TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.5, May 2014, pp
. 3769 ~ 37
7
6
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomni
ka.v12i5.5115
3769
Re
cei
v
ed
No
vem
ber 1
1
, 2013; Re
vi
sed
De
cem
ber 2
7
,
2013; Accep
t
ed Jan
uary 1
0
, 2014
Organic RFID Based on Traceability System of Rice
Supply Chain
Yi-neng Ch
e
n
1
, Kui Fang*
1,2
, De-hong
Ding
2
, Xing-hui Zhu
1
, Yu-kun Yang
1
1
Institute of Informatio
n
Scien
c
e &
T
e
c
hnol
o
g
y
, H
una
n Agri
cultura
l
Univ
er
sit
y
,
Cha
ngsh
a
, hun
an, P. R. China
2
Institute of Resources & Envi
ronme
n
t, Huna
n Agricu
ltural
Univers
i
t
y
,
Cha
ngsh
a
, hun
an, P. R. China
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: fk@huna
u.ne
t*, yie
ngch
en@
163.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Organic RF
ID tags hav
e the features
of tw
o-di
me
nsio
nal b
a
r
codes, inex
pe
nsive, flexi
b
le
and thi
n
,
w
h
ile also i
n
te
grated the
me
rits of
inorgan
i
c
RFID tags,
mak
i
n
g
the
m
pro
m
isi
ng in f
a
cilitati
ng the
w
i
de
app
licati
on of
RF
ID technol
ogy. In this paper, org
anic
RF
ID technol
o
g
y and its ch
aracteristics a
r
e
ana
ly
z
e
d, a
n
d
the feasi
b
il
ity of it
s appl
ic
ation i
n
ric
e
tracin
g is st
ud
i
ed. Base
d on
the an
alysis
of
character
i
stics of each li
nks in rice supp
ly chai
n,
and w
i
th orga
nic RF
ID techn
o
lo
gy as tracin
g me
ans,
a
rice s
upp
ly c
h
ain
tracin
g sys
tem
is
desi
g
n
e
d
us
ing
d
a
tab
a
s
e a
n
d
sens
or
s. F
o
cusin
g
on
char
acteristics
of
m
a
jor
links
in tracing and t
he requ
irem
ents of electronic tags, app
lic
ation sc
heme
of the system is
prop
osed for th
e tracking
and
tracing of l
i
nks
in rice su
pp
ly chai
n. In the me
anti
m
e, sch
emes are d
e
sig
n
e
d
for the associ
ation of maj
o
r informatio
n
in
the tr
acing system to ensur
e the accurac
y
and reli
ab
ilit
y of
tracking a
nd tracin
g.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
or
gan
ic RF
ID, tracing, rice, sup
p
l
y chai
n, associ
ation, li
nk
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
As
staple
foo
d
for over 60
% of the
pop
ulation, ri
ce
(Oryza
sativa) is
a m
a
jor
crop
in
Chin
a. In recent years, du
e to
exce
ssiv
e
use
of che
m
ical fertili
ze
rs a
nd pe
stici
des a
nd a
b
u
s
ive
appli
c
ation
o
f
food ad
ditives, ri
ce q
u
a
lity has
attracted
more
con
c
e
r
n
s
by
con
s
u
m
ers.
The
trace
ability of the quality
and safety of rice, as
well
as other ag
ricultu
r
al p
r
o
duct
s
, has th
us
become p
a
rti
c
ula
r
ly impo
rtant. With the
grad
ual
imp
r
ovement in n
a
tional ri
ce
standards, foo
d
quality and
safety laws a
n
d
reg
u
lation
s system, rese
arche
s
an
d i
m
pleme
n
tatio
n
of rice tra
c
i
n
g
system
s are
on track, h
o
weve
r
tra
c
i
ng syste
m
with ri
ce a
s
study obje
c
t has ra
rely
been
repo
rted.
Rice tradin
g
involves many
links, mista
k
es in
any of whi
c
h could cause inconsi
s
tency of
bar
co
de
s o
n
delive
r
y b
ags with
ri
ce
inform
ation
data, lea
d
ing
to very
co
mmon i
n
vent
ory
transshi
p
me
n
t
s. Mean
whil
e, sin
c
e
rice tradin
g
often
happ
en
s in h
a
rsh e
n
viron
m
ents, b
a
r
code
s
that are
bo
u
nd to d
e
livery bag
s could
ea
sily fa
ll of
f or b
e
d
a
ma
ged. L
o
ss o
r
dama
ge
of
bar
cod
e
s
ca
us
e
s
lo
ss
of
ri
ce
inf
o
rmat
io
n a
nd ma
ke
s ri
ce tra
c
ing
alm
o
st imp
o
ssibl
e
. Therefore, it is
cru
c
ial to de
si
gn a rice tra
c
i
ng syste
m
that is se
cu
re, reliable, and
a
c
curate.
Radi
o F
r
eq
u
ency Id
entification
(RFID) [1] i
s
a
non-c
ontac
t automatic
identific
a
tion
techn
o
logy u
s
ing
radi
o-fre
quen
cy si
gna
ls to ide
n
ti
fy obje
c
ts a
nd o
b
tain data
an
d inform
ation
[2].
The ap
plicati
on of RFID i
s
simple, pract
i
cal, ac
cu
rate
, reliable a
nd
flexible, and even suita
b
le
for
many h
a
rsh
environme
n
ts. Th
erefo
r
e,
it ha
s
bee
n research
e
d
an
d
widel
y use
d
i
n
many
c
o
untries
[3].
With the development
of
RFID te
chn
o
lo
gy, it ha
s
started servin
g fo
r the
qu
ality a
nd
safety gua
ra
ntee of ag
ri
cultural p
r
o
d
u
c
ts in
tra
c
in
g syste
m
s [
4
]. In Europ
e
, the U.S.
and
Australi
a, RFI
D
tag
s
have
been
ap
plied
to regulat
e
the
whol
e p
r
o
c
e
s
s of foo
d
i
ndu
stry in
orde
r
to provid
e qu
ality assured
prod
uct
s
to th
e ma
rket
s [5-7]. Although
RFID ta
gs
are co
nsi
dered
the
most p
r
omi
s
i
ng tech
nolo
g
y
in global trading a
nd
lo
gistics, their
high co
st
s constraine
d th
eir
appli
c
ation in
food safety
tracin
g sy
ste
m
s. T
he e
m
e
r
gen
ce
of organi
c RFI
D
solved this i
s
sue
very well an
d
gives RFI
D
tech
nolo
g
y the oppo
rtunity
to be widely
applie
d in ag
ricultural prod
uct
trac
ing s
y
s
t
ems
.
In this
s
t
udy, with ric
e
trac
ing sy
ste
m
as an exa
m
ple, an agri
c
ultural pro
d
u
ct
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TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3769 – 37
76
3770
tracin
g sy
ste
m
that use
s
RFID a
s
tra
c
i
ng mean
s
i
s
prop
osed. Th
e purp
o
se of
this study is to
provide b
a
si
s for food quali
t
y and safety tracin
g.
2.
Organic
RFID Tag and
Related Studies
2.1. Organic
RFID Ta
g
Orga
nic
RFI
D
tech
nolo
g
y is the pro
d
u
c
t com
b
ining
RFID with o
r
gani
c semi
condu
ctor.
Data i
s
o
b
tai
ned th
rou
gh
radio
-
fre
que
n
c
y [8] and
o
b
ject
s a
r
e i
d
entified auto
m
atically
with
out
human
inte
rvention. O
r
g
a
n
i
c
RFID tag
s
have
simila
r
stru
cture
with
ino
r
ga
nic RF
ID tag
s
, mai
n
ly
comp
osed
of anten
na,
RF mod
u
le,
control
mod
u
l
e
an
d me
mo
ry [9]. Figu
re
1 p
r
e
s
ente
d
the
stru
cture of o
r
gani
c
RFID t
ags. O
r
ga
nic
RFID ta
g
s
ha
ve improved
material
s an
d
manufa
c
turin
g
techni
que
co
mpari
ng
with conve
n
tional
RFID tag
s
.
With orga
nic thi
n
-film tran
si
stors
(O
TFT), I
C
circuits a
r
e p
r
epa
re
d to cheap pla
s
ti
c bases to re
pl
ace tra
d
ition
a
l high-co
st Si-(sili
co
n)
chips.
Thro
ugh
roll to roll (R2
R
) p
r
inting, tag
s
a
r
e man
u
factu
r
ed in b
a
tch
e
s
, so that the
manufa
c
turin
g
is simplifie
d a
nd high
co
st redu
ced.
Figure 1. Structure of
RFID System
2.2. Featur
es
of Organic
RFID Te
chn
o
log
y
Acco
rdi
ng to
a repo
rt fro
m
the Natu
re Ma
terial
Commenta
r
y maga
zine,
cost of all-
orga
nic RFI
D
tags
ca
n be
redu
ced to
0.0
1
~0.0
2
doll
a
r
per ta
g [11].
While i
n
teg
r
at
ed the fe
atures
of two
-
dime
n
s
ion
a
l b
a
r co
des, i
nexpe
n
s
ive, soft and
thin, o
r
ga
nic
RFID tag
s
ke
pt mo
st me
rits of
inorg
ani
c RFID tag
s
, a
c
curate, easily
ap
plica
b
le
, interferen
ce
re
sist
ant, and
suit
able fo
r ha
rsh
environ
ment
s. For appli
c
at
ions of lo
ng
cycle
s
, or
gan
ic RFI
D
tag
s
have a limite
d
se
rvice life
of
only one yea
r
. Ho
wever, f
o
r ri
ce a
nd ot
her a
g
ri
cultu
r
al pro
d
u
c
ts with sho
r
t ope
rating cycl
es
or
prod
uct
s
that have sh
ort life cycle
s
, org
anic
RFID tag
s
ca
n fully meet the requi
re
ments.
2.3.
Curren
t
Studies
on Organic RFID
Tech
nolog
y
Curre
n
tly, many co
untrie
s
, regi
on
s, and in
stitutio
ns a
r
e fa
cili
tating org
ani
c RFI
D
developm
ent. PolyIC comp
any in Germ
a
n
made si
gnif
i
cant prog
re
ss by usin
g pri
n
ting and R2
R
techn
o
logy to
produ
ce
org
anic RFID ta
gs
with
ope
rating freque
n
c
y of 1
3
.56M
Hz.
Hu
nd
red
s
of
orga
nic tra
n
si
stors
are
inte
grated
in
on
e
tag, p
r
ovidin
g 8
-
, 32
-
and
64
-bit d
a
ta
memory
[12,
13].
In the Ge
rm
any organi
c
electroni
cs
confere
n
ce of
2007, o
r
g
a
n
ic
RFID ta
g
s
were u
s
ed
in
conf
e
r
en
ce t
i
ck
et
s.
J
ohn
s
Hop
k
in
s U
n
iv
ersit
y
s
u
cce
s
sfully develop
ed a ne
w typ
e
of low-volta
ge
electroni
c loa
d
hybrid t
r
an
sistor that
can
be ap
pli
ed to
orga
nic
RFI
D
circuits [1
4]. In Chin
a, there
are al
so stu
d
i
es on o
r
gani
c RFID te
chn
o
logy. XU
, Zheng, et al. of Beijing Jia
o
tong Unive
r
sity
studie
d
the ra
dio-frequ
en
cy signal mod
u
l
a
tion for
org
a
n
ic RFI
D
tags [15], and ZHAO, Qiuyan, et
al. studied fut
u
re ap
plicatio
ns of organi
c RFID tag
s
in
animal food tracin
g.
3.
Information
Architec
ture
of Or
ganic RFID-Based Rice
Tra
c
ing
Sy
stem
Multiple lin
ks are
involved
in ri
ce
suppl
y chai
n, incl
u
d
ing
rice pl
an
ting, rice p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng,
prod
uct di
stri
bution an
d ri
ce
con
s
um
ption, as
we
ll a
s
the vario
u
s activities through
out the l
i
nks
and the up
st
ream a
nd do
wn
strea
m
circulatio
n,
incl
uding
stora
g
e
, transportat
i
on, loadin
g
and
An
R
F
m
o
dul
e
C
ont
r
o
l
m
o
d
u
l
e
Me
Batteries
Ener
gy
Cloc
k
Data
Data
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Orga
nic
RFID Based on T
r
ace
ability System
of Rice Suppl
y Ch
ain (Yi-nen
g Ch
en
)
3771
unloa
ding, a
nd carrying.
In this
stu
d
y, base
d
o
n
the ri
ce
prod
uctio
n
,
circulatio
n, a
n
d
con
s
um
ption situation
s
in Chin
a
and combinin
g
fiel
d su
rveys, p
e
rtinent d
a
ta
of rice pl
ant
ing,
harve
sting, m
illing, pro
c
e
ssing, insp
ectio
n
, dist
rib
u
tion
, transp
o
rtati
on and
selli
n
g
are
gathe
re
d,
and the
s
e d
a
t
a are the
n
reco
rde
d
by o
r
gani
c
RFID
tags an
d upl
oade
d to dat
a cente
r
of the
system laye
r by layer. Through the
s
e
steps, links in
rice
sup
p
ly chain are tra
c
ked. Ea
ch of the
links in
rice supply chain,
partici
pated
u
n
its, key
step
s an
d p
r
o
c
e
s
se
s in
ea
ch li
nk of
every b
a
tch
of ri
ce
are tracked to ensure
the t
r
aceability of the whole proc
ess.
In the
meantime, consumers
and
governm
ent regulato
r
s
can
b
r
o
w
se
and
qu
ery
hi
st
ory i
n
form
ation of
ri
ce
wit
h
the
RFI
D
ta
gs
as m
ediu
m
. The traceabili
ty of data in
rice
suppl
y
chain i
s
p
o
sse
s
sed. Inform
ation flo
w
of
the
tracin
g syste
m
is pre
s
e
n
te
d in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Information Flo
w
of Orga
nic RF
ID-b
ased Ri
ce Supply Ch
ain Tra
c
in
g System
4.
Realization
of Orga
nic RFID-Bas
ed Rice Supply
Chain Tracing
Sy
stem
4.1. Application of RFID i
n
Rice
Planti
ng and Ha
rv
esting Sub
-
s
y
stem
Rice plantin
g
and ha
rvesti
ng su
b-sy
ste
m
is the mo
st important
lin
k in ri
ce supp
ly chain,
providin
g ori
g
inal ba
sic d
a
ta for rice tracin
g.
In this sub-syste
m
, organi
c RFI
D
tags have
two
role
s, on
e is
to be
combi
n
ed with
data
b
a
se i
n
o
r
de
r t
o
coll
ect
and
record ri
ce i
n
formation, a
n
d
the othe
r i
s
to mark th
e
planting
and
harve
sting
i
n
formatio
n of
the ri
ce
bei
ng d
e
livere
d
to
pro
c
e
ssi
ng fa
cilities. The i
n
formatio
n re
corded in th
i
s
link inclu
d
e
s
basi
c
use
r
in
formation, ba
sic
rise
info
rmati
on, daily
adm
inistratio
n inf
o
rmatio
n,
key plantin
g info
rmation, etc.
F
i
gure
3
pre
s
e
n
ts
details of these informati
on.
Considering the expansibility of
the rice suppl
y chain traci
ng
system, RFI
D
device
s
with
EPC stand
ard were ch
ose
n
.
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Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3769 – 37
76
3772
Figure 3. Basic Informati
o
n
of Planting Sub-system
4.1.1. Application in Field Managem
e
nt
First
step of t
he sy
stem is
to cod
e
the fields
usin
g let
t
ers a
nd di
gits. As sho
w
n i
n
Figu
re
4, C005
stan
ds for field
No. 5 in rice ba
se C. O
r
di
narily, rice of the
same
bre
ed
is plante
d
in the
same
b
a
se,
and i
n
the
same fiel
d, pl
anting
enviro
n
ment, fertili
zer
amou
nt, p
e
stici
d
e
s
a
m
ount
and di
sea
s
e t
r
eatme
nt are
basi
c
ally the
same. Fo
r
ea
se of admi
n
istration an
d b
enefit of orga
nic
RFID, in this
system an o
r
gani
c RFID t
ag is assig
n
e
d
to each fiel
d. Combini
n
g
with databa
se
,
“Prod
u
ctio
n i
dentifiers”
are esta
blished
for the re
cording of info
rmation of the
planting li
nk
and
daily admini
s
tration, and to
facilitate the in
formatio
n asso
ciation
of subsequ
ent lin
ks.
Figure 4. Rice Base Codin
g
Schem
es
4.1.2. Application in Trac
ing Pl
anting and Ha
rv
esting Informati
on
Harvested ri
ce is
shi
pped to
processing facilities in bag
s. Here
we
call these bags
“coll
e
ctin
g ba
gs”. T
he b
ags are n
u
mbe
r
e
d
in the
form
a
t
of Identifier + Base code
+ Flo
w
code
a
s
sho
w
n i
n
Fig
u
re 5.
Con
s
i
derin
g othe
r
packin
g
ba
gs
in the chain,
in this
study
we u
s
e th
e first
letter of word
“colle
ct” a
s
the identifier,
zip code
pl
us three digits
of flow cod
e
as ba
se
cod
e
.
Mean
while, consi
deri
ng
th
e
large co
nsumption of
collectin
g ba
g
s
, flow code
s
con
s
i
s
t of
six
digits, ca
pabl
e of marki
ng
999,99
9 coll
e
c
ting ba
gs.
Figure 5. Cod
i
ng of Colle
cti
ng Bags
Since
organi
c
RFID tag
s
are
inexpe
nsi
v
e, flex
ible a
nd e
a
sily
re
a
d
, they
can
fulfill the
large
re
qui
re
ments
and
th
e dem
and
of
foldable
of
collectin
g
ba
g
s
,
thu
s
they are used as th
e
carrie
rs of
col
l
ecting
bag
code
s. A sam
p
le of o
r
ga
nic RFID tag
s
is pre
s
e
n
ted in
Figu
re 6. T
h
ese
tags a
r
e sewed to the si
deline
s
of co
llecting
b
a
g
s
, with half pa
rt inside the
bags a
nd h
a
lf
C 4 1 0 1 2 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Collec
tion
bag
identif
ier
Farm with flow
code of
1
in
Hunan Agricultu
r
al
University
11
th
harv
est
in this
farm
C 0 0 5
Base of C
Field of
5
in bas
e
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TELKOM
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Orga
nic
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r
ace
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en
)
3773
outsid
e
. The external pa
rt is for easy view, and the internal p
a
r
t is for the ca
se
s whe
r
e
the
external pa
rt is dama
ged o
r
has fallen off
.
Figure 6. Sample Organi
c RFID Tag Se
wed to Sideli
nes of Colle
cting Bags
With
RFID tech
nolo
g
y to
re
ad th
e o
r
gani
c
RF
ID tags of
colle
cting ba
gs an
d field
s
,
asso
ciation
could b
e
e
s
ta
blish
ed b
e
tween the
ba
g
s
an
d the
ri
ce pl
anting
and h
a
rve
s
ti
ng
informatio
n. By transferri
ng these inf
o
rmatio
n to the trac
ing
sys
tem with
WSN tec
h
nology
,
system
se
cu
rity and found
ation ar
e pro
v
ided. With o
r
gani
c
RFID
tracin
g info
rmation, not o
n
ly
farmers
ca
n
trace flow
dire
ction
s
of
their ri
ce,
reali
z
ing
do
wn
strea
m
tracking, b
u
t also
con
s
um
ers a
nd reg
u
lato
rs
can tra
c
e b
a
sic inform
ation
of rice, reali
z
ing up
strea
m
tracin
g.
4.2 Application of Org
a
nic RFID in M
illing and Rice Processin
g
Sub-s
y
stem
To improve tracin
g a
c
cura
cy, informatio
n of
the whol
e pro
c
e
s
s is
clo
s
ely a
s
sociated in
the sy
stem. In processin
g
sub
-
sy
stem, i
n
formatio
n a
bout the
insp
ection
of ri
ce
delivered to
the
processi
ng facilities, distributi
on information of produ
cts, and information in transport
ation
pro
c
e
ss a
r
e reco
rde
d
thro
ugh organi
c
RFID te
chnol
ogy for the tracin
g of rice i
n
formatio
n.
4.2.1. Associ
ation of
Rice
Information
and Proce
s
s
i
ng Informati
on
Rice inform
a
t
ion can b
e
read from the co
d
e
s of
colle
cting ba
gs, whil
e proce
s
sing
information contains relat
ed info
rm
ation of milling links incl
uding rice polishing, grading, color
sortin
g, timing, and wei
ghi
ng, as well a
s
inform
ati
on
of the rice p
r
odu
cts. Only
whe
n
inform
a
t
ion
of these t
w
o
units i
s
a
s
so
ciated,
rice tracin
g can b
e
accu
rate. Wi
th antenn
a si
gnal
s of a fix
ed
read
er in
stal
led at the
“gant
ry” covering
th
e lo
ading a
nd
unloa
ding a
r
ea, the syst
em
automatically
re
ad data whe
n
colle
cti
ng
b
a
g
s
a
r
e
delivered to
this
ar
ea. S
i
nce
processi
ng
informatio
n of
the sam
e
ba
tch of ri
ce i
s
con
s
i
s
tent
to
a ce
rtain exte
nt, inorga
nic
RFID i
s
u
s
ed
to
establi
s
h reu
s
abl
e pro
c
e
s
sing info
rmati
on re
co
rd. Ri
ce info
rmatio
n and p
r
o
c
e
s
sing info
rmati
on
are a
s
so
ciate
d
by readi
ng
cod
e
s of
coll
ecting b
a
g
s
a
nd syste
m
da
ta; the operat
ion is e
a
sy a
nd
highly accu
ra
te.
Figure 7. Gan
t
ry Structure
4.2.2. Associ
ation of Stor
age and
Deliv
er
y
Informa
t
ion
Rice from the
same p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng wareho
use m
a
y be tran
spo
r
ted to
different dist
ributio
n
cente
r
s,
th
us asso
ciation b
e
twee
n di
stri
bution b
a
tch
and
stora
ge
must to b
e
e
s
tablish
ed. Ba
sed
on existin
g
ri
ce info
rmatio
n and
pro
c
e
ssi
ng in
fo
rma
t
ion, and
co
mbining th
e t
e
mpe
r
ature a
n
d
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TELKOM
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Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2014: 3769 – 37
76
3774
humidity in tempo
r
ary sto
r
age
s dete
c
t
ed by sen
s
or
s, stora
ge informatio
n is forme
d
. Code
the
“delive
r
y bag
s” in
the
sam
e
format of
coding
coll
ecti
ng ba
gs,
with
the identifier of “D”. Before
rice l
e
ft the storage
s, a
s
so
ciate the
storage in
fo
rmati
on and
delive
r
y informatio
n
of each
batch
by bulk a
s
sociation of stora
ge in
form
atio
n and delive
r
y bags’ code
s.
4.3 Applica
t
ion of Org
a
nic RFID in Ri
ce Deliv
er
y
Sub-s
y
stem
Prior to wa
re
hou
se a
cce
p
t
ance, code
s of delivery bag
s are rea
d
by the “ga
n
try” to
obtain ri
ce
d
a
ta, and in
sp
ectors th
en
check the
ri
ce
quality and
uploa
d qu
ality indicato
rs t
o
databa
se. After inspe
c
tio
n
and e
n
suring the
match betwe
en
code
s of deli
v
ery bag
s a
nd
insp
ectin
g
in
dicato
rs, ri
ce
is arran
ged
for sto
r
age.
Before ri
ce g
e
ts out from
stora
g
e
s
, sp
e
c
ific
prod
uct flo
w
and
other de
livery inform
ation of th
e
curre
n
t retail
batch a
r
e
a
s
soci
ated to
the
orga
nic
RFI
D
tag
s
, esta
blishi
ng a
s
so
ciation
betwe
en con
s
umpt
ion informati
on an
d deliv
ery
informatio
n.
In
the sale
s sub
-
sy
stem, this coul
d
effectively prevent invento
r
y tran
sshipme
n
t.
From
pa
cki
n
g
ri
ce
delivery bag
s, sto
r
i
ng in
sto
r
a
g
e
s
of
delivery
cente
r
s,
to th
e en
d of
a
short
sellin
g peri
o
d
,
the one-yea
r
life cycle of
orga
nic
RFID could fully co
ver
the distri
b
u
tion cycl
e.
With org
ani
c RFID tech
n
o
logy to plan pr
o
c
ureme
n
t and inven
t
ory, delivery centers
coul
d improve their admi
n
istratio
n qu
ality and effi
cien
cy, as well as re
du
ce logisti
cs
costs.
Mean
while, it
help
s
e
n
terp
rise
s to
obtai
n re
alisti
c dat
a by ap
plying
org
ani
c RFID technol
ogy
in
gatheri
ng da
ta of many
links, includi
ng storage,
wareho
use e
n
try inspe
c
ti
on, accepta
n
c
e,
allocation, shi
p
ments, et
c.
4.4. Application of Organ
i
c RFID in Ri
ce Sales Su
b-s
y
stem
Considering realities
in
t
he
sale
s lin
k
of
ri
ce,
t
h
i
s
sy
st
em
c
o
mbine
s
o
r
ga
nic
RFI
D
techn
o
logy with bar cod
e
s. By stickin
g
bar code
s
to retail pa
ckag
es of rice or rice p
r
od
uct
s
as
carrie
rs
of informatio
n, associatio
n between o
r
ga
nic
FRID tag
s
a
n
d
traci
ng
cod
e
s i
s
e
s
tablishe
d
in data
cent
er. Th
e a
ppli
c
ation
of o
r
g
anic RFI
D
te
chn
o
logy i
n
sale
s li
nk co
uld imp
r
ove
the
operating efficien
cy of rice sup
p
ly ch
ain,
ensure
on-time d
e
livery of comm
odity, and hel
p
monitori
ng th
e delive
r
y of
good
s
within
the chain.
Me
anwhile, it
ca
n al
so
incre
a
se
sal
e
s,
re
d
u
ce
stock an
d re
duce labo
r costs. It sho
u
l
d be the
de
veloping di
re
ction of retai
ling to de
sig
n
automatic sal
e
s
system
integrat
in
g b
u
rg
lar p
r
e
c
autio
n, early
wa
rni
ng an
d p
a
yment usi
ng
RFI
D
tec
h
nology.
4.5. Application of Organic RFID in
Consumer an
d Regula
t
or
Sub-s
y
stem
Figure 8. We
bsite Qu
ery Interface
For
cust
omers’ co
nvenie
n
ce, t
he system
provide
s
mul
t
iple que
rying
chan
nel
s, in
cludi
ng
web
s
ite, text messag
es, te
lepho
ne, two-dimen
s
io
n
a
l cod
e
and
sel
f
-se
r
vice te
rminals. Fig
u
re 8
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
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046
Orga
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RFID Based on T
r
ace
ability System
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ain (Yi-nen
g Ch
en
)
3775
pre
s
ent
s the
web
s
ite
que
ry pag
e p
r
ov
ided by th
e
tracin
g
syste
m
. Mean
whil
e, touch
qu
e
r
y
machi
n
e
s
a
n
d
ele
c
tro
n
ic t
ag a
nd
bar
code
scan
ni
ng
devices a
r
e
also
set up
for
co
nsu
m
ers to
che
c
k ri
ce i
n
formatio
n. With the o
r
g
anic
RFID
t
ag or
ba
r code atta
che
d
to the ri
se
they
purcha
s
e
d
, consume
r
s
co
uld trace
distribution information of rice in delivery centers, the
pro
c
e
ssi
ng, storage a
nd d
e
livery inform
ation of ri
ce, as well as th
e planting inf
o
rmatio
n duri
n
g
the gro
w
th of the rice. Through termi
n
a
l
s, con
s
um
ers coul
d view the informati
on and carry out
effective traci
ng on
ce they found any pro
b
lem.
5. Conclu
sion
Orga
nic RFID tag
s
have
the featu
r
e
s
of t
w
o
-
dim
ensi
onal
ba
r co
de
s, inex
pen
sive,
flexible and thin, while al
so kee
p
the m
e
rits of
ino
r
g
anic
RFID ta
gs, accu
rate,
easily ap
plica
b
le,
interferen
ce resi
stant, and suitabl
e for h
a
rsh env
iro
n
m
ents. In this study, based
on the analysis
of ch
ara
c
te
ri
stics of
ea
ch
links in
ri
ce
su
ppl
y chai
n, and
organ
ic
RFID te
ch
nology a
s
t
r
a
c
ing
mean
s, a ri
ce su
pply cha
i
n traci
ng
system is
de
si
gned. Thi
s
system can p
r
ovide inform
ation
che
c
king, tra
cki
ng a
nd tra
c
ing to
farm
e
r
s,
con
s
um
ers, and
othe
r related p
a
rtie
s. It can hel
p
with
the regul
atio
n of rice p
r
odu
ction, rice quality
an
d safety ensuring, an
d the prote
c
tion
of
con
s
um
er ri
g
h
ts. The de
si
gn and inve
st
igation in this
study demo
n
s
trated th
e followin
g
:
1) Th
e ri
ce
sup
p
ly ch
ain
traci
ng
syst
em de
sig
ned
with o
r
ga
ni
c RFID te
ch
nology
integrate
d
th
e feature
s
a
nd fun
c
tions
of
both ino
r
g
anic
RFID-ba
s
ed traci
ng
system and
b
a
r
cod
e
-b
ased t
r
aci
n
g
sy
ste
m
. With t
w
o
tracin
g
sy
ste
m
s m
e
rged
togethe
r,
thi
s
syste
m
h
a
s the
merits of lo
w co
st, high accura
cy, fast an
d autom
atic
collectio
n, and
various q
u
e
r
y chann
els.
2) By a
s
soci
ating ri
ce i
n
fo
rmation
and
pro
c
e
ssi
ng i
n
formation,
st
orag
e info
rm
ation an
d
delivery information, as
well as o
r
g
ani
c RFI
D
tag
s
and tra
c
in
g code
s, a sche
me to impro
v
e
tracin
g accu
racy wa
s de
si
gned to en
ha
nce the trace
ability of basi
c
links in ri
ce
sup
p
ly chai
n.
3) The traci
n
g system i
s
divided into five
sub
-
sy
ste
m
s, incl
uding
planting, pro
c
e
ssi
ng,
delivery, sale
s, an
d
con
s
u
m
er
su
b-syst
ems. Rea
s
o
n
able appli
c
at
i
on
of organi
c RFID
technol
ogy
to each lin
k
ensure
s
the
orga
nization
and mod
u
lari
ty
of information, facilitating the fast a
n
d
accurate tra
c
king a
nd tra
c
i
ng of rice.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
This p
ape
r i
s
sup
porte
d b
y
the "Twelfth Five-Yea
r"
national
science an
d technolo
g
y
sup
port p
r
og
ram (No. 201
1BAD21B0
3
),
the scientif
ic key plan
nin
g
proj
ect of
Hun
an p
r
ovin
ce
(No. 20
10F
J1
006) a
nd Th
e
national scie
nce a
nd tech
nology supp
o
r
t prog
ram
(2
012BAD35B0
7
).
Referen
ces
[1]
Sarma S. Integrating RFID.
Queu
e
. 2004; 2(
7): P.50-57.
[2] Don
g
Lih
ua.
R
adi
o F
r
equ
enc
y Identificati
o
n
technol
ogy a
n
d
app
licati
ons
.
Beiji
ng: Electr
onic Ind
u
str
y
Press. 2008:
10
-15.
[3]
Luo Qi
ngY
ao,
Xi
on
g Be
nHa
i
, Yang
Li
ang.
Soluti
on
of dat
a col
l
ectio
n
of
s
w
i
n
e sla
u
g
h
ter bas
ed
o
n
ultrah
igh frequ
enc
y RF
ID
.
T
r
ansactions
of the Chin
ese Soci
et
y of Agricultur
al
Engin
eeri
ng
(T
ransactions of the CSAE). 201
1; 27(2): 370-375. (in Chin
ese
w
i
th Englis
h abstract).
[4]
Konstanti
nos
Domd
ouzis, B
i
mal Kum
a
r, C
h
ima
y
, A
numb
a
. Ra
dio-fre
q
u
enc
y i
d
e
n
tifica
tion (RF
I
D)
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licati
ons: A brief intro
ducti
on.
Advanc
ed Engi
neer
in
g
Informatics
. 200
7
;
21(4): 350-3
5
5
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[5]
Hua
ng S
hen
g
hai, Zou
Jia
n
m
in, Sun J
i
a
n
qua
n. T
herese
a
rch a
b
o
u
t food safet
y
trac
eab
ilit
y s
y
stem
base
d
on th
e techn
o
lo
g
y
of R
F
ID.
Agricultur
e Netw
ork Informati
o
n
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07; (
12): 36-4
1
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Chin
ese
w
i
t
h
Engl
ish abstra
c
t).
[6]
Yuan J
i
a
ng, C
ao Ji
n
w
e
i
, Qiu
Z
i
xu
e. T
e
mperatur
e a
n
d
hum
idit
y d
i
stribute
d
monitor
i
ng f
o
r grai
n de
po
t
base
d
on
RF
ID read
er n
e
t
w
orks.
T
r
ansacti
ons of the
Ch
ines
eSoci
e
ty o
f
Agricultur
al
Engi
neer
in
g
(T
ransactions of the CSAE), 201
1; 27(1
0
): 131-
1
36. (in Ch
i
nese
w
i
t
h
Eng
l
i
s
h abstract).
[7]
W
ang T
i
ngma
n
, Z
hang
Xia
o
s
hua
n, Che
n
W
e
i. RF
ID-
bas
ed temp
eratur
e monit
o
rin
g
s
y
stem of froze
n
and ch
ill
ed til
api
a in col
d
c
hai
n log
i
stics [J].
T
r
ansaction
s of the Chin
ese
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ety of Agricultur
al
Engi
neer
in
g
(Transactions of the CSAE). 2011; 27(9): 141-
146. (in Chines
e
w
i
th
E
nglish abstract).
[8]
S
y
d'
nhe
imo L,
Ukkon
en L, Kiv
i
koski M. Effects of
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hap
e of metall
i
c
objects on
pe
rformance of
passiv
e
ra
dio f
r
equ
enc
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ide
n
tificatio
n
.
Int J of Adva
nced
Manufactur
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