Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
Vol
.
6
,
No
. 3,
J
une
2
0
1
6
,
pp
. 90
9~
91
4
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
3.1
027
1
9
09
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
WhatsApp, Viber and Telegram: wh
ich is the Best for Instant
Messaging?
Tole Su
tikn
o
1
,
Lina
Hand
ayani
2
, Deris
Sti
a
wan
3
, Munawa
r Ag
us R
i
ya
di
4
, Im
am
Much Ib
nu
Sub
roto
5
1
Department of Electrical
Eng
i
n
eering
,
Un
iv
ersitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yog
y
ak
arta, I
ndonesia
2
Faculty
of Public Health
, Univ
er
sitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yog
y
akar
ta, Indon
esia
3
Department of Computer
Engin
eering
,
Un
iv
ersitas Sriwijay
a
, Pa
lembang, Indon
esia
4
Department of Electrical
Eng
i
n
eering
,
Univ
ersitas Diponegoro
,
Semarang, Indo
nesia
5
Department
of I
n
formatics Eng
i
neering
,
Univ
ersitas Islam Sultan
A
gung, Semarang, Indonesia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Feb 2, 2016
Rev
i
sed
May 13
, 20
16
Accepted
May 26, 2016
There
ar
e m
a
n
y
free
ins
t
ant
m
e
s
s
e
ngers
av
ai
labl
e
now which
allo
w people
t
o
communicate with friends with
texts, phone
calls
, videos, b
y
sh
ar
ing files, in
group or not, and to maintain
contact wi
th th
em even in
ternationally
.
Bu
t
only
v
e
r
y
f
e
w of instant messengers ha
ve
gain
ed popularity
and
r
ecognition.
Recen
t studies have shown that the m
o
st popular instan
t m
e
ssengers are
WhatsApp, Viber and Telegram. F
acebook acquired WhatsApp due to its
huge number of
users. Viber is
anot
her
messenger with man
y
integr
ated
featur
es th
at
allow for phone calls and
send text messages for fr
ee, and
lik
e
WhatsApp there is no subscription, while
T
e
legr
a
m
offers
us
ers
a
com
p
let
e
l
y
free open-sour
ce platform withou
t an
y
ad
s
,
a cl
ea
n interf
ace
, and
(the bigg
es
t
selling point) security
. So, which in
sta
n
t me
sse
nge
r is be
st?
Curre
ntly
Telegram is the most downloaded messa
ging app
s
in the Google Play
Store.
But a
t
th
e m
o
m
e
nt W
h
atsApp is
still
the
winner!
K
eyw
ords
:
En
cry
p
tio
n
Insta
n
t Messa
ging
Telegram
Vibe
r
Whats
A
pp
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
To
le Su
tikn
o
,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
El
ect
ri
cal
Engi
neeri
n
g
,
Facu
lty of
Indu
str
i
al Tech
no
l
o
g
y
, Un
iv
er
sitas Ah
m
a
d
D
a
hlan
UA
D 3
rd
C
a
m
pus,
“Jl
.
P
r
of.
D
r
. S
o
e
p
om
o, Jant
u
r
an
,
Yo
gy
a
k
art
a
5
5
1
6
4
,
In
do
nesi
a
Em
a
il: to
le@ee.u
a
d
.
ac.i
d
1.
INTRODUCTION
Now t
h
at sm
artphone
usa
g
e i
s
on the
rise, instan
t m
e
ssaging applications ha
ve
becom
e
a neces
sity
for use
r
s. T
h
ere are
m
a
ny fre
e instant
m
e
ssenge
rs ava
ilab
l
e n
o
w with
th
e d
e
v
e
lop
m
en
t i
n
tech
no
l
o
g
y
wh
ich
has s
h
o
w
n
out
st
andi
ng i
m
pro
v
em
ent
s
i
n
i
t
.
These se
r
v
i
ces allo
w
p
e
op
le
to
co
mm
u
n
i
cate with
friend
s
with
t
e
xt
s, p
h
one
cal
l
s
, vi
de
os,
share
d
fi
l
e
s,
i
n
gr
o
u
p
s
or no
t, an
d
t
o
m
a
in
tain
co
n
t
act with
the
m
ev
en
in
tern
ation
a
lly [1
-5
]. Bu
t
v
e
ry few h
a
v
e
g
a
i
n
ed pop
u
l
arity and
recogn
itio
n. Recen
t
stud
ies
h
a
v
e
shown th
at
th
e
m
o
st p
o
p
u
lar in
stan
t m
e
s
s
eng
e
rs
are
WhatsApp, Vi
be
r and Telegra
m
.
In
th
is p
a
per th
e features o
f
all
th
ree app
licati
o
n
s
will
b
e
com
p
ared
.
1.
1
Whats
A
pp
Recently,
W
h
a
t
sApp has bec
o
m
e
the
m
o
st
popular m
e
ssenge
r
with m
o
re than
1 billion people as its
u
s
er b
a
se, and
is th
e f
i
r
s
t m
e
s
s
eng
e
r
app
to hit th
is milesto
n
e
[2
,
6
,
7
]
.
I
n
20
14
, Faceb
ook acqu
i
r
e
d
W
h
at
sApp
because of
its huge num
b
er of users
[8-10].
In its initial years, it c
h
a
r
ge
d
the
user as m
u
ch as USD
0.99
per
y
ear (the
first
12
m
onths
was
a fre
e trial pe
rio
d
).
La
ter, sub
s
cri
p
tio
n ch
arg
e
was co
m
p
le
tely can
celled
sin
ce
1
8
Janu
ar
y 201
6 [1
1,
1
2
]
.
W
h
atsAp
p
pr
ov
id
es
serv
ices
fo
r t
e
xt
a
n
d a
udi
o m
e
ssagi
n
g
,
free
v
o
i
ce c
a
l
l
s
and
excha
n
gi
n
g
p
h
o
t
o
s o
r
vi
deo
s
and e
v
en
fo
r s
h
ari
ng
of l
i
m
i
ted t
y
pes of
do
cum
e
nt
s. B
u
t
the m
a
i
n
adva
n
t
age of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
6,
No
. 3,
J
u
ne 2
0
1
6
:
90
9 – 9
1
4
91
0
Whats
A
pp is its easiness
for
expa
nding t
h
e
user ba
se.
Wh
en i
n
stalling it, one ca
n
virt
ua
lly reach all c
o
ntacts
i
n
hi
s/
her a
d
dr
ess b
o
o
k
o
n
t
h
e p
h
o
n
e
w
h
o
h
a
ve i
n
st
al
l
e
d t
h
e sam
e
apps.
A
n
d
wi
t
h
m
o
re ext
e
nsi
v
e e
nga
g
e
m
e
nt
bet
w
ee
n user
s i
n
u
s
er
-creat
e
d
What
sA
p
p
gr
o
ups
,
i
t
ac
qui
res
a healthy
sha
r
e in m
ob
i
l
e
spa
ce
usa
g
e [3
, 8, 12]
.
Whats
A
pp cle
a
rly dom
inates the global instant
m
e
sse
nge
r market at pres
ent.
The
following are the
reaso
n
s
w
h
y
i
t
has
bee
n
c
hose
n
ove
r
Vi
be
r,
Tel
e
gram
or
ot
hers
m
e
ssenge
rs:
1
)
Wh
at
sA
pp
ha
s
becom
e
a t
o
p-
of
-m
i
nd bra
n
d
i
n
t
h
e m
a
rket
of i
n
st
ant
m
e
ssen
g
ers
.
Many p
e
op
le in
stan
tly recalls
Wh
atsApp
,
b
u
t
no
t with
ot
he
r m
e
sseng
ers. T
h
i
s
i
s
be
cause
of
wo
r
d
-o
f m
out
h p
r
o
m
oti
on by
t
h
e
users;
2)
w
h
e
n
usi
n
g
What
s
A
p
p
,
people
ca
n speak
t
o
m
o
st of their friends
because
they
are already on
What
s
A
pp;
3) the bonus
with
Wh
atsAp
p
is
th
at it is ad
s free serv
ice, alth
o
ugh
Wh
at
s
A
p
p
i
s
not
al
one i
n
t
h
i
s
fe
at
ure:
m
a
ny
inst
ant
messenge
rs als
o
provi
d
e the
sam
e
service. Howe
ver,
the choice
to provide
ads
-
fr
ee se
rvice m
eans that the
con
s
i
d
erat
i
o
n
of m
onet
i
zat
i
on l
a
y
i
n
ot
her
p
a
rt
of
ser
v
i
ce or it has
great re
sources t
o
cover the se
rvice;
and
4)
anot
her a
d
ded
adva
nt
age
s
o
f
What
s
A
pp
o
v
e
r
ot
her m
e
sse
ngers i
s
t
h
at
Wh
at
sAp
p
pr
ovi
d
e
s of
fi
ci
al
web
-
base
d
appl
i
cat
i
o
n t
h
a
t
runs
on
Wi
n
d
o
w
s d
e
skt
op
envi
ro
nm
ent
.
Ad
di
t
i
onal
l
y
, i
t
and can
be u
s
ed wi
t
h
t
h
e C
h
r
o
m
e
w
e
b b
a
sed br
ow
ser [1
3-1
6
]
.
1.
2
Viber
Vib
e
r is arg
u
a
b
l
y th
e m
e
sse
n
g
e
r wit
h
th
e
m
o
st featu
r
es in
it. It h
a
s
numero
u
s
op
tio
ns th
at si
m
p
ly
su
perior th
an
o
t
h
e
rs; e.g
.
it
h
a
s
h
i
gh
q
u
a
lity v
i
d
e
o
call. Vib
e
r
p
r
ov
id
es
v
o
i
ce calling
serv
ice that can d
i
al t
o
an
y m
o
b
ile num
b
e
r, ev
en
if
th
e d
i
alled num
b
e
r is no
t u
s
in
g
Vib
e
r
(with
ad
d
ition
a
l ch
arg
e
, fo
r th
is case).
Vib
e
r offers
g
r
o
u
p
ch
at ro
o
m
s ju
st lik
e o
t
h
e
r m
e
ssen
g
e
r se
rv
ices,
and
in
ad
d
ition
to
t
h
at serv
ice, it also o
f
fer
so
-
called
pu
b
l
i
c
ch
at th
at allo
w
u
s
er
s to
commu
n
i
cate o
p
en
ly, wh
ich
may su
it w
ith
the typ
e
o
f
h
obby g
r
oup
,
fan
s
club
co
m
m
u
n
i
catio
n
,
or ev
en
larg
e commu
n
ities. A
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
i
g g
r
ou
ps on
social n
e
twork
s
o
f
ten
create their channel in
Vibe
r.
It
of
fers a
var
i
et
y
of cust
om
i
s
abl
e
f
eatures, such as
de
dicated bac
k
ground
for
di
ffe
re
nt
chat
.
Inst
ea
d o
f
se
n
d
i
n
g p
h
o
t
o
s
o
n
l
y
, i
t
can al
so pe
rf
o
r
m
drawi
n
gs wi
t
h
o
n
e
’s fi
nge
r.
Vi
b
e
r al
so
pr
o
v
i
d
es
of
fi
ci
al
deskt
o
p
ver
s
i
on
fo
r t
h
e a
p
ps t
h
at
can
be
use
d
i
n
l
a
pt
o
p
s
or PC
s
.
H
o
w
e
ver
,
des
p
i
t
e
i
t
s
ri
ch
feature
s
, it fail
s to attract
people. It is
believed that
its less
intuitive interface (c
om
pared
with WhatsApp, for
exam
pl
e) and i
t
s
cont
r
ove
rsi
a
l
deci
si
on f
o
r
dom
i
n
ant
pu
r
p
le colour are of several
reason
s wh
y it is
trailin
g
badl
y
[
3
, 4,
1
2
]
.
Vi
be
r has o
ffe
r
e
d v
o
i
ce and
v
i
deo cal
l
servi
c
es for
a fe
w years before
WhatsA
pp and Te
legram
star
t
t
o
pr
o
v
i
d
e t
h
e
sim
i
l
a
r voi
ce and
vi
de
o se
rvi
c
es. D
u
e t
o
its earlier d
e
v
e
lopmen
t, it is u
n
d
erstand
a
b
l
e th
at Vib
e
r
can
offer b
e
tter vo
ice qu
ality
with
less no
ise th
ou
gho
u
t
al
l b
a
nd
wi
d
t
h
s
, i
n
co
m
p
arison
with
Wh
atsApp
and
Teleg
r
am
. Viber also
o
f
fers
two
m
o
d
e
s of v
o
i
ce
q
u
a
lity: th
e no
rm
al a
n
d
HD m
o
d
e
s, with
th
e latter v
e
ry
bene
fi
ci
al
on
hi
g
h
ba
nd
wi
dt
h net
w
o
r
ks
. P
e
rha
p
s t
h
e m
o
st
uni
q
u
e feat
ure i
s
t
h
e Vi
b
e
r O
u
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
ke it
pos
si
bl
e t
o
Vi
b
e
r
users
t
o
be i
n
c
ont
act
wi
t
h
peo
p
l
e
wh
o a
r
e
n
o
t
o
n
t
h
e se
r
v
i
ce [
3
,
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
1.
3
T
e
l
e
gram
Tel
e
gram
i
s
a
po
p
u
l
a
r m
e
ssagi
n
g
ser
v
i
ce t
h
at
i
s
based
on
ope
n
-
so
u
r
ce pl
at
form
. In a
d
d
i
t
i
on t
o
i
t
s
co
m
p
letely free serv
ice wit
h
o
u
t
an
y
p
a
ymen
ts, it also
o
ffe
rs a
d
s-
free
envi
ro
nm
ent with a clea
n a
n
d
fast
in
ter
f
ace. Teleg
r
am
w
a
s in
iti
alised
in
A
ugust 2
0
1
3
b
y
th
e Ru
ssian
-bo
r
n
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
e
ur
Pav
e
l D
u
ro
v, bu
t th
e
"Ru
ssian
Wh
atsApp
" is in
seriou
s co
m
p
etitio
n
with
the g
i
an
ts of the in
du
stry,
Wh
atsApp
and
Vib
e
r.
Tel
e
gram
has gai
n
e
d
t
h
e
p
o
pul
a
r
i
t
y
st
at
us t
h
at
i
t
becom
e
s t
h
e m
o
st
dow
nl
oa
de
d m
e
ssagi
n
g
a
p
p
s
i
n
t
h
e
Google Play Store. Telegram has
earn
e
d
the similar
m
o
st po
pu
lar so
ci
al network am
ong free
downl
o
ade
d
ap
ps in
m
o
r
e
t
h
an fo
r
t
y co
untr
i
es, in
clud
ing G
e
r
m
an
y and the United
States, beating
other s
o
cial net
w
ork
apps s
u
ch as
Facebook,
What
sApp,
WeChat, and
Kik. [12,
19-22].
Teleg
r
am
is ea
sy to
sig
n
up
an
d
u
s
e. It
h
a
s man
y
si
milariti
es to
W
h
atsApp
in
term
s o
f
d
ealin
g
with
user
ID a
nd c
o
ntact. The
phone num
b
er is use
d
for user
’s p
r
im
ary id
en
tificatio
n
.
On
ce th
e u
s
er in
stalls th
e
ap
ps,
h
e
/sh
e
can
co
mm
u
n
i
ca
te with
an
y
nu
m
b
er in
th
ei
r contact list that alrea
d
y installs the same apps.
Ho
we
ver
,
Tel
e
gram
has
m
o
r
e
t
o
of
fer
.
A
n
y
user can c
r
e
a
t
e
a usernam
e
as uni
que
I
D
i
n
Tel
e
g
r
a
m
,
t
hus
al
l
o
wi
n
g
ot
her
s
wh
o k
n
o
w t
h
i
s
user
nam
e
t
o
di
rect
l
y
cont
ac
t
wi
t
h
o
u
t
havi
n
g
t
o
k
n
o
w t
h
e ph
o
n
e n
u
m
b
er of t
h
e
resp
ectiv
e
p
a
rt
y. Mo
reov
er,
ad
d
i
n
g
o
t
h
e
r’s u
s
ern
a
m
e
in
t
o
Telegram
’s
co
n
t
act list will n
o
t
au
to
m
a
t
i
cally
reveal
t
h
e
ph
o
n
e n
u
m
b
er. B
y
consi
d
eri
ng t
h
at
ph
one
n
u
m
b
er i
s
suc
h
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
for se
ve
ral
peo
p
l
e
, t
h
i
s
fea
t
ure i
s
a g
r
eat way to
en
h
a
n
ce th
e
p
r
iv
acy p
r
o
t
ection
.
In
ad
d
ition
,
th
e arch
iv
e of
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
is sto
r
ed
in
clo
u
d
,
t
hus
t
h
e
use
r
s
do
n
o
t
have
t
o
wo
rry
t
h
at
t
h
ey
l
o
st
t
h
ei
r
c
h
at
s aft
e
r c
h
a
ngi
n
g
p
h
o
n
e
[
1
2
,
19]
.
Am
ong i
t
s
ben
e
fi
t
s
i
s
t
h
e st
i
c
ker s
h
o
p
. It
i
s
a col
l
ect
i
on of
fun
n
y
im
ages t
h
at
can be us
ed i
n
chat
s
besi
des t
e
xt
. It
can s
h
are
d
o
c
u
m
e
nt
s i
n
m
o
r
e
vari
et
y
o
f
filetypes that
WhatsApp, as
wel
l
as im
age and vide
o
sh
ari
n
g,
withou
t size lim
i
t
. Teleg
r
am
is a
m
u
l
tip
le p
l
at
fo
rm
app t
h
at
ca
n
ru
n
o
n
An
d
r
oi
d,
i
O
S
,
Wi
n
d
o
w
s
Phone
, Mac and
W
i
ndows
OS
. More
ove
r, Te
legram
account
can be accesse
d from
m
u
ltip
le devices, e
v
en at a
gi
ve
n t
i
m
e, and m
e
ssages a
p
pears
si
m
u
l
t
a
neou
sl
y
o
n
al
l
d
e
vi
ces [
1
9,
2
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Wh
at
sAp
p
,
Vi
b
e
r a
n
d
Tel
e
gra
m
w
h
i
c
h i
s
Bes
t
f
o
r I
n
st
ant
M
e
ssa
gi
n
g
?
(
T
ol
e S
u
t
i
k
no)
91
1
Teleg
r
am
is desig
n
e
d
as a lig
h
t
app
,
v
e
ry fast and
reliab
l
e.
It
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s p
l
atfo
rm
for ch
atting
i
n
gr
o
ups
, wi
t
h
fa
r m
o
re user
s ca
n be i
n
cl
u
d
ed i
n
a g
r
ou
p (
u
p t
o
5
0
00
pa
rt
i
c
i
p
ant
s
) t
h
a
n
what
W
h
at
s
A
pp ca
pabl
e
of
. Fi
nal
l
y
, Te
l
e
gram
al
so pr
ovi
des
bot
s:
a
n
aut
o
m
a
t
i
c
an
sweri
ng acc
ount that can
res
p
ond to s
p
ecific text
com
m
a
nd by
gi
vi
n
g
pre
f
orm
a
t
t
e
d answers
.
The i
n
t
e
grat
i
o
n o
f
bot
s i
n
t
o
Tel
e
gram
’s AP
I
of
fers
unprecende
nted a
pplications,
som
e
thing that
is not found
on
What
s
A
pp
[19, 21, 23].
2.
FEA
T
UR
E COM
P
AR
ISON
As
part
o
f
t
h
e
soci
al
m
e
di
a,
i
n
st
ant
m
e
ssagi
ng t
ool
s are no
w frequ
e
n
tly u
s
ed
. Th
is is in
lin
e wi
t
h
so
cial co
gn
itive th
eo
ry (SCT) wh
ich
em
p
h
a
sises recip
r
o
c
al d
e
termin
is
m in
th
e in
teractio
n
b
e
t
w
een
peo
p
l
e
and
t
h
ei
r
e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
s
[2
4]
.
SC
T
p
o
si
t
s
t
h
at
hum
an be
havi
ou
r i
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
of
a
dy
nam
i
c i
n
t
e
rpl
a
y
o
f
pers
o
n
al
,
beha
vi
o
u
ral
a
n
d
e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
a
l
i
n
fl
ue
nces.
A
pers
o
n
’s
be
h
a
vi
o
u
r ca
n
be
i
n
fl
ue
nce
d
b
y
t
h
e
envi
ronm
ent and also influe
nce the e
n
vi
ronmen
t. It is
relev
a
n
t
t
o
t
h
e cu
rr
en
t situatio
n th
at th
e pop
u
l
arity o
f
Whats
A
pp, Viber and Telegram are al
so i
n
fl
ue
nce
d
by
t
h
e envi
r
onm
ent
.
The m
o
re peo
p
l
e
use i
n
st
ant
m
e
ssagi
ng
, t
h
e
m
o
re pe
o
p
l
e
f
o
l
l
o
w i
t
.
Acco
rdi
ng t
o
B
a
n
d
u
r
a’s t
h
eo
ry
[
2
5
,
2
6
]
,
t
h
e
use
of
Wh
at
sA
pp
,
Vi
be
r
an
d Telegram
can
b
e
v
i
ewed as illu
strations of t
h
ese
reci
p
r
o
cal
d
e
term
i
n
ism
s
, as provid
e
rs m
u
st seek
t
o
i
n
fl
ue
nce t
h
e e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
a
l
and
so
ci
al
fact
o
r
s t
h
at
i
n
fl
uenc
e pe
opl
e
’
s
beh
a
vi
o
u
r
i
n
usi
n
g
t
h
ei
r
pr
o
duct
.
Perso
n
-beh
av
i
o
ur relation
is in
con
t
ex
t
with
th
e
b
i
-d
i
r
ectio
n
a
l in
teractio
n
of on
e’s tho
ugh
ts,
em
ot
i
ons a
n
d
bi
ol
o
g
i
cal
p
r
o
p
ert
i
e
s.
Fo
r ex
am
pl
e, a pe
rso
n
’s
bel
i
e
fs
, sel
f
-
p
erce
pt
i
o
ns,
goal
s
a
n
d i
n
t
e
nt
i
o
n
s
great
l
y
i
n
fl
uen
ce t
h
ei
r be
ha
v
i
ou
r.
A bi
-
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
onal
i
n
t
e
ract
i
on al
s
o
ha
p
p
e
n
s
bet
w
ee
n t
h
e envi
ro
nm
ent
and
p
e
rson
al ch
aracteristics [24-27
].
Th
e exp
ectatio
n
s
of a
h
u
m
an
as well as its
b
e
liefs and
co
gn
itiv
e
com
p
etencies are
greatly constructed
by
i
n
fl
ux
f
r
om
soc
i
al
and
p
h
y
s
i
cal
envi
ro
nm
ent
[
24]
.
The
i
n
t
e
ract
i
o
n
betwee
n be
ha
viour and envi
ronm
ent set the aspects for m
odi
fication
from each side. T
h
e environm
ent partly
det
e
rm
i
n
es t
h
e de
vel
o
pm
ent
of
o
n
e’s
be
ha
v
i
ou
r [
2
7]
;
i
n
t
h
i
s
case i
t
ha
p
p
ene
d
t
o
pe
rf
o
r
m
t
h
e beha
vi
ou
r
o
f
peo
p
l
e
i
n
ch
oo
si
ng
What
s
A
p
p
, Vi
ber an
d T
e
l
e
gram
. Due t
o
pe
opl
e ha
vi
n
g
hi
g
h
ex
pect
a
t
i
ons o
f
t
h
e pr
od
uct
s
th
ey cho
o
s
e,
prov
id
ers m
u
st try to
m
eet th
ese expectations.
They m
u
st
alw
a
ys im
p
r
ov
e th
ei
r
pro
duct w
ith
m
a
ny
adva
nt
a
g
es, s
u
ch
as
hi
g
h
t
ech
n
o
l
o
gy
, l
o
w
p
r
i
ces a
n
d
bei
n
g
user
f
r
i
e
ndl
y
.
Table 1 s
h
ows
side-by-side t
h
e feature c
o
m
p
arison
s for t
h
e above free inst
ant m
e
ssaging services t
o
gi
ve s
o
m
e
per
s
pect
i
v
e
on
w
h
ere t
h
ey
st
an
d [
1
2,
2
8
,
29]
.
What
sA
pp
an
d
Vi
ber
b
r
i
n
g
det
a
i
l
e
d i
n
fo
whe
n
t
h
e
exact
st
at
us
o
f
m
e
ssages, f
r
o
m
t
h
e m
o
m
e
nt o
f
se
ndi
ng
to when the
m
e
s
s
ages a
r
e
opened
by the
reci
pient
,
while Tele
gra
m
includes
rea
d
receipts
with double tic
ks
,
but lac
k
s t
h
e
other a
f
orem
entione
d
features. Now,
all in
stan
t
m
e
s
s
eng
e
rs
fo
cu
s
o
n
security iss
u
es,
with
co
m
p
letely p
r
iv
ate, safe and
self-d
estru
c
tin
g
m
e
ssag
e
s.
All in
stan
t
m
e
s
s
ag
ing
prov
id
ers clai
m
th
at en
d-to-end
en
cryp
tio
n
is i
m
p
l
emen
ted
.
As a natu
ral resu
lt, peo
p
l
e
have
w
o
nde
re
d
w
h
i
c
h
ser
v
i
ce
i
s
safer:
Wh
at
s
A
p
p
,
Vi
ber
o
r
Tel
e
gram
?
3.
EN
D-
TO-
E
ND
ENCR
YPTION
En
cry
p
tio
n is essen
tial in
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
syste
m
. In
secure
en
d-to-end
commu
n
i
catio
n
,
i
t
is requ
ired
t
h
at
onl
y
t
h
e com
m
uni
cat
i
ng part
i
e
s can u
nde
rst
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
e
ssages. Ea
v
e
sdr
o
ppe
r m
a
y not
rea
d
t
h
e
cry
p
t
i
c
com
m
uni
cat
i
on,
an
d t
h
ey
ha
ve t
o
po
sses t
h
e c
r
y
p
t
o
g
r
ap
hi
c
key
s
i
n
o
r
der
t
o
dec
h
i
p
e
r
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
sa
t
i
on.
I
n
messaging service, the
end-to-e
nd e
n
cr
yp
ti
o
n
is h
i
gh
ly need
ed so
th
at
telco
or in
ternet p
r
ov
id
ers an
d the
co
m
p
an
y th
at run
s
th
e serv
i
ce can
no
t read
th
e m
e
ssag
e
[30
]
. Su
rv
eillan
ce and
tappin
g
are
n
o
t
po
ssib
l
e
because the cryptogra
p
hic keys ar
e not share
d
for dec
r
ypting the da
t
a
being c
o
mm
unicated or store
d
.
There
f
ore, a
n
y
pr
ovi
der
of e
n
d-t
o
-e
nd e
n
cry
p
t
i
on ca
n
not
h
a
nd
o
v
er
dat
a
o
f
t
h
ei
r cust
om
ers’ c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on t
o
th
e au
t
h
orities [31
]
. In
its early years, in
stan
t m
e
ssag
i
n
g
app
licatio
n
s
cou
l
d
n
o
t
p
r
o
m
ise
o
f
k
e
ep
ing
th
e u
s
er’s
p
r
i
v
acy. Th
e
user’s m
e
ssag
e
s can b
e
stored
an
d record
ed
t
o
g
a
in
profiles o
f
sp
ecific
u
s
ers. Ev
en
tu
ally, illeg
a
l
access to s
o
ci
al
m
e
dia accounts m
a
y access these
record
s
.
Ze
ro-Interaction PRiv
ac
y (ZIPR
)
[32] and
Bab
e
lCryp
t
[33
]
were t
h
e fi
rst syste
m
s in
trodu
ced
t
o
add
r
ess t
h
is prob
lem
th
at au
tomatical
ly retro
f
ittin
g
arb
itrary m
o
b
ile ch
at ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
i
t
h
en
d-
to
-
e
nd
en
cr
yp
ti
o
n
.
Recent cha
n
ge
s in a
p
p sec
u
rity have
gi
ven
birth to
a
n
fierce com
p
etition in
offeri
ng users
sec
u
re
i
n
st
ant
m
e
ssagi
ng [
1
9]
, as sh
ow
n i
n
Ta
bl
e
2, a
nd t
h
i
s
has
been t
h
e t
e
n
d
e
n
cy
n
o
w
fo
r m
a
ny
y
ears.
Wh
at
sAp
p
di
d
not
real
l
y
have
a g
r
eat
re
p w
h
e
n
i
t
cam
e t
o
secu
ri
t
y
, b
u
t
t
h
i
n
gs
have
chan
ge
d
no
w,
wi
t
h
t
h
e l
a
t
e
st
versi
o
n
of t
h
e a
p
p b
r
i
n
gi
n
g
en
d-t
o
en
d enc
r
y
p
t
i
o
n [
34]
.
On
A
p
ri
l
5,
20
1
6
, t
h
e t
o
pi
c was
br
o
u
g
h
t
t
o
pe
o
p
l
e
’s
at
t
e
nt
i
o
n
ag
ain
wh
en
Wh
atsApp
, in
collab
o
r
ation
with
Op
en
Wh
isper System
s, i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
en
d-to-end
en
cryp
tio
n
.
The a
pp e
n
c
r
ypts all the chat
s and data like
voice m
e
ssa
ges, m
e
dia, etc. end-to-e
nd, which m
eans that not
ev
en
W
h
atsApp
can
r
e
ad
our
m
e
ssag
e
s [
1
2
,
1
6
, 35
]. Follo
w
i
ng
W
h
atsA
pp
's
m
o
v
e
t
o
add
i
ng
en
d-to
-
e
n
d
encry
p
t
i
on t
o
i
t
s pl
at
fo
rm
, on
Ap
ri
l
1
9
,
2
0
1
6
Vi
ber
i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d en
d-t
o
-
e
nd
enc
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
fo
r al
l
m
e
ssages an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
6,
No
. 3,
J
u
ne 2
0
1
6
:
90
9 – 9
1
4
91
2
Table
1.
Whats
a
pp,
Vibe
r a
n
d Telegram
spec
s com
p
arison
Wha
t
sApp
Viber
Tel
e
gram
Backups
(Google Drive integration)
(backup f
i
le)
(cloud-based)
Block user
Broadcasts
- -
Deliver
y re
ceip
t
Fi
rst
c
h
ec
k me
ans se
nt
,
second means
th
e message
has been
deliver
ed (not
neces
s
a
ri
l
y
r
ead)
Fi
rst
c
h
ec
k me
ans
deliv
ered,
s
econ
d
m
eans
th
e
me
ssa
ge
ha
s been re
a
d
Desktop client
Format text (bold,
ital
i
cs,
bold
&
it
ali
c
,
strike through)
-
Group chat
256 particip
ants
99 part
icip
ants
5000 particip
ants
Hold-to-ta
lk
Multi-devi
ce
Only
one mobile device at a
time, p
l
us access on
desktops.
Online s
t
atus
Phone calls
-
(F
ees
appl
y)
-
Platforms
iOS, Android,
Windows
Phone, BlackB
e
r
r
y
,
Sy
m
b
i
a
n
,
Nokia Series 40, Nokia
Asha
Windows, OS X, Android
,
BlackB
e
rr
y,
iOS
,
S
e
ri
es
40,
S
y
mbian, Bada,
Windows
Phone, Linux
Android, iOS,
Windows
Phone, Windows, OS X,
Linux
Photo editor
-
-
Pric
e
F
r
ee
F
r
ee
F
r
ee
Read r
e
c
e
ipt
Fi
rst
c
h
ec
k me
ans
deliv
ered,
s
econ
d
m
eans
th
e
me
ssa
ge
ha
s been re
a
d
Registration ty
p
e
Phone number
Phone number,
email
Phone number
S
c
reen s
h
a
r
ing
-
-
-
Secure Conv
ersation
End-to-end
en
cr
y
p
tion
End-to-end
en
cr
y
p
tion
End-to-end
en
cr
y
p
tion
S
e
nd im
ages
Send videos
Send files (doc,
zip,
m
p3, et
c)
(up to 160
MB each)
(up to 200
MB each)
(up to 1
.
5 GB
each)
S
h
are con
t
a
c
t
-
S
h
are lo
cat
ion
S
k
etching
-
-
Stickers
User base
1000M monthly
active users
500M monthly
activ
e users
100M monthly
activ
e users
Us
ernam
e
(No n
eed
to
share phone nu
mber)
- -
Video calls
-
Voice ca
lls
-
cal
l
s
on i
t
s
pl
at
fo
rm
, i
n
cl
udi
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
chat
s (
up t
o
2
00
peo
p
l
e). Vi
be
r’s e
n
d-t
o
-e
nd e
n
cry
p
t
i
on i
s
t
o
pr
ot
ect
i
t
s
cust
om
ers'
com
m
uni
cat
i
ons
agai
nst
s
n
o
o
p
i
n
g
,
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
fo
r o
n
e-t
o
-
o
ne and
gr
o
up c
o
nv
ersat
i
o
n
s
i
n
w
h
i
c
h al
l
part
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
ar
e usi
n
g t
h
e l
a
t
e
st
Vi
be
r ve
rsi
on
f
o
r
A
n
d
r
oi
d, i
O
S,
Des
k
t
op
o
r
W
i
n
d
o
w
s 1
0
[
3
,
1
7
,
1
8
,
2
8
]
.
Tel
e
gram
, on
t
h
e
ot
he
r h
a
n
d
,
i
s
base
d
on
t
h
e
M
T
Pr
ot
o M
o
b
i
l
e
pr
ot
oc
ol
an
d
bri
n
gs
en
d-t
o
-en
d
e
n
cry
p
t
i
o
n
wi
t
h
secret chats. It
also has the s
e
lf-de
s
truct fea
t
ure and no
tifi
catio
n
s
to
users wh
en
a screen
sho
t
is tak
e
n
b
y
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Wh
at
sAp
p
,
Vi
b
e
r a
n
d
Tel
e
gra
m
w
h
i
c
h i
s
Bes
t
f
o
r I
n
st
ant
M
e
ssa
gi
n
g
?
(
T
ol
e S
u
t
i
k
no)
91
3
reci
pi
ent
.
M
o
r
e
ove
r,
Tel
e
g
r
a
m
i
s
ope
n-s
o
ur
ce, so
any
one
can c
h
eck
t
h
e
app
’
s s
o
urce
c
ode
,
API
o
r
pr
ot
oc
ol
s
to
f
i
n
d
an
y secu
r
ity f
l
aws [19-
22
].
Tabl
e
2.
Wh
at
s
a
pp
,
Vi
be
r a
n
d
Tel
e
gram
i
n
a
ssessi
n
g
t
h
e
se
curi
t
y
S
ecurit
y
Crit
eri
a
Wha
t
sApp
Viber
Telegram Telegram
(S
ecret
Chats
)
Is com
m
unication encr
yp
ted
in transi
t (a
ll use
r
communications
are encr
y
p
ted
along all th
e links in th
e
communication path)
?
Is communication encr
y
p
ted w
ith a key
th
e p
r
ovider
does
not have acces
s
to (all us
er com
m
unicati
ons
are
end-to-end
en
cr
ypted)
?
-
Can
corr
espondent'
s
iden
tity
be
independen
t
ly
v
e
rified
?
-
-
Are pas
t
com
m
unica
tions
s
ecu
re
d if k
e
y
s
ar
e s
t
o
l
en
?
-
-
Is the
code open
to ind
e
penden
t
r
e
view
?
-
-
Is the
cr
y
p
to
des
i
gn well-documented
?
-
Has there been
an inde
p
e
ndent security
audit?
M
e
ssage e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
i
n
What
sAp
p
i
s
based
o
n
t
h
e Si
gnal
Pr
ot
oc
ol
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
D
o
ubl
e
R
a
t
c
het
A
l
go
r
ith
m
,
pr
ek
eys an
d a
3
-
DH
h
a
nd
sh
ak
e.
O
n
th
e o
t
h
e
r hand,
voice
call
encry
p
tion is
with t
h
e Sec
u
re Real-
t
i
m
e
Transp
ort
Pr
ot
oc
ol
(
S
R
T
P),
an
d a
sep
a
rat
e
enc
r
y
p
t
e
d c
h
an
nel
i
s
d
e
di
cat
ed
fo
r l
a
y
e
ri
ng
al
l
cl
i
e
nt
-ser
ve
r
com
m
uni
cat
i
ons.
T
h
e
Si
gnal
Prot
oc
ol
l
i
b
ra
ry
used by
What
sA
p
p
i
s
op
en-s
o
u
rce an
d
pu
bl
i
s
hed
un
der t
h
e
GPL
v
3
l
i
cenc
e
[3
6]
. Vi
ber'
s pr
ot
oc
ol
u
s
es t
h
e sam
e
conce
p
t
s
of t
h
e d
o
ubl
e
rat
c
het
p
r
ot
ocol
use
d
i
n
What
s
A
pp i
n
col
l
a
bo
rat
i
o
n wi
t
h
O
p
en
Wh
i
s
per Sy
st
em
s. How
e
ve
r, Vi
b
e
r'
s im
pl
em
entat
i
on was de
v
e
l
ope
d
from
scratch and
does not
share
Signal'
s
source c
ode
.
Vi
ber m
e
ssages are e
n
cry
p
t
e
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e
Sal
s
a20
encry
p
tion al
gorithm
.
Vibe
r calls ar
e en
cr
yp
ted
w
ith
25
6-b
it Cu
rv
e25
519
k
e
y
-
p
a
ir [
3
, 12
,
18
],
w
h
ile
Tel
e
gram
uses a sym
m
e
t
r
i
cal encry
p
t
i
o
n sc
hem
e
cal
l
e
d
M
T
Prot
o. T
h
e
prot
ocol
wa
s devel
ope
d by
Ni
k
o
l
a
i
Du
ro
v a
n
d i
s
base
d o
n
25
6
-
bi
t
sym
m
et
ri
c AES e
n
cry
p
t
i
o
n, R
S
A
20
4
8
encry
p
t
i
on a
n
d
Di
ffi
e
-
Hel
l
m
an key
ex
ch
ang
e
. Teleg
r
am
su
pp
orts
two
laye
r
s
o
f
secu
r
e
en
cr
yp
tio
n. Th
e clou
d
chats use
server-client e
n
cry
p
tion,
wh
ile secret chats e
m
p
l
o
y
an
ad
d
ition
a
l layer o
f
clien
t
-c
lien
t
en
cry
p
tio
n. All d
a
ta o
f
an
y
typ
e
is en
crypted
in
t
h
e sam
e
way
[
2
1
,
22
,
37]
.
Eve
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
ere
i
s
no
ge
neral
c
o
nse
n
su
s w
h
e
n
c
h
o
o
si
ng
an
i
n
st
a
n
t
m
e
ssagi
ng
a
p
p
l
i
cat
i
on, i
n
gene
ral
What
s
A
p
p
,
Vi
ber a
n
d Tel
e
gram
are som
e
of t
h
e
sa
fest
ap
ps
fo
r i
n
st
ant
m
e
ssagi
ng.
U
n
l
i
k
e
Wha
t
sAp
p
and
Vi
be
r, Tel
e
gram
’s secret
chat
m
e
ssages are f
u
l
l
y
encry
p
t
e
d
bet
w
ee
n s
e
nde
rs a
nd
do
not
gi
ve u
s
er
d
a
t
a
t
o
th
ird
p
a
rty v
e
nd
ors.
It ev
en
offers a self-d
estru
c
t f
eature,
whe
r
e m
e
ssages disapp
ea
r aft
e
r the tim
e se
t
and
no
one
sees t
h
em
on
y
o
u
r
de
vi
ce
o
r
t
h
e
reci
pi
e
n
t
’
s.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
What
s
A
pp i
s
t
h
e m
o
st
po
p
u
l
a
r am
ong t
h
e
wo
rl
d
’
s
user
s
of t
h
e sm
art
p
h
one
s wi
t
h
ab
o
u
t
6
0
%
,
followe
d by Viber and, in third pl
ace, Tele
gram
. Viber is
the
m
o
st f
unc
tional
m
e
ssenger, but if the main
co
n
c
ern
is th
e security o
f
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
,
it is wiser
t
o
o
p
t
f
o
r
Tel
e
g
r
am
. Tel
e
gram
of
fe
rs ca
pabi
l
i
t
y
of
sy
ncr
oni
zat
i
o
n,
su
per
fast
se
rv
i
ce, rel
i
a
bl
e
ba
cku
p
a
n
d
bet
t
e
r sec
u
ri
t
y
feat
u
r
e.
Al
t
h
ou
g
h
What
s
A
pp
d
o
m
i
n
at
es
the social m
e
dia space
due
to its si
m
p
lic
ity and bac
k
e
d
by
giant i.e. Facebook,
Te
legram
is esse
ntially
pr
o
v
i
d
i
n
g bet
t
e
r pl
at
fo
rm
t
h
an
ot
he
rs.
Refere
nces
[1]
A. Buchenscheit, B. Könings, A. Ne
ubert, F. Schaub, M. Schneider
, and F.
Kargl, "Privac
y
im
plic
ations
of
presence shar
ing
in m
obile m
e
ssaging appl
ica
tio
ns," in
ACM International Conf
erence Pro
ceed
i
ng Series
, 2014,
pp. 20-29
.
[2]
C. S
g
aras
, M
.
T
.
Kechadi
,
and N
.
A. Le-Kh
ac, "
F
oren
sics acquis
ition and
analy
s
is
of instant messaging and VoIP
applications," in
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (
i
ncluding
subs
eries Lecture Notes in
Arti
fi
cial In
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ligen
c
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ormatics)
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[3]
A. L. B., P. J. N., P. V. R., an
d S. D. Jy
oti
,
"W
hatsapp, Sk
y
p
e, W
i
ck
r, Viber
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og are Read
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Asy
m
ptote Glob
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e
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, 2014
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[4]
S
.
K. Khatri and
K. Narula
, "General m
a
tur
i
t
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m
odel for s
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ci
al
m
e
s
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a
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Conference on
Reliab
ility, Info
com
Technologies and Optimization: Trends
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ns, ICRITO 2015
,
2015.
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S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
6,
No
. 3,
J
u
ne 2
0
1
6
:
90
9 – 9
1
4
91
4
[5]
N. H. Tang
and
Y. C.
Lee,
"A
comparative stud
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lo
y
a
lty
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i
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e
rvices: Korea and
Vietnam
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ear
ch in
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r
ogres
s
)
," in
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[6] N.
Statt.
WhatsApp has grown to 1 billi
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erge.com/2016/2
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1/10889534/wh
ats-a
pp-1-billion
-
users-facebook-
mark-zuckerb
er
g
[7]
M. Seufert,
T. Hoßfeld, A. Schw
i
nd, V.
Burger
an
d P
.
Tr
an-Gia
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Group-based
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"
2
0
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I
P
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41.
[8]
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a
kum
ar
Bharath
i
and A. Goswam
i, "A
m
u
ltidim
ensional stud
y
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e u
s
age of faceboo
k am
ong coll
eg
e
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ational Journal of
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i
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C.P. Th
e n
e
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.
[10]
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a
kum
ar B
h
arath
i
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im
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e
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tional
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f
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pplied Engin
e
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Research
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,
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.
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e
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e
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l
e.top/battle-of-
the-
messengers-whatsapp-vs-vib
er-v
s-telegr
am
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o
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, K.
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nd A
.
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ssagin
g
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e
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,
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l
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ile
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.
[16]
H. Bajaj and R
.
Jindal,
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t, INDIACom
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. 1443-14
47.
[17] U.
Batavia.
Detail
ed
Comparison: Viber
V
s
. WhatsApp
Voic
e C
a
lling
. Ava
ila
bl
e:
http://www.tech
newstoday
.
com/23384-detailed-
co
mparison-viber
-
vs-wha
tsapp-voice-
calling/
[18] E.
Diaz-Aviles
et al
. Towa
rd
s
real-tim
e cus
t
om
er experi
en
ce predi
c
t
i
on for tele
com
m
unicat
ion opera
tors
.
Proceedings of
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015 IEE
E
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tern
ation
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eren
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Big
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a
,
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. 1063-
1072.
[19]
Job, J., Naresh, V., Chandrasek
aran, K.
A modified secure
version of th
e Teleg
r
am protocol (MTProto)
. IEEE
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onics, Computing and
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echn
o
logies, CONECCT 2015, art.
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