d
f
ir
s
t
L
T
1
2
2
8
w
h
il
e,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
lo
s
s
les
s
in
te
g
r
ato
r
is
r
ea
lized
f
r
o
m
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
2
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
L
T
1
2
2
8
.
T
h
e
r
esis
to
r
s
R
1
,
R
2
,
R
3
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
L
T
1
2
2
8
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
as
v
o
lta
g
e
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
c
ir
cu
it.
Fin
al
l
y
,
t
h
e
r
esis
to
r
s
R
4
,
R
5
a
n
d
f
ir
s
t
L
T
1
2
2
8
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
as
v
o
lta
g
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
in
)
is
ap
p
lied
at
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
cir
c
u
it
w
h
ile
,
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
p
as
s
(
HP
)
f
ilter
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
n
o
d
e
(
V
HP
2
)
is
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
,
th
e
lo
w
-
p
as
s
(
L
P
)
f
i
lter
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
n
o
d
e
(
V
L
P
2
)
is
a
t th
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
f
ir
s
t
in
te
g
r
ato
r
an
d
th
e
b
an
d
-
p
ass
(
B
P
)
f
ilter
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
n
o
d
e
(
V
BP
2
)
i
s
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
a
m
p
li
f
ier
.
W
ith
t
h
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e,
t
h
r
ee
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
f
ilter
i
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lt
an
eo
u
s
l
y
g
i
v
en
w
it
h
o
u
t
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
t
h
e
f
ilter
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t
i
m
p
ed
a
n
c
e
at
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
n
o
d
es
V
L
P
2
an
d
V
BP
2
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
I
f
R
1
=
R
2
=
R
3
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
(
T
F)
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
7
)
.
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
33
HP
m
m
m
in
s
V
Kg
g
g
V
ss
C
C
C
;
12
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
33
mm
LP
m
m
m
in
gg
V
C
C
Kg
g
g
V
ss
C
C
C
;
1
21
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
33
m
BP
m
m
m
in
sKg
VC
Kg
g
g
V
ss
C
C
C
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
=
1
+
(
4
/
5
)
.
Fro
m
(
7
)
,
th
e
u
n
it
y
p
ass
b
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
f
o
r
lo
w
-
p
ass
an
d
b
an
d
-
p
ass
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
,
th
e
o
n
e
-
th
ir
d
p
ass
b
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
ass
f
u
n
ctio
n
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
A
ls
o
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
,
th
e
lo
w
-
p
ass
a
n
d
b
an
d
-
p
ass
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
in
v
er
t
in
g
,
w
h
ile
th
e
h
ig
h
-
p
ass
f
u
n
ct
io
n
is
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
er
ti
n
g
.
T
h
e
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
eu
n
c
y
(
ω
02
)
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ilter
as
w
e
ll
as t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
(
Q
2
)
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
as
(
8
)
.
12
02
12
3
mm
gg
CC
an
d
21
2
12
3
1
m
m
gC
Q
K
g
C
(
8
)
Su
b
s
ti
tu
t
in
g
t
h
e
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ct
an
ce
s
g
m1
an
d
g
m2
in
f
u
n
cti
o
n
o
f
th
e
b
ias
c
u
r
r
en
ts
,
I
B1
an
d
I
B2
as
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
to
(
2
)
in
to
(
8
)
,
th
e
ω
02
an
d
Q
2
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it a
r
e
as
(
9
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
2
9
6
2
-
2973
2966
12
02
12
1
3
.
8
7
3
BB
T
II
V
C
C
an
d
5
21
2
4
5
1
2
3
B
B
R
IC
Q
R
R
I
C
(
9
)
Fro
m
(
9
)
,
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
ω
02
ca
n
b
e
elec
tr
o
n
ical
l
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
I
B1
a
n
d
I
B2
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
Q
2
ca
n
b
e
alter
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
ω
0
b
y
ch
a
n
g
in
g
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
R
5
.
O
th
er
ad
v
an
tag
e
f
o
r
tu
n
in
g
f
ilte
r
p
ar
am
eter
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
I
B1
=
I
B2
=
I
B
(
th
is
f
ea
t
u
r
e
is
ea
s
il
y
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
r
m
icr
o
co
m
p
u
ter
)
an
d
s
etti
n
g
C
1
=
C
2
=
C
.
T
h
en
f
ilter
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
(
9
)
b
ec
o
m
es
;
02
1
3
.
8
7
3
B
T
I
VC
an
d
5
2
45
3
R
Q
RR
(
1
0
)
I
t
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ted
f
r
o
m
(
1
0
)
th
at
ω
02
an
d
Q
2
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
tu
n
ed
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ω
02
is
lin
ea
r
l
y
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
tu
n
ed
.
A
ls
o
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
ω
02
an
d
Q
2
d
o
es
no
t
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
p
as
s
b
an
d
g
a
in
f
o
r
all
f
ilter
i
n
g
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
3.
P
ARASI
T
I
C
E
F
F
E
C
T
S
I
n
a
g
en
u
in
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
th
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
p
ar
asit
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
i
n
L
T
1
2
2
8
ar
e
n
o
t
ig
n
o
r
ab
le
th
at
it
m
i
g
h
t
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
s
.
So
,
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
elem
e
n
t
s
ap
p
ea
r
ed
at
all
ter
m
in
al
s
o
f
L
T
1
2
2
8
w
ill
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
e
n
ts
a
r
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
R
-
a
n
d
C
-
ap
p
ea
r
in
p
ar
allel
at
V
-
ter
m
i
n
al
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
;
R
+
a
n
d
C
+
ap
p
ea
r
in
p
ar
allel
at
V
+
ter
m
i
n
al
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
;
R
y
an
d
C
y
a
p
p
ea
r
in
p
a
r
allel
at
y
ter
m
i
n
al
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
;
R
x
ap
p
ea
r
s
in
s
eir
es
a
t
x
ter
m
in
a
l;
R
w
ap
p
ea
r
s
in
s
e
ir
es
at
w
ter
m
i
n
al
a
n
d
th
e
in
ter
n
al
tr
an
s
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
g
a
in
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
R
T
//
C
T
.
A
s
s
tated
i
n
d
ata
s
h
ee
t
o
f
L
T
1
2
2
8
[
1
0
]
,
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
es
is
to
r
s
(
R
1
,
R
4
in
f
ir
s
t
f
ilter
a
n
d
R
4
i
n
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ilter
)
f
r
o
m
w
to
x
ter
m
i
n
al
i
n
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
an
d
a
m
p
li
f
i
er
cir
cu
its
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
lo
w
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
C
T
a
n
d
R
T
a
n
d
to
g
et
h
i
g
h
e
r
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
A
l
s
o
,
if
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilt
er
s
is
ex
p
ec
ted
l
o
w
er
th
a
n
1
0
MH
z,
th
e
m
o
s
t e
f
f
ec
t
s
te
m
s
f
r
o
m
R
-
,
C
-
,
R
+
,
C
+,
R
y
an
d
C
y
(
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
R
x
,
R
w
,
R
T
an
d
C
T
is
ig
n
o
r
e)
.
I
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
ese
p
ar
asit
ic
ele
m
en
t
s
,
th
e
t
h
r
ee
v
o
ltag
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
V
H
P
1
,
V
L
P
1
a
n
d
V
BP1
)
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
esen
ted
b
iq
u
ad
f
ilter
r
ea
lize
d
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
a)
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
as
(
1
1
)
.
*
*
*
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
1
2
1
*
()
y
y
y
HP
in
G
C
G
C
G
G
ss
C
C
C
C
V
V
Ds
;
12
*
*
*
1
1
2
*
()
mm
LP
in
gg
V
C
C
V
Ds
;
21
2
*
*
*
*
1
1
2
2
*
()
my
m
BP
in
Kg
G
gK
s
V
C
C
C
V
Ds
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
*2
*
*
*
*
1
2
1
2
3
()
y
m
y
m
m
m
y
G
C
G
C
K
g
C
G
G
g
g
K
g
G
D
s
s
s
C
C
C
C
(
1
2
)
*
1
1
1
y
C
C
C
,
*
2
2
2
1
y
C
C
C
C
,
1
1
1
y
y
G
R
an
d
*
2
21
11
y
G
RR
.
Fro
m
(
1
2
)
,
th
e
n
o
n
-
id
ea
l
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
eu
n
c
y
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilt
er
b
ec
o
m
e
;
*
1
2
1
2
2
1
*
01
**
12
3
y
m
m
m
y
G
G
g
g
K
g
G
CC
an
d
*
*
*
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
*
1
*
*
*
*
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
y
m
m
m
y
ym
C
C
G
G
g
g
K
g
G
Q
G
C
G
C
K
g
C
(
1
3
)
I
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
p
ar
as
it
ic
ele
m
en
t
s
,
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
v
o
ltag
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
V
H
P
2
,
V
L
P2
an
d
V
B
P
2
)
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
esen
ted
b
iq
u
ad
f
ilter
r
ea
lized
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
as
(
1
4
)
.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
1
2
2
**
3
33
()
yy
HP
in
G
C
G
C
G
G
s
s
C
C
C
C
V
V
Ds
;
12
*
*
*
*
*
2
1
2
**
3
()
mm
LP
in
gg
V
C
C
V
Ds
;
12
1
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2
1
2
1
**
33
()
my
m
BP
in
Kg
G
Kg
s
V
C
C
C
V
Ds
(
1
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
On
e
in
p
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
th
r
ee
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
u
n
ivers
a
l b
iq
u
a
d
filt
ers
w
it
h
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
.
.
.
(
Ma
y
P
h
u
P
w
in
t W
a
i)
2967
w
h
er
e
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
**
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
*
*
2
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
1
2
3
3
()
33
ym
y
m
y
m
m
G
C
G
C
K
g
C
G
G
K
g
G
g
g
D
s
s
s
C
C
C
C
(
1
5
)
**
1
1
1
2
y
C
C
C
C
,
**
2
2
2
y
C
C
C
,
**
1
12
11
y
G
RR
an
d
2
2
1
y
y
G
R
.
Fro
m
(
1
5
)
,
th
e
non
-
id
ea
l
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
eu
n
c
y
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
b
ec
o
m
e
;
**
1
2
1
2
1
2
*
02
*
*
*
*
12
3
3
y
m
y
m
m
G
G
K
g
G
g
g
CC
an
d
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
*
2
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
(
3
)
3
(
)
y
m
m
m
y
ym
C
C
G
G
g
g
K
g
G
Q
G
C
G
C
K
g
C
(
1
6
)
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
T
o
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
in
g
d
esig
n
,
th
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
ali
t
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
cir
cu
it
s
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
w
a
s
test
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
P
SP
I
C
E
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
g
es
w
er
e
V
CC
=
-
V
EE
=
5
V.
Fo
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
,
t
h
e
b
ias
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
a
s
s
et
to
I
B1
=
I
B2
=1
2
3
.
5
μ
A
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
p
as
s
i
v
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
as
R
1
=
R
2
=
R
3
=
R
4
=
R
5
=
1
k
Ω
,
C
1
=1
n
F
an
d
C
2
=1
0
n
F.
U
s
in
g
ab
o
v
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
d
ev
ice
v
al
u
es,
t
h
e
ca
lcu
late
d
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
f
r
o
m
(
5
)
is
o
b
tain
ed
as
f
01
=1
0
7
.
6
6
k
Hz,
Q
1
=
2
.
7
3
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
as
f
01
=1
0
5
.
6
8
2
k
Hz,
Q
1
=2
.
8
2
.
T
h
e
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
s
i
m
u
la
te
d
f
01
is
1
.
8
4
%,
Q
1
is
3
.
2
9
%.
T
h
er
e
s
im
u
lated
f
ilter
i
n
g
r
esp
o
n
s
es
of
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
ese
n
ted
v
er
s
atile
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
f
ilt
er
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
-
p
ass
f
ilter
i
n
g
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
r
esis
to
r
R
(
R
1
=
R
2
=
R
3
=
R
)
in
s
i
m
m
i
n
g
c
ir
cu
i
t
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
ese
n
ted
b
iq
u
ad
f
ilter
is
i
llu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
th
is
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
,
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
R
w
er
e
s
et
to
0
.
2
k
Ω
,
0
.
6
k
Ω
an
d
5
k
Ω
.
I
t
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
w
i
th
lo
w
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
esi
s
to
r
(
R
)
,
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ilter
is
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
at
h
i
g
h
v
al
u
e
o
f
R
as e
x
p
ec
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
asit
ic
ef
f
ec
t.
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
z
)
1
.
0
k
1
0
k
1
0
0
k
1
.
0
M
1
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F
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Fig
u
r
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.
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m
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r
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n
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g
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u
r
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n
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r
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t v
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g
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n
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g
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f
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n
d
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.
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at
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r
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r
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f
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ias
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r
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d
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e
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u
r
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6
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icate
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th
at
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n
atu
r
al
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r
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en
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n
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n
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tr
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icall
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y
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e
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w
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h
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n
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ta
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ted
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d
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lated
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ith
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ir
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ts
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o
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ig
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at
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I
t
ca
n
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e
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ee
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f
r
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Fi
g
u
r
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9
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th
e
lin
ea
r
it
y
o
f
th
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s
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o
n
d
p
r
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ted
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I
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:
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8
8
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&
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n
g
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l.
11
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a
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n
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1
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1
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1
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40
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20
0
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R
5
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5
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u
r
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h
e
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ai
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r
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r
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h
e
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er
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g
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r
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h
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r
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t v
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5
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in
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r
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h
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n
t
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ain
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n
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u
t
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it
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XP
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R
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o
r
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ilter
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8708
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.
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2969
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I
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CO
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r
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[
11]
VD
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[
12]
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,
AP
3
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
[
13]
VD
DD
A
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
2
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
[
14]
F
DC
C
I
I
1
-
No
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
BR
0
No
No
No
No
[
15]
F
DC
C
I
I
1
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
No
No
Ye
s
No
[
16]
F
DC
C
I
I
1
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
BR
0
No
No
Ye
s
No
[
17]
F
DC
C
I
I
1
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
BR
0
Ye
s
No
No
No
[
18]
I
-
C
B
&
VC
I
I
4
-
No
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
3
No
No
No
No
[
19]
DD
C
C
3
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
1
No
No
Ye
s
No
[
20]
DD
C
C
1
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
BR
0
No
No
No
No
[
21]
DD
C
C
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
No
No
Ye
s
No
[
22]
DD
C
C
3
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
No
No
Ye
s
No
[
23]
DD
C
C
3
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
0
No
No
Ye
s
No
[
24]
DD
C
C
3
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
No
No
Ye
s
No
[
25]
DD
C
C
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
Ye
s
No
No
No
[
26]
DD
C
C
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
0
Ye
s
No
No
No
[
27]
DD
C
C
&
DO
-
I
C
I
I
1+
1
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
BR
0
Ye
s
No
Ye
s
No
[
28]
DV
C
C
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
Ye
s
No
No
No
[
29]
DV
C
C
1
-
No
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
No
No
No
No
[
30]
DV
C
C
3
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
No
No
Ye
s
No
[
31]
DV
C
C
3
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
Ye
s
No
Ye
s
No
[
32]
C
C
I
I
4
4
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
Ye
s
No
No
Ye
s
[
33]
C
C
I
I
4
4
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
Ye
s
No
No
Ye
s
[
34]
C
C
I
I
4
7
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
Ye
s
No
No
Ye
s
[
35]
VD
-
DI
B
A
2
4
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
2
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
[
36]
I
C
C
I
I
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
0
No
No
No
No
[
37]
VD
T
A
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
B
P
0
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
[
38]
VD
T
A
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
No
[
39]
DD
C
C
T
A
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
No
[
40]
DD
C
C
T
A
2
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
[
41]
DD
C
C
T
A
1
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
0
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
[
42]
C
C
C
C
T
A
1
-
No
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
BR
0
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
No
[
43]
DD
C
C
&
OT
A
1+
1
-
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
0
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
[
44]
OT
A
7
7
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
BR
0
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
[
45]
OT
A
5
5
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
0
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
[
46]
OT
A
8
8
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
,
B
R
,
AP
0
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
[
47]
L
T
1
228
2
2
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
2
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
F
ig
ur
e
2(
a
)
L
T
1
228
2
2
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
2
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
F
igur
e
2(
b)
L
T
1
228
2
2
Ye
s
L
P
,
HP,
B
P
2
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
Ye
s
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
s
w
as s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Kin
g
Mo
n
g
k
u
t
’
s
I
n
s
tit
u
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
L
ad
k
r
ab
an
g
(
KM
I
T
L
)
.
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