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I
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N
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J
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lec
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21
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.
2
,
Feb
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
h
m
e
d
Na
b
ih
Zak
i
Ra
sh
e
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
2
0
G
b
/s
H
y
b
rid
CW
DM/
DW
D
M
f
o
r
e
x
ten
d
e
d
re
a
c
h
f
ib
e
r
to
th
e
h
o
m
e
n
e
t
w
o
rk
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Aca
d
e
my
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
I
n
d
ia
S
e
c
ti
o
n
A:
P
h
y
sic
a
l
S
c
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e
s
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l
.
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9
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p
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5
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6
2
,
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0
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9
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o
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:
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0
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0
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1
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.
[2
]
A
.
Ch
a
n
d
ra
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Un
if
ied
BER
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
u
m
th
re
sh
o
ld
a
n
a
ly
s
is
o
f
b
in
a
ry
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
in
sim
p
le
a
n
d
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
ra
y
leig
h
fa
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
w
it
h
s
w
it
c
h
e
d
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
no
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
-
1
6
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
A
.
M
a
k
s
y
m
iu
k
,
a
n
d
J.
S
iu
z
d
a
k
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
lo
w
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
m
o
d
a
l
n
o
ise
in
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
m
u
lt
imo
d
e
c
o
u
p
lers
i
n
c
a
sc
a
d
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
s
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
A
p
p
li
c
a
t
a
,
v
o
l
.
4
1
,
no
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3
,
p
p
.
6
4
9
-
6
6
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
IS
Am
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
ib
e
r
o
p
ti
c
a
n
d
o
p
ti
c
a
l
w
irele
s
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
b
y
u
sin
g
f
o
r
w
a
rd
e
rro
r
c
o
r
re
c
ti
o
n
c
o
d
e
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
ti
c
a
l
C
o
mm
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n
ica
ti
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n
s
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
5
1
5
/
jo
c
-
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0
1
9
-
0
1
9
1
.
[5
]
IS
Am
iri
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Z
S
h
a
p
e
d
l
ik
e
re
so
n
a
to
r
w
it
h
c
ry
sta
l
in
t
h
e
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
f
lat
m
irro
r
b
a
se
d
sta
n
d
i
n
g
w
a
v
e
ra
ti
o
f
o
r
o
p
ti
c
a
l
a
n
te
n
n
a
sy
ste
m
s,”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
no
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
5
-
1
4
0
9
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jee
c
s.v
1
7
.
i3
.
p
p
1
4
0
5
-
1
4
0
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
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esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
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2502
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p
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(
A
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1021
[6
]
IS
Am
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
d
e
v
ice
to
d
e
v
ice
in
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
e
le
m
e
n
ts
o
n
th
e
s
y
ste
m
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
sta
b
il
it
y
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
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l
.
1
8
,
no
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2
,
p
p
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8
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4
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,
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0
2
0
,
d
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c
s.v
1
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i
2
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p
p
8
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4
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[7
]
F
.
T
.
S
h
e
e
h
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
9
4
G
H
z
a
n
ten
n
a
-
c
o
u
p
le
d
L
iNb
O3
e
lec
tro
o
p
ti
c
m
o
d
u
lato
rs
,
”
IEE
E
P
h
o
t
o
n
i
c
s
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
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v
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l.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
3
0
7
-
3
1
0
,
1
9
9
3
.
[8
]
J.
W
it
z
e
n
s
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
si
g
n
o
f
tran
s
m
issio
n
li
n
e
d
riv
e
n
slo
t
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
m
a
c
h
-
z
e
h
n
d
e
r
in
terf
e
ro
m
e
ter
s
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
to
a
n
a
lo
g
o
p
t
ica
l
li
n
k
s
,
”
Op
ti
c
s E
x
p
re
ss
.,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
no
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
03
-
16
9
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8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
H.
V
.
P
h
a
m
,
Y.
Ok
a
m
u
ra
,
“
El
e
c
tro
o
p
ti
c
m
o
d
u
lato
rs
w
it
h
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
sp
o
n
se
s
b
y
u
sin
g
n
o
n
p
e
ri
o
d
ica
ll
y
p
o
lariz
a
ti
o
n
re
v
e
rse
d
stru
c
tu
re
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s i
n
Op
t
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
no
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
0
]
M
in
C
h
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
m
u
lt
i
m
e
d
ia
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
no
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
3
-
1
2
4
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
Q.
TA
O,
F
.
L
u
o
,
Q.
L
ian
g
,
Z.
W
a
n
,
X
.
S
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
X
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
l
sw
it
c
h
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
S
OI
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
u
p
ler
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
A
p
p
li
c
a
ta
,
vol
.
4
1
,
no
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
6
9
-
6
7
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
T
.
Ka
wa
n
ish
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hig
h
sp
e
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
li
g
h
tw
a
v
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
,
p
h
a
se
,
a
n
d
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
b
y
u
se
o
f
e
lec
tro
o
p
ti
c
e
ffe
c
t
,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
e
lec
ted
T
o
p
ics
i
n
Qu
a
n
tu
m E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
no
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
9
-
9
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
3
]
H.
V
.
P
h
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
ra
v
e
ll
in
g
wa
v
e
e
lec
tro
o
p
ti
c
m
o
d
u
lato
rs
w
it
h
a
rb
it
ra
r
y
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
sp
o
n
se
u
ti
li
sin
g
n
o
n
p
e
rio
d
ic p
o
lariz
a
ti
o
n
re
v
e
rsa
l
,
”
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
no
.
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
9
-
1
3
8
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
4
]
H.
T
a
z
a
wa
a
n
d
W
.
H.
S
teie
r,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
rin
g
re
so
n
a
to
r
b
a
se
d
trav
e
li
n
g
w
a
v
e
m
o
d
u
lato
rs
,
”
IEE
E
Ph
o
to
n
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
no
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
1
-
2
1
3
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
5
]
G
.
X
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Org
a
n
ic
e
lec
tro
o
p
ti
c
m
o
d
u
lat
o
r
u
sin
g
tran
s
p
a
re
n
t
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
o
x
id
e
s
a
s
e
lec
tro
d
e
s
,
”
Op
t.
Exp
r.
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
no
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
3
8
0
-
7
3
8
5
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
6
]
A
.
Ha
m
a
d
o
u
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
l
e
x
tern
a
l
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
c
a
lcu
latio
n
f
o
r
m
id
in
f
r
a
re
d
q
u
a
n
tu
m
c
a
s
c
a
d
e
las
e
r
,
”
Op
ti
c
a
Ap
p
l
ica
ta
,
v
o
l
.
4
1
,
no
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
1
7
-
7
2
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
7
]
M
.
G
h
a
n
b
a
risa
b
a
g
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Cy
c
li
c
p
re
f
i
x
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
f
o
r
2
0
.
4
8
G
b
/S
Dir
e
c
t
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
p
ti
c
a
l
o
f
d
m
tra
n
sm
issio
n
o
v
e
r
2
5
6
0
k
m
o
f
S
S
M
F
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
no
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
7
-
1
4
1
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
H.
Hu
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
it
h
iu
m
n
io
b
a
te
rid
g
e
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
s
fa
b
rica
ted
b
y
w
e
t
e
tch
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
Ph
o
to
n
ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
1
7
-
4
1
9
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
9
]
A
.
Ko
z
a
n
e
c
k
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
El
e
c
tro
o
p
ti
c
a
c
ti
v
it
y
o
f
a
n
a
z
o
p
o
ly
m
e
r
a
c
h
iev
e
d
v
ia
p
o
li
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
a
id
o
f
sili
c
o
n
n
it
ri
d
e
in
su
lati
n
g
lay
e
r,
”
Op
ti
c
a
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
a
,
v
o
l
.
4
1
,
no
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
7
7
-
7
8
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
0
]
M
.
V
.
Ra
g
h
a
v
e
n
d
ra
,
P
.
H.
P
ra
sa
d
,
“
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
o
p
ti
c
a
l
li
n
k
le
n
g
th
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
h
a
u
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
5
-
1
4
9
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
1
]
S
.
P
ra
v
e
e
n
Ch
a
k
k
ra
v
a
rth
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ultra
h
ig
h
tran
sm
issio
n
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
o
p
ti
c
a
l
f
irst
o
rd
e
r
so
li
to
n
p
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
,
”
Res
u
lt
s in
Ph
y
sic
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
5
1
2
-
5
1
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
L
.
M
.
Jo
h
n
so
n
,
H.
V
.
Ro
u
ss
e
ll
,
“
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
in
ter
m
o
d
u
latio
n
d
isto
rti
o
n
in
i
n
terf
e
ro
m
e
tri
c
o
p
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
u
lato
rs
,
”
Op
ti
c
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
no
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
9
2
8
-
9
3
0
,
1
9
8
8
.
[2
3
]
IS
Am
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hig
h
-
sp
e
e
d
tran
s
m
issio
n
c
ircu
it
s
sig
n
a
li
n
g
in
o
p
ti
c
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
ti
c
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
5
1
5
/j
o
c
-
2
0
1
9
-
0
1
9
7
.
[2
4
]
IS
Am
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
sp
e
c
i
f
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
su
b
m
a
rin
e
f
ib
e
r
o
p
ti
c
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
b
a
n
d
w
id
t
h
/ca
p
a
c
it
y
i
n
o
p
ti
c
a
l
f
ib
e
r
tran
sm
issio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
ti
c
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
5
1
5
/j
o
c
-
2
0
1
9
-
0
2
2
6
.
[2
5
]
IS
Am
iri
,
A
h
m
e
d
Na
b
ih
Zak
i
Ra
s
h
e
d
,
“
S
ig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
c
rit
e
ria b
a
se
d
o
n
e
lec
tro
-
o
p
ti
c
f
il
ters
f
o
r
f
ib
e
r
o
p
ti
c
a
c
c
e
ss
tran
sc
e
iv
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
ti
c
a
l
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
5
1
5
/
jo
c
-
2
0
1
9
-
0
1
1
6
.
[2
6
]
IS
Am
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
u
m
p
las
e
r
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
sig
n
a
l
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
e
rb
iu
m
-
d
o
p
e
d
f
ib
e
r
a
m
p
li
f
ier
g
a
in
,
n
o
ise
f
ig
u
re
,
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
sp
e
c
tral
p
o
w
e
r
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Op
ti
c
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
5
1
5
/j
o
c
-
2
0
1
9
-
0
2
0
3
.
[2
7
]
S
tev
e
n
K.
Ko
ro
tk
y
,
Re
n
é
M
.
D
e
Rid
d
e
r,
“
Du
a
l
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
m
o
d
u
la
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
lo
w
-
d
isto
rti
o
n
a
n
a
lo
g
o
p
t
ica
l
tran
sm
issio
n
,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
S
e
lec
ted
Are
a
s in
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
no
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
7
-
1
3
8
1
,
1
9
9
0
.
[2
8
]
J.
F
.
L
a
m
a
n
d
G
.
L
.
T
a
n
g
o
n
a
n
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
o
p
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
u
latio
n
sy
ste
m
w
it
h
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
li
n
e
a
riza
ti
o
n
p
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s,”
IEE
E
Ph
o
t
o
n
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
no
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
2
-
1
1
0
4
,
1
9
9
1
.
[2
9
]
W
il
li
a
m
B.
Brid
g
e
s,
Ja
m
e
s
H.
S
c
h
a
ff
n
e
r,
“
Disto
rti
o
n
i
n
li
n
e
a
rize
d
e
lec
tro
o
p
ti
c
m
o
d
u
lat
o
rs
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
no
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
8
4
-
2
1
9
7
,
1
9
9
5
.
[3
0
]
A
h
m
e
d
Na
b
ih
Zak
i
Ra
sh
e
d
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
S
a
lah
F
.
T
a
b
b
o
u
r
,
“
S
u
it
a
b
le
o
p
ti
c
a
l
f
ib
e
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
f
o
r
o
p
ti
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”
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s
Per
so
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o
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ic
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[3
1
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A
h
m
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d
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b
ih
Zak
i
Ra
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d
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t
a
l.
,
“
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ti
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a
in
w
it
h
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a
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m
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th
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o
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[3
2
]
A
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b
ih
Zak
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Ra
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t
a
l
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lex
in
g
(OO
F
DM)”
W
ire
les
s
Per
so
n
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l
Co
mm
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s Jo
u
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6
9
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.
[3
3
]
IS
Am
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
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c
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l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
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tran
sm
issio
n
sy
ste
m
s
imp
ro
v
e
m
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t
b
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se
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o
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ro
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isp
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rsio
n
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o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
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n
sim
u
latio
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m
a
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g
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m
e
n
t”,
p
ti
k
J
o
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,
v
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l
.
2
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7
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:
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/
j.
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leo
.
2
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9
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6
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3
.
[3
4
]
A
h
m
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Na
b
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Zak
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Ra
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d
,
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t
a
l
.
,
“
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h
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it
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h
in
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tro
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i
c
s
to
f
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ll
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p
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g
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se
d
o
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li
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e
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r
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ta
m
a
t
e
rials,”
Res
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lt
s in
P
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s
,
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9
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j.
rin
p
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9
.
0
2
.
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8
.
[3
5
]
IS
Am
iri
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
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p
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ra
ti
v
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si
m
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latio
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f
m
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lt
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sta
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y
b
rid
a
ll
o
p
ti
c
a
l
f
ib
e
r
a
m
p
li
f
iers
in
o
p
ti
c
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
O
p
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l
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mm
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n
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,
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0
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0
,
d
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0
.
1
5
1
5
/
jo
c
-
2
0
1
9
-
0
1
3
2
.
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