Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
8
,
pp.
587
~
590
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v9.i
3
.
pp
587
-
590
587
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Near Fie
ld Com
mu
nicati
on Based
Digital
Transac
tion Ca
rd
Ravich
an
dr
an
1
,
M
. K
ri
sh
namurth
y
2
1
Depa
rtment of I
nform
at
ion
T
ec
h
n
olog
y
,
AM
ET
Univer
sit
y
,
Che
nnai
2
Depa
rtment of
I
nform
at
ion
T
ec
h
nolog
y
,
KCG
Co
ll
eg
e
of
Engi
n
eering
and
T
ec
hno
log
y
,
Ch
enna
i
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
21
, 201
7
Re
vised
Jan
2
9
, 201
8
Accepte
d
Fe
b
1
7
, 201
8
Our
pape
r
ai
m
is
to
design
a
re
progra
m
m
abl
e
sm
art
pa
y
m
e
nt
ca
rd
that
re
place
s
a
ll
oth
e
r
ca
rds
in
the
w
al
l
et
assem
ble
d
using
an
ult
r
a
-
lo
w
power
e
-
pape
r
display
,
B
lue
toot
h
Com
m
unic
a
ti
on,
ca
pa
c
it
ive
touc
h
sens
or
and
NF
C.
The
cont
ro
ll
ers
used
in
thi
s
proje
c
t
ba
sed
on
ARM
Corte
x
-
M
arc
hitect
ur
e.
The
m
ai
n
adv
ant
ag
e
of
thi
s
pape
r
is
the
ca
rd
will
be
in
consta
n
t
comm
unic
at
ion
with
the
sm
art
phone.
In
ca
se
i
f
th
e
conne
c
ti
on
wa
s
lost,
aft
er
a
ce
rt
ai
n
ti
m
e
int
erv
al
the
c
ar
d
int
erp
re
ts
it
as
lost
or
stole
n
and
will
aut
om
a
ticall
y
d
i
sable
it
se
lf.
Th
e
user
ca
n
re
-
ena
b
le
the
ca
rd
onl
y
b
y
en
te
ring
the
aut
hen
ticatio
n
passw
ord
on
th
e
c
ard
and
from
the
sm
art
phone
app.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
NF
C
E
-
Pa
per Dis
play
Bl
uetoo
t
h
a
nd
Digital
Transac
ti
on
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ra
vicha
ndran
,
Depa
rtment
o
f
I
nform
at
ion
T
ec
h
n
olog
y
,
AM
ET
Univer
sit
y
,
Chenn
ai
India
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
So
m
e
research
an
d
de
vel
op
m
ent
ef
forts
w
er
e
bein
g
c
ondu
ct
ed
sim
ultaneou
sly
to
this
st
ud
y
i
n
area
s
of
direct
relev
ance
t
o
the
re
search
.
M
uch
of
this
wor
k
f
al
ls
within
t
he
NF
C
base
d
I
ntell
igent
T
ransac
ti
on
Syst
e
m
s
[1
]
.
Most
of
t
he
pe
op
le
a
re
ta
king
al
l
the
card
s.
So
in
t
his
pro
je
ct
introdu
ce
d
by
dig
it
al
tran
sact
io
n
card
base
d
on
NF
C
[
2].
T
he
us
er
ca
n
a
dd
a
ne
w
car
d,
erase
a
pa
rtic
ular
one
or
e
ve
n
delet
e
al
l
usi
ng
a
sm
artph
on
e
a
pp
[
3].
The
ca
r
d
is
ena
bled
with
Bl
ueto
oth
rad
io
t
o
com
m
un
ic
at
e
with
the
sm
artph
one.
T
he
sm
artcard
can
store
up
to
30
diff
e
re
nt
card
s
.
The
an
droid
app
al
lo
ws
the
us
er
to
see
th
e
cur
re
nt
balan
ce
of
their
ba
nk
acc
ounts
in
thei
r
card
s [
4].
It
al
so
all
ow
s
vie
wing
the
histor
y
of the
transacti
on.
This
el
i
m
inates
the
us
er
f
r
om
loggin
g
into
dif
fe
ren
t
ba
nk
apps
and
m
ai
ntaini
ng
them
[5
]
.
The
syst
em
s
a
nd
procedu
res
in
this
stud
y
[6
]
ar
e
exp
ect
e
d
to
pr
ocess
paym
ent
transacti
ons
done
m
or
e
quic
kly,
easi
ly
and
secu
rely
.
The
dat
a
accuracy
is
e
xp
ect
e
d
in
im
plem
enting
lo
ya
lt
y
m
anag
e
m
ent
based
on
util
isi
ng
dat
a
m
ining
of
c
us
tom
er
beh
a
viou
r
patte
rn
to
ward
the
purch
ase
of
pro
duct
s
ever
yt
im
e
m
or
e
eff
ic
ie
nt.
In
[
7],
th
ey
discuss
e
d
a
ne
w
pro
xy
blind
m
ulti
-
sign
at
ur
e
schem
e
based
on
intege
r
fa
ct
or
isa
ti
on
pro
blem
(I
FP)
a
nd
discrete
lo
ga
rith
m
pro
blem
(D
LP
).
Digital
i
m
a
ge
encr
y
ptio
n
has
been
ac
hieve
d
us
in
g
hybri
d
(
DES
-
RSA)
cry
ptog
raphic
te
chn
iq
ue
f
o
r
app
li
cat
io
ns
ove
r
wireless
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
networks.
T
he
ov
erall
si
m
ulati
o
n
res
ults
yi
el
d
us
ef
ul
inf
or
m
at
ion
[
8]
.
The
te
c
hnol
og
y
giv
es
an
im
pr
ov
e
d
sec
uri
ty
of
the
sel
e
ct
ed
im
ages
accor
ding
to
S
ha
nnon'
s
def
i
niti
on
of
pe
rf
ect
safety
.
T
he
m
et
ho
d
us
e
d
in
[
9]
w
ould
avo
i
d
any
intr
usi
on
li
ke
phis
hi
ng
.
T
his
syst
em
can
be
ev
olv
e
d
us
i
ng
Bi
om
et
ric
-
Kerber
os
base
d
A
uth
e
ntic
at
ion
P
ro
t
oc
ol
to
pro
vid
e
secu
rity
in
Cl
ou
d
Co
m
pu
ti
ng
furthe
rm
or
e.
2.
WORKI
NG
P
RINCIPLE
All
in
on
e
el
e
ct
ronic
dig
it
al
transacti
on
card
r
eplaci
ng
the
p
re
sent
m
ulti
-
card
sce
na
rio
ba
sed
on
NF
C,
E
-
Pa
per
disp
la
y,
Bl
uet
oo
t
h
an
d
Ca
p
To
uch
Se
ns
e
.
As
sho
wn
i
n
F
ig
ure
1
&
Fi
g
ure
2
t
he
us
e
r
has
to
enter
a
fou
r
-
dig
it
secur
e
P
IN
befor
e
s
witc
hin
g
ca
rd
s
or
m
a
king
cha
ng
e
s
to
the
car
d.
O
nc
e
the
authe
ntica
ti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
5
87
–
590
588
com
plete
d,
the
desire
d
ca
rd
ca
n be select
ed b
y ju
st s
wi
ping
on the ca
p
t
ou
c
h
area
and
us
e
d
f
or pa
ym
ent. I
f
t
he
card
is al
read
y sel
ect
ed,
o
nly enterin
g
t
he
se
cur
e PIN w
il
l
un
l
ock
the
ca
r
d
f
or
paym
ent,
ens
ur
in
g
t
hat
no o
the
r
can
ta
ke
t
he
ca
rd
a
nd
us
e
it
.
Be
fore
ha
ndli
n
g
the
ca
rd
t
o
a
m
erch
ant,
t
he
us
er
will
be
a
bl
e
to
lock
it
wi
th
only
the
la
st
f
our
di
gits
of
t
he
ca
rd
visible
us
in
g
a
sim
ple
tou
ch
on
th
e
ca
rd.
T
o
ena
ble
this,
the
ca
r
d
has
a
capaci
ti
ve
to
uc
h
in
put
area
th
at
senses
both
bu
tt
on
press
a
s
well
as
swa
pp
ing
ges
t
ur
es
.
E
nterin
g
s
ecu
re
PI
N
and sw
it
c
hing
card
s
are
th
us
i
ntu
it
ive a
nd a
n ea
sy o
ne wit
hi
n
a
fe
w
sec
onds.
Figure
1
.
Ca
r
d Un
it
Figure
2
.
N
FC
Re
ader
-
Wr
it
er
Un
it
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
An
E
-
Pa
pe
r
di
sp
la
y
em
bed
de
d
on
th
e
car
d
will
sh
ow
the
detai
ls
of
t
he
currently
sel
ect
ed
car
d.
E
-
Pape
r
dis
play
s
are
pe
rm
anen
t
that
needs
no
powe
r
to
retai
n
the
i
m
age
on
a
screen
.
T
his
he
lps
the
car
d
t
o
r
un
on
a
sm
al
l
batter
y
fo
r
se
veral
m
on
ths.
T
he
us
er
ca
n
ad
d
a
new
car
d,
era
se
a
par
ti
cular
on
e
or
ev
en
de
le
te
all
us
in
g
a
sm
artph
one a
pp. T
he
card i
s en
a
ble
d wit
h
Bl
ueto
oth
rad
i
o
to
co
m
m
un
ic
at
e w
it
h t
he
sm
artph
one
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Ne
ar
Fiel
d C
omm
unic
atio
n
B
as
e
d
Di
gital Tr
an
s
actio
n
C
ard
(
Ravic
handr
an
)
589
Figure
3
.
Ca
r
d Un
it
Figure
4
.
N
FC
Re
ader
/
Wr
it
er
Un
it
The
tra
ns
act
io
n
pa
rt
dem
o
can
be
car
ried
ou
t
us
ing
a
n
N
F
C
enab
le
d
A
ndro
i
d
sm
artph
on
e
or
usi
ng
a
separ
at
el
y
desi
gn
e
d
N
FC
rea
der
-
w
rite
r
de
vice
as
sh
own
in
Fig
ur
e
3
&
F
ig
ure
4.
T
his
de
vice
consi
sts
of
an
NF
C c
on
t
ro
ll
er
to
c
omm
un
ic
at
e w
it
h
the
car
d
a
nd a
gr
a
ph
ic
s d
is
play
to
s
how
the
res
ults.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
f
uture,
this
desig
n
is
i
m
pl
e
m
ented
by
product
ty
pe
car
d.
Th
e
pro
po
s
ed
syst
e
m
is
of
two
m
ai
n
par
ts,
na
m
ely,
a
m
ap
un
it
,
a
nd
NF
C
rea
der
/
wr
it
er
unit
.
T
he
entire
paym
e
nt
pr
ocess
ca
rri
ed
ove
r
NF
C,
wh
ic
h
is
a
secur
e
a
nd
un
i
ver
sal
c
on
t
act
le
ss
pay
m
ent
te
chn
ol
og
y.
A
po
werfu
l
N
FC
trans
ponde
r
chi
p
is
em
be
dd
e
d
on
the
card
to
suppo
rt
this.
This
chip
al
so
act
s
as
the
per
m
a
nen
t
m
e
m
or
y
area
to
store
the
card
detai
ls.
An
E
-
Pape
r
disp
la
y
e
m
bed
de
d
on
t
he
ca
rd
will
s
how
the
detai
ls
of
the
c
urre
ntly
sel
ect
ed
car
d.
E
-
Pape
r
dis
play
s
are
per
m
anen
t
that
need
s no
po
w
er
to
retai
n
t
he
i
m
age
on
sc
ree
n.
T
his
hel
ps
the
car
d
to r
un o
n
a
sm
al
l
batter
y
for
sever
al
m
on
t
hs.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
ABI
Resea
rc
h,
et
a
l.,
Near
Fi
el
d
Comm
unic
ati
ons
(
NF
C)
.
Simpli
fy
ing
an
d
Ex
panding.
C
onta
c
tl
ess
Comm
erc
e
,
Connec
ti
v
ity
,
an
d
Conte
n
t, 2006.
[2]
J.Park,
et
al.
Sec
urit
y
t
ec
hno
logi
es
and
app
licati
ons
for
convergenc
e
environm
ent
s,”
Secur
i
t
y
and
Com
m
unic
ation
Networks
,
2012.
[3]
D.
Kasta
nis,
et
al
.
An
ef
f
ic
i
e
nt
authe
nticat
io
n
sche
me
for
cont
act
l
ess
sm
artc
ards
using
el
li
pti
c
curv
e
cry
p
tog
raphy,
Com
m
unic
at
ion, Net
work,
and
In
form
at
ion
Secu
ri
t
y
,
2006
.
[4]
Global
Platform
,
et
al
.
The
Global
Pl
atf
o
rm
Propositi
on
for
NFC
Mobi
le
:
Sec
ure
E
lem
ent
Manage
ment
a
nd
Me
ss
aging,
Apri
l
2009.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
5
87
–
590
590
[5]
I.
As
kox
y
l
ak
is,
e
t al
.
Int
egrat
ion
of
a
se
cure
mobile
pa
yme
nt
system
in
a
GSM
/UMTS SIM
sm
art c
ard,
S
y
stem
,
2007.
[6]
Ferina
Ferdi
ant
i
,
Yus
uf
Triyus
woy
o
,
Dewi
Agus
hint
a
R.
Ut
il
izati
on
of
Nea
r
Fiel
d
Com
m
unic
ation
Technol
o
g
y
for
Lo
y
al
t
y
Man
agem
ent
,
TEL
KOM
NIKA
(
Tele
communic
ati
on
Co
mputing
El
e
ct
ro
nic
s
and
Control)
,
Vol
11,
No
3,
Septe
m
ber
2013
,
PP
.
617
-
624.
[7]
Sw
at
i
Verm
a,
Bire
n
dra
Kum
ar
Sharm
a,
N
ew
Prox
y
Bli
nd
Multi
Signat
ur
e
base
d
on
Integer
-
Fact
or
izati
o
n
and
Discre
te
-
Loga
r
ithm
Problems
,
Bul
le
t
in
of
El
e
ct
ri
cal
Engi
ne
ering
and
Informatic
s
(
BE
EI)
,
Vol
1
,
No
3,
Septe
mbe
r
2012,
pp
.
185
-
1
90.
[8]
Kaz
ee
m
B.
Adede
ji,
Akinlo
lu
A.
Ponnle
.
I
m
prove
d
Im
age
Enc
r
y
p
ti
on
for
Rea
l
-
Ti
m
e
Ap
pli
c
at
ion
ov
er
W
ire
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