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I
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v
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All
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s
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with
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[
1
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k
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in
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[
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[
3
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I
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tech
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au
to
m
atic
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[
4
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with
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
24
:
1
63
-
1
73
164
E
v
en
wh
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th
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is
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ex
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ti
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5
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6
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T
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ic
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
,
wh
ich
ca
n
eith
er
p
u
r
p
o
s
ely
o
r
ac
cid
en
tally
ev
o
lv
e
ch
e
m
icals,
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
,
r
eu
s
ab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
in
r
o
o
m
s
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
m
a
n
y
o
t
h
er
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
].
T
h
e
f
ield
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
n
o
s
e
s
y
s
tem
s
h
as b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
q
u
i
ck
ly
with
ex
p
lo
s
iv
e
ch
em
icals’
o
b
jectiv
e
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
v
er
y
m
u
ch
th
e
s
o
cial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
As
m
en
tio
n
ab
o
v
e,
v
a
r
io
u
s
in
v
esti
g
ate
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
in
th
is
ar
ea
,
an
d
s
e
v
er
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
h
a
v
e
a
v
ailab
le.
Ho
wev
er
,
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t,
im
m
e
d
iate,
an
d
co
n
s
tan
t
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
o
f
o
d
o
r
s
f
o
r
an
ex
ac
t
ap
p
licatio
n
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
is
r
ea
d
in
g
is
to
ex
p
an
d
a
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
n
o
s
e
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
y
s
tem
th
at
ca
n
m
ak
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
th
o
s
e
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
is
th
esis
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
two
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ar
ea
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
o
f
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
m
ak
e
p
r
o
b
ab
le
s
m
all
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ev
ices
with
f
ast
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
co
s
t.
Seco
n
d
,
n
e
w
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
o
d
o
r
m
ix
tu
r
e
ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
Var
io
u
s
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
n
o
s
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
ield
s
o
f
f
ar
m
in
g
.
W
ith
u
s
e
o
f
v
ar
i
o
u
s
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
i
n
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
an
d
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
th
ese
elec
tr
o
n
ic
n
o
s
es
h
av
e
r
esu
lted
in
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
in
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e.
Acc
u
r
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
o
il,
wea
th
er
an
d
n
u
tr
ie
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
wid
e
v
ar
ie
ty
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
[
1
2
]
.
Sen
s
o
r
s
ar
e
m
o
s
tly
u
s
ed
f
o
r
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
.
E
-
n
o
s
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t’
s
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
-
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
en
ab
les
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
r
es
u
lts
m
ee
t
th
e
q
u
ality
b
aselin
e
s
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
s
et
b
y
au
th
o
r
itar
ian
ag
e
n
cy
an
d
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
f
o
r
cr
itical
s
alab
ilit
y
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
,
id
en
tify
in
g
ch
em
ical
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
o
f
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
in
th
e
w
o
r
k
p
lace
o
r
g
en
er
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
r
e
q
u
ir
es
an
an
aly
tical
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
wi
th
ex
ce
llen
t
s
elec
tiv
ity
an
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
[
1
3
]
.
I
t
is
co
m
p
ete
n
t
o
f
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
c
o
m
p
lex
,
o
r
g
an
ic,
an
d
in
o
r
g
a
n
ic
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
m
ix
tu
r
es
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
an
aly
tical
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
e
x
p
lo
s
iv
e
ch
e
m
ical
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
ch
ar
a
cter
izatio
n
f
o
r
wh
ich
a
d
e
tailed
s
tu
d
y
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
a
n
d
h
en
ce
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
h
as
b
ee
n
tak
en
u
p
o
n
h
an
d
.
A
co
m
p
lete
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
’
s
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
f
ab
r
icatio
n
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
with
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
lay
er
s
an
d
its
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
ch
em
icals
lik
e
ca
r
b
o
n
tetr
ac
h
lo
r
id
e
(
C
C
L
4
)
,
a
ce
to
n
e
(
C
H3
)
2
C
O
,
am
m
o
n
ia
(
NH4
)
,
m
eth
a
n
o
l,
eth
an
o
l,
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
tak
en
u
p
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
s
tu
d
y
o
n
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
e
n
s
itiv
ity
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
t
y
p
e
o
f
in
d
icatio
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
e,
k
n
o
wn
as
ex
p
lo
s
iv
e
c
h
em
ical
v
a
p
o
r
,
h
as
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ted
,
an
d
f
ilm
s
with
n
an
o
-
m
ate
r
ial
ar
e
th
e
d
e
p
o
s
it.
A
s
tu
d
y
o
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
f
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
d
ev
ices
is
also
d
esig
n
ed
[
1
4
]
.
Dete
ctio
n
a
n
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
n
o
s
e,
wh
ich
c
o
n
s
is
ted
o
f
an
ar
r
a
y
o
f
f
i
v
e
f
a
b
r
icate
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
s
elec
tiv
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
o
f
C
C
L
4
,
C
H3
2
C
O,
NH4
,
m
eth
an
o
l
an
d
eth
an
o
l,
v
o
latile
o
r
g
an
ic
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
No
n
-
v
o
latile
o
r
g
an
ic
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
[
1
5
]
.
Du
e
t
o
th
e
h
i
g
h
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
f
o
o
d
a
n
d
a
g
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
ap
p
licatio
n
to
d
etec
t
ex
p
lo
s
iv
es
c
h
em
icals
to
m
o
n
ito
r
ai
r
q
u
ality
,
s
o
il
q
u
ality
an
d
f
o
o
d
q
u
ality
f
o
r
r
eg
u
latio
n
co
m
p
lian
ce
,
r
ap
id
o
n
-
s
ite
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
an
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
NH4
,
C
H3
2
C
O,
C
C
L
4
,
m
eth
an
o
l
an
d
eth
an
o
l,
n
on
-
v
o
latile
an
d
v
o
lat
ile
o
r
g
an
ic
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
in
t
h
e
ai
r
b
ec
o
m
e
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
esear
c
h
ar
ea
[
1
6
]
.
Qu
ick
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
p
o
is
o
n
o
u
s
g
as
tr
ac
es
r
eq
u
i
r
e
m
u
ltip
le
s
p
o
ts
,
f
ast
an
aly
s
i
s
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
g
ases
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
o
f
o
r
g
an
ic
an
d
in
o
r
g
a
n
ic
ev
id
en
ce
is
v
er
y
ch
allen
g
i
n
g
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
lo
g
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
b
ec
au
s
e
tar
g
et
o
r
g
an
ic
an
d
in
o
r
g
a
n
ic
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
lo
w
an
d
g
ases
ar
e
in
m
ix
ed
s
tate.
Nee
d
s
f
o
r
o
n
s
ite
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
air
q
u
ality
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
b
e
m
et
b
y
cu
r
r
en
t
elec
tr
o
n
ic
n
o
s
e
-
b
ase
d
tech
n
iq
u
es d
u
e
to
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
:
−
L
o
n
g
s
am
p
lin
g
tim
e
−
L
o
w
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
−
L
im
ited
r
an
g
e
Var
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
lik
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
ch
em
ical
tr
ac
es,
ex
p
l
o
s
iv
es
,
an
d
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
ch
em
ic
al
g
as
u
s
e
g
as
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
Gas
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
o
r
k
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
ch
a
n
g
e
in
P
-
ty
p
e
a
n
d
N
-
ty
p
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
i
n
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
g
ases
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
c
o
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
ch
a
n
g
e
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
g
ases
ar
e
d
etec
ted
.
Fo
llo
win
g
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
a
d
v
an
tag
es o
f
m
etal
o
x
id
e
-
b
ased
g
as sen
s
o
r
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
o
th
e
r
s
:
−
Qu
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
−
L
o
w
co
s
t
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
ese
t
y
p
e
g
as
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
s
e
f
iv
e
g
as
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
f
in
d
ta
r
g
et
o
r
g
an
ic
an
d
in
o
r
g
an
ic
i
n
t
h
e
air
d
u
e
to
ex
p
lo
s
iv
es c
h
em
icals in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
Fo
llo
win
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
p
r
ev
en
t th
em
f
r
o
m
wid
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
:
−
Hig
h
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
−
R
ed
u
ce
d
s
elec
tiv
ity
−
L
o
w
co
m
p
ass
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
r
tifi
cia
l n
eu
r
a
l n
etw
o
r
k
-
b
a
s
ed
in
tellig
en
t sen
s
o
r
-
b
a
s
ed
elec
tr
o
n
ic
…
(
Ma
n
ju
n
a
t
h
Ma
n
a
g
u
li
)
165
T
h
er
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o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
is
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
r
e
al
-
tim
e,
co
n
v
e
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ien
t,
h
ig
h
-
p
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f
o
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m
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en
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s
to
n
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tice
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r
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a
n
ic
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d
in
o
r
g
an
ic
s
ig
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if
ican
ce
at
th
e
t
h
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esh
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ld
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E
v
en
th
o
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g
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th
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1
st
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
to
d
etec
tin
g
d
is
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ctiv
e
ar
o
m
as
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eg
in
in
[
19
]
-
[
22
]
in
th
e
1
9
2
1
s
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e
th
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g
h
t
to
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e
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with
a
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m
ain
ly
d
ec
lar
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d
in
[
23
]
an
d
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ex
t
i
n
[
24
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,
[
25
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in
t
h
e
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r
ly
1
9
8
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s
.
C
o
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v
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ely
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estrictio
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elay
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en
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p
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ess
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tio
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.
E
a
r
ly
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ter
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,
an
e
-
n
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e,
is
co
llected
f
r
o
m
a
m
u
ltis
en
s
o
r
y
ar
r
ay
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at
is
an
s
wer
ab
le
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
a
s
in
g
le
ch
em
ical
co
m
p
o
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en
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C
o
n
s
e
q
u
en
tly
,
eq
u
ally
,
tech
n
ical
im
p
r
o
v
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m
en
ts
in
s
en
s
o
r
s
th
e
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o
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th
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o
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at
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h
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E
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n
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e
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l
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id
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s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t e
x
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
its
ap
p
licatio
n
.
2.
T
YP
E
S O
F
G
AS SE
N
SE
M
E
T
H
O
D
E
x
p
lain
in
g
th
e
c
h
an
g
e
in
q
u
a
n
tity
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
a
s
en
s
o
r
.
I
n
u
n
iv
er
s
al,
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
ter
m
as
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
th
at
g
en
er
ates
a
s
ig
n
al
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
o
n
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
in
p
u
ts
’
lev
el.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
er
e
ar
e
d
is
s
im
il
ar
ty
p
es
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
as
a
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
p
u
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
c
h
an
g
e
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
y
p
e
o
f
s
en
s
e
m
eth
o
d
2
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
g
a
s
s
ens
o
r’
s
perm
a
nence
T
o
esti
m
ate
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
g
as sen
s
e
m
eth
o
d
,
m
u
s
t c
o
n
s
id
er
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
in
d
icato
r
s
:
−
Sen
s
itiv
ity
: th
e
s
m
allest v
alu
e
o
f
an
o
b
jects g
ases
’
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
wh
en
m
i
g
h
t
d
etec
ted
th
em
.
−
Selectiv
ity
: th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
as sen
s
o
r
s
to
r
ec
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g
n
ize
a
d
etailed
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as a
m
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s
t a
g
as c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
.
−
R
ea
ctio
n
tim
e:
th
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f
r
o
m
th
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ates a
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−
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ev
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: w
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clu
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itio
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−
Ad
s
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r
p
tiv
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(
as we
ll a
s
af
f
ec
t c
o
m
p
ass
io
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an
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s
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ity
)
−
Ma
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Ad
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T
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1
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Sen
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5
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7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
24
:
1
63
-
1
73
166
2
.
2
.
M
et
ho
d o
f
a
n E
-
no
s
e
An
E
-
n
o
s
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
an
eq
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a
l
s
o
f
twar
e
a
n
d
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
as
b
r
ief
ly
d
e
p
icted
in
a
ch
em
ical
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
i
tially
,
th
e
ch
e
m
ical
air
is
im
m
er
s
ed
b
y
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
elec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
icatio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
i
n
th
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e,
in
cid
en
ce
,
an
d
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
ch
em
ical
ap
p
ar
atu
s
in
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
co
llectio
n
.
Sin
c
e
th
e
s
ep
ar
ate
ty
p
e
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
is
ty
p
ically
in
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
in
s
en
s
o
r
ar
r
ay
s
,
th
e
o
b
tain
e
d
s
ig
n
al
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
d
iv
id
u
als'
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
ch
an
g
e
a
n
d
a
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
m
et
h
o
d
is
to
d
i
g
italize
th
em
to
m
u
ltip
licity
a
d
ataset.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
E
-
n
o
s
e
s
y
s
tem
2
.
3
.
F
o
o
d/
s
o
il sa
m
ples
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
s
ee
s
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Stan
d
ar
d
f
o
o
d
s
am
p
les
an
d
s
o
il
m
o
is
tu
r
e
s
am
p
les
at
o
r
b
elo
w
3
5
°C
ar
e
b
o
th
k
e
p
t
at
th
e
d
esig
n
ated
test
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
to
h
o
ld
o
n
to
ex
tr
a
ch
em
ically
m
ix
e
d
s
am
p
les
in
T
ab
le
2
.
W
ith
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
s
o
n
th
e
f
o
o
d
s
am
p
les,
E
n
o
s
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
p
r
ep
r
o
c
ess
in
g
an
d
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tic
v
ec
to
r
an
d
r
em
o
v
al,
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
o
il
q
u
ality
S
o
i
l
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
e
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
S
o
i
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
S
o
i
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
l
e
v
e
l
1
3
.
5
0
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6
%
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
a
c
i
d
i
t
y
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i
t
a
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l
e
f
o
r
c
r
o
p
2
0
.
5
0
-
3
%
N
o
r
mal
a
c
i
d
i
t
y
S
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
c
r
o
p
s
o
y
b
e
a
n
a
n
d
P
i
e
5
.
5
0
-
0
%
N
o
a
c
i
d
i
t
y
S
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
c
r
o
p
-
0
-
9
%
M
o
r
e
a
c
i
d
i
t
y
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
o
c
r
o
p
2
7
.
5
0
-
1
2
%
A
c
i
d
i
t
y
N
o
u
se
f
o
r
c
r
o
p
2
.
3
.
1
.
E
lect
ro
nic
no
s
e
ins
t
ru
m
ent
s
us
ed
W
id
ely
av
ailab
le
o
f
co
m
m
e
r
cial
E
-
n
o
s
e.
I
n
th
is
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t,
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
a
m
etal
o
x
id
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
o
p
e
d
with
a
c
o
p
p
er
m
etal
ca
taly
s
t
an
d
o
p
e
r
a
te
at
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
at
u
r
es
(
u
p
t
o
4
5
0
°C
)
.
W
h
en
th
e
VOCs
f
r
o
m
th
e
test
m
ate
r
ial
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
’
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
ch
a
n
g
es,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
elec
tr
ical
s
ig
n
al
o
n
a
p
air
o
f
m
etal
elec
tr
o
d
es
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
Var
y
in
g
ea
ch
s
en
s
o
r
’
s
s
elec
tiv
ity
in
th
e
ar
r
ay
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
ch
a
n
g
in
g
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
/
d
o
p
in
g
m
ater
i
als an
d
alter
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e.
2
.
3
.
2
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
a
l
t
ec
hn
iqu
e
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
etailed
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
el
em
en
ts
in
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
,
in
g
en
er
al,
u
s
es
th
e
ch
em
ical
m
ec
h
an
is
m
d
iv
is
io
n
in
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
.
I
n
m
o
s
t
ca
s
es,
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
id
e
n
tify
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
’
s
wo
r
k
in
g
s
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
ed
to
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
th
e
ch
em
ical
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
also
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
o
f
g
as
m
ass
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
an
d
ch
r
o
m
ato
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
MS
-
GC
)
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ac
ce
p
ted
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latin
g
v
o
latile
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
s
in
ce
th
e
ex
ce
p
tio
n
.
Sep
ar
atio
n
is
g
o
t
b
y
in
teg
r
ated
u
s
e
o
f
g
as
ch
r
o
m
ato
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
tech
n
iq
u
e
with
h
ig
h
s
en
s
itiv
ity
m
ass
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
a
n
d
its
f
a
cility
to
id
en
tify
th
e
ex
p
lo
s
iv
e
ch
em
icals b
ased
o
n
th
eir
s
ep
ar
atio
n
p
atter
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
r
tifi
cia
l n
eu
r
a
l n
etw
o
r
k
-
b
a
s
ed
in
tellig
en
t sen
s
o
r
-
b
a
s
ed
elec
tr
o
n
ic
…
(
Ma
n
ju
n
a
t
h
Ma
n
a
g
u
li
)
167
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
r
o
jecte
d
E
-
n
o
s
e
s
y
s
tem
is
s
ep
ar
ated
in
to
3
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
is
h
ar
d
war
e
e
n
lar
g
em
en
t.
I
n
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
,
th
e
d
etec
to
r
cir
cu
it,
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
r
ay
an
d
an
alo
g
to
d
ig
ital
co
n
v
er
to
r
,
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
ea
b
le.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
elem
en
t
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
to
ex
p
an
d
t
h
e
p
atter
n
-
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
ANN
)
u
s
in
g
M
AT
L
AB
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
ANN
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
teg
o
r
ize
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
ch
em
icals
in
to
t
h
eir
in
d
iv
id
u
al
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
elem
en
t
is
to
in
ter
f
ac
e
th
e
h
a
r
d
war
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
twar
e
with
an
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
3
.
1
.
Co
llect
i
o
n o
f
s
ens
o
rs
An
ar
r
a
y
o
f
5
ch
em
ical
g
as
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ch
em
ically
f
u
n
ctio
n
aliz
ed
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ch
em
ical
s
am
p
les
was
u
s
ed
.
E
ac
h
s
en
s
o
r
is
a
ch
i
p
,
wh
ich
h
as
a
p
air
o
f
m
atch
i
n
g
p
lan
ar
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
ar
e
m
ad
e
o
f
p
o
ly
s
ilico
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
p
o
ly
s
ilico
n
is
co
v
er
ed
with
a
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
2
0
-
nm
-
th
ick
la
y
er
o
f
SiO
2
.
T
h
is
la
y
er
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
f
o
r
th
e
good
c
h
em
ical
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
r
g
an
ic
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
es
as
a
th
in
lay
er
to
attr
ac
t
tar
g
eted
ch
em
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
to
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
3
.
2
.
E
x
t
r
a
ct
f
e
a
t
ures sta
rt
ing
Arduin
o
I
D
E
Her
e'
s
a
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
tu
to
r
ial
o
n
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
I
DE
t
o
ex
tr
ac
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
r
o
m
y
o
u
r
s
er
ialized
.
I
t
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
th
at
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
in
th
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
-
b
ased
s
er
ialized
co
p
ier
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
d
etec
ts
p
ar
ts
p
er
m
illi
o
n
(
PP
M)
v
alu
es
p
r
ec
is
ely
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
eig
h
t
f
ewe
r
th
a
n
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
d
ata.
On
ce
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
h
as
war
m
ed
u
p
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
an
h
o
u
r
,
th
is
p
r
ec
is
io
n
n
ee
d
s
t
o
b
e
k
ep
t.
T
h
e
d
etec
ted
v
al
u
es
also
n
ee
d
to
b
e
in
s
id
e
th
e
cr
itical
r
an
g
e
th
at
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
'
s
d
atash
ee
t sp
ec
if
ies
.
3
.
3
.
F
o
o
d
s
a
m
ple c
o
llect
i
o
n
Un
u
s
u
al
r
ice
s
am
p
les
ar
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
o
r
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
as
th
eir
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
q
u
ick
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
,
it
m
ay
r
ea
s
o
n
lo
s
s
to
co
m
m
er
ce
o
r
clien
t.
E
ig
h
t
d
is
s
im
ilar
r
ice
s
am
p
les
wer
e
k
ep
t
in
r
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
ass
em
b
ly
r
o
o
m
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tatio
n
with
ea
ch
ty
p
e
o
f
f
o
o
d
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
f
o
o
d
s
ar
e
co
n
s
er
v
e
d
at
35
°
C
.
Sep
ar
ate
im
p
er
v
i
o
u
s
b
o
x
es a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
s
to
r
e
t
h
e
f
o
o
d
t
o
av
o
id
th
eir
o
d
o
r
a
n
d
,
t
h
u
s
,
n
o
is
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
3
.
4
.
E
nv
iro
nm
ent
a
l
a
ir
m
o
nito
ring
T
h
e
ch
em
ical
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile,
an
d
h
o
m
e
in
to
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
h
as
ca
u
s
ed
I
o
T
m
an
y
g
lo
b
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
p
o
llu
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
llu
tan
ts
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
a
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
o
d
o
r
c
o
n
tam
in
atio
n
.
I
n
1
9
8
9
,
t
o
x
ic
leak
ag
e
f
r
o
m
f
o
o
d
waste
en
ter
ed
in
to
lak
es
in
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
a
n
d
p
o
is
o
n
ed
th
e
wate
r
m
ak
in
g
it u
n
s
u
itab
le
f
or
aq
u
atic
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
life
.
3
.
5
.
Chem
ic
a
l
s
ens
o
r
m
a
t
er
i
a
ls
T
h
e
v
ar
iety
o
f
g
as
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
m
ater
ials
is
co
m
p
lete
an
d
ca
n
b
e
s
ep
ar
ated
in
to
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
way
s
,
m
o
r
eo
v
e
r
b
y
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
ty
p
e
o
r
b
y
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic.
T
h
e
d
i
s
s
im
ilar
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
ch
em
ical
s
en
s
o
r
m
ater
ials
h
as
b
ee
n
r
e
p
o
r
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
v
ar
iety
o
f
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ty
p
e
in
v
o
l
v
es
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
i
n
o
r
g
a
n
ic
m
ate
r
ials
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tai
n
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
m
etal
o
x
id
es,
p
o
r
o
u
s
a
r
ticle,
an
d
m
etallic
ca
taly
s
ts
.
T
h
es
e
ty
p
es
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
wh
en
th
ey
ar
e
o
p
er
atin
g
at
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
g
ath
e
r
in
g
as
c
ataly
tic
m
ater
ials
in
p
er
m
an
en
t,
o
r
c
h
em
ically
im
m
ed
iate,
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
ch
em
ical
o
x
i
d
e
ca
taly
s
ts
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
r
o
m
I
p
r
eser
v
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
ee
n
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
ch
em
ical
th
in
p
ictu
r
es
m
ad
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
im
m
ed
iate
m
ak
es
a
s
er
ies
o
f
s
o
f
t
ex
p
lo
s
iv
e
in
an
NH4
,
C
H3
2
C
O,
C
C
L
4
,
m
eth
an
o
l,
an
d
et
h
an
o
l
f
r
o
m
a
m
etallic
tar
g
et
(
d
ash
lin
e)
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ch
em
ical
s
am
p
les
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
m
a
k
in
g
a
s
er
ies
o
f
s
o
f
t
ex
p
lo
s
iv
e
in
a
C
C
L
4
,
C
H3
2
C
O
,
NH4
,
m
eth
an
o
l
,
an
d
eth
a
n
o
l
tar
g
et
(
s
o
lid
lin
e
an
d
liq
u
id
lin
e)
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
v
ar
iatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
is
th
at
th
e
s
am
p
les
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
e
x
p
lo
s
iv
e
tar
g
ets
co
n
tain
co
n
f
id
en
ce
p
ea
k
s
th
at
ty
p
ically
cr
ea
te
3
6
0
-
3
6
0
.
5
ab
o
v
e
th
e
ess
en
tial
ev
alu
atio
n
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
co
p
p
er
m
ater
ials
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
f
o
r
c
o
p
p
e
r
m
ater
ial,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
to
u
n
e
x
p
ec
ted
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
elec
tr
o
n
s
with
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
t
o
war
d
s
h
ig
h
e
r
n
ec
ess
ar
y
en
er
g
ies
in
d
iv
id
u
al
with
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ea
k
s
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
t
h
ese
th
in
f
ilm
s
o
r
g
an
ize
d
b
y
m
ak
in
g
a
s
er
ies
o
f
s
o
f
t
ex
p
lo
s
iv
es
f
r
o
m
e
x
p
lo
s
iv
e
ch
e
m
ical
tar
g
ets in
th
e
air
h
a
v
e
m
ix
e
d
v
o
latile
ch
em
ical
s
tates
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
u
s
,
ch
e
m
icals,
wh
ich
ar
e
to
b
e
th
e
e
n
ter
d
ata
f
o
r
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
an
d
th
e
E
-
n
o
s
e
em
p
l
o
y
e
q
u
ally
,
a
r
e
co
n
f
id
en
tial.
T
h
e
r
e
g
u
lar
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
m
et
h
o
d
c
an
n
o
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
with
n
o
t
a
co
m
p
o
s
ed
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
d
etailed
ar
o
m
as
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
ar
r
ay
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
d
etec
t
b
esieg
ed
ch
em
icals
in
a
g
o
-
b
etwe
en
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o
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al
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ar
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a.
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h
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ical
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en
s
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r
s
ar
e
u
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to
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et
ec
t
ch
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icals
in
th
e
av
er
ag
e.
T
h
ese
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
wap
ch
em
icals in
o
r
d
er
in
t
o
th
e
o
r
g
an
ized
s
ig
n
al
in
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
24
:
1
63
-
1
73
168
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Am
m
o
n
ia
g
as c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
aly
s
is
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
t
h
an
o
l
g
as c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
aly
s
is
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ace
to
n
e
g
as c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
an
aly
s
is
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
ar
b
o
n
tetr
ac
h
l
o
r
id
e
g
as c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
aly
s
es
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
b
y
g
as
in
ai
r
f
r
o
m
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
tar
g
et,
a
co
n
tr
ac
ted
p
ea
k
at
-
2
.
5
3
1
%
wa
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
No
tar
g
et
p
ea
k
s
wer
e
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
s
er
ies
o
f
s
o
f
t
ex
p
lo
s
iv
e,
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
th
e
f
il
m
is
m
ain
ly
co
llected
f
r
o
m
C
C
L
4
,
NH4
,
C
H3
2
C
O,
m
eth
an
o
l,
a
n
d
eth
an
o
l.
C
o
p
p
er
m
ater
ial
also
eq
u
ip
p
ed
t
h
in
f
il
m
s
f
r
o
m
a
ch
em
ical
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
tar
g
et
in
a
g
as.
W
as
an
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
elatio
n
to
th
o
s
e
v
o
latile
tar
g
ets
f
o
r
a
th
in
f
i
lm
,
as
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
th
is
is
s
am
e
as
th
at
o
f
r
esu
lts
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e.
I
n
t
h
e
s
er
ies
o
f
s
o
f
t
ex
p
lo
s
iv
e
f
o
r
a
ch
em
ical
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
,
th
e
co
r
e
lev
els
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
at
-
2
.
5
3
1
%
an
d
1
2
0
%,
in
th
at
o
r
d
er
,
b
o
th
o
f
w
h
ich
a
r
e
in
g
ath
e
r
in
g
with
th
o
s
e
v
alu
es ty
p
ically
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
in
NH4
,
C
H3
2
C
O,
C
C
L
4
,
m
eth
a
n
o
l
,
a
n
d
eth
an
o
l
th
in
f
ilm
s
.
T
esti
n
g
at
th
e
lim
it,
th
er
e
is
n
o
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
if
icatio
n
ir
r
e
g
u
lar
ities
T
ab
le
4
.
R
elatio
n
ex
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
was
co
n
d
u
ct
to
au
th
e
n
ticate
th
is
f
in
ale
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
C
L
4
,
NH4
,
C
H3
2
C
O
,
m
eth
an
o
l,
an
d
eth
an
o
l
in
t
o
th
e
g
as
s
tr
ea
m
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
ex
p
l
o
s
iv
e
g
as
ac
h
iev
es
in
th
e
lo
w
h
ig
h
-
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
an
g
e
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
s
am
e
s
ig
n
an
d
r
ea
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
h
i
g
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
i.e
.
,
f
r
o
m
a
n
eg
ativ
e
ch
em
ical
g
as
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
to
a
n
ex
ac
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
esu
lt c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
with
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
t
c
an
b
e
in
f
e
r
r
ed
th
at
s
am
e
ca
ta
ly
tic
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
h
ig
h
er
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
at
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wer
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o
lu
m
e
o
f
g
as
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
NH4
,
C
C
L
4
,
C
H3
2
C
O,
m
et
h
an
o
l,
an
d
eth
an
o
l
co
n
s
u
m
ed
m
u
ch
less
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
to
p
r
eser
v
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e.
D
u
e
to
o
x
id
an
t d
e
f
icien
cy
,
less
air
is
g
en
er
ated
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
r
tifi
cia
l n
eu
r
a
l n
etw
o
r
k
-
b
a
s
ed
in
tellig
en
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r
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tr
o
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ic
…
(
Ma
n
ju
n
a
t
h
Ma
n
a
g
u
li
)
169
Fig
u
r
e
7.
Me
th
a
n
o
l
g
as c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
aly
s
is
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fiv
e
c
h
em
ical
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
4
.
1
.
ANNs
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
r
i
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cip
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o
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NNs.
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r
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ally
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m
p
letely
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a
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d
4
.
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h
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m
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h
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p
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id
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ab
le
3
.
C
h
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as c
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tr
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V
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mm
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T
ab
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4.
C
o
m
p
a
r
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f
tar
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v
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e
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ANN
er
r
o
r
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e
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r
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a
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To
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me
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(
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'
s
f
u
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r
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n
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r
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n
s
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en
tr
y
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f
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s
,
an
d
m
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s
in
g
th
em
,
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y
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y
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eh
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es
lik
e
a
lin
ea
r
d
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r
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r
ep
r
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tatio
n
.
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h
o
u
g
h
p
r
esen
t
lin
ea
r
f
u
n
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n
,
n
o
n
-
lin
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r
ac
tiv
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n
s
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
s
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ted
to
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p
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m
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lt
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ata
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ab
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latio
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Fig
u
r
e
9
.
An
o
th
er
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
th
at
th
ey
a
r
e
ex
tr
a
s
u
itab
l
e
to
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
b
ac
k
-
p
r
o
p
ag
a
ti
o
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
24
:
1
63
-
1
73
170
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
an
al
y
s
is
4
.
2
.
F
o
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a
nd
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t
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E
-
n
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co
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n
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to
p
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h
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ly
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te
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6
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5.
Acc
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RE
F
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R
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
.
K
a
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[
2
]
K
.
P
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[
3
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.
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4
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1
7
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[
1
8
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[
1
9
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