Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 2
,
A
p
r
il
201
6, p
p
.
68
2
~
68
9
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
2.8
372
6
82
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Compon
ents and Analysis
Meth
od of Ent
erprise Resource
Planning Requirements in Small and Medium Enterprises
Y
o
u
s
e
f
K
h
a
l
ee
l,
A
n
m
a
r Abu
h
a
md
ah
,
M
u
t
a
z A
b
u
Sa
ra
,
Ba
s
s
a
m
A
l
-
T
am
im
i
Department o
f
I
n
formation S
y
s
t
ems, Colleg
e
of
Scie
nce
and Co
mputer Engin
eer
ing,
Taib
ah Univ
ersity
,
Medina, Saudi Arabia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
J
u
n 16, 2015
Rev
i
sed
No
v
18
, 20
15
Accepted Dec 11, 2015
With the f
a
st
development of
info
rmation technologies
and
enterprise
software,
Enter
p
rise Resource Pla
nning (
E
R
P
) s
y
stems are increasingly
adopted b
y
more small and medium ente
rprises (SMEs). Based on this trend,
it is necessar
y
to develop
ERP s
y
stems
in a m
a
nner tha
t
m
eets
and fits th
e
SMEs requirements and needs.
This pa
per prop
oses conceptual components
of ERP requir
e
ments that
are r
e
quired
for gen
e
rating
ERP s
y
stem functions.
In addition
,
i
t
proposes an E
R
P requirem
e
nt
s anal
y
s
is m
e
th
od for ERP
s
y
stem dev
e
lop
m
ents in order
to produce th
e p
r
oper ERP s
y
stem functions
for SMEs. The advantag
e of
this analy
s
is method is th
at it is eas
y
to analy
z
e
and int
e
gra
t
e t
h
e s
p
eci
al r
e
q
u
irem
ents
of t
h
e ERP
dev
e
l
opm
ent for
distinguishing a sub-sector of SMEs.
In this paper, b
y
an
aly
z
ing the
components of requirements
an
d the re
lationship of the busin
ess process
modelling, s
e
ver
a
l basic con
cep
ts are
giv
e
n and
the method of
the process
anal
ysis and
m
o
delling
is also ex
pressed.
Keyword:
An
alysis m
e
th
o
d
Business
proce
sses
ERP
SMEs
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Yo
use
f
Khalee
l,
C
o
l
l
e
ge
of
Sci
e
nce a
n
d
C
o
m
put
e
r
E
ngi
neer
i
ng,
Tai
b
a
h
U
n
i
v
ersi
t
y
,
PO
bo
x
344
, Med
i
n
a
,
KSA.
Tel: +9
625
4203
245
4
Em
a
il: yk
h
a
leel@taib
a
hu
.ed
u
.sa
1.
INTRODUCTION
Enterprise Res
o
urce Planni
ng (ERP) system
s have
l
o
ng
p
r
o
m
ised
strea
m
lin
ed
and effic
i
ent end-to-
end
p
r
ocesses
fo
r e
n
ter
p
rise.
Seve
ral ve
n
d
o
r
s (e.
g
.
S
A
P,
M
i
cros
oft,
O
r
a
c
le) o
ffe
r
ERP
sol
u
tions
(e
.g
.
SA
P
R
/
3, Dy
nam
i
cs, Pe
opl
es
oft
)
f
o
r l
a
rge
an
d
S
M
Es com
p
et
i
ng i
n
va
ri
o
u
s i
n
dust
r
i
e
s.
In
spi
t
e of t
h
e s
u
bst
a
nt
i
a
l
pr
om
i
s
e of ER
P sy
st
em
s, ER
P im
pl
em
ent
a
ti
on e
f
f
o
rt
s
hav
e
onl
y
see
n
m
i
xed
res
u
l
t
s
. Th
e l
ack o
f
succ
ess i
n
im
pl
em
ent
i
ng ER
P sy
st
em
s has
been
d
u
e t
o
di
ffe
rent
rea
s
on
s i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
pr
o
j
ect
s bei
n
g
l
a
t
e
or o
v
er
b
u
d
g
et
,
trou
b
l
e during i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tat
i
o
n, issu
es
with
th
e ERP sy
s
t
em
s confi
g
rat
i
on, a
n
d pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
wi
t
h
appl
i
cat
i
o
n
in
teg
r
ation
[1
].
R
o
l
l
a
nd an
d
Pra
k
ash [
2
]
n
o
t
e
d t
w
o pot
e
n
t
i
a
l
reasons t
h
at
have
not
been
hi
g
h
l
i
ght
ed i
n
pri
o
r
literatu
re, i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
:
(1
) req
u
i
rem
e
n
t
s analysis co
m
p
o
n
en
ts,
wh
ich
i
n
clud
e
u
s
er req
u
i
rem
e
n
t
s, syste
m
req
u
i
r
em
ent
s
, and
b
u
si
ness
r
e
qui
rem
e
nt
s. (2) T
h
e u
s
e (
o
r
the lack of us
e or ina
p
propriate use) of syste
m
s
devel
opm
ent
m
e
t
hod
ol
o
g
i
e
s,
whi
c
h are u
s
e
d
i
n
co
n
j
u
n
ct
i
o
n wi
t
h
t
h
e c
o
m
ponent
re
qui
rem
e
nt
s t
o
deci
de To
-
B
e
fu
nct
i
onal
r
e
qui
rem
e
nt
s (To-B
e
re
q
u
i
r
em
ent
s
are t
h
e
o
n
e
s to
b
e
satisfi
ed
in
its fu
tu
re fun
c
tion
i
ng
).
Wh
ilst
an ER
P im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on at
t
e
m
p
t i
s
general
l
y
percei
ve
d as
an integratio
n
effo
rt (to bi
n
d
the ERP soft
ware to
th
e en
terprise’s ex
isting
informatio
n
syste
m
s), it essen
tially fo
llows a lif
ecycle from
be
ginning to end and is
lik
ely to
g
a
in
b
e
n
e
fit fro
m
t
h
e
u
s
e of syst
e
m
s d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
en
t m
e
th
o
d
o
l
og
ies.
Th
is research h
i
gh
lig
hts th
e
i
nvest
i
g
at
i
o
n
of t
h
e re
qui
re
m
e
nt
s anal
y
s
i
s
com
pone
nt
s t
h
at
are r
e
q
u
i
r
ed f
o
r
ge
nerat
i
ng ER
P
f
unc
t
i
onal
requ
irem
en
ts. In
ad
d
ition
,
this p
a
p
e
r
p
r
opo
ses a m
e
th
o
d
th
at is ab
le t
o
u
s
e th
e id
en
tified
requ
iremen
ts
com
pone
nts in
order to
produce proper
ERP
syste
m
functions
for SME
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 2, A
p
ri
l
20
16
:
68
2 – 6
8
9
68
3
2.
CU
RR
EN
T STA
T
U
S
O
F
ER
P
SY
S
T
EM
I
N
SM
ES
The technologi
cal issues,
part
icular
l
y
bu
si
ne
ss p
r
oces
ses t
e
chn
o
l
o
gi
es,
pl
a
y
an i
m
port
a
nt
rol
e
i
n
t
h
e
lack
of ER
P sy
ste
m
ad
op
tio
n
[4
],
[3
]. Th
ese
issu
es i
n
d
i
cate
th
at th
e co
m
p
lex
ity an
d non
-co
m
p
a
tib
ilit
y o
f
th
e
of
f-t
he-s
hel
f
E
R
P sy
st
em
s have m
a
de t
h
em
i
n
ap
pr
o
p
ri
at
e f
o
r SM
Es
fu
nct
i
ons
, an
d som
e
of t
h
ese f
u
nc
t
i
ons
were no
t
u
s
ed with
i
n
SMEs area.
Add
ition
a
lly, d
e
v
e
lopin
g
co
m
p
atib
le In
-ho
u
s
e ERP system
s with
th
e
b
u
s
i
n
ess fu
n
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e en
terprise to fu
lfil its sp
ecifi
c
nee
d
s a
n
d re
q
u
i
r
e
m
ent
s
res
u
l
t
s
i
n
a
hi
g
h
de
vel
opm
ent
co
st an
d lon
g
im
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
ti
m
e
[3
], [5
].
Based on extensive analysis for each
of the issues
above,
it was foun
d that the
high cost and long
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n t
i
m
e
of I
n
-
h
ous
e ER
P sy
st
em
devel
o
pm
ent
res
u
l
t
e
d f
r
o
m
t
h
e cust
om
izat
i
on an
d al
i
g
nm
ent
neede
d
.
H
o
we
ver
,
t
h
i
s
hi
gh c
o
st
co
ul
d
be re
duce
d
by
pr
o
v
i
d
i
n
g a cust
om
izi
ng
based
o
n
t
h
e su
b-sect
or
rat
h
e
r
t
h
an
on eac
h
ent
e
r
p
ri
se i
n
di
vi
d
u
al
l
y
. In
ot
her
wo
r
d
s, t
h
e
ent
e
r
p
ri
ses i
n
t
h
e sam
e
sub-sect
o
r
ha
ve si
m
i
l
a
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
pro
d
u
c
t
s
(activ
ities) an
d
are i
m
p
licit
ly sh
arin
g
si
m
i
lar b
u
s
i
n
ess pro
cesses [6
], [7]. Th
erefore, it can
b
e
ded
u
ce
d t
h
at
t
hos
e ent
e
rp
ri
s
e
s are
qual
i
f
i
e
d t
o
s
h
a
r
e ER
P sy
st
em
func
t
i
ons.
He
nce, i
n
o
r
der t
o
de
ri
ve t
h
e
sp
ecification
fo
r su
ccessfu
l
ERP adop
tio
n, it is p
r
op
osed
to
devel
o
p c
u
stom
ized ERP syste
m
s that
m
eet the
needs of t
hose
sub-sect
ors
,
each sepa
rately. According to
Khaleel and Sulaim
an [8] an
d Khaleel et al. [3], it
is not nec
e
ssary for t
h
e SME
s
to a
d
opt t
h
e E
R
P system
s desi
gne
d
fo
r l
a
rg
e scal
e c
o
m
p
anies.
Instead they can
adopt the
customized ERP sys
t
e
m
s that cater
to the
specific
bus
i
n
ess
nee
d
s
of eac
h s
u
b-se
ctor.
Thi
s
resea
r
ch
pr
o
pose
d
a re
q
u
i
r
em
ent
s
anal
y
s
i
s
com
ponen
t
s and sy
st
em
anal
y
s
i
s
m
e
t
hod f
o
r ER
P
sy
st
em
s t
o
pr
o
duce
t
h
e i
n
t
e
n
d
e
d ER
P
sy
st
em
f
unct
i
o
ns
f
o
r e
ach
di
st
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
e
d s
u
b-sect
or
o
f
SM
Es
.
3.
CONCEPT
UAL COMPONENTS
OF ERP
REQUIREMENTS
The
p
u
r
p
ose
of
co
nce
p
t
u
al
com
p
o
n
ent
s
i
s
t
o
ge
nerat
e
ER
P f
u
nct
i
ona
l
req
u
i
r
em
ent
s
,
based
o
n
im
pro
v
i
n
g t
h
e
cur
r
ent
busi
n
es
s pr
ocesses a
n
d al
i
gni
ng ER
P sy
st
em
funct
i
ons
. I
n
o
r
de
r t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce t
h
e
pr
o
p
er
ERP system
requi
rem
e
nts fitt the targ
eted busi
n
ess, t
h
is
pape
r propos
ed conce
p
tual
com
pone
nts
of ERP
whic
h is
utilized t
h
ree
com
ponents t
h
at ha
d a
vita
l
role in ge
ne
rating com
p
atible ERP
functional
requirem
ents.
As s
h
own i
n
Fi
gure
1,
each co
m
ponent
repre
s
ents a type
of
requirem
ent.
Fi
gu
re 1.
C
o
nc
ept
u
al
c
o
m
pon
ent
s
of ER
P re
qui
rem
e
nt
s
ana
l
y
s
i
s
3.1.
E
R
P Sys
t
em
Func
tions Based Re
quirements
(Sys
te
m Requireme
nts)
ER
P s
o
ft
wa
re
i
s
m
a
de up
of
m
a
ny
soft
ware
m
odul
es. E
a
c
h
ER
P
s
o
ft
wa
r
e
m
odul
e m
i
mi
cs a m
a
jor
fu
nct
i
o
nal
area
o
f
a
n
or
ga
ni
zat
i
on.
A
bet
t
e
r
u
nde
rst
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
ER
P
m
odu
l
e
s com
pone
nt
s an
d
fu
nct
i
o
n
s
wi
l
l
d
i
rectly h
e
lp in th
e selection
of
ap
propriate ERP
fu
n
c
tion
s
th
at m
eet th
e o
r
g
a
n
i
zation
n
e
ed
s an
d requ
iremen
ts
[9]
.
The
pre
v
i
o
us
devel
ope
rs
of
ER
P sy
st
em
s
have
su
g
g
est
e
d t
h
at
,
fo
r t
h
i
s
t
echn
o
l
o
gy
,
we ne
ed t
o
un
de
rst
a
n
d
t
h
e
scope o
f
t
h
e ER
P
m
odul
es
and
have a ba
si
c kno
wl
ed
ge
of h
o
w t
h
ey
i
n
t
e
grat
e an
d
wo
rk
t
oget
h
e
r
.
The
ER
P sy
st
em
funct
i
o
n
s
an
d t
h
e rel
a
t
i
ons
hi
p
s
bet
w
ee
n eac
h
of
t
h
ese
fu
nct
i
ons a
n
d t
h
e
re
st
of a
to
tal en
terp
rise in
tegratio
n syste
m
are in
cluded
in th
e
system
req
u
i
rem
e
n
t
s.
Requireme
nts
Analysis
Compone
n
ts
Cu
rren
t Bu
s
i
n
e
s
s
Pr
oce
sse
s
(
Busine
ss Re
q
uirements
)
ERP S
y
stem
Fu
n
c
tion
s
(S
y
s
tem
Requ
ire
m
ents)
En
terp
ris
e
s
’
Ne
ed
s
an
d
Req
u
i
remen
ts
(User Requir
e
ments)
En
terp
ris
e
Res
o
u
rce
P
l
anning
(
Functional Re
q
uirements
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
A
nal
ysi
s
M
e
t
h
o
d
of
E
n
t
e
r
p
ri
se Res
o
urce
Pl
a
nni
ng
(
E
R
P
)
Requi
reme
n
t
s …
(
Y
ousef
K
hal
eel
)
68
4
3.2. SMEs
Sub-Sec
t
or
Nee
d
s
and Require
ments (User Requirements)
In
or
der t
o
real
i
ze and
wo
rk
wi
t
h
t
h
e i
s
s
u
es
i
n
de
vel
o
pi
n
g
an ER
P i
n
SM
Es, t
h
e ER
P
de
vel
o
pers a
n
d
vendors
s
h
oul
d
unde
rstand t
h
e
needs a
n
d
main char
acte
r
istics of
SME
s
, ass
u
ri
ng the
succes
s
of t
h
e ERP
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n [
10]
.
It
i
s
vi
t
a
l
and com
pul
sory
t
o
un
de
rst
a
nd t
h
e way
i
n
whi
c
h t
h
e SM
Es di
f
f
er f
r
o
m
l
a
rge
or
ga
ni
zat
i
ons
. B
y
unde
rst
a
n
d
i
ng t
h
e c
h
aract
eri
s
t
i
c
of SM
E
s
i
n
t
e
rm
s of
ER
P im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on, i
t
can
l
ead t
o
cho
o
si
ng t
h
e r
i
ght
ER
P sy
st
em
funct
i
o
ns
f
o
r SM
E
s
[
11]
.
The
needs a
n
d t
h
e c
u
r
r
ent
s
i
t
u
at
i
on o
f
SM
Es i
n
t
e
rm
s of ER
P
co
ul
d
be i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
by
co
n
duct
i
n
g
o
n
e
of the
requirem
ents coll
ection techni
ques
such as
in
terv
iews, qu
estio
nn
aires,
or o
b
s
erv
a
tio
ns.
3.3.
Curre
nt
Business Pr
oc
ess Base
d
Requirements
(Business Re
quire
ments
)
Id
en
tifyin
g
a
cu
rren
t bu
si
n
e
ss p
r
o
cess wel
l
will g
i
v
e
a
clear an
d
precise id
ea o
f
As-Is bu
si
n
e
ss
p
r
o
cess and
u
s
e o
f
en
terprise assets,
cap
acity u
tilizatio
n
,
an
d th
e
d
i
fferen
t pro
c
esses cu
rren
tly in
p
l
ace, to
pr
o
duce t
h
e
out
put
s r
e
q
u
i
r
ed. It
can
al
so
prov
id
e i
n
sig
h
t
in
to
app
r
op
riate ERP fun
c
tio
ns that th
eir
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
s
are in
ex
p
e
nsiv
e and
effici
en
t to
redu
ce t
h
e ove
r
all cost
base
with
ou
t
an
y im
p
act o
n
ERP
syste
m
q
u
a
lity
an
d
users satisfactio
n
[1
2
]
. Th
e sign
ifican
ce o
f
d
e
fin
i
ng
curren
t
bu
sin
e
ss
p
r
o
cesses
lies
in
th
e
need
f
o
r
al
i
g
ni
ng
an
d
u
n
d
e
rst
a
ndi
ng
va
ri
o
u
s
b
u
si
nes
s
uni
t
s
an
d
ge
og
rap
h
i
es, h
o
w
t
h
i
n
g
s
cu
rre
nt
l
y
o
p
e
rat
e
,
and t
o
set
t
h
e base by
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
ese pr
ocess
can be devel
o
ped
As- Is
wi
t
h
o
u
t
any
cha
n
ges an
d t
h
e pr
ocess
neede
d
t
o
re-e
ngi
neer
, m
odel
l
e
d t
o
m
eet
t
h
e ER
P
fu
nct
i
o
ns
.
M
a
rne
w
i
c
k a
n
d La
busc
h
a
gne
[1
3]
ha
ve p
r
o
pos
ed ER
P m
odel
co
nsi
s
t
s
o
f
fo
ur c
o
m
pone
nt
s t
h
at
ar
e
im
plem
ented through am
et
hodol
ogy. Figure
2 illustrates t
h
e
inte
gration bet
w
een the c
o
m
pone
nts.
Fi
gu
re 2.
ER
P com
pone
nt
s
m
odel
A cl
ear
m
a
ppi
ng
res
u
l
t
s
, as
can
be see
n
i
n
Tabl
e
1,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
r
pose
d
conce
p
t
u
al
co
m
ponent
s
of
ERP re
quirem
e
n
ts a
n
alysis is com
p
ared t
o
E
R
P m
odel.
Tabl
e
1.
A
ppl
y
i
ng t
h
e ER
P
m
odel
t
o
c
onc
ept
u
al
co
m
p
on
en
ts of
ERP r
e
quirem
ents analysis
E
R
P
m
odel
Conceptual co
m
ponents of E
R
P r
e
quir
e
m
e
nts
analy
s
is
Custo
m
er
m
i
ndset
Enterprises’
Needs
and Requir
e
m
e
nts
(
U
ser Requir
e
m
e
nts)
Sof
t
ware ERP
S
y
ste
m
Func
tions (
S
y
s
te
m
Requir
e
m
e
n
)
Change
m
a
nage
m
e
nt and Pr
ocess flow
Cur
r
e
nt
Business Processes (Business Require
m
e
nts)
4.
ERP REQUIREME
N
TS ANAL
YSIS METHOD
ER
P req
u
i
r
em
ent
s
anal
y
s
i
s
m
e
t
hod ha
s be
en p
r
o
p
o
sed
us
i
ng t
h
e t
h
ree i
d
ent
i
f
i
e
d com
p
o
n
ent
s
of ER
P
req
u
i
r
em
ent
s
(ER
P
sy
st
em
funct
i
o
ns
, cu
rre
nt
b
u
si
ness
pr
ocesses
,
an
d e
n
t
e
r
p
ri
ses
’
nee
d
s an
d re
q
u
i
r
e
m
ent
s
);
this
m
e
thod aim
s
to generat
e
ERP
system
’s functionality a
nd necess
a
ry alternative busi
n
ess
proce
ss that
achi
e
ve t
h
e
de
si
red
o
b
ject
i
v
e
s
of
t
h
e ER
P
sy
st
em
. The F
i
gu
re 3
b
r
i
e
fl
y
desc
ri
bes t
h
e
pr
o
pos
ed a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
m
e
t
hod
o
f
ER
P f
u
n
c
t
i
onal
re
qui
rem
e
nt
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 2, A
p
ri
l
20
16
:
68
2 – 6
8
9
68
5
Figure
3. ERP
requirem
ents analysis m
e
thod
The
p
r
o
p
o
sed
m
e
t
hod i
s
a
sy
st
em
ati
c
ap
pr
oac
h
,
w
h
i
c
h
hel
p
s t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
new
ER
P sy
st
em
fu
nct
i
o
ns, t
h
r
o
ug
h
w
h
i
c
h
a
pr
o
p
er c
o
m
b
i
n
at
i
on am
on
g t
h
e t
h
ree
re
qui
rem
e
nt
s com
pone
nt
s i
s
ens
u
red
,
as
illustrated in F
i
gure 1. F
u
rt
herm
ore, the analysis
m
e
thod
is built on a theory that
integrates the ide
n
tified
requirem
ents to ac
hieve t
h
e
declar
ed objecti
v
e of
the
ER
P syste
m
.
Fi
rst
of al
l
,
t
h
e curre
nt
bu
si
ne
ss pr
ocesses o
f
t
h
e t
h
ree selected enterprises
(c
ou
ld
b
e
m
o
re th
an
th
ree
enterprises) we
re com
p
ared
with each ot
her t
o
find the sim
i
larities a
nd differe
n
ces in
business proce
ss
within
these e
n
terpris
e
s. T
h
e
differe
n
t busi
ness processes within
t
h
e
e
n
terprises
were
analyzed
usin
g a
co
nfi
g
urat
i
o
n
technique. The configuration wa
s
used to m
a
intain
the privacy
of
each e
n
terprise
’s proces
s and
characte
r
istics. Secondly,
the share
d
enterprises
’
busine
ss proce
ss wa
s com
p
ared with the ERP syste
m
fu
nct
i
o
ns t
o
fi
nd t
h
e di
f
f
ere
n
ces [1
4]
. The
out
put
of t
h
i
s
st
ep i
s
t
o
fi
n
d
out
t
w
o ki
nd
s of
busi
n
ess
pr
ocesses
,
whi
c
h are m
a
t
c
hed b
u
si
ness
pro
cess wi
t
h
ER
P funct
i
o
n
s an
d u
n
m
a
tched
bu
si
ness
pro
cesses wi
t
h
ER
P
fu
nct
i
o
n.
The ER
P sy
st
e
m
was im
pl
em
ent
e
d t
o
t
h
e c
u
rre
nt
b
u
si
nes
s
pr
ocess t
h
at
ha
s m
a
t
c
hed wi
t
h
t
h
e ER
P
fu
nct
i
o
ns wi
t
h
out
a
n
y
adj
u
st
m
e
nt
i
n
bot
h
o
f
ER
P sy
st
em
funct
i
o
ns a
nd c
u
r
r
ent
busi
n
ess
pr
ocess t
h
i
s
i
s
due t
o
t
h
e harm
ony
b
e
t
w
een t
h
e ER
P fu
nct
i
o
n an
d
busi
n
ess p
r
oc
ess. In t
h
is case the busi
n
ess
processes a
r
e called
best
pract
i
ces
pr
ocesses
.
The
ER
P cust
om
izat
i
on an
d b
u
s
i
ness p
r
oces
s r
eengi
neeri
ng t
echni
que
ha
ve
been
id
en
tified
in
ord
e
r to
an
alyze th
e un
m
a
tch
e
d
b
u
s
i
n
e
ss p
r
o
cesses.
Bo
t
h
id
en
tified
req
u
irem
en
ts
m
o
d
e
llin
g
t
echni
q
u
es
we
r
e
ch
ose
n
based
o
n
t
h
e
nee
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
ent
e
r
p
ri
se
s.
Fin
a
lly, all o
f
t
h
e id
en
tified
ERP syste
m
requ
irem
en
ts were m
a
tch
e
d
an
d in
teg
r
ated
to
p
r
ov
id
e
n
e
w
ERP syste
m
f
u
n
c
tion
s
(fu
n
c
tio
n
a
l requ
iremen
ts) to
ach
i
e
ve the ente
rprises’ nee
d
s a
nd
requirem
ents. The
following is a
brief disc
ussi
on
on each of t
h
e ERP
functional requirem
ents analysis steps
.
4.1.
Bu
siness Process
Cl
assi
ficati
on (S
tep One)
This step aims to classify th
e busine
ss proces
ses, as it helps
to
d
e
fi
n
e
th
e su
itab
l
e an
alysis
techniques for each busi
n
ess process
.
Based
on
analyz
ing the doc
u
m
e
nt-based re
searc
h
for c
u
rre
n
t busi
nes
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
A
nal
ysi
s
M
e
t
h
o
d
of
E
n
t
e
r
p
ri
se Res
o
urce
Pl
a
nni
ng
(
E
R
P
)
Requi
reme
n
t
s …
(
Y
ousef
K
hal
eel
)
68
6
pr
ocess co
n
d
u
c
t
e
d earl
i
e
r, t
h
e resul
t
s
of cl
assi
fi
cat
i
ons h
a
ve sh
owe
d
t
w
o t
y
pes o
f
b
u
si
ness
pr
oces
ses as
fo
llows:
(1) Sh
ared
bu
sin
e
ss pro
cesses
wh
i
c
h
in
tend
ed to
the
business
processes
we
re
found to be
s
i
m
i
lar,
sh
ared
with
in all en
terprises i
n
th
e selected
SMEs su
b
-
sect
or
.
(2)
S
p
eci
fi
c
b
u
si
ness
p
r
oce
sses:
w
h
i
c
h i
n
t
e
nde
d
to
th
e bu
sin
e
ss pr
o
c
esses
wer
e
fou
nd to
be ex
cl
u
s
iv
e
a
n
d lim
ited to s
p
ecific e
n
terprises. T
h
ere
f
ore
,
s
u
ch
busi
n
ess
pr
oce
sses can
not
be
st
anda
rdi
z
e
d
f
o
r
ot
her e
n
t
e
r
p
ri
ses, i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g t
h
e ent
e
r
p
ri
ses wi
t
h
i
n
t
h
e s
e
l
ect
ed
sub-sect
or.
4.
2.
C
o
mp
ari
s
on
of
Sh
ared
B
u
si
ness Pr
oc
esses (
S
tep
T
w
o)
The
targeted business proce
s
ses
in
this step of a
n
alysis are the pr
oces
se
s that are sim
ilar across all
en
terp
rises
with
in
t
h
e selected
su
b-sector.
Dev
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
suitab
l
e ERP syste
m
fu
n
c
tion
s
d
o
e
s no
t in
evitab
l
y
m
ean rede
fi
ni
n
g
an
o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
on'
s b
u
si
ne
ss p
r
oces
ses. T
h
e
ER
P sy
st
em
can be
use
d
t
o
i
m
prove t
h
e e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
busi
n
ess
pr
oce
ss;
neve
rt
hel
e
s
s
, an
out
ri
g
h
t
r
e
-en
g
i
n
ee
ri
n
g
m
i
ght
be p
r
eci
sel
y
neede
d
i
n
som
e
cases, when t
h
e
cur
r
ent
b
u
si
nes
s
p
r
oce
sses
d
o
not
m
a
t
c
h wi
t
h
ER
P
fu
nct
i
o
ns
[
15]
,
[
16]
, t
h
e
s
e b
u
si
ne
ss
pr
o
cesses are
as c
a
l
l
e
d
uni
que
pr
oces
ses [1
6]
. B
a
sed o
n
t
h
e abo
v
e
t
h
e curre
nt
busi
n
ess p
r
oce
ss (As
-Is b
u
si
ness p
r
oce
ss)
of t
h
e
sel
ect
ed ent
e
r
p
ri
ses was
com
p
are
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e
ER
P sy
st
em
com
pone
nt
s a
nd
f
unct
i
o
ns a
s
defi
ne
d i
n
st
anda
r
d
ERP system
fu
n
c
tio
ns, t
o
i
d
en
tify wh
ich busin
ess
p
r
o
ces
s
e
s m
a
t
c
hed o
r
di
d
n
o
t
m
a
t
c
h wi
t
h
ER
P
f
u
nc
t
i
ons
.
The
o
u
t
p
ut
of
t
h
e c
o
m
p
ari
s
o
n
st
ep i
s
t
w
o
t
y
p
e
s o
f
s
h
a
r
ed
bu
si
ness
pr
ocess
as f
o
l
l
o
wi
n
g
:
(
1
)
M
a
t
c
he
d
bu
si
nes
s
p
r
o
cess (b
est
p
r
actice) wh
ich
is
bu
sin
e
ss
p
r
o
cesses th
at
are
m
a
tch
e
d
wi
th
th
e ERP syste
m
fun
c
tio
n
s
; th
ese
busi
n
ess
pr
oce
sses are ada
p
t
e
d t
o
an ER
P
sy
st
em
wi
t
hout
m
odi
fi
cat
i
on. (
2
)
U
n
m
a
t
c
hed
b
u
si
ness
pr
ocess
(unique
proces
s) these a
r
e
processes t
h
at di
d not m
a
tch
with
th
e fu
n
c
ti
on
s
o
f
t
h
e ERP syste
m
. In
th
i
s
case,
som
e
busi
n
ess
pr
ocesses
nee
d
t
o
be en
ha
n
ced an
d
opt
i
m
i
zed i
n
o
r
der t
o
m
eet
t
h
e st
anda
r
d
ER
P m
o
d
u
l
e
s
(B
usi
n
ess
Pr
oc
esses R
e
e
ngi
ne
eri
n
g).
Whi
l
e
i
n
t
h
e
ot
he
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
t
echni
q
u
e
,
t
h
e
u
n
m
a
t
c
hed
bu
si
ness
p
r
o
cesses
rem
a
in uncha
n
g
ed
. I
n
stead o
f
re-de
s
ig
ning these proce
sses
,
the ERP syste
m
funct
i
o
ns a
r
e cust
om
i
zed t
o
fi
t
these busi
n
ess processes
.
The
fol
l
o
wi
n
g
st
eps e
x
pl
ai
n
t
h
e act
i
o
n
s
t
a
k
e
n
fo
r t
h
e
m
a
tched
an
d
u
n
m
a
t
c
hed
b
u
si
nes
s
p
r
oces
ses
,
al
t
hou
g
h
t
h
ere
are
no
speci
fi
c
m
odi
fi
cat
i
ons t
o
be i
m
posed
f
o
r
t
h
e m
a
t
c
hed
b
u
si
ness
pr
oce
sses.
4.3. Matc
hed Business
Pr
oc
e
sses Anal
ysis
(Step Three)
Thi
s
gr
ou
p c
o
nsi
s
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ocess,
w
h
i
c
h
h
a
s m
a
t
c
hed
wi
t
h
best
p
r
act
i
ces st
an
dar
d
s
of
ER
P. T
h
ese
pr
ocesses
ha
ve
been a
d
apt
e
d
t
o
ER
P st
an
da
rd
fu
nct
i
o
ns,
wi
t
h
o
u
t
any
m
odi
fi
cat
i
on i
n
bot
h t
y
pes o
f
pr
ocess
an
d ERP
standar
d
fu
n
c
tion
s
.
4.4.
Unm
a
tche
d Business
Pr
ocesses
(Unique Pr
o
cesses
)
Analysis and
I
m
provements (Ste
p
F
o
ur
)
Th
e en
terp
rise
en
ab
les to
i
d
en
tify th
e
ERP
fun
c
tion
s
that
satisfies stated un
iqu
e
bu
sin
e
ss pro
cesses
t
h
at
d
o
n
o
t
ne
cessari
l
y
m
a
t
c
h a
n
y
p
r
e
d
efi
n
ed
‘‘
best
pract
i
ce’’ s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n,
som
e
of
uni
q
u
e
b
u
si
nes
s
pr
o
cesses
t
h
at
are
not
sat
i
sfi
e
d
by
t
h
e sy
st
em
[16]
. F
o
r
t
h
i
s
st
udy
we
h
a
ve
pr
op
ose
d
t
w
o t
e
c
h
ni
q
u
es
of a
n
al
y
s
i
s
, i
n
or
der
to
m
a
tch
th
e specificatio
n
s
o
f
th
e un
iqu
e
bu
si
n
e
ss
p
r
o
cess en
terp
rises
with ERP system
c
a
p
a
b
ilities.
The fi
r
s
t
ado
p
t
e
d t
ech
ni
q
u
e
i
s
cust
om
i
z
at
i
on o
f
ER
P
m
odul
es. T
h
e cust
om
i
zat
ion st
rat
e
gy
conce
n
trates on
the backi
ng of
a
c
o
up
l
e
o
f
basi
c b
u
si
nes
s
pr
ocesses
,
w
h
i
c
h includes a
few busine
ss units. The
in
trodu
cto
r
y cu
sto
m
izatio
n
of th
e ERP
syste
m
is co
n
s
tr
ai
n
e
d
t
o
fun
c
tion
a
lity to
fit th
ese bu
sin
e
ss pro
cesses
wi
t
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
i
m
provem
e
nt
s or m
odi
fi
cat
i
o
n o
n
t
h
ese cu
r
r
ent
pr
ocesses
.
The sec
o
nd t
echni
que
i
s
b
u
s
i
n
ess
pr
ocesses
rede
si
gn
. Thi
s
anal
y
s
i
s
t
echni
q
u
e i
s
appl
i
e
d t
o
t
h
e uni
que
busi
n
ess pr
ocesses t
h
at
are n
o
t
sat
i
s
fi
e
d
b
y
th
e ERP
syste
m
, an
d
canno
t cu
st
o
m
ize t
h
e en
tire ERP
sy
ste
m
fu
n
c
tion
s
, t
o
m
a
tch
with
it; in
th
is case,
we
h
a
v
e
to
red
e
sign
th
ese pro
cesses, in
ord
e
r to
match
with
ER
P best
practices. Bot
h
a
n
alysis techniques
us
ed to
defi
ne t
h
e
ne
w
ER
P sy
st
em
funct
i
o
n
s
(
f
unct
i
onal
re
qui
rem
e
nt
s)
we
re
bri
e
fl
y
descri
bed
i
n
next
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
st
ep.
4.
4.
1.
E
R
P
F
uncti
ons
Cus
t
omi
z
ati
o
n
The cr
eat
i
ng
of a
n
ER
P
sy
st
em
i
n
cl
udes
a pr
oce
d
u
r
e
of c
u
st
om
i
z
i
ng t
h
e
ge
neri
c
packa
g
e a
n
d
ad
ju
sting
it t
o
th
e
p
a
rticu
l
ar n
e
ed
s
of th
e en
terp
rise
[14
]
. Im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e system's fun
c
tion
a
lity t
h
rou
gh
cust
om
i
zat
i
on, w
h
i
l
e
u
ndesi
rabl
e,
i
s
som
e
of
t
h
e t
i
m
e
obl
i
g
e
d
[
17]
.
The
b
u
si
ness
pr
ocess al
i
g
n
m
ent
i
s
i
n
fl
ue
nce
d
by
di
ffe
re
nt
en
vi
r
onm
ent
a
l
pers
pect
i
v
es,
f
o
r e
x
am
pl
e, exi
s
t
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
rm
ati
o
n
sy
st
em
s prece
di
n
g
t
h
e
ER
P us
age
an
d
o
r
ga
ni
zat
i
onal
cul
t
u
re [
1
6]
.
Th
is stud
y is
m
o
tiv
ated
b
y
th
e n
ecessitate to
p
r
ov
ide su
pp
ort for th
e alig
n
m
en
t p
r
o
cess i
n
enterprises,
which busines
s
processes i
n
clude uni
que
pr
oce
sses (unm
atched with t
h
e ERP
syste
m
s functions
).
Su
ch
en
terprises d
o
n
o
t
n
e
cessarily wish to
freq
u
e
n
tly stan
d
a
rd
ize all th
eir p
r
ocesses du
e to ERP
im
ple
m
entatio
n. Comm
on tools that su
pport the alignm
ent process re
fer to
prede
f
ine
d
“
b
est practice”
m
odels
[1
6]
, an
d t
h
e
r
efo
r
e d
o
not
sup
p
o
rt
t
h
e
n
eeds o
f
t
h
ese
ent
e
rp
ri
ses.
Prese
r
vi
ng t
h
e
uni
que
pr
oce
sses o
f
en
terp
rises m
a
y requ
ire th
ese en
terp
rises to
mak
e
so
ft
ware cu
sto
m
izatio
n
s
in
th
e ERP syste
m
an
d
exp
l
o
it the
b
e
n
e
fits
of
cu
st
o
m
iza
tio
n
s
in term
s o
f
fitting
th
e en
terp
rises’
b
u
s
i
n
ess
pro
c
esses,,
avo
i
d
i
ng
th
e h
i
g
h
co
st of a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E V
o
l
.
6, No
. 2, A
p
ri
l
20
16
:
68
2 – 6
8
9
68
7
new process design or
“
b
e
s
t
practice”
m
odel while
tot
a
lly ignori
ng
the existin
g unique process
[17].
Neve
rt
hel
e
ss
, t
h
e f
u
nct
i
onal
i
t
y
of ER
P
sy
st
em
i
n
m
o
st
cas
es is suf
f
i
cien
tl
y r
i
ch
an
d
f
it of
supp
or
ting
bu
sin
e
ss
processes
that
are
not i
n
clude
d i
n
the
“'
best pr
actice” solutions
[16]. Such a methodol
ogy m
a
tches
Ch
aracteristics o
f
th
e en
terp
ri
se requ
irem
en
ts with
a
m
o
d
e
l, in
d
i
catin
g
th
e
ERP syste
m
ab
ilit
ies. Th
is requ
ires
th
e m
o
d
e
l o
f
t
h
e ERP system ab
ilities, to
d
e
m
o
n
s
trate th
e who
l
e ex
ten
t
of op
tion
s
av
ailab
l
e in
the ERP
syste
m
, which
e
m
powe
r
s m
a
tching
w
ith
the en
terp
rise requirem
e
n
t
s.
The
need
fo
r
appl
y
i
n
g
cu
st
o
m
ER
P
m
odul
es has em
erge
d beca
use
of t
h
e be
ne
fi
t
s
of
f
e
red
by
t
h
e
cust
om
i
zat
i
on, t
h
ese
bene
fi
t
s
m
eet
t
h
e SM
Es nee
d
s as
fol
l
ows:
(1
)
dev
e
l
opi
ng
u
n
c
o
m
p
li
cat
ed ER
P f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
th
at fit th
e
o
r
gan
i
zatio
n’s
b
u
sin
e
ss
p
r
o
cess, (2
) co
m
p
atib
le an
d ad
equ
a
te
ERP fu
n
c
tion
s
, and
(3
) low co
st and
ti
m
e
o
f
i
m
p
l
emen
tatio
n
,
where th
at customizatio
n
will sh
orten
t
h
e bu
si
n
e
ss
p
r
o
cesses re-d
esign
as
m
u
ch
as
pos
si
bl
e,
w
h
i
c
h
req
u
i
r
e t
i
m
e and
hi
gh
co
st
[
7
]
.
4.
4.
2.
B
u
si
nes
s
Proce
ss
Al
i
g
nment
a
nd
Re
desi
gn
Im
pl
em
ent
i
ng
an ER
P sy
st
e
m
does
not
n
ecessari
l
y
m
e
an
rede
fi
ni
ng
a
n
or
ga
ni
zat
i
o
n
'
s busi
n
e
ss
pr
ocesses
.
T
h
e
ER
P Sy
st
em
can be
use
d
t
o
enha
nce a
n
d
opt
i
m
i
ze t
h
e exi
s
t
i
ng
b
u
si
nes
s
pr
ocess
[
14]
,
[1
5]
,
[1
8]
;
h
o
we
ver
,
an
out
ri
g
h
t
r
e
-en
g
i
n
ee
ri
n
g
m
i
ght
be
nee
d
ed in s
o
m
e
cases. Precisely, when t
h
e c
u
rrent
busi
n
ess
pr
oce
ss d
o
es
not
m
a
t
c
h wi
t
h
ER
P
fu
nct
i
o
ns, t
h
e
bu
si
ness
p
r
oc
ess i
s
u
n
i
q
ue t
o
t
h
e e
n
t
e
r
p
ri
s
e
[1
4]
.
Red
e
sign
ing
th
e un
iqu
e
busin
ess pro
cess
m
a
y req
u
i
re th
ese en
terprises to
tak
e
th
e risk
s
o
f
lo
ng
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n t
i
m
e and
hi
g
h
c
o
st
f
o
r c
h
an
ge
pr
ocesses
[
1
8]
.
Due t
o
the
risks of t
h
e re
desi
gn
practice, re
design is
co
nsi
d
ere
d
as a l
a
st
choi
ce t
o
be t
a
ken
,
i
n
or
der
t
o
m
a
t
c
h t
h
e uni
q
u
e b
u
si
ness
pr
ocess
of
ent
e
rp
ri
ses wi
t
h
a
st
anda
rd
ER
P
fu
nct
i
o
n. T
h
e
r
ef
ore
,
t
h
e
bu
s
i
ness
pr
ocess
re
desi
gn
i
s
per
f
o
r
m
e
d
fo
r
uni
q
u
e
b
u
si
ness
pr
oces
ses t
h
at
d
o
not
m
eet
t
h
e st
an
d
a
rd
ER
P sy
st
e
m
. As i
t
is also
im
p
o
ssib
l
e to
cu
st
o
m
iz
e th
e en
tire ER
P system
fu
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
to
m
a
tch
th
ese
un
iqu
e
p
r
o
cesses.
4.
5.
Speci
fi
c
B
u
si
ness Pr
oc
esses A
n
al
ysi
s
(S
tep
Fi
ve)
Specific
business processes
a
r
e the
bu
si
ness
p
r
oces
ses t
h
at
vary
am
on
g t
h
e ent
e
r
p
ri
ses a
n
d
ca
nn
ot
be
st
anda
rdi
z
e
d
a
m
ong t
h
e sel
e
ct
ed ent
e
r
p
ri
ses wi
t
h
i
n
s
p
eci
f
i
c SM
Es su
b-s
ect
or. T
h
e c
o
n
f
i
g
urat
i
o
n t
ech
ni
q
u
e
has
bee
n
select
ed to analyze t
h
ese
processe
s.
4.
5.
1.
E
R
P
F
uncti
ons
C
o
nf
i
g
ura
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
f
i
g
uri
ng a
n
ER
P sy
st
em
is l
a
rgel
y
a
m
a
tt
er of
bal
a
nci
n
g t
h
e way
t
h
e
cust
om
er want
s t
h
e sy
st
e
m
to
wo
rk
with
t
h
e way it was
d
e
sign
ed
to
work. The ERP syste
m
s typ
i
cal
l
y
b
u
ild
m
a
n
y
ch
ang
e
ab
le p
a
rameters
t
h
at
m
odi
fy
t
h
e sy
st
em
’s operat
i
o
n
.
Fo
r exa
m
pl
e, an orga
ni
zat
i
on ca
n sel
ect
t
h
e peri
od
of t
i
m
e
for ru
nn
i
n
g
m
a
st
er sche
dul
e com
put
i
n
g,
whi
c
h t
h
ey
ca
n
r
u
n
dai
l
y
,
wee
k
l
y
, o
r
m
ont
hl
y
[1
9]
.
On
t
h
e
ot
he
r
h
a
nd
, a
b
u
si
nes
s
m
a
y
confi
g
u
r
e a sy
st
em
t
o
i
t
s
needs
by
s
e
l
ect
i
ng ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
sy
st
em
com
pone
nts a
n
d
by setting pa
ram
e
ters that allow the
orga
ni
zation t
o
m
odify the system
within the
boundaries
set
by
t
h
e
de
ve
l
ope
rs
of
t
h
e e
n
t
e
r
p
ri
se a
p
pl
i
cat
i
on
[1
9]
.
B
a
sed
on t
h
e a
b
o
v
e
di
scu
ssi
o
n
, t
h
e ER
P c
o
n
f
i
g
urat
i
o
n i
s
a
d
opt
e
d
t
o
de
vel
o
p
fl
exi
b
l
e
an
d
ad
just
a
b
l
e
ERP syste
m
fu
n
c
tio
ns, as it allo
ws each
en
terprise to
se
t the ERP fun
c
tion
s
so
th
at it fits its sp
ecific bu
sin
e
ss
p
r
o
cess, wh
ich is d
i
fferen
t from
o
t
h
e
r en
terprises.
In
add
itio
n, th
e con
f
i
g
uratio
n
h
a
s allowed th
e en
terprises t
o
cho
o
se
t
h
e
nee
d
ed
ER
P
f
unct
i
ons
a
n
d
i
g
no
re
un
nee
d
ed
f
u
nct
i
ons
.
5.
CRE
ATE NE
W ERP SYST
EM
REQUIREMENTS DE
FINITION
As al
l
requi
re
m
e
nt
s have be
en i
d
ent
i
f
i
e
d, t
h
ey
were
t
h
e
n
st
udi
e
d
and
re
vi
ewe
d
bef
o
re t
h
ey
were p
u
t
into a struct
ure according to their
inter-rel
a
tions
hips among the
requir
e
m
ents gathered. T
h
e re
qui
re
m
e
nts
were
re
viewe
d
to elim
inate any redunda
ncies
.
The sy
st
em
requi
rem
e
nt
s can
be ei
t
h
e
r
fu
nct
i
o
nal
o
r
no
n
-
f
unct
i
o
nal
i
n
nat
u
re. A
f
unct
i
o
nal
requ
irem
en
t relates d
i
rectly t
o
a
p
r
o
cess t
h
e syste
m
h
a
s to
p
e
rform
o
r
in
fo
rm
atio
n
it n
eeds to
co
n
t
ain
.
An
i
n
f
o
rm
at
i
on-o
r
i
e
nt
ed
fu
nct
i
o
nal
re
q
u
i
r
em
ent
w
o
ul
d
be
t
h
at
, t
h
e
sy
st
em
m
u
st
i
n
cl
ude
[
13]
.
F
u
n
c
t
i
onal
req
u
i
r
em
ent
s
fl
ow di
rect
l
y
i
n
t
o
t
h
e desi
g
n
a
nd m
odel
l
i
ng
pr
ocess (
u
se c
a
ses, p
r
oces
s m
odel
s
, dat
a
m
odel
s
),
because they defi
ne the functions that the syste
m
needs
to have. Non-functio
nal re
qui
rem
e
nts refer to
b
e
h
a
v
i
oural pro
p
e
rties th
at t
h
e syste
m
m
u
st h
a
v
e
, su
ch
as
perfo
r
m
a
n
ce and
u
s
ab
ility.
6.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
AN
D F
U
T
U
RE W
O
R
K
We pre
s
ent
e
d a
m
e
t
hodol
ogy
whi
c
h b
o
l
s
t
e
r
s
t
h
e arran
g
em
ent
of ER
P sy
st
em
funct
i
ons t
o
cust
om
er
req
u
i
r
em
ent
s
. It
com
p
ri
ses
of a
p
r
oce
s
s
m
e
t
hod t
o
s
h
o
w
t
h
e way
ER
P re
qui
re
m
e
nt
s
m
a
t
c
h SM
Es
requirem
ents.
Specifically, t
h
is m
e
thod (s
yste
m
a
tic appr
oach) c
o
nsist
of abst
raction
step to a
b
strac
t
fro
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
A
nal
ysi
s
M
e
t
h
o
d
of
E
n
t
e
r
p
ri
se Res
o
urce
Pl
a
nni
ng
(
E
R
P
)
Requi
reme
n
t
s …
(
Y
ousef
K
hal
eel
)
68
8
ERP requirem
ent analysis com
pone
nts thereby (a
) esta
blishing a post-traceability link bet
w
een
ERP
requ
irem
en
ts an
d
fun
c
tion
a
lity an
d
(b) provid
i
n
g
an
in
ten
t
io
n
a
l v
i
ew
o
f
wh
at th
e ERP
syste
m
can
d
o
.
Th
e
latter is n
ecessary to
supp
ort strateg
i
c d
e
cisio
n
s
ab
ou
t th
e p
a
ram
e
teriz
a
tio
n
of th
e ERP syste
m
to
fit th
e
en
terp
rises
b
u
s
in
ess po
licy. Th
e prev
i
o
us p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s a clear
way to
select t
h
e ERP fu
n
c
ti
o
n
a
lity to
g
e
th
er wi
t
h
i
t
s
vari
ant
s
co
m
p
li
ant
t
o
t
h
e
m
a
t
c
hed req
u
i
r
em
ent
s
. The re
qui
rem
e
nt
s
m
a
t
c
hi
ng
pr
ocess
are pri
n
ci
pal
l
y
ER
P
d
r
i
v
en. Th
is is th
e way
b
y
wh
ich
we can
red
u
c
e th
e
nu
m
b
er of
d
e
v
i
ations fro
m
th
e ERP fu
n
c
tion
a
lity in
a
g
i
v
e
n
installati
o
n
and
also
adv
a
n
t
ag
e
fro
m
t
h
e
fu
ll
p
o
wer of th
e ERP
fun
c
tio
n
a
lity.
The
next
st
e
p
i
n
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
i
s
t
h
e ap
pl
i
cat
i
on
of t
h
e approac
h
to a large sca
l
e i
ndu
st
ri
al
pr
oject
.
Al
s
o
,
we e
xpect
t
o
l
a
y
do
w
n
gui
del
i
n
es
fo
r a
p
pl
y
i
ng t
h
e
ab
st
ract
i
o
n
of
f
unct
i
o
nal
i
t
y
t
o
t
e
nt
at
i
v
e
desi
g
n
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
We
gratefully acknowledge t
h
e assi
sta
n
ce of profess
o
r Riza Sulim
an. Thi
s
resea
r
ch is s
u
pporte
d
by
th
e Dean
sh
ip of Scien
tific Res
earch
in Taiba
h
Uni
v
ersity, KSA.
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S
SN
:
2
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08
IJEC
E V
o
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6, No
. 2, A
p
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68
2 – 6
8
9
68
9
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Yous
ef Khaleel
rece
ived th
e B.S
c
(Com
puter Inform
ation S
y
s
t
em
) from
M
u
'tah Univers
i
t
y
for in
2006. He r
e
ceiv
ed th
e M.Sc (In
form
ation T
ech
n
o
log
y
)
from
Uni
v
ersiti Ut
ara Malay
s
ia in 2008
After doing his
Phd in Universiti Kebangsaan
(
UKM) Malay
s
ia from 2013) with customizing
Enterpr
i
se Resource Planning (
E
RP) Sy
stem Modul
es for SMEs. His research interest in
cludes
s
y
stem
m
odellin
g, s
y
stem
s int
e
g
r
ation
,
software
engine
ering. H
e
work as assistant prof
essor
from 2013 till no
w at
Taibah u
n
iv
ersity
.
Anmar Abuhamdah receiv
e
d th
e BSc. d
e
gree
in Computer Science from Princess Sumay
a
University
fo
r Technolog
y
(PSUT), Jordan in 2003.
He received
the Master deg
r
ee in Scien
ce
(Intel
ligen
t S
y
st
em
) from
Unive
r
siti Utara Malay
s
ia (UUM), Malay
s
i
a
in 2006. After that
, h
e
works
as
a lecturer in Alm
j
d Qualit
y, M
a
la
ys
i
a
.
He receiv
e
d his
P
h
D in Com
puter S
c
ience from
Universiti Kebangsaan Malay
s
i
a
(UKM), Malay
s
ia
in 2011. He works at Jerash Universit
y
,
Jordan from 20
11 to 2012 as assistant professor.
He is curren
t
ly
(2015) workin
g as assistant
professor in the
College o
f
Scie
nce and Com
put
er Engin
eering
,
Taib
ah Universi
t
y
, KSA from
2012. His research interest in
cl
udes Timetab
lin
g scheduling
,
R
eal time
s
y
stem,
Optimization,
and Software development.
Mutaz Abu Sara receiv
e
d the B.Sc from
Saint Pe
tersburg El
ec
tr
otechn
i
ca
l Universit
y
in 2004.
He rec
e
ived
the
M
a
s
t
er of S
c
ie
nce (Da
t
abas
e S
y
s
t
em
s
)
from
S
a
int P
e
t
e
rs
burg E
l
ec
trote
c
hnic
a
l
University
in
20
06. After
workin
g as programmer
at B
i
Soft Com
p
an
y in Sa
int Pe
tersburg. Aft
e
r
doing Phd in
Saint Petersbur
g Electro
technical
University
from 2007)
with Research and
Development of
Integrated Da
tabase Circu
it Components for
CAD
Schematic, His research
inter
e
st in
cludes
Datab
a
se S
y
st
e
m
s, Real
Tim
e
S
y
ste
m
,
Effe
ctive
n
e
ss of De
sign.
He
works a
s
assistant prof
essor from 2011 till
now at Taibah
University
.
Bas
s
a
m
Naji AL-Tam
im
i rec
e
i
v
ed the BS
c
.
degree
in Com
puter S
c
i
e
nce fro
m
Univers
i
t
y
of
Science and Technolog
y
,
Yemen in June 2005 an
d
Master degree
in Distributed C
o
mputing and
Networks from
Universiti S
a
ins Mala
y
s
ia (US
M
),
P
u
lau P
e
nang, Mala
y
s
ia in 200
9. He receiv
e
d
his PhD in Network Securit
y
fro
m
Universiti Sa
ins Malay
s
i
a
(USM), in 2013. Since Septem
ber
2014, he h
a
s been an assistan
t p
r
ofessor in the
College of Science and
Computer Engin
eer
ing,
Taib
ah Universi
t
y
, KSA. His main rese
arch in
te
res
t
s
includ
e Com
puter
Networks, Information
Security
, Wir
e
less & Mobile Communications,
Cloud computing infrastructur
e and services,
Network P
e
rfor
m
ance
and M
e
as
urem
ents
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.