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52
In
d
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J
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ca
ca
o
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
Glo
b
ally
,
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
r
an
k
s
7
2
nd
in
ex
p
o
r
tin
g
c
o
co
a
c
h
o
co
late
with
a
g
lo
b
al
m
ar
k
et
s
h
ar
e
o
f
less
th
an
0
.
0
1
%
[
5
]
.
Pro
d
u
ctio
n
m
u
s
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
th
ese
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
co
c
o
a
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
p
o
d
b
r
ea
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
wet
b
ea
n
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
,
b
ea
n
f
er
m
en
tatio
n
,
b
ea
n
d
r
y
i
n
g
,
d
eh
u
llin
g
,
a
n
d
w
i
n
n
o
w
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
b
e
a
n
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
v
a
l
u
e
-
a
d
d
e
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
l
i
k
e
c
o
c
o
a
b
u
t
t
e
r
,
b
e
v
e
r
a
g
e
s
,
a
n
d
c
a
k
e
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es,
m
o
s
t
n
o
tab
ly
in
Min
d
an
ao
,
is
id
ea
l
f
o
r
c
ac
ao
g
r
o
wth
an
d
e
x
p
an
s
i
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
B
o
AS
[
7
]
,
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
wa
s
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ar
o
u
n
d
4
,
8
3
1
m
etr
ic
to
n
s
o
f
ca
ca
o
in
2
0
1
2
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
wh
ich
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
Dav
ao
R
eg
io
n
,
with
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
,
7
6
3
m
e
tr
ic
to
n
s
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
o
f
th
e
co
n
c
er
n
e
d
a
g
en
cies,
b
o
th
lo
c
al
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al,
to
g
eth
er
with
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
,
i
n
itiativ
es
wer
e
r
aised
to
r
ev
iv
e
th
e
lo
ca
l
ca
ca
o
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
e
r
o
ad
m
a
p
f
o
r
ca
ca
o
wa
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
iti
ativ
e
o
f
th
e
C
o
co
a
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
(
C
o
co
aPh
il),
a
n
d
it
was
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
in
th
ei
r
v
is
io
n
th
at
in
o
n
e
cr
o
p
p
i
n
g
s
ea
s
o
n
,
it wo
u
ld
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ab
o
u
t
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
t
o
n
s
o
f
ca
ca
o
.
T
h
e
jo
u
r
n
e
y
o
f
ca
ca
o
f
r
o
m
f
ar
m
to
m
ar
k
et
in
v
o
lv
es
s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es.
Po
d
s
,
wet
b
ea
n
s
,
o
r
d
r
y
b
ea
n
s
ar
e
th
e
th
r
ee
u
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
ca
ca
o
th
at
ar
e
s
o
l
d
lo
ca
lly
o
r
to
co
o
p
er
ativ
es.
Flem
in
g
e
t
a
l.
[
8
]
,
th
e
ea
s
iest
way
to
s
ell
ca
ca
o
is
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
o
d
s
,
as
wet
b
ea
n
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
ef
f
o
r
t,
ca
r
e
f
u
l,
tim
ely
h
an
d
lin
g
,
a
n
d
p
o
s
th
ar
v
est
ex
p
en
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
f
ar
m
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
d
-
b
r
ea
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
p
o
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
wet
b
ea
n
s
,
is
ty
p
ically
d
o
n
e
m
a
n
u
ally
.
On
g
o
in
g
s
tu
d
ies an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
p
o
d
-
b
r
ea
k
in
g
m
ac
h
in
es
aim
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
m
a
d
e
f
r
o
m
th
ese
m
ac
h
in
es
m
a
in
tain
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
J
o
s
h
y
et
a
l.
[
6
]
,
t
h
e
lo
n
g
itu
d
i
n
al
lo
ad
in
g
o
r
ien
tatio
n
r
esu
lted
in
h
ig
h
er
im
p
ac
t stre
n
g
th
,
b
i
o
-
y
ield
,
an
d
r
u
p
tu
r
e
p
o
in
ts
,
c
o
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
an
d
r
u
p
tu
r
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
,
an
d
m
o
d
u
lu
s
o
f
s
tiff
n
ess
an
d
m
o
d
u
lu
s
o
f
elasticity
in
co
co
a
f
r
u
its
th
an
th
e
later
al
lo
ad
in
g
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
ater
ials
m
ay
b
r
ea
k
u
n
d
e
r
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
lo
ad
f
o
llo
win
g
a
f
o
r
ce
-
s
tr
ain
s
tr
aig
h
t
cu
r
v
e
[
9
]
.
I
m
p
ac
t,
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e,
an
d
s
h
ea
r
in
g
ar
e
th
e
f
o
r
ce
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
b
r
ea
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
d
e
p
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
ty
p
e
o
f
m
ac
h
i
n
e
,
as
well
as
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
co
n
ce
p
ts
th
at
th
e
d
esig
n
er
an
d
f
ab
r
icato
r
u
s
ed
to
c
o
m
e
u
p
with
th
e
n
ew
d
esig
n
s
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
es [
1
0
]
-
[
1
4
]
.
2.
T
H
E
O
RI
T
I
CAL
B
ACK
G
R
O
UND
A
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
test
is
wh
er
e
an
y
m
ater
ial
is
b
ein
g
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
ed
o
r
cr
u
s
h
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
f
o
r
ce
s
th
at
p
u
s
h
th
e
m
ater
ials
f
r
o
m
o
p
p
o
s
ite
s
id
es.
T
h
is
is
b
ein
g
d
o
n
e
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
an
y
p
ar
tic
u
lar
s
p
ec
im
en
wh
ile
it
u
n
d
er
g
o
es
co
m
p
r
es
s
iv
e
lo
ad
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tr
ain
,
s
tr
ess
,
an
d
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
,
y
ield
,
u
ltima
t
e
s
tr
en
g
th
,
e
last
ic
lim
it,
an
d
ela
s
tic
m
o
d
u
lu
s
,
am
o
n
g
o
t
h
er
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
c
o
u
ld
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
test
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
im
en
in
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
.
Kn
o
win
g
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
ese
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
an
d
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
ater
ial
m
ay
d
ete
r
m
in
e
wh
eth
e
r
th
e
m
ater
ial
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
r
if
it
will
b
r
ea
k
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
s
tr
ess
es.
T
esti
n
g
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
co
c
o
a
p
o
d
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
o
b
jectiv
e
way
to
d
eter
m
in
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
at
p
er
m
it
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
in
im
al
al
lo
wab
le
lo
a
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
s
t
o
b
r
ea
k
with
o
u
t
th
e
s
ee
d
s
b
ein
g
d
estro
y
ed
[
9
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
Ar
d
u
in
o
in
alco
h
o
l
d
etec
tio
n
,
wate
r
v
ap
o
r
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
v
o
ice
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
o
n
ly
a
f
ew
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
Ar
d
u
in
o
t
o
lo
ad
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
test
in
g
m
ac
h
in
es.
W
ith
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
lo
ad
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
test
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
u
s
in
g
Ar
d
u
in
o
was
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
d
f
ab
r
icate
d
.
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
is
th
e
h
e
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
with
t
h
e
m
atr
ix
k
ey
p
ad
b
ein
g
a
p
ass
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
th
a
t
n
ec
ess
itate
s
ac
tiv
e
s
ca
n
n
in
g
b
y
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
.
Up
o
n
p
r
ess
in
g
a
b
u
tto
n
o
n
th
e
m
atr
i
x
k
ey
p
ad
,
a
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
is
estab
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
o
w
an
d
c
o
lu
m
n
p
in
s
,
allo
win
g
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
t
o
id
en
tify
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
an
d
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
co
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
in
g
co
d
e
o
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
th
en
s
en
d
s
a
co
m
m
an
d
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
,
wh
ich
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
lin
e
ar
ac
t
u
ato
r
.
T
h
e
lo
a
d
ce
ll
is
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
lin
ea
r
ac
tu
ato
r
,
an
d
as
weig
h
t
is
ap
p
lied
to
it,
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
wir
es
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
lo
ad
ce
ll
ch
an
g
es.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
s
m
all
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
is
ch
a
n
g
e,
th
e
l
o
ad
ce
ll
am
p
lifie
r
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
am
p
lify
th
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
a
d
ce
ll
to
m
ak
e
it
ea
s
ily
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
am
p
lifie
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
weig
h
t
o
r
f
o
r
ce
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
e
d
at
a
th
at
was
g
ath
er
ed
will
th
en
b
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
a
liq
u
id
cr
y
s
tal
d
is
p
lay
(
L
C
D)
a
n
d
th
en
s
to
r
ed
o
n
an
SD
ca
r
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
SD
ca
r
d
m
o
d
u
le.
A
f
ter
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
ca
v
ea
ts
an
d
g
ap
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
id
e
n
tify
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
UF
-
1
8
c
ac
ao
p
o
d
as
well
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
C
h
a
r
a
cteriz
a
tio
n
o
f U
F
-
1
8
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
s
u
s
in
g
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
-
b
a
s
ed
lo
a
d
…
(
Ma
r
icel
Ga
mo
lo
D
a
ya
d
a
y
)
743
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
l
o
ad
a
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
ca
n
b
ea
r
b
ef
o
r
e
b
r
ea
k
in
g
o
r
c
r
u
s
h
in
g
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
b
ea
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t d
a
m
ag
ed
.
T
h
is
ad
d
r
ess
es th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
lo
w
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
o
f
u
n
d
a
m
ag
ed
an
d
g
o
o
d
-
q
u
ality
wet
b
ea
n
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Sa
m
ple a
nd
s
a
m
pli
ng
s
ize
I
n
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
i
n
es,
th
e
b
est
ca
ca
o
v
ar
iety
is
th
e
C
r
io
llo
.
Sti
ll,
s
in
ce
it
is
r
ar
e
an
d
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
v
ar
iety
b
y
th
e
f
ar
m
er
s
is
th
e
T
r
i
n
itar
y
v
ar
iety
,
an
d
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
ese
is
th
e
UF
-
1
8
s
in
ce
it
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
h
ig
h
-
y
ield
in
g
v
ar
ieties
as
p
er
th
e
2
0
2
1
d
ata
o
f
th
e
Dep
a
r
tm
en
t
o
f
Ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
wh
ich
y
ield
s
an
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
8
9
5
k
ilo
g
r
am
s
p
er
h
ec
ta
r
e.
T
h
at
s
am
e
v
a
r
iety
was
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
an
d
was
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
m
u
lti
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
(
H
MPC
)
f
ar
m
at
An
tip
a
s
,
No
r
th
C
o
tab
ato
.
C
ac
ao
f
r
u
its
o
f
m
atu
r
ed
ag
e
o
f
ab
o
u
t 7
5
p
er
ce
n
t
p
o
d
r
ip
e
n
ess
wer
e
g
ath
er
ed
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
Fifty
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
s
am
p
les
wer
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
m
at
er
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
en
o
u
g
h
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
UF
-
1
8
,
wh
er
e
in
f
a
ct,
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
ten
(
1
0
)
p
o
d
s
am
p
les
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
t
o
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
Fo
r
aster
o
p
o
d
s
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
o
r
s
ea
s
o
n
ed
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
s
.
3
.
2
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
io
n o
f
t
he
ph
y
s
ica
l pro
pert
ies
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
d
e
ter
m
in
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
o
d
weig
h
t,
s
ize
an
d
s
h
ap
e,
v
o
lu
m
e,
an
d
d
en
s
ity
,
ar
e
c
r
u
cial
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
ca
ca
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
m
ac
h
in
er
y
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
in
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
cr
itical
p
ar
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
h
o
p
p
er
f
o
r
lo
ad
in
g
a
n
d
b
r
ea
k
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
d
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
k
n
o
win
g
th
e
p
o
d
th
ic
k
n
ess
aid
s
in
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
th
e
b
lad
e
cle
ar
an
ce
to
d
esig
n
a
s
licin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
d
o
esn
’
t
d
am
ag
e
t
h
e
b
ea
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
b
r
ea
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
i
s
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
elev
a
n
t to
eq
u
ip
m
en
t f
ab
r
icato
r
s
.
3
.
3
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
io
n o
f
s
ize
a
nd
s
ha
pe
A
to
tal
o
f
f
i
f
ty
s
am
p
les
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
ize
an
d
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
s
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
p
o
d
,
th
e
th
r
ee
lin
ea
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
,
len
g
th
(
a)
,
eq
u
at
o
r
ial
d
iam
eter
(
b
)
,
an
d
in
ter
m
ed
iate
d
iam
eter
(
c)
.
T
h
e
s
ize
an
d
s
h
a
p
e
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
a
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
er
n
ier
ca
lip
er
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
0
.
0
1
m
m
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ate
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
m
ea
n
d
iam
eter
s
o
f
th
e
p
o
d
s
am
p
les,
th
e
m
at
h
em
atica
l
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
ap
p
lied
b
y
[
9
]
,
an
d
[
2
0
]
-
[2
2
]
was u
s
ed
.
=
(
)
1
3
(
1
)
W
h
er
e:
a
=
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
p
o
d
(
m
m
)
b
=
eq
u
at
o
r
ial
d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
p
o
d
(
m
m
)
c
=
in
ter
m
ed
iate
d
iam
eter
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
d
(
m
m
)
3
.
4
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
io
n o
f
s
urf
a
c
e
a
re
a
T
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
o
f
p
o
d
s
am
p
les
was
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
iv
en
m
a
th
em
atica
l
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
[
20
]
-
[2
4
]
.
=
ᴨ
²
(
2
)
W
h
er
e:
S =
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
(
m
m
)
Gm
=
g
eo
m
etr
ic
m
ea
n
d
iam
et
er
(
m
m
)
Fo
r
th
e
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
s
p
h
er
icity
o
f
th
e
p
o
d
s
,
th
e
ap
p
lied
b
y
[
2
0
]
-
[
2
3
]
wer
e
u
s
ed
.
ℎ
=
(
)
1
3
=
(
3
)
W
h
er
e:
a
=
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
p
o
d
(
m
m
)
b
=
eq
u
at
o
r
ial
d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
p
o
d
(
m
m
)
c
=
in
ter
m
ed
iate
d
iam
et
er
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
d
(
m
m
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
74
1
-
7
4
8
744
3
.
5
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
io
n o
f
weig
ht,
v
o
lum
e,
a
nd
dens
it
y
Fifty
s
am
p
les
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
’
s
weig
h
t,
v
o
lu
m
e,
a
n
d
d
e
n
s
ity
.
T
h
e
p
o
d
was
weig
h
ed
o
n
th
e
s
ca
le,
h
u
n
g
in
a
r
o
d
,
an
d
th
en
f
o
r
ce
d
in
to
th
e
wate
r
.
A
d
ig
ital
weig
h
in
g
s
ca
le
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
1
g
r
am
was u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
=
(
4
)
W
h
er
e:
V
=
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
wate
r
(
c
m
³)
W
a
d
=
weig
h
t o
f
d
is
p
lace
d
wat
er
(
g
)
D
aw
=
weig
h
t d
en
s
ity
o
f
wate
r
(
g
/cm
³)
3
.
6
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
io
n o
f
bu
lk
dens
it
y
T
h
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
b
u
l
k
d
en
s
ity
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
p
o
d
s
am
p
les
was
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
ap
p
lied
b
y
[
20
]
,
[
2
1
]
a
n
d
[
25
].
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
4
1
-
liter
v
o
lu
m
etr
ic
cy
lin
d
er
was
f
illed
wit
h
s
am
p
les
o
f
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
s
;
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
wer
e
th
en
weig
h
ed
.
T
h
e
b
u
lk
d
en
s
ity
wa
s
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
weig
h
t
a
n
d
th
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
th
e
c
y
lin
d
er
.
3.
7
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
io
n o
f
t
he
mecha
nica
l pro
pert
ies
T
h
e
d
esig
n
f
o
r
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
lo
ad
co
m
p
r
ess
o
r
test
in
g
m
ac
h
i
n
e
f
o
r
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
b
r
e
ak
in
g
was
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
d
an
d
f
ab
r
icate
d
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
UF
-
1
8
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
’
s
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
C
r
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
l
o
ad
ce
ll,
lin
ea
r
ac
tu
ato
r
,
an
d
Ar
d
u
in
o
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
wer
e
e
v
alu
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
ce
r
eq
u
ir
ed
an
d
tim
e
to
b
r
ea
k
th
e
p
o
d
s
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
-
b
ased
lo
ad
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
test
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
was
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
f
ab
r
icate
d
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
co
m
p
r
is
es
a
1
)
p
o
we
r
s
o
u
r
ce
m
ad
e
o
f
a
3
ce
ll
L
ith
iu
m
-
I
o
n
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
th
a
t
was
en
clo
s
ed
in
a
d
u
s
tp
r
o
o
f
c
ase,
2
)
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
b
o
ar
d
with
2
0
to
tal
in
p
u
ts
,
an
d
an
L
C
D
d
is
p
lay
o
f
2
0
×
2
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
tim
e
an
d
l
o
ad
,
an
d
a
f
o
u
r
4
)
p
u
s
h
b
u
tto
n
s
(
u
p
,
d
o
wn
,
tar
e
,
an
d
s
to
p
)
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
p
u
ts
b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
,
3
)
a
p
latf
o
r
m
m
ad
e
o
f
g
alv
an
ized
s
teel
with
a
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
3
7
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k
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e
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n
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d
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s
ely
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e
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e
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m
ass
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in
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s
e
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e
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lib
r
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io
n
f
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
s
o
m
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ic
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iew
o
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Ar
d
u
in
o
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b
ased
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p
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r
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ac
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ce
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2
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d
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in
o
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d
,
3
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latf
o
r
m
,
4
)
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5
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h
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,
6
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f
r
am
e,
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n
d
7
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lin
ea
r
ac
t
u
ato
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
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esian
J
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E
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g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
C
h
a
r
a
cteriz
a
tio
n
o
f U
F
-
1
8
ca
ca
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icel
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a
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8
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m
press
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est
A
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wa
s
co
n
d
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ed
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n
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o
le
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esh
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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les
o
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ar
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U
F
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e
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o
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te
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h
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p
o
d
s
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r
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ed
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tify
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g
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o
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e
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r
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ate
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e
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o
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ased
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as u
s
ed
with
a
s
p
ee
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o
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m
m
/
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
o
f
co
m
p
r
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io
n
test
in
g
: A
)
p
o
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itio
n
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o
f
p
o
d
t
o
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e
co
m
p
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ess
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n
m
ac
h
in
e,
B
)
s
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t o
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p
o
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r
ea
k
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g
,
C
)
en
d
o
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o
m
p
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n
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D)
r
ea
d
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g
o
f
r
esu
lt
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
P
hy
s
ica
l pro
pert
ies
Size
an
d
s
h
ap
e,
weig
h
t,
v
o
lu
m
e,
d
en
s
ity
,
a
n
d
b
u
lk
d
en
s
ity
;
u
s
in
g
th
e
c
r
iter
ia
b
y
[
2
1
]
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
s
h
ap
e
an
d
s
ize
o
f
th
e
f
r
u
i
t
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
U
F
-
18
c
ac
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o
d
h
as
an
av
er
a
g
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
m
ea
n
d
iam
eter
,
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
,
a
n
d
s
p
h
er
icity
in
d
ex
o
f
1
1
5
.
3
7
m
m
,
4
1
,
8
9
9
.
4
8
m
m
²,
an
d
0
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6
3
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2
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e
s
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ec
tiv
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d
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iatio
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o
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4
5
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8
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3
3
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d
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0
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8
r
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T
ab
le
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n
d
2
,
r
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ely
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ca
o
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s
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les
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ad
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n
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e
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ag
e
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im
en
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io
n
o
f
1
8
1
.
2
9
m
m
,
9
4
.
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6
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m
,
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d
9
0
.
0
1
m
m
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
o
r
th
e
len
g
th
,
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th
,
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d
th
i
ck
n
ess
,
r
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r
t
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er
m
o
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e,
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e
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g
e
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h
t
is
6
9
1
.
8
5
g
.
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n
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th
e
d
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lace
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en
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m
eth
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d
,
it
h
a
d
a
v
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m
e
o
f
7
4
6
.
1
9
cm
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d
en
s
ity
o
f
0
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3
,
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n
d
a
b
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lk
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en
s
it
y
o
f
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2
.
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8
k
g
/m
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ased
o
n
th
e
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tu
d
y
c
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n
d
u
cted
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y
[
9
]
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n
th
e
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h
y
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ical
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r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
T
r
in
itar
ian
p
o
d
s
,
th
e
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v
er
ag
e
weig
h
t
was
5
6
4
.
6
,
wh
ic
h
is
lig
h
ter
as
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
f
o
r
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
g
eo
m
etr
i
c
m
ea
n
d
iam
eter
[
9
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
v
alu
e
o
f
1
0
5
.
8
9
wh
i
ch
is
s
m
aller
th
an
th
e
tr
in
itar
y
p
o
d
(
UF
-
1
8
)
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
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h
e
s
p
h
er
icity
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
also
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
th
e
r
esu
lt
r
e
p
o
r
ted
b
y
[
9
]
,
wh
ich
is
0
.
6
7
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
UF
-
1
8
p
o
d
s
wer
e
n
o
t
p
er
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ec
tly
s
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h
er
e
-
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ed
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th
u
s
m
a
k
in
g
it
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
to
r
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ll
o
v
er
.
Hen
ce
,
wh
en
d
esig
n
i
n
g
a
p
o
d
b
r
ea
k
er
with
a
h
o
p
p
er
,
it
wo
u
ld
b
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
a
b
r
icato
r
to
d
eter
m
in
e
h
o
w
th
ese
p
o
d
s
will b
e
alig
n
e
d
p
r
io
r
t
o
b
r
ea
k
in
g
o
r
s
licin
g
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
o
n
s
ize
an
d
s
h
ap
e
will a
ls
o
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l
in
d
esig
n
in
g
t
h
e
h
o
l
d
er
s
/clip
p
er
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
d
b
r
ea
k
e
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Po
d
s
h
ap
e
an
d
s
ize
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
u
s
in
g
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
v
er
n
ier
ca
lip
e
r
with
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
0
.
0
1
mm
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
74
1
-
7
4
8
746
T
ab
le
1
.
Ph
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
(
UF
-
1
8
)
P
od
(UF
-
18)
Le
n
g
t
h
(
m
m)
Eq
u
a
t
o
r
i
a
l
d
i
a
m
e
t
e
r
(
mm
)
I
n
t
e
r
med
i
a
t
e
d
i
a
m
e
t
e
r
(
mm
)
Ex
t
e
r
n
a
l
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
ss
(
mm
)
M
e
a
n
1
8
1
.
2
9
9
4
.
2
6
9
0
.
0
1
1
7
.
4
4
V
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
9
3
.
9
3
3
0
.
3
1
2
6
.
0
4
5
.
5
4
T
ab
le
2.
C
o
n
t
in
u
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
(
UF
-
1
8
)
P
od
(UF
-
18)
M
a
ss
(
g
)
V
o
l
u
me
(
c
c
)
D
e
n
si
t
y
(
g
/
c
c
)
G
e
o
me
t
r
i
c
m
e
a
n
d
i
a
met
e
r
(
mm
)
S
u
r
f
a
c
e
a
r
e
a
(
mm
²)
S
p
h
e
r
i
c
i
t
y
i
n
d
e
x
M
e
a
n
6
9
1
.
8
5
7
4
6
.
1
9
0
.
9
3
1
1
5
.
3
7
4
1
8
9
9
.
4
8
0
.
6
3
7
2
V
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
1
0
7
6
0
.
5
7
1
2
5
1
3
.
1
2
0
.
0
1
6
3
4
2
7
.
1
6
1
4
5
3
8
1
3
3
.
0
4
0
.
0
0
0
7
6
4
.
2
.
M
ec
ha
nica
l
p
ro
pert
ies
T
h
e
f
o
r
ce
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
r
ea
k
th
e
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
s
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
lo
ad
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
test
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
f
if
ty
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
les
o
f
UF
-
1
8
ca
ca
o
p
o
d
s
with
a
m
atu
r
ity
o
f
7
5
p
er
ce
n
t
r
ip
e
n
e
s
s
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
p
o
d
s
izes
an
d
th
i
ck
n
ess
es
h
av
e
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
ce
s
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
3
6
.
9
4
to
9
2
.
4
2
k
g
(
3
6
2
.
3
8
N
to
9
0
6
.
6
4
N
)
an
d
tim
e
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
6
-
1
1
s
ec
o
n
d
s
to
b
e
ab
le
to
b
r
ea
k
th
e
p
o
d
s
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
[
9
]
,
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
test
f
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f
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d
in
g
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
W
.
C
.
N
a
b
u
a
,
R
.
L.
A
l
e
ma
n
,
A
.
J
.
B
.
A
r
d
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e
z
,
a
n
d
D
.
D
.
L
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n
g
a
n
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y
,
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C
a
c
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o
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e
P
h
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l
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p
p
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s
1
9
9
0
-
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0
1
2
,
”
S
D
S
S
U
M
u
l
t
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d
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sc
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p
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n
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ry
Re
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e
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r
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h
J
o
u
rn
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l
,
v
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l
.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
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2
0
1
3
.
[
2
]
I
.
A
.
D
e
V
e
r
a
,
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C
a
c
a
o
a
n
d
Ta
b
l
e
a
Tso
k
o
l
a
t
e
:
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p
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n
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sh
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t
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l
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my
,
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o
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p
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[
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l
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.
A
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b
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e
:
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w
w
.
p
su
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j
.
o
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/
j
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s.
[
3
]
A.
-
A
.
F
.
d
e
A
l
m
e
i
d
a
a
n
d
R
.
R
.
V
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l
l
e
,
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E
c
o
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c
a
c
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,
”
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1
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[
4
]
L.
C
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D
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M
.
C
.
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mb
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D
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O
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k
o
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c
z
,
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o
p
o
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u
s
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b
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.
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l
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n
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,
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v
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2
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0
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4
.
[
5
]
“
P
h
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l
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p
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c
a
c
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s
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p
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g
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a
rc
h
,
2
0
2
2
.
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
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w
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d
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.
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l
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p
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d
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st
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a
p
.
p
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(
a
c
c
e
sse
d
A
p
r
.
1
3
,
2
0
2
4
)
.
[
6
]
A
.
J
o
sh
y
,
S
.
G
e
e
t
h
u
,
K
.
M
.
K
r
i
s
h
n
e
n
d
u
,
a
n
d
C
.
S
.
N
i
k
h
i
l
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
c
o
c
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p
o
d
b
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a
k
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m
b
e
a
n
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x
t
r
a
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,
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p
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m
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f
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rve
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c
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n
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r
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c
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l
Pr
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n
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,
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0
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5
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:
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m/
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(
a
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1
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0
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4
)
.
[
7
]
B
o
A
S
,
“
S
e
l
e
c
t
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d
st
a
t
i
s
t
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c
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3
,
”
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a
.
g
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v
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p
h
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
8
]
K
.
F
l
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m
i
n
g
,
V
.
E
.
S
mi
t
h
,
H
.
C
.
B
i
t
t
e
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b
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n
d
e
r
,
“
T
h
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c
o
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m
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c
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o
f
c
a
c
a
o
p
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t
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o
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K
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,
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o
.
A
B
-
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
2
,
2
0
0
9
.
[
9
]
J.
D
.
F
o
n
sso
,
“
H
e
r
t
z
t
h
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y
a
p
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s o
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p
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,
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n
t
e
r
n
a
t
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n
a
l
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l
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Me
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52
In
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c
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tac
ted
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t
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m
a
il
:
lav
a
rias
jeff@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.