Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 5
,
O
c
tob
e
r
201
6, p
p
. 2
282
~229
0
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
5.1
048
0
2
282
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Design of a Front-End
for Satellite Receiver
Tra
n
Van Ho
i
1
, N
g
o Thi L
a
nh
1
,
N
g
u
y
en
X
u
an
Truo
ng
1
,
Ng
uy
en H
uu D
u
c
2
, Ba
ch
Gia
Du
on
g
2
1
Broadc
as
ting
C
o
lleg
e
1
,
V
o
ic
e
of V
i
et
N
a
m
2
Electron
i
cs
and
Telecommunica
tions Center, VNU University
o
f
Engineering
and
Technolog
y
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
Mar 14, 2016
Rev
i
sed
Ju
l 5
,
2
016
Accepte
d
J
u
l 20, 2016
This pap
e
r focu
ses on the desig
n
a
nd implementation
of
a front-end for
a
Vinasat sat
e
lli
te
rece
iver with
a
u
to
-s
earch
ing m
echan
is
m
and auto-tra
cking
satellite.
The fro
nt-end c
onsists o
f
a C-band
low-noise block dow
n-converter
and a L-
band r
ece
iver
. The
re
c
e
iver
is
designed to meet the r
e
quirements
about wide-b
and
,
high sensitivity, larg
e d
y
n
a
mic
range, low noise figure. To
reduce noise fig
u
re and increase bandw
idth, the
C-band low-noise am
plifie
r
is designed usin
g T-ty
pe of matching ne
twork with negativ
e feed
back
and th
e
L-band LNA is
designed using cascoded te
chniq
u
es. The local oscillator uses
a voltage con
t
rolled oscillator co
mbin
e phase locked loop to reduce the phas
e
noise and select
channels. Th
e fr
ont-e
nd has successfully
b
een d
e
signed and
fabricated
with
parameters: Inp
u
t frequ
en
c
y
is
C-band; sensit
iv
it
y is gr
ea
ter
than -130 dBm f
o
r C-band receiver and
is greater than -110dBm
for L-band
receiver; outpu
t signals are AM/FM
demodul
ation
,
I/Q demodulation
,
baseband sign
als
.
Keyword:
Het
e
r
ody
ne t
o
pol
ogy
Low n
o
i
se
am
p
lifier
Lo
w noi
se bl
o
c
k
Satellite receiver
Vo
ltag
e
con
t
rolled
o
s
cillato
r
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Tran
Va
n Hoi,
Facul
t
y
o
f
El
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
s an
d C
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
ons
Tech
nol
ogy
,
B
r
oa
dcast
i
n
g C
o
l
l
e
ge 1,
13
6
Q
u
y
L
u
u
Road
, P
h
u Ly
City
, Ha Nam
Pro
v
i
n
ce,
Viet
Nam
.
Em
a
il: tran
v
a
nh
o
i
@vov
.o
rg
.vn
1.
INTRODUCTION
The f
r
ont
-e
n
d
has t
o
be a
b
l
e
t
o
pr
ocess
very
sm
al
l
si
g
n
al
s at
C
-
ba
n
d
i
n
a
noi
sy
envi
ro
nm
ent
,
u
n
wan
t
ed
si
g
n
als. Du
e to
th
ese op
eration
co
nd
itio
ns,
receiv
er fro
n
t
-end
s are m
u
ch
m
o
re co
m
p
lex
than
the
tran
sm
it
ter fron
t
-en
d
s
. Th
ey
are do
m
i
n
a
ted
b
y
an
alog
and
d
i
g
ital circu
its su
ch
as lo
w
n
o
ise a
m
p
lifier, mix
e
rs,
local oscillator, filters,
digita
l signal
proce
ssing. Ther
e a
r
e som
e
pri
n
cipal receiver a
r
chitectures suc
h
as
di
rect
-c
on
ve
rsi
on (
h
om
ody
ne
, zero
-IF
) an
d
dual
-
c
o
nve
rsi
on (
h
et
er
o
d
y
n
e
) t
o
p
o
l
o
gi
es.
These archi
t
e
ct
ures
r
e
f
l
ect h
a
rd
w
a
r
e
so
l
u
tion
s
to p
r
o
cess t
h
e
do
wn
-conv
er
si
on
of
t
h
e m
o
d
u
lated
sig
n
a
ls.
Th
e
d
u
a
l
-
conver
s
ion
receiver a
r
c
h
itecture is one
of the m
o
st popular arc
h
itectures for today’s
receiver i
n
wireless comm
unication
syste
m
s. The
receiver a
r
c
h
itect
ure using het
e
rodyne
topol
og
y is s
h
own in
Figure
1.
Th
e LNA am
p
lifies th
e weak sig
n
a
l
wh
ich
is fu
rt
h
e
r filtered
b
y
a b
a
nd-p
a
ss
filter (BPF). In
t
h
e
fo
llow
i
ng
first mix
e
r
(Mix
er 1
)
,
th
e
C-b
a
nd sig
n
a
l
is
m
i
x
e
d
w
ith th
e l
o
cal
o
s
cillato
r
(LO
)
sign
al to convert to
a lower i
n
termediate fre
quency (L-Ba
n
d). T
h
e sec
o
nd
m
i
xer co
n
v
ert
s
si
g
n
al
s
fr
om
L-B
a
nd
t
o
I
F
2
(7
0-
1
4
0
M
Hz). After d
e
m
o
du
lation
,
I an
d
Q
b
a
seb
a
nd
si
g
n
a
ls are filtered
with
a b
a
n
d
-p
ass fil
t
er and
am
p
lified
b
y
varia
b
le-gain a
m
pl
ifiers (VGA) t
o
receive a
n
optim
al a
m
pl
itude to provi
de the
out
put. In a
ddition, t
o
get the
avera
g
e si
gnal
provides a
n
tenna c
ont
rol syst
em
, th
e recei
ve
r is
designe
d
to dem
odulate
AM/FM.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Design
of
a Front
-End f
o
r
Satellite Receiver
(Tran Van Hoi
)
2
283
Fi
gu
re 1.
D
u
al
-
c
on
ve
rsi
o
n rec
e
i
v
er
a
r
chi
t
ect
ure
To
design a re
ceiver front-end with t
h
e be
s
t
char
acteristic in
th
e en
tire
syste
m
, we h
a
v
e
to
so
lve
th
o
s
e m
a
j
o
r challen
g
e
s
rem
a
i
n
. Th
e
first
o
f
t
h
em
is to
ach
iev
e
a low-no
ise figu
re
(NF),
hig
h
e
r sen
s
itiv
ity an
d
su
fficien
t
b
a
ndwid
th, d
y
n
a
m
i
c rang
e, low
ph
ase no
ise.
Some resu
lts were p
u
b
licated
to o
p
tim
ize n
o
i
se fig
u
re,
o
v
e
rall g
a
in,
dyn
amic ran
g
e
an
d
a lo
cal oscillato
r [1
]-[5
]
.
In
t
h
e pro
p
o
s
ed
d
e
sign
, a t
w
o
-
stag
e cascade LNA
u
s
ing
d
i
screte pHEMT
am
p
lifier can accom
p
l
ish
th
is
goal. Th
e fi
rst-st
ag
e am
p
lifier
was
d
e
si
g
n
e
d
u
s
ing
negat
i
v
e
feed
b
ack wi
t
h
T
-
t
y
pe o
f
m
a
t
c
hi
ng net
w
o
r
k
to
reduce noise figure and increase bandwidt
h
. T
h
e
seco
nd
st
age
i
s
desi
gne
d
f
o
r
hi
g
h
gai
n
an
d
wi
de
ba
n
d
.
To
i
n
crea
se
ban
d
w
i
d
t
h
of
L-
ba
n
d
L
N
A, t
h
e ci
r
c
ui
t
i
s
designe
d
using cascade
d
a
nd cascode
d techniques. The
se
cond c
h
allenge is to ac
hieve
a low
phase
noise
,
sp
uriou
s
free sig
n
a
l with
a su
fficien
t
po
wer lev
e
l o
f
vo
ltag
e
con
t
ro
lled
o
s
cillato
r
(VCO) [4
],[7
]. Th
erefo
r
e,
th
e
lo
cal o
s
cillato
r u
s
e vo
ltage
con
t
ro
lled
o
s
cillato
r
co
m
b
in
e
ph
ase
l
o
ck
ed
lo
op
freq
u
e
n
c
y
syn
t
h
e
sizer.
Und
e
r th
ese co
nd
itio
ns, th
e p
a
p
e
r is o
r
g
a
n
i
zed
as fo
llows. Section
2 d
e
scri
b
e
s th
e d
e
sign
and
sim
u
l
a
t
i
on. Se
ct
i
on
3
p
r
esent
s
t
h
e
fa
bri
cat
i
o
n a
n
d e
xpe
ri
m
e
nt
al
res
u
l
t
s
.
S
ect
i
on
4
sum
m
a
ri
zes t
h
e
co
nc
l
u
si
o
n
s
of
t
h
e pre
s
ent
e
d wo
rk
.
2.
DESIG
N
AND
SI
MULATI
ON
2.
1.
Design
of B
a
n
dpas
s
filter
s
At th
e inpu
t rev
e
iv
er, the fi
rst b
a
nd
p
a
ss filter (BPF1)
has a cen
ter freq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
3
.
8
GHz
with
p
a
ssb
a
nd
fro
m
3
.
4
GHz
to 4.2
GHz o
r
fractio
n
a
l
b
a
ndwid
th
of
2
1
%
. Th
e secon
d
b
a
nd
p
a
ss
filter (B
PF2)
passes t
h
e f
r
e
que
ncy
f
r
o
m
0.
95
G
H
z t
o
1.
75
G
H
z, s
o
i
t
has a ce
nt
er
fr
eque
ncy
of
1.
35
G
H
z a
nd
fr
act
i
ona
l
b
a
ndw
id
th
of
60
% [
8
].
There
are
s
o
m
e
m
e
thod
desi
gns
of
ba
ndpas
s
filters
s
u
c
h
a
s
: End-c
o
uple
d
, pa
rallel-coupled,
hairpin,
in
terd
i
g
ital an
d stu
b
b
a
ndp
ass filters...
Howev
e
r, th
e
h
a
irp
i
n
b
a
ndp
ass
filter was ch
o
s
en, b
ecau
s
e it
h
a
s op
en-
circu
ited
end
s
an
d
co
m
p
act co
n
f
i
g
uration. Th
e Ch
eb
ysh
e
v
filter and FR4
su
bstrate was ch
o
s
en with
param
e
t
e
rs:
five-
p
ol
e and ri
ppl
e o
f
0.
1
d
B
,
subst
r
at
e hei
ght
1
.
5 m
m
, loss t
a
n
g
ent
i
s
0.0
0
1
and
di
el
ect
ri
c
con
s
t
a
nt
i
s
4.
3
4
.
A
pr
oce
d
ure
o
f
t
h
e
desi
gn
c
a
n
be
fo
u
n
d
i
n
[8]
,
t
h
e si
m
u
l
a
ted
resul
t
s
i
s
sh
ow
n i
n
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
re
2
.
Fig
u
re
2
.
Sim
u
lated
resu
lts of
S
21
and S
11
at
3.8
GH
z an
d 1.35
G
H
z
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEC
E
2
284
2.
2.
D
stage
GHz
a
termi
n
res
p
o
n
deg
r
a
techn
i
Goza
l
desi
g
n
[2]
.
T
equal
max
i
m
max
i
m
S
*
22
.
T
in
terc
tran
si
dB
fr
o
fig
u
r
e
2.
3.
D
techn
i
E
Vo
l.
6
,
N
o
.
D
esi
g
n of
a
C
In or
der
t
o
cascade a
m
p
l
a
nd t
h
e se
con
Th
is two-
n
al. Ho
wev
e
r
n
se a
n
d l
o
w
e
d
e
th
e noise
i
que are
the
l
ez was
s
e
lect
T
h
e SP
F-
3
n
. The S-
par
a
T
o
ob
tain
th
e
m
to
opt
, wher
e
In the se
c
m
u
m
pow
er f
r
m
u
m
pow
er t
r
T
he com
p
l
e
t
e
c
ep
t
po
in
t), t
h
Th
e i
n
iti
a
stor with
AD
S
The Fi
gu
r
o
m
3.4 G
H
z
t
e
is less than
1
Figure
4
D
esi
g
n of
a
L
There a
r
e
i
ques
. T
h
e c
a
5, Oct
o
be
r
2
0
C
-ba
n
d lo
w
n
o
o
ac
hieve ba
n
d
l
ifier b
a
sed
o
n
d stage
is 3.9
stag
e a
m
p
lifi
e
r
, t
h
e
ne
gat
i
v
e
e
r i
n
p
u
t a
n
d
o
figu
re an
d in
c
sh
un
t and s
e
ed
fo
r th
is w
o
3
043 transist
o
a
m
e
ter is use
d
m
i
n
im
u
m
noi
s
e
in
is set
to
b
c
ond stag
e, i
t
r
o
m
th
e in
pu
t
r
ans
f
er from
t
e
d
LNA with
h
e tr
an
s
i
s
t
o
r
w
Fi
g
a
l si
m
u
la
tio
n
s
S
s
o
ft
ware.
r
e 4
disp
lays
t
t
o 4
.
2
GHz
a
n
1
.1
10d
B in
a
w
4
. S
-
p
ara
m
e
t
e
r
L
-ba
n
d lo
w
n
o
two typ
e
s o
a
sco
d
e
d
t
o
pol
0
16
:
228
2 –
2
o
ise a
m
plifie
r
d
wi
dt
h 8
00
M
n
th
e d
e
sign
o
GH
z.
e
r was desig
n
e
fee
d
back c
a
o
ut
put
V
S
W
R
c
rease stable
,
e
ries resisto
r
o
rk
[
9
].
o
r with
lo
w n
o
for
th
e
d
e
sig
s
e fig
u
re i
n
t
h
b
e the
conjug
a
t
will b
e
d
e
s
m
a
t
c
hi
ng ne
t
t
he transistor
two stages i
s
w
ill b
e
b
i
ased
a
g
u
r
e 3.
Sc
he
m
a
to test th
e
L
t
he S
21
p
aram
d
t
he val
u
e o
f
w
or
k ba
nd
.
r
sim
u
lated
re
s
o
ise a
m
plifie
r
f am
p
lifier t
o
o
g
y
is th
e
m
o
22
90
r
M
Hz an
d hi
g
h
o
f sing
le-stag
e
n
ed usi
n
g
T-t
y
a
n be use
d
i
n
R
[9
].
Thu
s
,
b
a
ndwid
th.
T
co
nfigu
r
atio
n
o
ise fi
gure an
d
g
n
of t
h
e i
n
p
u
t
h
e first stage
,
t
a
te o
f
S
and
s
i
gne
d t
o
o
b
t
a
t
wo
rks t
o
the
t
o
t
h
e out
pu
t
s
show
n i
n
F
i
a
t I
DS
= 30m
A
m
atic o
f
th
e t
w
o
L
NA
p
e
rf
orm
a
m
eter which
h
a
f
inpu
t and
o
u
s
u
lts
o
f
the L
N
r
o
pol
ogy
use
d
o
st
fam
ous s
i
gai
n
, w
e
sup
p
e
one. The ce
n
y
pe o
f
m
a
t
c
h
br
oa
dba
n
d
a
m
the
first
stag
T
he m
o
st
co
m
n
. The
negat
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v
d
high
ass
o
cia
t
t
and
o
u
t
p
ut
m
t
he re
fl
ect
i
on
out
is set to
b
e
a
in
th
e
max
i
m
t
r
ansist
or wil
l
t
m
a
t
c
hi
ng
n
e
i
gu
re 3. T
o
m
A
, V
DD
=5
V a
n
o
-sta
ge casca
d
a
nce we
re d
o
a
s been
ac
hie
v
u
t
p
ut
im
peda
n
N
A a
n
d
t
he
n
o
d
fo
r
LNA
,
t
h
i
n
ce th
is tec
h
p
ose the
desi
g
n
ter fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
i
ng net
w
or
k
a
m
p
lifiers t
o
c
r
e use
d
ne
gat
i
m
mon m
e
t
h
o
d
v
e fee
dbac
k
t
t
ed gain was
c
m
atching net
w
c
o
efficient
S
e
t
h
e c
o
n
j
uga
t
m
um
g
a
i
n
.
I
n
l
occur
when
e
twork
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o
c
m
eet
t
h
e hi
gh
n
d V
GS
= -0.3
V
d
e LNA
o
n
e
with
t
h
e
S
v
ed
: ov
erall g
ce m
a
t
c
hi
ng
i
o
ise fi
gu
re
of
t
h
ese are t
h
e
c
h
n
i
que
i
n
t
r
od
u
ISS
N
:
2
g
n o
f
t
h
e L
N
A
y
in
th
e firs
t
s
t
at
t
h
e i
nput
a
c
rea
t
e a linea
r
i
v
e fee
dbac
k
d
s of
negat
i
v
e
t
echni
que pr
o
c
ho
sen
for
th
e
w
o
r
ks usi
n
g
S
m
S
loo
k
i
n
to
th
e
t
e of
L
.
n
or
der t
o
t
r
a
S
=
*
in
= S
c
cur whe
n
L
II
P
3
(thir
d
-
o
V
.
S-
p
a
r
am
ete
r
f
g
ain is greate
r
i
s q
u
ite goo
d
.
t
h
e
am
p
lifie
r
c
ascade
d
a
nd
u
ce
s a
wide
b
a
2
088
-87
08
A
has
t
w
o-
t
age is 3.7
a
nd out
pu
t
r
, f
l
at g
a
in
circu
it to
e
fee
d
bac
k
o
p
o
se
d by
e
am
p
lifier
m
ith char
t
e
s
o
urce is
a
nsfe
r the
*
11
and t
h
e
L
=
*
out
=
rd
er in
pu
t
f
ile o
f
t
h
e
th
an 32
.5
Th
e noi
s
e
casc
o
ded
a
nd
, wh
ile
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IJEC
E
casca
d
LNA
casco
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t
ban
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w
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8G
H
less t
h
2.
4.
D
as we
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om
C
E
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o
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g
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o
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t
h
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T-
type m
a
w
id
th. The co
m
The sim
u
l
H
z
t
o
2.
1 GH
z
h
an 1.35dB i
n
Figure
6
D
esi
g
n of
t
h
e
The local
e
ll as satis
fyin
C
-ban
d t
o
L
-
b
is
u
s
ed
to
i
n
c
u
si
ng a si
ng
l
e
to
ach
iev
e
a
a
t
c
hi
ng net
w
o
m
pleted L-
b
a
n
Fi
g
l
ated results o
z
and
t
he v
a
l
u
n
a w
o
r
k
ba
nd
.
6
. S
-
p
ara
m
e
t
e
r
e
lo
ca
l
o
s
cilla
t
oscil
l
ator (L
O
g am
pl
i
t
ude (
b
and
(
950MH
Figu
r
I
S
rease
the
gai
n
c
ascode
d L
N
A
m
i
n
i
mu
m
n
o
o
rks at ce
nter
n
d LN
A with
g
u
r
e 5.
Sc
he
m
a
f th
e
L-
b
and
L
u
e o
f
i
n
put
a
n
d
.
r
sim
u
lated
re
s
t
or
,
fr
eq
uenc
y
O
)
prod
u
c
es a
i
n dB
m
)
. The
z to 175
0MH
z
r
e
7
.
T
h
e ar
c
h
SSN
:
208
8-8
7
Desig
n
o
f
n
of t
h
e am
pli
f
A
and
s
i
ng
le
s
o
ise fig
u
re a
n
f
r
eq
ue
ncy
1
.
5
two
stag
es is
m
atic o
f
th
e t
w
o
L
NA
is
sho
w
n
d
ou
tpu
t
i
m
p
e
s
u
lts
o
f
the L
N
y
s
y
nthesiz
e
r
a
fi
xed
out
put
e
design speci
f
z). A st
r
uct
u
r
e
h
itecture
of t
h
e
7
08
f
a Fr
on
t
-En
d
f
f
ier. T
o
reac
h
s
tag
e
LNA.
T
n
d ba
nd
wi
dt
h
.
5
GHz
t
o
obt
a
shown in Fi
g
u
o
-sta
ge casca
d
n
i
n
Fi
gu
r
e
6.
e
dance m
a
t
c
h
i
N
A a
n
d the
n
o
r
an
d IF
amp
l
fre
quency an
f
i
cat
i
on of t
h
e
e
of the
L
O
i
s
e
fre
que
ncy
s
y
f
o
r
Satellite
R
w
i
deba
nd
an
d
T
h
e
first stage
The
second
a
in
th
e m
a
x
i
m
u
re 5
.
d
e LNA
Th
e
g
a
in
is
g
i
ng
is qu
ite g
o
o
ise fi
gu
re
of
t
l
ifier
d
mu
s
t
h
a
v
e
e
e
LO
operates
show
n in
Fi
g
y
nt
hesi
ze
r
R
eceiver
(Tra
n
n
d hi
gh gai
n
,
t
L
NA is
desi
g
stag
e will b
e
m
um
gai
n
av
a
g
reater t
h
an
4
5
o
o
d
. The
noi
s
t
h
e
am
p
lifie
r
e
xt
rem
e
l
y
hi
g
at
2.45 GHz
g
ure
7
.
n
Van
Ho
i)
2
285
h
e L-b
a
nd
g
ne
d usi
n
g
e
de
si
gne
d
a
ilable and
5
dB
f
r
o
m
e fig
u
re
is
g
h
stab
ility
to
co
nv
er
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
J
ECE
Vo
l. 6
,
N
o
. 5
,
O
c
tob
e
r
20
16
:
228
2
–
22
90
2
286
In orde
r t
o
sta
b
le oscillator
fre
que
ncy,
our s
o
lutio
n uses
m
onolithic i
n
tegra
t
ed synt
hesizer ADF
4
113
fr
om
Anal
og
Devi
ces
. It
i
n
c
l
udes a l
o
w-
n
o
i
se di
gi
t
a
l
phas
e
freq
u
e
n
cy
de
t
ect
or, a p
r
eci
si
on cha
r
ged
pu
m
p
, a
pr
o
g
ram
m
abl
e
refere
nce
di
v
i
der, a d
u
al
m
odul
us p
r
esc
a
l
e
r and t
w
o
pr
o
g
ram
m
abl
e
cou
n
t
e
rs
. Da
t
a
are
transferred i
n
to the sy
nthesiz
e
r by a
three-wire se
rial interface.
The l
o
op
filter
was de
signe
d for a R
F
output
of 2.45GHz,
a PFD fre
quency
of 1
MHz
,
a prescaler
value
of
16/17. T
h
e l
o
ck
detector indicates the loc
k
state
o
f
th
e
PLL.
Th
e V
C
O
CV
C
O
33
BE-
240
0-2
500
fr
o
m
Cr
ystek
Co
rp
or
at
io
n
is selected. Sup
p
l
y vo
ltag
e
and
t
uni
n
g
vol
t
a
ge
of t
h
e
VC
O i
s
5V
DC
,
whi
c
h i
s
t
h
e sam
e
sup
p
l
y
v
o
l
t
a
ge
of
AD
F4
1
1
3
.
The sc
hem
a
ti
c of L
O
usi
n
g
VC
O
wi
t
h
P
LL i
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8.
Fi
gu
re
8.
The
s
c
hem
a
t
i
c
of t
h
e fre
q
u
ency
sy
nt
hesi
zer
Th
e
f
r
e
qu
en
cy
syn
t
h
e
sizer
u
s
es a
V
C
O CVCO
55
BE-10
00-
200
0 fr
o
m
Crystek
Cor
por
atio
n
.
Th
e sup
p
l
y
vol
t
a
ge
of t
h
e
VC
O i
s
10
V
D
C
and t
u
ni
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
ge i
s
from
1 t
o
20V
DC
. IC
A
D
F
4
11
3 i
s
con
n
ec
t
e
d t
o
microcontrolle
r ATMEL AT
89C
51 to
cha
nge
receiver c
h
annels. T
h
e mi
crocontrolle
r is programmed to
recogn
ize th
e
pressed
switch
t
o
ch
ang
e
t
h
e
oscillato
r frequ
e
n
c
y of
VCO.
To ex
pa
nd t
h
e
dy
nam
i
c rang
e, t
h
e IF am
pl
i
f
i
e
r i
s
desi
g
n
e
d wi
t
h
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
gai
n
co
nt
r
o
l
an
d usi
ng a
di
gi
t
a
l
at
t
e
nuat
o
r at
t
h
e
i
n
put
of m
o
d
u
l
e
be
fo
re L-
ba
n
d
L
N
A
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
o
n
e o
f
t
h
e
bi
gg
est
adva
nt
age
s
of t
h
i
s
desi
g
n
w
h
i
c
h c
a
n i
m
pro
v
e t
h
e
u
ppe
r sat
u
rat
i
on
l
i
m
i
t
.
3.
E
X
PERI
MEN
T
AL RES
U
L
T
S
The front-e
n
d
was s
u
ccessful
ly fabricated i
n
laborat
o
ry
w
i
t
h
t
h
e ai
d o
f
t
h
e so
ft
wa
res a
nd e
q
ui
pm
ent
s
.
Th
e C-b
a
nd
LN
B h
a
s b
e
en
tested
, and
th
e
co
nsequ
e
n
t
m
e
asu
r
em
en
ts o
n
th
e N
e
two
r
k
An
alyzer
37
369D
h
a
v
e
con
f
i
r
m
e
d t
h
e desi
g
n
e
d
pa
ra
m
e
t
e
rs. The Fi
gu
re 9
det
e
rm
ines t
h
e m
a
xim
u
m
gai
n
of L
N
A i
s
25
.4
dB
a
t
4.0
5
GHz
an
d ci
rcui
t
am
pl
i
f
i
e
s wi
d
e
ba
nd
f
r
om
3.
4 t
o
4
.
2
G
H
z
w
i
t
h
gai
n
i
s
grea
t
e
r t
h
a
n
22
dB
.
Figure
9. T
h
e
gain
of
the L
N
A
Fi
gure
10. T
h
e i
n
put
reflection c
o
efficient S11
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Design
of
a Front
-End f
o
r
Satellite Receiver
(Tran Van Hoi
)
2
287
Lo
oki
ng i
n
t
o
t
h
e res
u
l
t
s
i
n
F
i
gu
re 9,
we ca
n see that, the
measured
S
11
r
e
so
nat
e
s at
3.
5
GHz a
n
d 4.
0
5
GHz, co
m
p
ared
to
3.862
GHz o
f
th
e sim
u
latio
n
.
Howev
e
r, th
e
m
easu
r
ed
resu
lts is b
e
tter th
an
sim
u
latio
n
.
Th
e
m
a
gni
t
ude of
S
22
clearly
illu
st
rates th
e qu
ite g
ood
ou
tpu
t
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
ce m
a
tch
i
n
g
.
Alth
oug
h
t
h
e m
easu
r
ed
resu
lts
have
i
m
pedanc
e m
a
t
c
hi
ng t
o
be l
a
r
g
er
t
h
a
n
sim
u
l
a
t
i
on,
but
t
h
ey
b
o
t
h
di
s
p
l
a
y
S
22
val
u
e
are acce
ptabl
e
and
satisfy th
e requ
irem
en
t set. F
i
g
u
re 12
sho
w
s th
e n
o
i
se figure
m
easu
r
em
en
t, th
e n
o
i
se figu
re is less th
an 1
d
B
fr
om
3.4 G
H
z
t
o
4.
2 GHz
.
Figure
11.
The
output re
fl
ection c
o
ef
ficient S
2
2
Figure
12.
N
o
ise
Figur
e
Measurem
ent
Si
m
ilarly,
L-b
a
n
d
LNA h
a
s b
een
tested
on
th
e
Netw
o
r
k
A
n
al
y
zer wi
t
h
m
a
xi
m
u
m
gai
n
i
s
3
3
.
7
6
9
dB
at
1.
19
1
GHz
and
ci
rcui
t
am
pl
i
f
i
e
s wi
de b
a
nd
f
r
om
0.7
t
o
2.
2
5
G
H
z
wi
t
h
gai
n
i
s
great
er t
h
a
n
30
dB
.
Due
t
o
m
a
t
c
hi
ng
net
w
or
ks a
r
e
desi
g
n
e
d t
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
a
m
a
xim
u
m
gai
n
.
Figure
13.
T
h
e
gain
of the
I
F
am
plifier
Fi
gure
14
. T
h
e i
n
put
reflection c
o
efficient
Bo
th
m
easu
r
ed in
pu
t and
o
u
t
pu
t reflectio
n
coefficien
t are b
e
tter th
an
t
h
e si
m
u
la
ted
resu
lts. Th
e
no
ise
fi
g
u
re i
s
l
e
ss t
h
an
1.
5
dB
f
r
o
m
0.
9
G
H
z t
o
2
.
15
G
H
z.
Figure
15.
The
output re
flecti
on c
o
ef
ficient
Fi
gure
16.
N
o
ise Fi
gure
Measurem
ent
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
J
ECE
Vo
l. 6
,
N
o
. 5
,
O
c
tob
e
r
20
16
:
228
2
–
22
90
2
288
Th
e ach
iev
e
d
resu
lts o
f
t
h
e local o
s
cillato
r are all
p
e
rfo
r
m
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
sp
ectrum an
alyzer NS-265
fro
m
9
KHz to
2
6
.5
GHz m
eet
in
g
the requ
ested
comman
d
ab
ou
t stab
ility an
d
am
p
l
itu
d
e
. Figure 17
, 18
h
a
v
e
sh
own
th
at th
e power
o
f
t
h
e lo
cal oscillato
r is -3
.33
d
B
m
at
2
.
4
5
GHz and
the ph
ase no
ise reach
e
s -107
.5
5
d
B
c/
Hz at
5
0
KHz. Th
is valu
e
is b
e
tter
than
th
e
VC
O u
s
in
g
d
i
screte elemen
ts
in
p
a
p
e
r [4
].
Figure
17.
The
res
u
lt on t
h
e s
p
ectrum
analyzer
Fi
gure
18. T
h
e
phase
noi
s
e at 50KHz
The c
o
m
p
leted struct
rure a
n
d
the front
of
L-band
receive
r a
r
e s
h
own in Fi
gure
19.
Figure
19. C
o
m
p
le
ted structrure
of L
-
ba
nd
receiver
The L
-
ba
n
d
re
cei
ver
has bee
n
t
e
st
ed i
n
a l
a
bo
rat
o
ry
wi
t
h
equi
pm
ent
s
:
Funct
i
o
n
gene
ra
t
o
r F
G
7
0
02C
creates square
pulses
,
which
is co
nn
ected
t
o
sign
al g
e
n
e
rato
r
8
648
C. Th
e sign
al g
e
n
e
r
a
to
r
86
48
C
per
f
o
r
m
s
am
plitude (or
fre
que
ncy) m
odul
ation
with l
o
cal oscillator
signal t
o
ge
ne
rate a L-ba
nd s
i
gnal.
Output s
i
gnal
fr
om
SG86
48
C
i
s
connect
e
d
t
o
L-ba
nd
rec
e
i
v
er t
o
am
pl
i
f
y
and dem
odul
at
e t
o
recon
s
t
r
uct
t
h
e ori
g
i
n
al
si
gnal
.
Th
is si
g
n
a
l is
pu
t in
to th
e
o
s
ci
llo
scop
e
DL172
0E.
Fi
gu
re
2
0
. M
o
dul
at
ed
si
g
n
al
at
19
1
5
M
H
z f
r
eq
ue
ncy
,
po
w
e
r l
e
vel
fr
om
-30
dB
m
t
o
-
1
1
0dB
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Design
of
a Front
-End f
o
r
Satellite Receiver
(Tran Van Hoi
)
2
289
Sq
uare
p
u
l
s
e s
i
gnal
at
4
9
5
H
z
fr
om
t
h
e si
gnal
ge
nerat
o
r
FG
70
0
2
C
i
s
p
a
ssed t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e A
g
i
l
e
nt
86
4
8
C
si
g
n
al
gene
rat
o
r,
w
h
e
r
e t
h
e a
u
di
o
si
gnal
i
s
m
o
d
u
lated
AM at
19
15
MHz with the po
wer lev
e
l
fro
m
-
3
0
d
B
m
to
-1
1
0
d
B
m
.
Fro
m
th
e Fig
u
re 20
, we can
see th
at t
h
e ou
tpu
t
sig
n
al en
ab
les to
id
en
tify th
e sensitiv
ity
of t
h
e recei
ver is -110dBm
.
If L-ba
nd
recei
ver is c
o
nn
ect
ed wit
h
C-band LNB, re
c
e
iver sensitivity can be
greater tha
n
-130
dBm
.
Due to recei
ver
using a
u
tom
a
tic gain c
o
ntrol and a
digital attenuator,
re
cceive
r
dy
nam
i
c
range
can o
b
t
a
i
n
8
0
d
B
.
Table
1 ha
s s
h
own c
o
m
p
arison res
u
lts of recen
tly front-ends. T
h
e
propose
d
m
e
thod
provi
des
av
ailab
l
e
wid
e
-b
and
,
h
i
g
h
sensitiv
ity, an
d
larg
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c ran
g
e
.
Tabl
e
1. C
o
m
p
ari
s
o
n
of
rece
n
t
l
y
fro
nt
-e
nds
Para
m
e
ters
Ref
.
[
4
]
Ref
.
[
5
]
Th
is wo
rk
I
nput fr
equency
1.
26GHz –
1.
268 GHz
C band
C band
Output signal
I
F
- 247M
Hz
I
F
– 1.
2GHz
I
/
Q,
AM
/FM
Sensitivity
(Gain) 37dB
-83dB
m
-130 dB
m
Dy
nam
i
c range
91dB
80 dB
Phase noise
-
103.
3dBc/Hz at 50KHz
-
107.
57dBc/Hz at 50KHz
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
This re
searc
h
prese
n
ted desi
gn and
fabrica
tion a
frond-e
n
d for a
satellite receiver. The pa
per also
pr
o
pose
d
m
e
t
hods t
o
i
n
c
r
ease
gai
n
,
ba
nd
wi
d
t
h an
d dec
r
eas
e noi
se
fi
g
u
re
by
usi
n
g
ne
gat
i
v
e fee
dbac
k
c
i
rcui
t
an
d
u
s
ing
cascad
e
d
and
casco
d
e
d
techn
i
ques with
T-typ
e
m
a
tch
i
n
g
n
e
t
w
orks. Besid
e
s, th
e lo
cal o
s
cillato
r
circuit use
d
PL
L freque
ncy synthesizer
to de
gra
d
e t
h
e
phas
e
noise a
n
d to
select receiver
channels. The
result
s
show that the receiver ha
d be
tter perform
a
nces in hi
gh se
nsitivity, wide-band a
nd
large dynam
i
c range
. This
receiver
has an ope
n-c
o
nfigure due to
using three dem
o
dulated
m
e
thods
, th
erefore it can be use
d
for sa
tellite
com
m
uni
cat
i
ons, ra
dar a
nd
m
i
crowa
v
e rec
e
i
v
ers. T
h
i
s
re
cei
ver was
usi
ng i
n
t
h
e
Vi
na
sat
sat
e
l
l
i
t
e
recei
vers
with
au
to-search
m
ech
an
ism
a
n
d au
t
o
-track
i
n
g
satellite [10
]
.
AC
KN
OWLE
DG
MENT
The resea
r
c
h
has bee
n
s
p
o
n
s
ore
d
by
p
r
oje
c
t
VT/
C
N 0
3
/
1
3
-
15
, Vi
et
na
m
Academ
y of Sci
e
nce a
n
d
Technol
ogy and carried out a
t
the Re
search Center of Electronics and
T
e
l
ecom
m
uni
cati
ons
, U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
of
En
gi
neeri
n
g
a
n
d Tec
h
nol
ogy
,
Vi
et
nam
Nat
i
onal
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
A. B. Ibrahim, “Simulation of
Two Stages Cascode LNA Using La
dder M
a
tch
i
ng Networ
ks for WiMAX
Applications,”
I
n
ternational Co
nference on Computer Informa
tion Systems and Industrial
Applications (
C
ISIA
2015)
,
pp. 949-9
52, 2015
.
[2]
T. V. Hoi and B
.
G. Duong, “Stu
d
y
and design
of wideband lo
w noise
amplifier operating
at C band,”
Journal of
Mathematics
– Physics, Vietnam National
Univer
sity,
vol/issue: 2
9
(2), pp
.16-24, 2
013.
[3]
Kam
il P.,
et a
l
.
, “
D
es
ign
and
Anal
y
s
is
High
Gain P
H
EM
T
LNA for Wir
e
less Applicatio
n at 5
.
8 GHz,
”
International Jo
urnal of
Electr
ical and Computer Engin
eering
,
vo
l/issue: 5
(
3), pp.
611-620, 2015
.
[4]
M.
Ka
sa
l,
et al.
, “Satellite L-Band Front End Design,”
WS
EAS
Transactions on Computers
, vol/issue: 3(6), pp
.
1907-1910, 200
4.
[5]
V. Saatchi and
Z. Tav
a
koli, “Des
ign and Implementation of a
High Dy
n
a
mic
Range C Band Down-Converter
,”
Progress In Electromagne
tics Research
Letters
, v
o
l. 31
, pp
. 25-33
, 2012
.
[6]
L. Zh
igang
and
R. Pengfei, “Design of
L-B
a
nd PLL Frequ
e
ncy
S
y
nthesizer,”
Internationa
l Conferen
ce o
n
Mechatronic S
c
iences, Electric
Engineering
and
Computer (
M
EC)
,
pp. 13-16
, 201
3.
[7]
M.
Q.
Le
e,
et al.
, “Phase Noise Reduction of Mi
crowave HEMT
Osc
illato
rs Using a Dielectri
c
R
e
sonator Coupled
b
y
a High
Imped
a
nce Inver
t
er
,”
ETRI Journal
, vol/issue: 23(4)
, pp
. 199 –
201, 2011
.
[8]
T. V. Hoi and
B. G. Duong, “Desi
gning Wideband Microstrip
Bandpass Filte
r
for Satell
ite R
e
ceiv
e
r S
y
st
em
s,”
National Con
f
er
ence
on
Ele
c
tron
ics and Commun
i
cations
(
REV20
13-KC01)
,
Viet
Nam, pp. 140
-14
3
, 2013
.
[9]
G. Gonzalez, “
M
icrowave
Tran
sistor
Am
plifiers
Anal
ysis and
D
e
sign,”
Pren
tic
e Hall,
pp
. 323-34
8, 1997
.
[10]
T.
V.
Hoi,
et al.
, “Improvement of step-
t
racking algorithm used
for m
obile rec
e
ive
r
s
y
st
e
m
via satel
lit
e,
”
International Jo
urnal of
Electr
ical and Computer Engin
eering
.
V
o
l/issue: 5
(
2), pp
. 280–288
, 2015
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEC
E
2
290
BIO
G
E
Vo
l.
6
,
N
o
.
G
RA
PH
IES
O
5, Oct
o
be
r
2
0
O
F AUTH
O
R
M.S. Tra
n
rece
ived t
h
communic
a
communic
a
lec
t
urer in
University
Signa
l Pro
c
Em
ail:
tra
n
M.S. Ngo
T
degree in
Nationa
l
U
from Le
Q
Broadcasti
n
Proc
e
ssing
Em
ail:
ng
o
Dr.
Nguy
e
degree in
Techno
log
y
lec
t
urer in
and Digita
l
Em
ail:
ng
u
Prof.
Ngu
y
B.S degre
e
He obtain
e
From 1981
to 2008, h
e
Vice P
r
es
i
magnetic
m
Em
ail:
du
c
Assoc
.
Pr
o
rece
ived t
h
Vietnam
N
Leningr
ad
Since 200
6
Engineeri
n
Signa
l Pro
c
Em
ail:
du
o
0
16
:
228
2 –
2
R
S
n
Van Hoi
w
a
h
e B.
S
degree
a
tions
(UTC)
a
tion from
Le
Broadcasting
of
En
gineer
in
g
c
essing, RF de
s
n
v
a
nh
oi@vov.o
T
hi Lanh
was
E
l
e
c
tr
onics
an
U
niver
s
ity
in
20
0
Q
uy
Don
Tec
h
n
g Colleg
e
1,
,
Television Te
lanhv
ov@gma
i
e
n X
u
an
Tr
uo
n
ele
c
t
r
onics
a
n
y
in
1
986, M.
S
B
road
cas
ting
C
l
Signa
l
Proce
s
s
u
y
e
nx
uantruon
g
y
en
H
u
u
Du
c
w
e
and Ph.D. de
g
e
d Diplôme d’
H
to 20
03, he w
a
e
is
a rector of
i
den
t
of Viet
n
m
ater
i
a
ls
and
s
p
c
nh@vnu.edu.
v
o
f. Bach Gia
D
h
e B
.
S degree i
n
N
ation
a
l Unive
r
University
,
R
u
6
H
e
i
s
a
l
e
c
t
u
r
e
g and
Technol
o
c
e
ssing,
RF c
h
i
p
o
ngbg
@vnu.ed
u
22
90
a
s bor
n in Ph
u
in te
l
ecom
m
u
in 2001. H
e
Qu
y
D
on Tec
h
Co
lleg
e
1, V
o
g
and
Technol
o
s
ign
,
RF
chip
d
e
o
rg.vn
born in
Nam
D
n
d T
e
le
commu
n
0
1. She obtain
e
h
nic
a
l Univers
i
Voice of Vi
e
e
chnolo
g
y
, Sate
i
l.co
m
n
g
was
born in
n
d
te
le
com
m
u
S
degr
ee in 200
C
ollege 1,
Voic
e
s
ing, R
F
desig
n
g
@vov.org.vn
w
as born in Q
u
g
ree in ph
y
s
ics
H
abilit
at
ion fro
m
a
s
a l
ect
urer in
H
f
University
of
E
n
am
Nationa
l
p
introni
cs, Mag
n
v
n
D
uong
was
bor
n
n
radio
ph
y
s
ic
s
rsity
,
in 1988.
u
ssia. F
r
om 19
9
e
r and Head
of
o
gy
, Vie
t
n
a
m
N
p
de
si
gn
,
R
a
da
r
u
.vn
u
Ly
City
,
Ha
n
ication
techn
i
e
obtain
e
d M
h
n
i
ca
l Univers
o
i
ce of
Viet N
o
gy
, VNU.
His
e
sign
, Sat
e
lli
te
D
inh Prov
ince,
n
ications from
e
d M.S d
e
gree
i
i
ty
in
2004.
S
e
t Nam.
Her
r
ll
ite
Co
m
m
uni
c
Ha Noi
City
,
V
u
nications
fro
m
2
and Ph.D. d
e
e
of Viet
Nam.
n
, Television
T
e
u
ang
Binh
P
r
o
v
from Vi
etna
m
m
Jose
ph
Fou
r
H
a Noi Univer
s
E
ngin
eer
ing a
n
University
.
H
n
etoe
lec
t
ric m
u
n
in Ha Dong
D
s
in
1972 and
t
h
From
1988
t
9
1 to 2005, he
w
el
ec
tron
ics
an
d
N
ational Unive
r
r
Engin
e
ering
a
Nam Pr
ovinc
e
i
qu
es from U
n
.S degree in
i
ty
in 200
4. S
i
a
m. Curr
enlly
,
res
e
arch inter
e
Communicatio
n
Viet Nam,
in
1
Engineer
in
g
a
i
n el
ectron
i
c w
i
ince 2001, S
h
r
es
earch f
o
cus
e
c
ation.
V
i
e
t Nam
,
in 1
9
m
Ha Noi U
n
e
gree in
20
09.
S
His
res
earch i
n
e
chnolog
y, Sat
e
v
ince,
Viet
Na
m
m
Nationa
l Uni
v
i
er Grenoble
U
s
it
y of Natu
ral
n
d Technolog
y
,
i
s re
searc
h
f
o
u
lt
iferro
ics,
Ma
g
D
ist, Ha
Noi Ci
h
e
P
h
.D
. d
e
gre
e
o
1990, he w
a
w
as
a
res
earch
e
d
telecommuni
c
r
sity
. His re
se
a
r
a
nd Techn
o
log
y
ISS
N
:
2
e
,
Viet Nam,
i
n
n
iversit
y
of
Tr
a
elec
troni
c
w
i
nce 2001
,
He
H
e
i
s
a
P
h
.
D
e
sts involv
e
s in
n,
Au
t
o
ma
ti
c
C
1
977. She recei
a
nd Technolo
g
i
re
le
ss a
nd co
m
h
e has
been a
es on RF
An
a
9
64. He
compl
e
n
iversit
y
of
S
S
ince 1986
,
H
e
n
ter
e
sts involv
e
e
ll
ite
Com
m
uni
m
in 1958, H
e
r
v
ersity
from
1
9
U
niversity
,
Fra
n
Science,
VNU
.
VNU.
Since
2
o
c
u
se
s on Na
n
g
netic devices,
i
ty
,
Viet Nam,
i
e
e in
wire
less p
h
as
a res
ear
ch
e
r in
ac
ade
m
y
o
c
ation cent
e
r,
U
a
rch
focuses
on
y
,
Aut
o
ma
tic
C
o
2
088
-87
08
n
1978. He
a
nsport and
i
re
le
ss a
n
d
has been a
D
student in
RF Analog
C
ontrol.
ved th
e B.S
g
y, V
i
etn
a
m
m
munication
lectur
er in
a
log Signal
e
ted his B.S
cien
ce and
e
has been
a
e
s in Ana
l
og
cation.
r
e
ceiv
e
d the
80 to 1988.
n
ce in 1997
.
From 2004
2
008 he is a
n
ostructured
biosensors.
i
n 1950. He
h
y
s
ics from
a
ssista
n
t in
o
f air force.
U
niversity
of
RF Analog
o
ntro
l.
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