Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
3
,
June
201
8
,
pp.
1196
~
1
2
02
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
, DO
I: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v
10
.i
3
.pp
1196
-
1
2
02
1196
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Indoor
Channel
Ca
p
ac
i
t
y Me
asu
re
m
ent o
f 2 x 2 M
IMO
Polari
zation Di
versity
An
tenna
Moham
ed
N
asr
un
O
sma
n
1
, Mo
hama
d K
am
al
A.
Rahim
2
, Moham
ad
Rij
al H
amid
3
, Mo
hd Fair
us
Mohd
Yu
s
off
4
, M
oham
ad
Z
oino
l
Ab
idi
n
A. Az
iz
5
, M
uz
ammil
J
us
oh
6
, Muh
am
mad Az
f
ar Abd
ull
ah
7
,
Nu
rs
aidah
M
uha
m
ad N
ad
z
ir
8
1
,6
Bioe
lectr
om
ag
net
i
cs
Research G
roup,
School
o
f
Com
pute
r and
Com
m
unic
at
ion Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Un
ive
rsiti Mal
a
y
s
ia
Perli
s,
Pauh
Putr
a
Main
Campus
,
02600
Arau
,
Pe
rli
s,
Ma
lay
si
a
2
,3,4,7,8
Advanc
ed RF
and
Microw
a
ve
Rese
arc
h
Gro
up,
Facu
lty
of El
ec
tr
ic
a
l Engi
ne
er
ing,
Univ
ersit
i
T
eknol
ogi
Malay
s
ia
,
81310
Johor Bah
ru,
Johor,
Mal
a
y
sia
5
Cent
re
for Tele
comm
unic
at
ion Resea
rch
and
In
novat
ion
,
Univ
er
siti
T
ekni
k
al Ma
lay
s
ia Me
la
k
a, H
ang
Tu
ah
Ja
y
a
,
7
6100
Duria
n
Tungg
al,
Mela
k
a, Ma
l
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
15
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
Ma
r
12
, 2
01
8
Accepte
d
Ma
r
2
8
, 201
8
Thi
s
pape
r
pr
ese
nts
the
ch
annel
ca
pa
ci
t
y
inve
sti
gat
ion
and
the
pola
ri
za
t
ion
rec
onfigur
able
a
nte
nna
anal
y
s
is
for
MIM
O
sy
st
e
m
in
an
indoor
sce
nar
io
.
A
single
and
du
al
-
port
pol
ari
z
atio
n
rec
onf
igura
b
l
e
an
te
nn
a
is
u
sed
at
th
e
rec
e
ive
r
end
to
stud
y
th
e
eff
e
ct
of
pol
ari
z
at
i
on
dive
rsit
y
co
nfigura
t
ions
towar
ds t
he
ac
hi
eva
bl
e
per
form
a
nce
of
the
ch
ann
el
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
.
Th
e pola
ri
za
t
ion
rec
onfigur
able
a
nte
nnas
ar
e
dev
el
oped
th
rough
two
te
chni
qu
es,
which
are
slit
s
per
turb
at
io
n
for
single
-
po
rt
and
f
ee
ding
netw
ork
m
odifi
ca
t
i
on
for
dual
-
port.
Th
e
ben
efits
offe
red
b
y
th
e
designe
d
ante
nnas
are
inv
estigate
d
when
bei
ng
used
as
a
rec
e
ive
r
in
bot
h
li
ne
-
of
-
sigh
t
(
LOS)
and
non
-
l
ine
-
of
-
sight
(NLOS
)
sce
nar
i
os.
The
result
s
s
how
the
propose
d
antenna
s
ar
e
s
uit
able
to
b
e
adopt
ed
and
hig
hl
y
pot
ent
i
al
to
improve
the
channel
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
o
f
the
MIM
O
s
y
stems
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Chan
nel ca
pacit
y
Mult
iple
-
in
pu
t
-
m
ulti
ple
-
ou
tp
ut
Po
la
rizat
io
n diver
sit
y
Po
la
rizat
io
n re
config
ur
a
ble
anten
na
Sp
at
ia
l div
ersit
y
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Moh
am
ed
Nas
run
Osm
an
School
of Com
pu
te
r
a
nd Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
Enginee
rin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i M
al
ay
sia
Per
li
s,
Pauh P
utra
Mai
n
Ca
m
pu
s, 02600
Arau
, P
e
rlis, Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
: nasr
un
@unim
ap.
edu.
m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
A
lot
of
pe
op
le
n
owa
days ha
ve
u
se
d
m
od
er
n com
m
un
ic
at
ion
servic
es i
n
th
ei
r
daily
li
fe ro
utines,
t
hus
con
t
rib
uted
to
the
hi
gh
ly
de
m
and
ed
f
or
be
tt
er
data
rate.
On
e
of
the
prom
isi
ng
te
ch
no
l
og
ie
s
t
hat
able
to
pro
vid
e
ca
pac
it
y
i
m
pr
ov
em
ent
is
Mult
ip
le
-
Inp
ut
-
Mult
i
ple
-
Ou
t
pu
t
(
MIM
O)
syst
em
s.
As
com
par
ed
to
tradit
ion
al
sin
gle
-
in
put
sing
l
e
-
outp
ut
an
d
s
ing
le
-
i
nput
m
ulti
ple
-
ou
t
pu
t
s
yst
e
m
s,
MIMO
syst
em
s
has
highe
r
div
e
rsity
,
abili
t
y
to
m
itigate
m
ul
ti
path
fad
i
ng
a
nd
great
er
throu
ghput
wi
thout
requiri
ng
m
or
e
ba
ndwidt
h
an
d
add
it
io
nal
power
[
1],
[
2].
To
f
ur
t
her
en
han
ce
the
ov
e
rall
MIM
O
syst
e
m
per
f
orm
a
nce
with
data
rates
increm
ent,
rec
onfig
ur
a
ble
a
nt
enn
a
s
(R
As
)
c
ou
l
d
be
t
he
s
olu
ti
on.
T
he
us
e
of
RAs
has
bee
n
widely
stu
di
ed
a
nd
inv
est
igate
d
t
o
pro
duce
m
uch
r
obus
t
M
IMO
syst
em
in
te
rm
s
of
cha
nnel
qu
al
it
y,
ca
pacit
y
and
reli
abili
ty
[3
]
.
The
di
ver
sit
y
feat
ur
e
,
suc
h
as
patte
rn
[4
]
,
[5
]
an
d
pola
r
iz
at
ion
[
6],
[7]
,
or
the
c
ombinati
on
of
pa
tt
ern
-
po
la
rizat
ion
d
i
ver
sit
ie
s
[
8],
[
9]
is
exp
loit
e
d
to
inc
rease
t
he
sign
al
-
to
-
noise
rati
o,
which
c
on
s
eq
ue
ntly
i
m
pr
ov
e
s
the
cha
nn
el
ca
pacit
y.
The
use
of
po
la
rizat
io
n
rec
onfig
u
ra
bl
e
antenn
a
(P
R
A)
ca
n
achie
ve
bette
r
capaci
ti
es
du
e
to
it
s
ability
to
offer
ad
diti
on
al
cha
nnel
s
us
ing
se
ver
al
po
la
rizat
io
ns
fr
om
diff
ere
nt
anten
nas
el
e
m
ent.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
the
us
e
of
R
As al
so
can
off
e
r
c
om
pactness and
c
os
t re
duct
io
n by ar
rangin
g or
t
hogonal
pola
rize
d
tog
et
he
r
i
ns
te
a
d of t
w
o ph
ysi
cal
ly
sp
ace se
pa
rati
on an
te
nn
a
s [10
]
, [
11
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Ind
oo
r
Ch
anne
l C
apacity
Me
as
ure
me
nt
of 2 x 2 MI
M
O
Po
l
ar
izati
on
Diver
sit
y
... (
M
oham
ed
N
as
run
O
s
man
)
1197
The
a
uthors
ha
ve
pre
viously
pr
ese
nted
t
he
com
pact
singl
e
[12]
and
t
wo
ports
[
13]
po
la
rizat
ion
div
e
rsity
ci
rcul
ar
patch
a
nte
nn
a
.
T
he
ante
nn
a
pola
rizat
ion
m
od
e
is
re
config
ur
e
d
us
i
ng
f
our
RF
s
witc
hes
e
m
bed
de
d
on
t
he
a
nten
nas
ra
diati
ng
el
em
en
t
and
fee
ding
netw
ork
t
o
s
hi
ft
the
phase
di
ff
e
ren
ce
bet
we
en
tw
o
or
t
hogonal
m
od
es
e
xisted
on
the
patch,
th
us
al
te
ring
the
po
la
rizat
ion
s
of
t
he
a
nten
na.
De
pendin
g
on
t
he
sta
te
of
switc
hi
ng
con
fig
ur
at
io
ns,
the
po
la
rizat
ion
cha
racteri
st
ic
s
of
these
a
nten
nas
ca
n
be
rec
onfig
ur
e
d
into
m
ul
ti
pl
e
ty
pes
of
po
la
rizat
ion
m
od
es
–
li
ne
ar
(LP),
le
ft
-
ha
nd
ci
rcu
la
r
(LH
CP
)
a
nd
righ
t
-
ha
nd
ci
rcu
la
r
po
la
rizat
ion
(R
HCP).
In
this
pap
e
r,
these
a
nten
nas
are
us
e
d
to
inv
e
sti
gate
the
perform
ance
of
the
syst
em
t
hat
util
iz
ed
po
la
rizat
ion
div
ersit
y
anten
na
in
te
rm
of
MIM
O
c
hannel
capaci
ty
enh
a
nc
e
m
ent.
The
fiel
d
ex
per
im
ent
in
an
indoor
en
vir
onm
ent
fo
r
both
li
ne
-
of
-
sig
ht
(LO
S
)
an
d
non
-
li
ne
-
of
-
si
ght
(N
LO
S)
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
li
nk
s
i
s
cond
ucted
t
o
stud
y
the
be
ne
fits
offer
e
d
by
diff
e
ren
t
pola
rizat
ion
c
onfi
gurati
ons
at
th
e
receive
r
en
d.
The
analy
sis
of
the
cha
nn
el
ca
pa
ci
ty
m
easur
e
m
ent
was
do
ne
by
us
i
ng
the
s
cal
ar
powe
r
c
orrelat
ion
[
14
]
.
Th
e
perform
ances
com
par
ison
on
the
per
ce
ntag
e
of
the
c
ha
nnel
capaci
ty
i
m
pro
vem
ent
or
decr
em
ent
is
present
e
d
betwee
n
rec
on
fig
ur
a
ble
ve
rs
us
non
-
rec
onfi
gura
ble
anten
na
(
ref
e
re
nce)
and
bet
ween
sing
le
-
port
(
sp
at
ia
l
div
e
rsity
)
agai
ns
t
du
al
-
port
(
po
la
rizat
ion
di
ver
sit
y) syst
em
.
2.
MI
MO CH
A
NN
EL
MO
DE
L
The
wireless
MI
MO
syst
e
m
is
con
sist
s
of
m
ulti
ple
anten
nas
at
t
he
tra
ns
m
it
te
r
an
d
receive
r
connecte
d
wire
le
ssly
thro
ug
h
transm
issi
on
m
edium
.
Con
sid
er
x
as
the
in
put
sign
al
a
nd
y
as
the
ou
t
pu
t
s
ign
al
,
the
relat
io
nship
betwee
n
t
he
input
a
nd
ou
t
pu
t
of
th
e
MI
MO
syst
em
is
desc
ribe
d
us
i
ng
eq
uatio
n
(
1)
belo
w
[15].
y
H
x
(1)
wh
e
re
ƞ
is
the
no
ise
gen
e
rat
ed
in
the
pro
pa
gation
syst
em
,
an
d
H
is
the
MIM
O
cha
nne
l
m
at
rix.
The
MIM
O
channel
m
at
rix
is
the
trans
fer
functi
on
betw
een
tra
ns
m
i
t
a
nd
receive
a
nt
enn
a
t
hat
re
pr
e
sented
by
co
rrel
at
ion
coeffic
ie
nts, w
hich
t
he
m
at
hem
at
ic
al
ex
pr
es
sion as
[16].
1
1
1
1
n
m
m
n
M
x
N
H
K
M
O
M
L
(2)
wh
e
re
mn
is
the
power
c
orrelat
ion
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
of
m
trans
m
it
and
n
rec
ei
ve
el
e
m
ent.
The
co
rr
el
at
io
n
coeffic
ie
nt
was
cal
culat
ed
bas
ed
on
m
easur
em
ent
data
a
nd
can
be
def
i
ned
into
th
ree
dif
fe
ren
t
ty
pes:
c
om
plex,
env
el
op
e
and
powe
r.
22
c
o
v
mn
mn
m
m
n
n
(3)
wh
e
re
is
the
cov
a
riance
whil
e
σ
m
m
and
σnn
represe
nts
the
var
ia
nce
of
the
in
put
and
ou
t
pu
t
s
yst
e
m
,
resp
ect
ively
.
E
qu
at
io
n (
3)
ca
n be
sim
plifie
d,
as sho
wn in
Eq
uation
(
4) b
el
ow [1
7]
,1
22
11
N
mn
mn
mn
MN
mn
mn
x
x
y
y
x
x
y
y
(4
)
wh
e
re
̅
is t
he
m
ean a
ver
a
g
e
of
the in
pu
t
sig
na
l, an
d
̅
is t
he
m
e
an
a
ver
a
ge of
t
he ou
t
pu
t
sig
na
l.
On
e
of
t
he
m
e
thods
to
est
im
at
e
the
ind
e
pe
nd
e
nt
m
ulti
ple
channels
between
te
rm
inals
is
by
us
i
ng
ei
genvalue
de
com
po
sit
ion
[
18
]
.
Her
e
,
the
process
diag
on
al
iz
es
m
at
ri
x
H
an
d
c
orr
el
at
ion
m
at
rix,
R
is
represe
nt b
y e
quat
ion (
5).
R
=
HH
H
or
R
=
H
H
H
(5)
wh
e
re
[
.]H
is
the
He
rm
i
ti
an
Transp
os
it
io
n
(con
j
ugat
e
tr
ans
po
se
).
T
he
pur
po
se
of
c
al
culat
ing
the
R
is
to
evaluate t
he
re
cei
ved
powe
r f
or each
Eige
n chan
nel.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
10
, N
o.
3
,
June
201
8
:
1196
–
1202
1198
Fo
r
m
ulti
ple
t
ran
sm
it
te
r
and
rec
ei
ver
a
ntenn
a
s,
the
ge
ne
rali
zed
f
or
m
ula
fo
r
t
he
ave
r
age
cha
nnel
capaci
ty
, C of t
he
syst
em
is d
eno
te
d
as
[19
]
.
C
2
l
o
g
1
n
SNR
N
(6)
wh
e
re
represe
nt
s
the
ei
ge
nval
ue
a
nd
SNR
is
sign
al
-
to
-
noise
-
rati
o.
F
ro
m
the
eq
uation
(
6),
it
is
reali
zed
th
at
in
order
to
im
pro
ve
the
c
ha
nn
el
capaci
ty
of
the
MIM
O
,
the
ei
genval
ue
is
the
va
ria
ble
that
nee
d
to
be
m
anipu
la
te
d. T
he un
it
for
ca
pa
ci
ty
is b
it
s/s/H
z.
3.
MI
MO
E
X
PE
RIM
E
NTAL
SET
UP
In
this
s
ect
io
n,
it
is
exp
la
ined
the
resu
lt
s
of
researc
h
an
d
at
the
sam
e
tim
e
is
giv
en
the
c
om
pr
eh
T
he
2
x
2
MIM
O
channel
ca
pacit
y
m
easur
em
e
nts
us
i
ng
PR
As
was
c
ondu
ct
ed
in
th
e
Mi
crowa
ve
La
borator
y
,
wh
ic
h
c
on
sist
s o
f
c
oncrete wa
ll
,
glass
wi
ndows,
ta
bles,
c
hai
rs,
p
er
sonal
co
m
pu
te
rs,
cabi
ne
ts
and
bo
ok
s
he
lves.
The
siz
e
of
la
borat
or
y
is
14.
4
m
et
er
width
,
22.7
m
et
er
le
ng
th
a
nd
3.4
m
e
te
r
heig
ht.
T
his
sit
uation
is
s
et
up
t
o
create
and i
nv
e
sti
gate the MI
MO p
e
rfo
rm
ances in
a
m
ulti
p
at
h
an
d
m
od
e
r
at
e d
en
sit
y envi
ronm
ent.
In
pa
r
ti
cular,
t
he
MIM
O
pe
rfor
m
ance
is
in
ve
sti
gated
wh
e
n
em
plo
ye
d
PR
As
at
t
he
recei
ver
en
d.
N
ote
that durin
g
the d
at
a b
ei
ng m
ea
su
re
d
an
d
capt
ur
e
d,
we
wer
e
m
ov
ed
inside the techn
ic
ia
n
r
oo
m
to
m
ini
m
i
ze the
interfe
ren
ce
co
m
e
fr
om
hum
a
n
pr
ese
nce
an
d
act
ivit
ie
s,
so
t
hat
the
te
sti
ng
env
i
ronm
ent
is
entirel
y
sta
ti
c.
F
or
each
ante
nn
a
s
config
ur
at
io
n,
the
cha
ng
e
d
s
olely
m
ade
to
the
receive
r
pa
rt.
Ot
her
tha
n
that,
it
rem
a
i
ns
th
e
sam
e
to
el
i
m
inate
any
fact
or
s
that
co
ul
d
po
s
sibly
cha
ng
e
the
c
hannel
c
ha
racteri
sti
cs
su
c
h
as
the
posit
ion
of
the
tra
ns
m
i
tt
er
and
recei
ver
.
F
or
t
he
si
ng
le
port
a
nten
na,
th
e
identic
al
str
uc
ture
has
bee
n
add
e
d
a
nd
fabr
ic
at
ed
to
dem
on
strat
e
the
sp
at
ia
l
di
ver
sit
y
2
x
2
MIM
O.
In
order
t
o
validat
e
the
i
m
pr
ove
m
ent
of
the
c
hannel
capaci
ty
by
usi
ng
PR
As,
tw
o
m
o
nopo
le
a
nten
nas
are
use
d
at
the
recei
ver
e
nd
for
co
m
par
ison
(
ref
e
ren
ce
config
ur
at
io
n).
To
c
reate
an
d
const
ru
ct
t
he
NLOS
sce
nar
i
o,
a
w
hite
boa
rd
with
a
siz
e
of
2
m
x
2.5
m
is
placed
in
fron
t
of
t
he
tr
ansm
itter
antenn
a
s
at
a
distance
of
2
m
eter
s
to
blo
c
k
th
e
di
rect
pro
pa
gation
pat
h
be
twee
n
transm
itter
an
d
receive
r,
w
hilst
the
posit
ion
of
the
tra
ns
m
itter
an
d
r
ecei
ver
rem
ain
s
uncha
nged
.
Both
transm
itter
and
receive
r
we
re
locat
ed
at
the
fix
heig
ht
of
1.5
m
,
an
d
wer
e
se
par
a
te
d
at
a
dista
nce
of
appr
ox
im
at
ely
12
m
.
No
te
tha
t
the
dista
nce
be
tween
t
ran
sm
i
tt
er
an
d
recei
ve
r
ca
n
af
fect
th
e
cha
nn
el
ca
pa
ci
ty
,
du
e
t
o
the
c
hanges
of
the
si
gn
al
streng
t
h.
T
he
m
easur
em
ents
wer
e p
er
f
or
m
ed
at
2.4
5
G
Hz
,
with 0
dBm
po
we
r
transm
issi
on
a
t
each
a
nten
na
port
(
Pt
=
0
dBm
).
The
a
nte
nn
a
s
at
the
tra
ns
m
itter
wer
e
placed
us
in
g
s
patia
l
div
e
rsity
an
d
ph
ysi
cal
ly
/dist
ance
se
pa
rated
from
each
ot
her
at
disp
la
c
e
m
ents
of
on
e
λ
(wher
e
λ
is
the
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
at
t
he op
e
rati
ng fr
equ
e
ncy)
, or
a
ppr
ox
im
at
ely 1
2.5 cm
.
Figure
1. Flo
or lay
ou
t
of m
eas
ur
em
ent
cam
pa
ign
The
si
gn
al
is
ge
ner
at
e
d
(
usi
ng
Sig
nal
G
ener
at
or
Hitt
it
e
HMC
-
T
2000
700MHz
-
8
GH
z
)
at
th
e
transm
itter
and
is
a
m
plifie
d
(
us
in
g
Mi
cr
ow
a
ve
Am
plifie
r
Ag
il
ent
8741
5A
2
-
8
G
Hz)
at
the
receive
r
si
de
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Ind
oo
r
Ch
anne
l C
apacity
Me
as
ure
me
nt
of 2 x 2 MI
M
O
Po
l
ar
izati
on
Diver
sit
y
... (
M
oham
ed
N
as
run
O
s
man
)
1199
bein
g
detect
ed
by
the
RF
power
se
ns
or
f
or
ever
y
1
sec
on
d
tim
e
interval
s
fo
r
30
m
inu
te
s.
The
po
wer
m
et
er
(u
si
ng
Am
it
ec
Mi
cro
wa
ve
P
ow
e
r
Se
nsor
)
disp
la
ye
d
th
e
powe
r
le
vel
and
t
he
data
w
as
recorde
d
in
to
th
e
com
pu
te
r
thr
ough
the
c
onne
ct
ed
hype
r
te
r
m
inal
interface
.
The
dev
ic
es
are
co
nnect
ed
tog
et
he
r
us
in
g
1
m
et
er
RF
cable
with
a
1.3
dB
ca
ble
loss.
T
hen,
the
m
easur
em
e
nts
data
are
i
m
po
rted
an
d
c
om
bin
ed
in
th
e
excel
worksheet.
T
he
par
am
et
ers
H,
ρ
and
ψ
we
re
cal
culat
ed
usi
ng
pr
ogram
m
ing
cod
e
d
de
velo
ped
in
M
ATL
AB
so
ft
war
e
a
nd
f
inall
y
the
cha
nn
el
ca
pacit
y
value
is
deter
m
ined.
I
n
t
his
experim
ental
ca
m
paign
,
the
om
ni
-
directi
onal
m
on
op
ole an
te
nna
w
as
us
e
d
at
t
he
tran
sm
it
te
r.
4.
CHAN
NEL
C
APACIT
Y R
ESULT
S
AND DIS
CUSSI
ONS
In
this
sect
i
on,
the
2
x
2
MI
MO
c
hannel
c
apacit
y
analy
sis
an
d
disc
us
sio
ns
us
in
g
the
pr
opos
e
d
PRAs
is
pr
esente
d.
It
is
i
m
po
rtant
to
no
te
that
the
resu
lt
s
pr
ese
nte
d
her
e
is
a
sit
e
sp
eci
fic
case,
or
in
oth
er w
ord
s,
the
resu
lt
is
valid
and
tr
ue
only
f
or
this
s
pecific
m
easur
em
ent
set
up
a
nd
c
ondi
ti
on
s.
A
ny
ch
ang
e
s
an
d
va
riat
ion
s
to
the
set
up
(e
xcep
t
the
re
pla
ce
m
ent
of
the
receiver
a
nten
na
with
PR
As)
su
ch
as
ante
nnas
distance
,
he
igh
t
or
su
r
rou
nd
i
ngs, c
ou
l
d obvio
us
l
y give
dif
fer
e
nt
r
esults.
As
discu
ssed
i
n
the
pr
e
vious
sect
ion
,
the
MI
MO
channel
capaci
ty
cal
cula
ti
on
was
do
ne
us
in
g
scal
ar
powe
r
c
orrelat
ion
m
et
ho
d.
N
ot
e
that
th
rou
ghou
t
t
he
m
easurem
ent
cam
paign
,
t
he
pola
rizat
ion
of
the
a
ntenn
a
s
is
switc
hed
m
anu
al
ly
.
T
o
inv
e
sti
gate
the
benefit
s
offer
e
d
by
each
pola
rizat
ion
c
onfig
urat
ion
s
,
Ta
ble
I
ta
bu
la
t
e
the
cha
nn
el
ca
pacit
y
of
the
m
easur
em
ent
2
x
2
MIM
O
for
a
ll
transm
it
te
r
-
re
cei
ver
po
la
riz
at
ion
co
nfi
gura
ti
on
s
.
The
pe
rcen
ta
ge
of
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
or
dec
rem
e
nt
for
each
co
nfi
gurati
on
is
cal
culat
ed
base
d
on
c
om
par
ison
with
ref
e
ren
ce
con
figurati
ons.
As
li
ste
d
in
T
able
1,
it
can
be
no
te
d
that
the
cha
nnel
ca
pacit
y
i
m
pr
ov
e
m
ent
with
th
e
pro
p
ose
d
anten
nas
var
ie
s
as
a
functi
on
of
t
he
dif
fer
e
nt
receive
r
c
onfi
gurati
ons.
It
is
fou
nd
t
hat
the
channel
ca
paci
ty
fo
r
LOS
sce
na
rio
is
bette
r
tha
n
NLOS
as
t
he
c
hannel
c
orrelat
ion
is
relat
ively
low,
w
hich
r
esult
in
inc
rea
sed
of
ei
genvalue
a
nd
c
on
se
que
ntly
c
hannel
ca
pa
ci
ty
.
Fo
r
sp
at
ia
l
div
ersit
y
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n,
the
propose
d
a
nten
na
ou
t
perform
s
a
conve
ntion
al
r
efere
nces
on
e
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
se
par
at
e
d
m
on
op
ole
ante
nn
a
i
n
config
ur
at
io
n
1E
f
or
LOS
sce
na
rio.
Me
anwhil
e,
f
or
NL
OS
sce
na
rio,
t
he
best
c
hannel
capa
ci
ty
is
achi
eved
t
hro
ugh
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n
1C.
Othe
r
co
nfi
gurati
ons
(conf
i
gurati
on
1B
,
1D
a
nd
1E
)
gu
a
ra
ntees
hi
gher
c
ha
nn
el
ca
pacit
y
than
refe
ren
c
e
config
ur
at
io
n.
It
is
al
so
obse
r
ved
t
hat
the
ca
pacit
y
with
sp
a
ti
al
div
ersit
y
PRAs
di
d
not
im
pr
ov
e
d
sig
nif
ic
antly
wh
e
n
the
rec
ei
ver
a
nd
t
ra
ns
m
itter
in
L
OS
sce
nar
i
o
as
the
cha
nn
el
conditi
on
s
are
relat
ivel
y
good.
Config
ur
at
io
n
1A
(LP
-
LP
)
a
nd
1F
(RHCP
-
RHCP)
is
ge
ne
rall
y
the
wor
st
config
ur
at
io
ns
in
bo
t
h
LO
S
an
d
NLOS sce
na
rios
as
it
sho
wn
capaci
ty
r
ed
uct
ion
a
s r
e
ferre
d t
o
ty
pical
conf
i
gurati
on.
Table
1.
C
ha
nnel
Capaci
ty
Result
s of t
he 2
x 2 MIM
O
as
Respect t
o R
efer
e
nce C
onfig
ur
at
ion
s
Tr
an
s
m
itt
er
-
Re
cei
v
er
Po
larization
Co
n
f
i
g
u
ration
s
Ch
an
n
el Cap
acity
(bits
/s/Hz)
Percentag
e of
i
m
p
rov
e
m
en
t/
d
ecre
m
en
t
(
±%
)
LOS
NLOS
LOS
NLOS
Sp
atial
d
iv
ersity
Ref
erence
1
.00
9
1
0
.12
7
4
NA
NA
1A
LP
-
LP
0
.28
6
7
0
.08
6
6
-
7
1
.6
-
3
2
.0
1B
LP
-
L
HCP
0
.01
4
4
0
.24
3
0
-
9
8
.5
+9
0
.7
1C
LP
-
RHC
P
0
.46
5
2
0
.36
8
8
-
5
3
.9
+1
8
9
.5
1D
LHCP
-
RHC
P
0
.00
7
5
0
.34
6
3
-
9
9
.3
+1
7
1
.8
1E
LHCP
-
LHCP
1
.94
6
3
0
.17
8
7
+9
2
.9
+4
0
.3
1F
RHC
P
-
RHC
P
0
.33
3
2
0
.06
0
5
-
6
7
.0
-
5
2
.5
Po
lariza
tio
n
d
iv
ersity
2A
Ortho
g
o
n
al L
Ps
0
.04
4
1
0
.17
9
3
-
9
5
.6
+4
0
.7
2B
Ortho
g
o
n
al CPs
1
.59
3
8
0
.09
8
1
+5
7
.9
-
2
3
.0
Fo
r
pola
rizat
io
n
div
e
rsity
PRAs
a
gainst
refe
ren
ce
pe
rform
ance,
cha
nne
l
capaci
ty
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
of
appr
ox
im
at
ely
50%
is
ob
ta
ine
d
in
co
nf
i
gurat
ion
2B
for
L
O
S
an
d
c
onfig
ur
at
ion
2A
f
or
N
LOS
scena
rios.
The
achieva
ble
cha
nn
el
ca
pacit
y
resu
lt
s
s
howe
d
that
it
is
ver
y
eff
ect
ive
to
hav
e
a
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n
that
e
xploit
s
po
la
rizat
ion
di
ver
sit
y
to
im
prov
e
the
pe
rform
ance
gai
ns
of
the
MIM
O
sy
stem
s
du
e
t
o
it
s
co
ns
ist
ent
be
hav
i
or,
especial
ly
f
or
m
ul
ti
path
NL
O
S scen
a
rios. T
his is due to
th
e facts that, ins
te
ad
of em
plo
yi
ng
fix po
la
riza
ti
on
at
the
receiver
,
the
anten
nas
a
re
capa
ble
to
fu
ncti
on
wit
h
m
ult
iple
typ
e
of
po
la
rizat
ion
m
od
e
prov
i
ding
add
it
io
nal
c
ha
nn
el
s
in
M
IM
O
syst
em
.
He
nce,
by
us
in
g
PRAs
at
t
he
r
ecei
ver
,
the
pola
rizat
ions
c
ould
be
switc
he
d
for
sel
ect
ing
the
be
st
po
la
riza
ti
on
co
nf
ig
urat
io
n
to
ena
ble
an
increase
in
SN
R
that
eve
ntu
al
ly
i
m
pr
ove the
cha
nn
el
ca
pacit
y.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
10
, N
o.
3
,
June
201
8
:
1196
–
1202
1200
Ba
sed
on
t
he
fin
dings,
it
s
hows
that
no
t
a
ll
con
fi
gurati
ons
of
PRAs
w
il
l
pr
ovide
bet
te
r
cha
nnel
capaci
ty
than
r
efere
nce
co
nf
i
gurati
on.
F
or
s
om
e
trans
m
itte
r
-
receiver
pola
rizat
ion
co
nfi
gurati
ons,
t
he
channe
l
capaci
ty
ob
ta
i
ned
a
re
lo
we
r
than
non
-
rec
onfig
ur
e
ante
nnas.
In
t
his
s
pe
ci
fic
m
easur
e
m
ent
set
up
,
t
he
best
config
ur
at
io
n
i
s
1E
(L
HCP
-
L
HCP),
as
it
sh
ow
s
c
onsist
ent
beh
a
vior
with
channel
capac
it
y
i
m
p
ro
vem
e
nt
in
bo
t
h
L
OS
a
nd
NL
OS
sce
nari
os
.
Mo
re
ov
e
r,
as
predict
ed
,
sp
at
ia
l
div
e
rsity
te
chn
iq
ue
w
orks
well
with
bette
r
per
ce
ntage
of
i
m
pr
ov
em
ent
(9
2.9
%
f
or
L
O
S
an
d
189.5%
for
NLOS)
as
com
par
ed
with
pola
rizat
ion
di
ver
sit
y
te
chn
iq
ue.
Eve
n
th
ough
the
c
apacit
y
of
im
pr
ovem
ent
fo
r
t
he
pola
rizat
io
n
div
e
rsity
is
not
that
good
as
sp
at
ia
l
div
e
rsity
te
chn
iqu
e,
it
con
tri
bu
te
s
sig
nifica
nt
i
m
pr
ovem
e
nt
of
capaci
ty
(i
m
pr
oved
by
40
.
7%
f
or
L
OS
a
nd
57.9%
for
N
L
OS
)
with
bette
r
sp
ace
op
ti
m
i
zat
ion
-
le
ss
s
pace
occ
upie
d.
It
is
al
so
ob
s
erv
e
d
that
the
PRAs
perform
ed
wel
l
in
NLOS
sce
nar
i
o
du
e
to
th
e
fact
t
hat
PR
As
uniq
ue
ca
pa
bili
ty
to
cat
er
the
m
ulti
path
fad
i
ng
rich
at
tri
bu
te
d by tra
ns
m
issi
o
n
scat
te
rin
g an
d reflect
io
ns
phen
om
eno
n.
It
is
found
th
at
sp
at
ia
l
div
ersit
y
has
bee
n
identifie
d
c
a
n
prov
i
de
bette
r
pe
rfor
m
ance
in
te
rm
of
capaci
ty
co
m
par
ed
to
pola
riz
at
ion
div
e
rsity
.
The
sp
at
ia
l
deg
ree
of
f
reedo
m
is
extrem
e
ly
po
te
ntial
to
increas
e
the
MIM
O
ch
ann
el
ca
pacit
y.
H
ow
e
ver,
t
his
m
e
tho
d
only
will
be
ver
y
use
fu
l
f
or
t
he
s
yst
e
m
wh
ic
h
ha
s
no
rest
rict
ion
s
in
te
rm
of
sp
ace
and
volum
e.
Sp
at
ia
l
div
e
rsi
ty
is
i
m
pr
act
ical
to
be
a
pp
li
ed
f
or
li
m
it
ed
sp
ace
syst
e
m
.
In
t
his
ty
pe
of
syst
em
,
pola
rizat
ion
di
ver
sit
y
is
m
or
e
eff
ic
ie
nt
an
d
s
uitable
f
or
du
e
to
the
com
pactness
of the m
ulti
-
el
e
m
ents stru
ct
ure.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
pa
per,
t
he
c
ha
nn
el
ca
pa
ci
ty
m
easur
em
ent
cam
paign
a
nd
perform
ance
i
nv
est
ig
at
ion
of
th
e
2
x
2
MIM
O
syst
e
m
s
wh
e
n
e
xploit
ing
the
pola
rizat
ion
di
ve
rsity
char
act
e
risti
c
is
pr
ese
nted.
T
he
de
s
ign
e
d
anten
nas
of
sin
gle
an
d
dual
port
PRAs
are
use
d
at
t
he
r
ece
iver
e
nd,
w
hile
sp
ace
-
se
par
at
i
on
om
ni
-
dire
ct
ion
al
m
on
opole
ant
enn
a
s
are
us
e
d
as
tra
ns
m
i
tter
ante
nn
a
.
We
sh
owe
d
that
channel
capa
ci
ty
is
i
m
pr
oved
as
com
par
ed
t
o
non
-
rec
onfig
ure
anten
na
(ty
pi
cal
config
ur
at
ion)
w
he
n
po
l
arizat
ion
div
e
r
sit
y
wh
ic
h
off
erin
g
m
ul
ti
ple
ty
pe
of
po
la
rizat
ions
is
app
li
ed
a
t
the
receiver
end.
Co
nf
i
gurati
on
1E
(LHC
P
-
LHC
P)
a
nd
2B
(orth
ogonal
C
Ps)
is
t
he
bes
t
config
ur
at
io
ns
f
or
LO
S
sce
nar
i
o
wit
h
pe
r
centage
ca
paci
ty
i
m
pr
ov
em
ent
of
92.9%
and
57.
9%,
res
pecti
ve
ly
.
Me
anw
hile
,
in
the
NLOS
scenario,
the
config
ur
at
io
ns
1C
(LP
-
R
HCP)
f
or
sp
at
ia
l
div
e
rsity
and
2A
(
or
t
hogo
nal
LPs
)
pe
rfor
m
s
bette
r
than
othe
r
c
on
fig
ur
at
io
ns
.
T
he
res
ults
pr
ov
e
d
the
us
e
of
rec
onfigura
ble
anten
na
s
is
an
eff
ect
ive
so
l
ution
to
ob
ta
in
good
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
li
nk
capaci
ty
fo
r
th
e
syst
e
m
s that h
a
ve
c
onstrai
nts
on the
sp
ace
such as
h
a
ndhel
d de
vices a
nd li
m
it
ed
-
sp
ace M
IMO
syst
em
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
a
uthor
t
ha
nk
s
U
niv
e
rsiti
Ma
la
ysi
a
Perli
s
an
d
Re
searc
h
Ma
nag
em
ent
and
I
nnovat
ion
Ce
ntre
f
or
the s
upport
of the
researc
h w
ork
un
der
grant
9001
-
0056
9.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.
Mow
lé
r,
M.
B.
Kha
li
d
,
and
B.
Li
ndm
ark
,
“Rec
on
fi
gurable
monopole
arr
ay
wit
h
MEM
S
sw
it
ch
es
for
MIM
O
systems,”
in
I
EEE
Antenn
as
and
Propaga
ti
on
Soc
ie
t
y
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rn
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Ode
y
emi
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d
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“
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c
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Enh
an
ce
m
ent
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h
Data
Ra
te
W
ire
l
ess
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m
un
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a
ti
on
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st
em,
”
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ernati
onal
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o
urnal
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ct
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A.
C
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E.
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E.
Se
ngul,
and
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anog
lu,
“
A
MIM
O
sy
st
em
wit
h
m
ult
ifunction
al
r
ec
onfigu
rab
l
e
ant
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Z.
Ans
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C.
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W
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a
nd
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ui,
“
Stud
y
on
Patter
n
Rec
onf
igura
t
i
on
of
Plasm
a
A
nte
nna
Excit
ed
b
y
Surfac
e
W
ave
,
”
TEL
KOMNIKA
(
Tele
commucat
i
on,
Computing,
El
e
ct
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D.
Piaz
z
a,
N.
J
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Kirsch,
A.
Fo
ren
za,
R.
W
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Hea
lt
h
Jr,
and
K.
R.
Dande
ka
r,
“
Design
and
eva
lu
at
ion
of
a
rec
onfigur
able
a
nte
nna
arr
a
y
for
MIM
O
s
y
stems
,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ans.
Ant
ennas
Propag.
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P.
-
Y.
Qin,
A.
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W
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l
y
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Y.
J.
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H.
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ang
,
“
Polari
z
a
ti
on
re
conf
igur
a
ble
U
-
Slot
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at
c
h
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enn
a,”
IE
E
E
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ns.
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ennas Propag.,
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J.
F.
Val
enz
u
ela
-
val
d
és,
M.
F.
Manz
ano
,
and
L.
La
nd
esa
,
“
Dee
peni
ng
true
pola
ri
zation
d
i
ver
sit
y
for
MIM
O
s
y
stem,”
IE
EE
A
nte
nnas Wi
re
l. Pr
opag.
Lett.,
vol
.
11,
pp.
933
–
936
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2012
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[8]
D.
Piaz
za,
P.
Mookiah,
M.
D’A
m
ic
o,
and
K.
R.
Dande
kar
,
“
Expe
rimental
ana
l
y
sis
of
pat
te
rn
and
pola
ri
za
t
ion
rec
onfigur
able
c
irc
ul
ar
patch
antenna
s
for
MIM
O
sy
st
ems
,
”
IEEE
Tr
ans.
Ve
h.
Technol.,
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5,
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2352
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2362,
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[9]
D.
Piazza
,
P.
Mookiah,
D.
Mi
ch
el
e
,
and
K.
R.
D
ande
kar
,
“Pa
tt
er
n
and
polarizati
on
rec
onf
igurabl
e
c
ircul
ar
pat
ch
for M
IMO system
s,”
in
Europ
ean Confe
ren
ce on
Antenna
s
and
P
ropa
gation,
2009
,
pp
.
1047
–
1051
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Ind
oo
r
Ch
anne
l C
apacity
Me
as
ure
me
nt
of 2 x 2 MI
M
O
Po
l
ar
izati
on
Diver
sit
y
... (
M
oham
ed
N
as
run
O
s
man
)
1201
[10]
B.
S.
Coll
ins,
“
Polari
z
at
ion
div
ersity
antenna
s
for
compac
t
base
stat
ions,”
Mi
crow.
J.,
vol.
43
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no.
1,
pp.
76
–
8
8,
2000.
[11]
F.
Qing
y
uan
,
S.
Li
zhong,
J.
Mi
ng,
H.
Yong,
and
Q.
Xiaol
in,
“
W
ide
band
Dual
-
li
ne
ar
Polarize
d
Stac
ked
Patch
Antenna
wi
th
A
s
y
m
m
er
y
Fe
edi
n
g,
”
TEL
KOMNI
KA
(
Tele
commucat
ion
,
Computi
ng,
E
le
c
tronic
s
and
Control)
,
vo
l.
12,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
10
6
–
112
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2014
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[12]
M.
N.
Osman,
M.
K.
a.
Rahi
m
,
P.
Gardne
r,
M.
R.
Ham
id,
M.
F
.
M.
Yus
off,
and
H.
a.
Maji
d,
“
An
El
ec
tron
ica
l
l
y
Rec
onfigur
abl
e
Patc
h
Anten
na
Design
fo
r
Polariza
t
ion
Diver
sit
y
w
i
th
Fixed
Res
onant
Frequ
en
c
y
,
”
Radi
oengi
n
ee
rin
g,
vol
.
24
,
no
.
1
,
pp.
45
–
53
,
A
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2015.
[13]
M.
N.
Os
m
an,
M.
K.
A.
R
ahim
,
M.
R.
Ham
id,
M.
F.
M.
Yus
off,
and
H.
A.
Maji
d
,
“
Co
m
pac
t
Dual
-
Por
t
Polari
z
at
ion
-
R
econfigura
bl
e
Ant
e
nna
W
it
h
High
I
solat
ions
for
MIM
O
Applic
ation
,
”
I
EEE
An
te
nna
s
Wirel
.
Propag
.
Le
tt., vol
.
15
,
pp
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–
459
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2016
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[14]
M.
Z.
A
.
A.
Azi
z
and
M.
K.
A.
Rahi
m
,
“
W
ire
le
ss
MIMO
cha
nne
l
ca
pa
cit
y
using
double
stage
d
iv
ersity
techniqu
e,”
Wirel
.
P
ers.
Co
mm
un
.
,
vol
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85
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no.
4
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pp
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–
2081,
Jul.
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M.
F.
A.
Kadir
,
M.
K.
Sua
idi
,
an
d
M.
Z
.
A
.
Az
iz,
“
MIM
O
bea
m
form
ing
net
wok
havi
ng
po
la
ri
za
tion
dive
rsi
t
y
,
”
i
n
Europe
an
Confe
ren
ce on
Ant
enn
as
and
Prop
aga
t
i
on,
2009
,
pp
.
17
43
–
1747.
[16]
A.
M.
Abdin
,
“
Design
of
du
al
-
pola
ri
za
t
ion
stacked
arr
a
y
s
for
wire
le
ss
comm
u
nic
a
ti
ons,”
Prog
.
El
e
ct
rom
agn.
Re
seac
h
,
vo
l. 4,
no.
4
,
pp
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409
–
4
12,
2008
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[17]
K.
Masuda,
“
Corre
lation
of
MIM
O
and
it
s
eva
luation,”
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EE
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ional
S
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m
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n
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s
an
d
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ti
onAnt
e
nnas
and
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ion
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20
05,
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[18]
J.
P.
Kerm
oal
,
P.
E.
Mongensen
,
S.
H.
Jensen,
J.
B.
Andersen,
F.
Frede
riksen,
T.
B.
Sorensen,
an
d
K.
I.
Pede
rsen,
“Expe
rimenta
l
i
nve
stigat
ion
o
f
multi
path
ri
chnes
s
for
multi
-
elem
ent
transm
it
and
rec
e
iv
e
ant
enna
arr
ays,
”
in
IE
E
E
Confer
ence
Proc
ee
dings on
Vehi
cul
ar
T
ec
hnolog
y
,
2000
,
pp
.
200
4
–
2008.
[19]
Alex
Gershm
an and
Nikos Sidiro
poulos,
Spac
e
-
t
i
m
e
proc
essing
f
or
MIM
O c
om
muni
cations.
England:
W
ile
y
,
200
5.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Moham
ed
Nasru
n
Osman
was
b
orn
in
Novem
ber
1987.
He
rec
e
i
ved
his
El
e
ct
ri
c
al
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
degr
ee
m
aj
or
telec
om
m
unic
atio
n
from
Univer
si
ti
T
eknol
og
i
M
al
a
y
si
a
in
2010.
From
2010
to
2012,
he
was
an
assistant
d
irect
or
at
Malay
si
an
Com
m
unic
at
ion
and
Multi
m
ed
ia
Com
m
ission,
responsible
on
implementa
t
ion
and
m
onit
orin
g
of
comm
unic
at
ion
and
t
ec
h
nolog
y
project
spec
ifica
l
l
y
in
ru
ral
ar
ea.
He
obt
a
ine
d
his
PhD
de
gre
e
in
Elec
tr
ica
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
at
the
Univer
si
ti
Te
knologi
Ma
lay
sia
.
He
is
cur
re
ntly
worked
at
Univer
siti
Mal
a
y
sia
Perl
is
as
senior
le
c
ture
r
.
Hi
s
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
s
inc
lude
rec
on
figura
bl
e
ant
enn
a
design,
wea
r
a
ble
antenna
,
R
F
design
and
wire
le
ss
MIM
O s
y
stem
.
Moham
ad
Kam
al
A.
Rah
im
was
born
in
Alor
Sta
r
Keda
h
Mal
a
y
s
i
a
on
3rd
Novem
ber
,
1964
.
He
rec
e
ive
d
the
B
Eng
degr
ee
i
n
El
e
ct
ri
cal
an
d
El
e
ct
roni
c
E
ngine
er
ing
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
o
f
Strat
hcly
d
e,
UK
in
1987.
He
ob
ta
in
ed
his
Mast
er
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
f
rom
Univer
sit
y
of
New
South
W
al
es,
Aus
tra
l
ia
in
1992.
He
gr
a
duat
ed
h
is
PhD
i
n
2003
from
Univer
sit
y
of
Birmi
ngham,
U.K.,
in
the
f
ield
of
W
ide
band
Ac
ti
v
e
Antenna
.
From
1992
to
1999,
h
e
was
a
lectur
er
a
t
the
Fa
cult
y
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Univer
si
ti
Te
kno
logi
M
al
a
y
si
a.
From
2005
to
2007,
he
was
a
senior
le
c
ture
r
a
t
the
Depa
rtment
of
Com
m
unic
at
ion
Engi
nee
r
ing,
F
ac
ul
t
y
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
ineeri
ng,
Univer
siti
Te
kn
ologi
Malay
sia
.
He
is
now
a
Pr
ofe
ss
or
at
Univer
siti
Te
kno
logi,
Malay
si
a.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
r
est
inc
lude
s
the
desig
n
of
ac
ti
v
e
and
passive
ant
enn
as,
die
l
ectric
resona
tor
ant
enn
as,
m
ic
ros
tri
p
an
te
nnas
,
ref
le
c
t
-
arr
a
y
antenn
as,
elec
tromagne
ti
c
b
and
gap
(
E
BG),
art
if
icial
m
agne
ti
c
condu
c
tors
(AM
C),
l
eft
-
hande
d
m
etam
a
te
ri
al
s a
nd
comp
ute
r aide
d
desig
n
for ante
nn
as.
Moham
ad
Rij
al
Ham
id
rec
e
ived
the
M.Sc
.
de
gre
es
in
Com
m
unic
a
ti
on
Eng
in
ee
ring
f
rom
the
Univer
siti
Te
kn
ologi
Mal
a
y
s
ia,
Johor
Bahru,
Malay
s
ia,
in
20
01
and
th
e
Ph
D
Degre
e
at
th
e
Univer
sit
y
of
Birmingham,
Birmingham,
Unite
d
Kingdom
.
He
has
bee
n
with
Univer
siti
T
eknol
ogi
Ma
lay
sia
at
the
Fa
cu
lty
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Engi
nee
r
ing,
U
TM
since
1999.
Curre
ntly
his
positi
on
is
a
Se
nior
L
ec
tur
er.
H
is
m
aj
or
r
ese
arch
intere
st
is
re
c
onfigura
bl
e
ant
e
nna
design
for
m
ult
imode
wire
l
ess a
pplications.
Mohd
Fairus
Mohd
Yus
off
is
a
gra
d
ua
te
f
ac
ul
t
y
m
ember
of
the
Fa
cul
t
y
of
Elec
tr
ical
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
UT
M.
He
joi
ned
UTM
in
2002
as
a
Tut
or.
He
received
his
Bac
hel
or
in
Engi
nee
r
ing
(El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
-
Tele
c
om
m
unic
at
ion)
in
2002
and
Master
of
El
e
c
tri
c
al
Enginee
r
i
ng
(El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
-
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Te
l
ec
om
m
uni
ca
t
ions)
in
2005
fro
m
Univer
siti
Teknologi
Mal
a
y
s
i
a.
He
ob
ta
in
ed
his
PhD
in
2012
from
Univer
sit
y
of
R
enne
s
1,
Franc
e
in
are
a
of
Sign
al
Proce
ss
ing
and
Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
ation.
His
m
ai
n
r
ese
arc
h
intere
st
and
ar
ea
s
is
antenna
d
esign,
m
i
ll
imeter
wave
s
and
m
ic
rowav
e
devi
c
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
10
, N
o.
3
,
June
201
8
:
1196
–
1202
1202
Moham
ad
Zoi
nol
Abidin
Abd
A
zi
z
re
ce
iv
ed
his
Master
and
PhD
in
El
ectrical
En
gine
er
ing
from
Univer
siti
Te
kn
ologi
Mal
a
y
sia
UTM
in
2005
a
nd
2015
respe
ct
i
vely
.
He
is
lectu
rer
a
t
Univ
ersit
i
Te
knik
al
Ma
lays
ia
Mela
k
a
(UT
eM)
since
2006.
His
rese
ar
ch
ar
ea
are
m
ic
row
a
ve
component
design,
antenna
design
and
MIM
O s
y
stem.
Muza
m
m
il
Jus
o
h
is
cur
ren
tly
w
orking
with
Univer
siti
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Perli
s
(UniMAP
)
as
a
senior
le
c
ture
r
and
rese
arc
her
base
d
in
School
of
Com
p
ute
r
and
Com
muni
cation
Engi
n
ee
ring
(SCC
E).
Expe
ri
enc
ed
as
RF
and
Microwa
ve
Engi
n
ee
r
for Telekom
Malay
s
ia
Be
rha
d
(
TM)
Com
pan
y
from
2006
-
2009.
Exp
eri
en
ce
as
an
e
ngine
er
(
team
le
ade
r)
of
Specialize
d
Network
Servic
es
(SN
S)
Depa
rtment
base
d
in
TM
Senai
Johor.
Do
pre
ven
ti
ve
and
cor
recti
ve
m
ai
nte
nan
ce
of
ILS,
ND
B,
DV
OR,
rep
ea
t
er
,
m
ic
rowave
s
y
s
te
m
,
VH
F
and
UH
F
base
d
on
cont
ract
wise;
De
par
tment
Civ
il
Aviat
ion
(DCA
),
TUDM
,
PDRM,
ATM,
Ta
njong
Pele
pas
Port
(
PTP
),
M
CMC
and
JPS
(Hidrologi
Dept
.
).
He
has
recei
v
ed
PhD
in
Comm
unic
at
ion
Eng
i
nee
ring
from
UniMA
P
in
2013
.
W
hil
e
re
ce
iv
ed
Ms
C
(2010)
in
El
e
ct
roni
c
T
el
e
c
om
m
unic
at
ion
E
ngine
er
ing
and
Bac
he
lor
Degre
e
(2006)
in
El
ectri
ca
l
-
El
e
ct
roni
c
a
nd
Te
lecom
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
from
Univer
siti
Te
knolog
i
Malay
s
ia
(UTM).
Mana
ge
to
publi
sh
a
num
ber
o
f
qual
ity
journal
s
such
as
IEE
E
AW
PL,
M
OTL,
IJA
P,
PIER
and
Radi
o
Engi
nee
r
ing
and
m
ore
th
an
50
conf
ere
nc
e
pape
rs.
His
rese
arc
h
intere
sts
inc
lud
e
an
te
nna
design,
r
ec
onf
i
gura
ble
ant
enna,
MIM
O,
UW
B
and
wire
le
ss
c
om
m
unic
at
ion
s
y
stem.
Curr
ent
l
y
,
supervising
a
num
ber
of
PhD
and
Ms
C
students
and
a
lso mana
ging
few
gr
ant
s
under
Ministr
y
o
f
Higher
Educat
i
on
Malay
si
a
Muham
m
ad
Azf
ar
Abdulla
h
was
born
in
Selay
an
g,
Sela
ngor
Mal
a
y
si
a
in
198
7.
H
e
rec
e
ive
d
th
e
B
Eng
degr
ee
in
El
ectri
ca
l
Enginee
ring
m
aj
or
in
te
lecom
m
unic
ation
from
Univer
siti
Te
kno
logi
Malay
s
ia
in
201
0
and
M.S.
degr
ee
in
e
lectr
i
cal
e
ngine
er
ing
from
Univer
siti
Te
kn
ologi
Mal
a
y
si
a
in
2014.
He is
cu
rre
ntly
PhD
.
De
gre
e in elect
r
ic
a
l
engi
n
ee
ring
a
t U
nive
rsit
y
Te
kn
ologi
Ma
lay
sia
.
From
2010
to
2011,
he
was
a
pr
oce
ss
engi
ne
er
a
t
Infine
on
Sdn
B
hd
Kulim
Keda
h.
His
rese
ar
ch
int
er
est
in
cl
ud
es
te
xtile
antenna
d
esign
and
ar
ti
fi
cial
m
agneti
c
con
duct
or
(AM
C).
Nors
ai
dah
Muham
ad
Nadz
ir
rece
iv
ed
her
B.
Eng
.
Degre
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
al
Engi
n
ee
r
in
g
(Com
pute
r
Engi
ne
eri
ng)
fro
m
Univer
siti
Teknologi
Ma
lay
si
a
in
2016.
She
is
cur
ren
tly
pursui
ng
her
M
.
Eng
.
Degre
e
in
Elec
tri
c
al
Eng
ineeri
ng
in
Univer
si
t
i
Te
kno
logi
M
al
a
y
si
a.
Her
re
sea
rch
int
er
est
inc
lud
es
RF
ID
ant
enn
as
for
r
e
ade
rs
and
t
ags,
computer
ai
d
e
d
design
for
a
nte
nnas,
sm
al
l
ant
enn
as,
computer
s
y
stems
,
and wirel
ess sensor
net
works
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.