Indonesian Journal of Electrical
Engineer
ing and Computer Scien
ce
V
o
l. 9, N
o
. 2
,
Febr
u
ar
y 201
8, pp
.
25
3
~
25
6
ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.
11591/ijeecs
.v9.
i
2
.pp253-256
2
53
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: http://iaescore.c
om/jo
urnals/index.php/ijeecs
Cascaded Ripple Carry Adder
base
d SRCSA fo
r Effic
i
e
n
t
FIR Filter
Mohamed
S
ye
d Ali
Research
Associate, A
MET Business Sc
hool, AMET University, Chen
na
i
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Oct 16, 2017
Rev
i
sed
D
ec 12
, 20
17
Accepte
d Ja
n 4, 2018
Filter
is
one
o
f
t
h
e
key
com
pone
nts
of
a
ll
signals
p
rocessing
e
lements.
B
oth
the
FIR
and
IIR
f
ilter
are
used
t
o
reduce
the
un
wanted
s
igna
l
i
n
the
origin
al
signal.
H
ere
dis
c
ussing
the
FIR
filter
and
design
t
he
e
fficient
F
IR
f
ilte
r
using
Dual
R
ipple
Ca
rr
y
Adder
(RC
A
)
bas
e
d
S
Q
RT
-carr
y
s
el
ect
a
d
d
er
(
CS
LA).
Man
y
c
om
ponents
present
in
t
he
F
IR
f
ilter,
one
o
f
the
m
a
in
c
o
m
p
onent
i
s
Adder.
A
dder
is
u
sed
to
c
ombine
t
he
s
ignal
for
avoid
the
noise
occurring
in
the
output.
Proposed
a
D
ual
RCA
b
as
ed
S
QRT-CSLA
f
or
s
peed
up
th
e
filte
ring
proces
s.
T
he
f
ilte
r
perform
ance
c
a
n
b
e
anal
yz
ed
b
y
Xi
linx
simulation envir
onment.
K
eyw
ords
:
Dual RC
A
bas
ed SQRT C
S
L
A
FIR Filter
Xilin
x
Copyright ©
201
8 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
M
oham
e
d Sy
e
d
A
l
i
,
Research As
s
ociate, AMET B
u
siness
Sc
h
ool
,
AM
ET
Uni
v
er
sity
,
Ch
enn
a
i.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Filter
is
a
d
ev
ice
th
at
r
e
m
o
v
e
s
th
e
u
n
wan
t
ed
s
ign
a
ls.
In
a
n
y
e
l
ectro
n
i
c
circu
its,
Filters
a
re
w
id
ely
use
d
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
ndam
e
nt
al
h
an
ds
o
n
t
o
ol
i
s
di
scusse
d
i
n
[
1]
.
The
b
a
sic
fun
c
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ilter
is
t
o
selec
tiv
ely
allo
w
th
e
d
e
sired
sign
al
t
o
p
a
ss
th
ro
ugh
a
nd
/o
r
con
t
ro
l
th
e
u
n
desi
re
d
si
g
n
a
l
based
on
t
h
e
fre
que
ncy
.
A
s
i
gnal
p
r
o
cessi
n
g
filter
satisfies
a
s
et
o
f
requ
iremen
ts
w
h
i
ch
a
re
r
ea
lizatio
n
an
d
im
p
r
ov
emen
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
ilter
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
2].
A
filter
syste
m
c
o
n
s
ists
o
f
an
a
n
a
l
o
g
to
d
ig
i
tal
co
nv
erter
is
u
sed
to
s
amp
l
e
th
e
in
pu
t
sig
n
a
l
,
traced
b
y
a
m
i
croprocess
o
r
a
n
d
som
e
c
om
pone
nts
s
u
c
h
a
s
m
e
m
o
ry
t
o
sto
r
e
t
h
e
d
a
ta
a
nd
f
ilter
co
efficien
ts
i
s
d
e
scri
b
e
d
i
n
[
3].
F
ilters
can
easily
b
e
d
e
sig
n
ed
t
o
b
e
“
lin
ear
p
h
a
se”
and
it
is
easy
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
.
Filters
h
ave
t
w
o
uses,
si
g
n
a
l
separat
i
o
n
a
nd
si
gnal
re
st
o
r
at
i
o
n
.
T
he
c
o
n
cept
o
f
id
eal
f
ilters
i
s
u
s
ed
f
ilter
tran
sfer
f
un
ctio
n
characte
r
istics
and
im
ple
m
entati
on
t
e
c
hni
qu
es
f
or
d
et
erm
i
ni
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
e
lectron
i
c
filter
and
si
g
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
essin
g
n
eeds
is
e
x
p
l
ain
e
d
in
[
4
]
.
An
i
d
eal
f
ilter
will
h
a
v
e
a
m
p
litu
d
e
resp
o
n
s
e
s
as
uni
t
y
a
t
a
fi
xed
gai
n
f
o
r
t
he
fre
que
ncy
of
i
nterest
called
as
p
ass
ba
nd
r
at
io
e
very
whe
r
e
else
cal
l
e
d
as
s
t
op
b
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
fre
que
ncy
at
w
hi
ch
t
h
e
re
sp
o
n
ses
chan
ges
f
r
om
p
ass
ba
nd
t
o
s
t
op
ba
n
d
i
s
ca
l
l
e
d
as
c
u
t
-
of
f
fre
q
u
e
n
cy
i
s
di
scuss
e
d
i
n
[
5]
.
T
h
e
fre
que
ncy
bo
u
nda
ry
b
et
wee
n
t
he
p
ass-
ba
nd
a
n
d
t
he
s
t
o
p-
ban
d
i
s
d
efin
ed
b
y
all
filters
o
ffer
a
p
ass-ban
d
,
a
st
op
-ba
n
d
a
n
d
a
cut
o
ff
f
req
u
e
n
cy
.
E
n
er
gy
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
v
ol
t
a
ge
c
on
v
ersion
r
ang
e
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
l
ev
el
s
h
i
fter
d
esig
n
in
m
u
lti v
o
ltage do
m
ain
is p
resen
t
ed in
[6
].
2.
RELATED WORKS
Yo
us
uf
,
R
.
e
t
al
,
20
0
8
p
rese
nt
ed
a
nd
veri
fi
ed
a
n
e
w
m
etho
d
o
l
o
gy
f
o
r
C
SA.
I
n
t
hi
s
m
e
t
hod
ol
o
g
y
,
s
u
m
w
a
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
f
o
r
c
a
r
r
y
-
i
n
o
f
‘
0
’
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
s
u
m
f
o
r
c
a
r
r
y
-
i
n
o
f
‘1
’.
T
hese
s
u
m
s
were
c
om
put
ed
by
m
a
ki
ng
use
o
f
o
ne
XOR
g
at
e
an
d
a
n
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r.
F
i
n
al
s
um
-o
ut
w
as
o
bt
ai
ned
by
m
aki
n
g
use
of
m
ul
t
i
pl
exe
r
wh
ose
st
r
o
be
s
i
gnal
was
t
h
e
carry
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
evi
o
us
s
t
a
ge
(
C
i
n)
[
7]
.
Fo
r
hi
g
h
s
pee
d
a
p
p
l
i
cat
i
ons
car
r
y
s
el
ect
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
2502-
4
752
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
, Vol
.
9
,
N
o.
2
,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
8
:
2
53 – 256
25
4
adde
r
i
s
m
ost
l
y
prefe
r
r
e
d
bec
a
use
i
t
co
nt
ai
n
out
put
f
o
r
bot
h
ca
ses
C
i
n=0
a
nd
C
i
n
=
1
.
B
a
s
ed
on
t
h
e
sel
e
ct
i
on
l
i
n
e fr
om
t
he p
revi
ous
st
a
ge
t
he
out
put
ca
n
b
e sel
ect
ed a
nd
g
en
erate th
e outp
u
t
with
ou
t any d
e
lay.
K
i
m
,
Y
.
e
t
a
l
,
2
0
0
1
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
a
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
r
i
p
p
l
e
c
a
r
r
y
a
d
d
e
r
,
i
n
ge
neral
S
Q
R
T
C
SL
A
i
s
d
esi
g
ne
d
b
y
onl
y
on
e
R
C
A
a
d
d
er
.
Here
u
si
ng
t
w
o
R
C
A
f
or
d
esi
gni
ng
t
he
car
ry
-
selec
t
a
dder.
T
h
e
ci
rcuit
of
zero
fi
ndi
ng
and
MUX
t
o
d
ecrease
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
p
ower
w
ithout
a
n
y
affection
i
n
t
he
out
put
s
i
d
e
[
8
]
.
F
or
b
i
t
l
e
n
g
t
h
n
=
3
2,
t
he
pr
o
pose
d
ca
rry
-sel
ect
ad
d
er
re
qui
res
19
%
o
f
t
r
ansi
st
o
r
s i
t
i
s
hi
g
h
er
t
ha
n t
h
e
d
u
al
ri
pple-carry-select adde
r
.
Ku
m
a
r,
D
.J.
et
a
l,
2
014
p
resen
t
ed
F
IR
f
ilter
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
of
Wallace
m
u
ltiplier,
u
si
ng
M
o
dified
Carry
s
elect
A
dde
r
(M
CS
LA
)
an
d
Car
r
y
Sk
ip
A
dde
r.
I
t
re
duce
s
b
ot
h
area
a
n
d
d
e
lay
in
b
oo
th
m
u
ltip
lier
u
s
i
n
g
m
o
d
i
fied
carry
s
av
e
ad
d
e
r.
D
u
e
t
o
p
a
rallel
ad
d
ition
p
r
o
c
ess
in
m
odified
carry
s
a
v
e
a
d
der,
it
achieve
s
very
h
i
gh
sp
e
ed
[9
]
. Th
is typ
e of FIR
filter is also app
licab
le in c
om
m
uni
cat
i
on
pu
r
pose
.
S
a
h
o
o
,
S
.
K
.
e
t
a
l
,
2
0
0
8
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
a
n
ovel
a
rchitecture
for
a
hi
gh
s
p
ee
d
Fi
ni
t
e
I
m
pul
se
R
espo
nse
(FIR
)
Filter.
C
SHM
conv
erts
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
lica
tio
n
pro
c
ess
in
to
a
s
eri
e
s
of
s
hi
ft
a
n
d
a
d
d
ope
rat
i
o
n
s
.
C
S
H
M
of
fers
a
m
arkedl
y
im
prove
d
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
ove
r
C
a
rry
S
a
v
e
A
rray
M
u
ltip
lier
CSAM
i
m
p
le
men
t
atio
n
.
T
he
adde
r
in
t
he
l
ast
stage
lies
in
c
ritical
p
ath
uses
a
carry
s
ave
a
d
d
er
.
T
h
e
use
o
f
D
ua
l
C
h
annel
A
d
der
a
n
d
Com
p
resso
r
at
e
very
i
nte
r
m
e
diate
stage
to
r
educe
c
o
m
putational
del
a
y
s
[
1
0
]
,
p
r
opa
gat
i
ng
s
u
m
and
c
a
rry
sep
a
rately to the end
an
d th
en
u
sing a
ve
r
y hi
gh speed adder
li
ke a Car
ry-L
oo
k Ahead Adder.
3.
OVERVIEW OF CARRY S
ELECT ADDER (CSL
A)
Carry
s
elect
a
dder
is
u
se
d
to
s
peed
up
t
h
e
overall
circuit.
T
he
car
r
y
s
elect
a
d
d
e
r
co
m
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
oup
of
c
onditional
sum
adder.
I
t
works
with
s
om
e
conditions
b
ase
d
o
n
arc
h
i
t
ectural
d
esign.
S
um
a
nd
carry
a
re
expect
e
d
b
y
as
sum
i
ng
i
n
put
c
arry
a
s
1
a
n
d
0
p
ri
or
t
he
i
np
ut
carr
y
c
o
m
e
s.
C
arry
S
elect
h
ybrid
a
dder
i
s
a
better
choi
ce
fo
r
hi
g
h
s
pee
d
a
ppl
i
c
at
i
ons.
It
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
t
w
o
ri
p
p
l
e
carr
y
add
e
r
and
on
e
m
u
ltip
le
x
e
r
(MUX).
A
d
d
i
ng
t
w
o
n
-
bi
t
num
bers
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
a
dde
rs
i
n
or
de
r
t
o
p
e
r
f
o
rm
t
he
cal
c
u
l
a
t
i
on
one
t
i
m
e,
t
he
a
ssum
p
t
i
on
of
carr
y
bei
n
g
zer
o
an
d
t
h
e
ot
her
ass
u
m
i
ng
i
s
one.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
bi
t
s
c
a
n
b
e
u
n
i
form
.
Efficien
cy,
flex
ib
ility,
stab
ility
are
the
fact
ors
are
re
qui
red
t
o
achieve
a
h
igh
spee
d,
L
ow
p
owe
r
,
area
e
f
ficient,
a
dders.
T
he
C
SL
A
circuit
is
wid
e
ly
u
sed
to
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
p
r
ob
lem
o
f
d
elay
i
n
th
e
filter
b
y
g
en
e
r
ating
m
u
ltiple
carries
a
nd
t
hen
select
a
carry
to ge
n
e
r
ate the sum
.
4.
DU
AL
R
C
A
B
ASED
C
SLA
The
st
ruct
ure
of
D
ual
R
C
A
b
ase
d
C
SLA
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
Fi
gu
re
1
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
D
u
a
l
R
C
A
i
s
sim
p
le
b
ecause
it
contains only
two
RCA
a
dders
.
T
he
C
i
n
i
nput
t
o
th
e
ad
de
r
is
1
a
nd
0
.
On
e
RCA
t
a
k
e
th
e
‘
0
’
in
pu
t
an
d
th
e
o
t
h
e
r
RCA
t
akes
t
h
e
‘
1’
a
s
in
pu
t
to
g
en
erate
th
e
output.
RCA
g
ene
r
ally
g
ene
r
ate
propagation
del
a
y
t
o
a
voi
d t
h
e
del
a
y
by
a
ddi
n
g
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
R
C
A
i
n
t
h
e
ci
rcui
t
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
RCA
i
s
in
itial
l
y
s
tarts
with
C
i
n
=
0
an
d
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
RCA
i
n
itiate
w
ith
C
in
=1
,
bo
th
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
a
re
r
ea
dy
t
o
gi
ve
t
he
o
ut
p
u
t
.
Fi
nal
l
y
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
pre
v
i
o
us
r
e
s
ul
t
s
t
he
o
ut
p
u
t
can
b
e
sel
ect
ed
.
The
fi
nal
o
u
t
p
ut
s
are
selected
b
y
the
2:1
MUX.
C
SLA
has
two
uni
t
s
,
o
n
e
i
s
t
h
e
s
um
a
nd
ca
rr
y
gene
rat
o
r
uni
t
(SC
G
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
ot
he
r
i
s
t
he
s
um
a
nd
ca
rry
s
el
ect
i
on
u
n
i
t
(
S
C
S
)
.
Du
e
to
d
u
a
l
RCA,
trad
ition
a
l
CSLA
d
o
e
s
no
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
b
etter
p
e
rfo
rm
ance.
I
n
o
r
de
r
t
o
o
v
e
rcom
e
t
h
i
s
p
robl
em
,
BEC
circuits
a
re used
in
C
SL
A fo
r gene
ratin
g
the
s
u
m
and carry
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
B
EC b
ased
c
ircu
its with
Cin
=1
in
t
h
e
t
rad
itio
nal
CSLA
t
o
ach
i
ev
e
lower
area
an
d
po
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
on.
T
he
R
C
A
h
as
l
o
w
est
spee
d
am
on
g
al
l
the adde
rs bec
ause of
larg
e pr
op
ag
atio
n d
e
l
a
y b
u
t
it o
c
cu
pies t
he least are
a
. Car
ry i.e.
0 a
n
d 1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
ISS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
47
52
Ca
scad
ed
Ri
p
p
le Ca
rry Add
e
r ba
sed
S
R
CS
A
fo
r Efficien
t
FIR Filter (Mo
hamed S
y
ed
Ali
)
25
5
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
Du
al RCA
bas
ed SQRT-CSL
A
5.
RESULTS
A
ND
DI
S
C
U
S
S
I
ON
Sim
u
l
a
t
i
on o
f
t
he D
ual
R
C
A
b
ase
d
SQR
T
-
C
S
LA i
s d
o
n
e b
y
M
odel
s
i
m
6.3c si
m
ul
at
i
on envi
ro
nm
ent
.
It
i
s
a
t
o
ol
t
o
si
m
u
l
a
t
e
t
he
d
esi
gn
i
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
dua
l
m
a
nner.
T
he
s
im
ul
at
i
on
o
u
t
put
i
s
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2.
I
t
cl
earl
y
sh
ow
s th
e sim
u
lated
o
u
t
pu
t of
th
e
add
er, and
also
sh
ow
s t
h
e in
p
ut
a
nd
o
ut
put
i
n cl
ear
m
anne
r.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
S
i
m
u
latio
n
Ou
tpu
t
of
Du
al
R
CA
b
ased
S
Q
R
T-
CSLA
On
t
he
o
t
h
e
r
h
and
t
h
e
per
f
o
r
m
ance
o
f
t
he
a
dde
r
ca
n
be
s
y
n
t
h
esi
z
e
d
a
nd
eval
uat
e
d
by
u
si
ng
Xi
l
i
n
x
ISE 1
0
.1
Sim
u
l
atio
n
env
i
ro
nmen
t.
I
t
is
u
sed
to
e
v
a
lu
ate
t
h
e
p
e
r
form
ance
for
t
h
e
propose
d
adde
r.
P
e
r
formance
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
2502-
4
752
In
d
onesi
a
n
J
E
l
ec En
g &
C
o
m
p
Sci
, Vol
.
9
,
N
o.
2
,
Fe
br
uar
y
20
1
8
:
2
53 – 256
25
6
can
b
e
a
n
alyzed
b
y
Sparta
n
3
de
v
i
ce
w
ith
p
ack
ag
e
(p
q-20
8)
a
nd
s
et
t
he
s
pee
d
a
s
-5.
The
a
n
alyzed
r
esults
sho
w
i
n Ta
bl
e
1.
Tabl
e1
. C
om
p
a
ri
so
n
of
N
orm
a
l
an
d Dual R
CA based SQRT-CSL
A
Para
m
e
ters
N
o
r
m
a
l
SQRT
-CS
L
A
Dual RCA based S
QRT-CS
LA
LUTs
2
1
1
6
Occupied Slices
1
5
10
Delay
(
n
s)
2
.
3ns
1
.
7ns
Power
(W)
0.
25w
0
.
21w
6.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
In
t
his
pape
r,
D
ual
RCA
b
as
ed
S
QRT
-
CSL
A
a
dder
w
as
d
esigne
d
for
h
i
gh
s
p
eed
a
nd
l
ow
p
owe
r
ap
p
lication
s
.
Th
e
efficien
t
add
e
r
is
a
p
p
lied
in
to
t
h
e
F
IR
f
i
lte
r
MAC
unit
.
T
he
p
erformance
of
t
he
a
dder
i
s
i
ndi
vi
dual
l
y
c
o
m
put
ed
b
y
usi
ng
xi
l
i
nx
I
S
E
t
ool
.
T
h
e
pr
o
p
o
se
d
ad
der
provides
b
etter
re
sults
f
or
a
rea,
d
elay
and
power.
It
t
akes
l
e
ss
number
o
f
L
U
T
a
n
d
slices;
also
d
elay
o
f
th
e
ci
rcu
it
is
r
edu
c
ed.
So
it
is
s
u
itab
l
e
fo
r
efficien
t
FIR
filter
d
e
sign
.
It
r
ed
u
c
es
t
h
e
L
UT
a
nd
s
lices
c
o
u
n
t
up
t
o
24%
a
nd
a
ch
iev
e
s
26
%
r
e
d
u
c
ti
o
n
i
n
del
a
y
an
d
16
%
re
duct
i
o
n i
n
p
owe
r
i
n t
h
e
p
r
o
pos
ed
ad
d
er
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
B
u
r
i
a
n
A
a
n
d
T
a
k
a
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,
“
V
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I
-
e
ffic
i
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enta
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Chang H
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Sinthuja
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ishra
G.
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ased
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urr
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